installed with instructions from here: http://docs.docker.io/en/latest/installation/ubuntulinux/#ubuntu-precise

docker_shell_output

[~]$ docker
Segmentation Fault or Critical Error encountered. Dumping core and aborting.
Aborted
[~]$

It looks like you have installed the wrong docker..

apt-get install docker will a install a "System tray for KDE3/GNOME2 docklet applications"

Installing lxc-docker will get you the package to "create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient containers from any application."

I would like to note that lxc-docker has been renamed in the repositories by docker.io

I would like to point out that: http://docs.docker.io/installation/ubuntulinux/
'''
$ sudo apt-get install docker.io
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/docker.io /usr/local/bin/docker
'''
we must install docker.io rather than docker.

👏 thank you! exactly what I need

I had the same issue "Segmentation Fault or Critical Error encountered. Dumping core and aborting." following these instructions (as root) : https://www.linode.com/docs/applications/containers/how-to-install-docker-and-deploy-a-lamp-stack

However @xianlinbox 's solution does not work on my machine* :

$ sudo apt-get install docker.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package docker.io
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'docker.io'

(* My machine is a Linode server running Ubuntu 12.04 - it is an old Ubuntu, and it is also a custom distro I believe - I've decided the easiest solution for me will be to find a different host)

@krisrandall, This should work for you.
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/363058

But you need to install a lot of dependency packages.