Odoo has native Analytic Accounting support through Anaytic Accounts. Documents, such as Sales Orders or Invoices, can have Analytic Accounts on them. These are carried to the GL Accounting moves, so that finantial data ends up with analytic informatin available for management analysis.
What are Analytic Accounts is a business decision, and depends on what needs to be measured. These can be Activities, Contracts, Projects, Cost Centers, etc.