asa_2014_prelim.csv

id,authors,date,event,title,type,abstract
709815,"Emmanuel Saez, University of California-Berkeley","Fri, August 15, 7:00 to 9:00pm, TBA",Opening Plenary Session. Hard Times: The Concentrations of Income and Wealth,Inequality and Opportunity in the United States,Plenary,
709816,"Thomas M. Shapiro, Brandeis University; Melvin L. Oliver, University of California-Santa Barbara","Fri, August 15, 7:00 to 9:00pm, TBA",Opening Plenary Session. Hard Times: The Concentrations of Income and Wealth,Black Wealth/White Wealth Revisited,Plenary,
709817,"Leslie McCall, Northwestern University","Fri, August 15, 7:00 to 9:00pm, TBA",Opening Plenary Session. Hard Times: The Concentrations of Income and Wealth,How Americans Think about Economic Inequality,Plenary,
710353,"Jay MacLeod, Parish of All Saints and Author","Sat, August 16, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Social Class in Daily Life,Outclassed,Plenary,
710354,"Linda Marie Burton, Duke University","Sat, August 16, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Social Class in Daily Life,"Racializing Low-Income Rural Mothers: A Thirty-Year Ethnography of Race, Class, and Socioeconomic Inequality",Plenary,
710355,"Annette Lareau, University of Pennsylvania","Sun, August 17, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",ASA Awards Ceremony & Presidential Address,The Transmission of Advantage,Other,"Hard times influence everyone, but the impact on young people, who are making decisions that affect their life trajectory, are especially profound. In her Presidential Address, Annette Lareau presents previously unpublished data from one of the families in her qualitative study Unequal Childhoods.  With this case, she highlights the institutional barriers which block the advancement of highly motivated young people as they manage the transition from childhood to young adulthood.  This work, and other recent studies, underscores the crucial role cultural knowledge plays in helping young adults achieve economic success."
710356,"Arlie Russell Hochschild, University of California-Berkeley","Mon, August 18, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Family Life in Hard Times,Do Free Market Policies Go with Family Values: The Research,Plenary,
710357,"David Harding, University of Michigan","Mon, August 18, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Family Life in Hard Times,Hard Times and Family Life after Prison,Plenary,
710358,"Marianne Cooper, Stanford University","Mon, August 18, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Family Life in Hard Times,How Families Cope with Hard Times: Using Emotions to Understand Inequality,Plenary,
710364,"Nicole Woolsey Biggart, University of California-Davis","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Public Sociology: Using Sociology to Improve Social Life,Using Sociology to Rethink Our Use of Energy,Presidential,
710365,"Michele Lamont, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Public Sociology: Using Sociology to Improve Social Life,How to Build Social Resilience in the Neo-Liberal Age,Presidential,
710366,"Orlando Patterson, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Public Sociology: Using Sociology to Improve Social Life,Sociology and the Crisis of Black Youth,Presidential,
710367,"Hugh Mehan, University of California-San Diego","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Public Sociology: Using Sociology to Improve Social Life,Pursuing the Sociological Imagination through a Public Sociology,Presidential,
710380,"Howard S. Becker, Independent Scholar","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Methodological Disagreements:  Comparing the Value of Qualitative Interviews and Participant-Observation,Should We Believe What People Tell Us? Or Should We Go Look for Ourselves?,Presidential,
710381,"Shamus Rahman Khan, Columbia University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Methodological Disagreements:  Comparing the Value of Qualitative Interviews and Participant-Observation,Talk is Cheap,Presidential,
710382,"Alford A. Young, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Methodological Disagreements:  Comparing the Value of Qualitative Interviews and Participant-Observation,Taking Talk More Seriously: The Value of Ethnographic Interviewing,Presidential,
710383,"Allison Pugh, University of Virginia","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Methodological Disagreements:  Comparing the Value of Qualitative Interviews and Participant-Observation,The Paradox of Voice: What We Can Do with What People Tell Us,Presidential,
710384,"Michael Useem, University of Pennsylvania","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Elites and the Power They Wield,The American Business Elite: From Classwide Coherence to Company-focused Management -- and Global Engagement,Presidential,
710385,"Mark S. Mizruchi, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Elites and the Power They Wield,"Individual Power, Collective Weakness: The Fragmentation of the American Coporate Elite",Presidential,
710386,"Lauren Rivera, Northwestern University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Elites and the Power They Wield,The Haves and the Have-A-Lots: Who Counts as Upper Class in America?,Presidential,
710387,"D. Michael Lindsay, Gordon College","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Elites and the Power They Wield,Leading Lives: An Inside Look at the People in Power,Presidential,
710388,"Vanessa Lopes Munoz, Brandeis University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: Portraits of Individuals Negotiating with Institutions,Managing Children's Food Allergies: Negotiations about Adherence among Families and Medical Providers,Presidential,
710389,"Jessica McCrory Calarco, Indiana University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: Portraits of Individuals Negotiating with Institutions,Doing It My Way: Cultural Capital and Children's Management of Classroom Rules,Presidential,
