一般函數的捷徑，適用於那些參數沒 *args, 和 **kwargs 的函數 執行這類的函數比較快 詳見: Python 原碼解析 -- 深度探索動態語言核心技術 p223 或註解

gistfile1.cpp

/* The fast_function() function optimize calls for which no argument
   tuple is necessary; the objects are passed directly from the stack.
   For the simplest case -- a function that takes only positional
   arguments and is called with only positional arguments -- it
   inlines the most primitive frame setup code from
   PyEval_EvalCodeEx(), which vastly reduces the checks that must be
   done before evaluating the frame.
*/

static PyObject *
fast_function(PyObject *func, PyObject ***pp_stack, int n, int na, int nk)
{
    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func);
    PyObject *globals = PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func);
    PyObject *argdefs = PyFunction_GET_DEFAULTS(func);
    PyObject **d = NULL;
    int nd = 0;

    PCALL(PCALL_FUNCTION);
    PCALL(PCALL_FAST_FUNCTION);
    // 一般函數的捷徑
    if (argdefs == NULL && co->co_argcount == n && nk==0 &&
        co->co_flags == (CO_OPTIMIZED | CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_NOFREE)) {
        PyFrameObject *f;
        PyObject *retval = NULL;
        PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
        PyObject **fastlocals, **stack;
        int i;

        PCALL(PCALL_FASTER_FUNCTION);
        assert(globals != NULL);
        /* XXX Perhaps we should create a specialized
           PyFrame_New() that doesn't take locals, but does
           take builtins without sanity checking them.
        */
        assert(tstate != NULL);
        f = PyFrame_New(tstate, co, globals, NULL);
        if (f == NULL)
            return NULL;

        fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
        stack = (*pp_stack) - n;

        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            Py_INCREF(*stack);
            fastlocals[i] = *stack++;
        }
        retval = PyEval_EvalFrameEx(f,0);
        ++tstate->recursion_depth;
        Py_DECREF(f);
        --tstate->recursion_depth;
        return retval;
    }
    if (argdefs != NULL) {
        d = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
        nd = Py_SIZE(argdefs);
    }
    return PyEval_EvalCodeEx(co, globals,
                             (PyObject *)NULL, (*pp_stack)-n, na,
                             (*pp_stack)-2*nk, nk, d, nd,
                             PyFunction_GET_CLOSURE(func));
}

函數預設參數也會減慢速度

closure 也會讓 vm 不會進入 "一般函數的捷徑"