Windows formatted the EFI partition and thus its UUID changed...
Add the UUID of the new partition to the one in your /etc/fstab
- Enter maintenance mode or have a terminal
- Run
sudo blkid
- Write down the UUID of the EFI partition (there should be a partition where it says type=efi)
- Run
sudo nano /etc/fstab
- Change the UUID of the old EFI partition to the one you wrote down
SWAP or other mounting partition was deleted / changed
Same as above, just change or delete the appropriate fstab line