710390,"Stephen R. Viscelli, Swarthmore College","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: Portraits of Individuals Negotiating with Institutions,The Big Rig: Class Power in Deregulated Labor Markets,Presidential,
710391,"Amada Armenta, University of Pennsylvania","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: Portraits of Individuals Negotiating with Institutions,On the Beat: Creating Criminal Aliens through Traffic-based Policing,Presidential,
710392,"Jooyoung Kim Lee, University of Toronto","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: The Police, Surveillance, and Violence: The Next Generation of Ethnographic Work",Getting Shot in the Ghetto,Presidential,
710393,"Alice Goffman, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: The Police, Surveillance, and Violence: The Next Generation of Ethnographic Work",A Fugitive Adolescence: Growing Up Under the U.S. Crime War,Presidential,
710394,"Randol Contreras, University of Toronto","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Presidential Panel. Young Ethnographers: The Police, Surveillance, and Violence: The Next Generation of Ethnographic Work",There Ain't No Sunshine: Navigating Police Surveillance as a Gang Member in Los Angeles,Presidential,
710399,"John Van Maanen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Finding Our Way: Making Theoretical Sense Out of Ethnographic Data,Withdrawal Pains: Exiting from the Field,Presidential,
710400,"Diane Vaughan, Columbia University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Finding Our Way: Making Theoretical Sense Out of Ethnographic Data,Insights in Place,Presidential,
710401,"Leslie S. Paik, City University of New York-City College","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Finding Our Way: Making Theoretical Sense Out of Ethnographic Data,Finding the Hook: Reflections on Distilling Theory from Naturalistic Ethnographic Data,Presidential,
710402,"Timothy S. Black, Case Western Reserve University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Presidential Panel. Finding Our Way: Making Theoretical Sense Out of Ethnographic Data,"Blurring the Boundaries of Ethnography: Intimacy, Theory, and Politics",Presidential,
710403,"John Skrentny, University of California-San Diego","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Civil Rights Act,Racial Realism in the New American Workplace,Thematic,
710404,"Kevin R. Johnson, University of California-Davis","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Civil Rights Act,Immigration and Civil Rights in the 21st Century,Thematic,
710405,"Dorothy Roberts, University of Pennsylvania","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Civil Rights Act,Civil Rights and the New Biopolitics of Race,Thematic,
710406,"Aldon D. Morris, Northwestern University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Civil Rights Act,1964 Civil Rights Act: Fall of Jim Crow vs. Fall of Racism,Thematic,
710412,"Jennifer Jihye Chun, University of Toronto","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Future of Unions,The Emotional Politics of Unionism: Organizing across Gender and Racial Divides?,Thematic,
710413,"Dan Clawson, University of Massachusetts","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Future of Unions,Neo-liberalism and the Future of Labor,Thematic,
710414,"Kim Voss, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Future of Unions,Democracy and the Future of Unions: A New Logic of Collective Action?,Thematic,
710415,"Sylvia Walby, Lancaster University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Future of Unions,Re-gendering Unions: Changing Alliances and Agendas,Thematic,
710416,"Victor M. Rios, University of California-Santa Barbara","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Race and Space,Tracking the Interactional Effects of Gang Control across Institutional Settings,Thematic,
710417,"Melanie E. L. Bush, Adelphi University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Race and Space,Of Elephants and Chameleons: Whiteness in Public Space Today,Thematic,
710418,"Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Duke University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Race and Space,"Race in a ""Special"" Place: The Case of HWCUs",Thematic,
710419,"Zaire Z. Dinzey-Flores, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Race and Space,"Green Veneers: Gates Communities, Urban Renewal, and Built Exclusions",Thematic,
710422,"Hilary Levey Friedman, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Children's Work and Children's Play during Hard Times,Children's Extracurricular Activities during Hard Times,Thematic,
710423,"Min Zhou, Nanyang Technological University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Children's Work and Children's Play during Hard Times,Divergent Family Strategies to Social Mobility: Variations on Educational Outcomes among Children of Contemporary Chinese Immigrants in North America and Southern Europe,Thematic,"Chinese Americans are applauded as a model minority in America for their extraordinary educational achievement. Pundits attribute it to cultural traits innate to the ethnic group. However, the existing research on immigrant education has shown different school outcomes of the same ethnic or national-origin group in different receiving countries. For example, in both the US and Canada, the children of contemporary Chinese immigrants excel in the educational arena but the same does not hold true in Spain and Italy. While receiving contexts matter, how they matter has not been adequately examined. In this presentation, I dispel the myth of the model minority and discuss how immigrant selectivity and host-society reception intertwine to create different sets of challenges for immigrant families in different receiving countries, giving rise to distinct strategies and patterns of social mobility."
710424,"Javier Auyero, University of Texas-Austin","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Children's Work and Children's Play during Hard Times,The Experiences of Material Deprivation and Daily Violence for Children in Argentina,Thematic,
710425,"Teresa Toguchi Swartz, University of Minnesota","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Children's Work and Children's Play during Hard Times,"Growing Up in Uncertain Times: Privilege, Disadvantage and Parent-Child Relations during the Extended Transition to Adulthood",Thematic,"A primary expectation of parents in the contemporary United States is to prepare their children for achievement and independence. Parents do so by investing in their children’s human and cultural capital development, trying to ensure that their children succeed in increasingly competitive educational institutions and uncertain labor markets. During the past few decades, as the transition to adulthood has become increasingly varied and prolonged (Settersten et al. 2005), many parents have continued to support their children into young adulthood. Extended reliance on parents is common with three-quarters of young people in their early twenties receiving financial support from their parents, and nearly 60% of those in this age group living with their parents (Hill and Holzer 2007; Wightman, Schoeni and Robinson 2012). In fact, one recent study found that the early adult years, along with the pre-school years, are the two periods in which parents spend the most money on their children today (Kornrich and Furstenberg 2013).  This paper draws on both survey data and interviews with young people and parents to explore the circumstances and rationales around continued parental support to young adults, and its effects on young people’s attainment and on family relationships. Findings suggest that parents act as “scaffolding” to help their children achieve goals, and “safety nets” to help them through hard times and to keep them from falling too far behind. Attention is paid to the relevance of social class, race, and immigrant generation, as well as situations in which young adult children assist their parents.  Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of continued parental support during the transition to adulthood for the intergenerational transmission of privilege and disadvantage."
710427,"Molly A. Martin, Pennsylvania State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Obesity,"Parental Employment, Work Patterns, and Income and Children's Weight",Thematic,
710428,"David P. Baker, Pennsylvania State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Obesity,Maternal Education and Children's Weight in Latin America: Variatin across Nutritional Contexts,Thematic,
710429,"Rachel Tolbert Kimbro, Rice University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Obesity,Neighborhood Disadvantage and Children's Weight Trajectories,Thematic,
710430,"Alexandra Brewis, Arizona State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Obesity,Childhood Obesity: Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives,Thematic,
710442,"Paul Froese, Baylor University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Religion and Hard Times,God + Country: The Bundle Theory of American Ideology,Thematic,
710443,"Susan Crawford Sullivan, College of the Holy Cross","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Religion and Hard Times,"Poor Mothers, Religion, and the American Dream",Thematic,
710444,"Richard L. Wood, University of New Mexico","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Religion and Hard Times,Faith-based Social Justice: Building a More Grounded Progressive Politics,Thematic,
710445,"Robert Wuthnow, Princeton University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Religion and Hard Times,"Hard Times, Religion, and Conservative Politics",Thematic,
710451,"Gretchen Donehower, University of California-Berkeley","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Accounting for Intergenerational Relations around the World: The National Transfer Accounts Project,"Gender/Time Use in NTA, An International Comparison",Thematic,
710452,"Luis Rosero-Bixby, University of Costa Rica","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Accounting for Intergenerational Relations around the World: The National Transfer Accounts Project,Socioeconomic Status and Intergenerational Relations in Latin America,Thematic,
710454,"Ronald Lee, University of California-Berkeley","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Accounting for Intergenerational Relations around the World: The National Transfer Accounts Project,Overview of NTA,Thematic,
710456,"Monica Prasad, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Is the Permanent Tax Revolt Over?,Business Power and the Tax Revolt,Thematic,
710457,"Vanessa S. Williamson, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Is the Permanent Tax Revolt Over?,Since the Revolt: Tracing Tax Ballot Measures since 1975,Thematic,
710458,"Isaac William Martin, University of California-San Diego","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Is the Permanent Tax Revolt Over?,The Long Tea Party,Thematic,
710459,"Andrea L. Campbell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Is the Permanent Tax Revolt Over?,Public Opinion and the Foci of Citizen Discontent with Taxes,Thematic,
710465,"Sheldon Danziger, Russell Sage Foundation","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Legacies of the War on Poverty: 50 Years Later,The War on Poverty and the Evolution of the Safety Net,Thematic,
710466,"Kathleen McGarry, University of California-Los Angeles","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Legacies of the War on Poverty: 50 Years Later,The Social Safety New for the Elderly,Thematic,
710468,"Harry Holzer, Georgetown University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Legacies of the War on Poverty: 50 Years Later,"The War on Poverty's Workforce Development Programs: Going, Going, Gone?",Thematic,
710469,"Joyce A. Arditti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Doing Time in Hard Times: The Impact of Incarceration on Family Well-being and Economic Stability,The Effects of Incarceration on Children and Parenting,Thematic,
710470,"Christine Lindquist, Research Triangle Institute","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Doing Time in Hard Times: The Impact of Incarceration on Family Well-being and Economic Stability,Family Relationships during Incarceration and Reentry,Thematic,
710471,"Bruce Western, Harvard University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Doing Time in Hard Times: The Impact of Incarceration on Family Well-being and Economic Stability,Incarceration and Economic Disparities: A Macro-level Perspective,Thematic,
710482,"Edwin Amenta, University of California-Irvine","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Politics of Wall Street,Economic Protest Movements of the Great Depression and Great Recession,Thematic,
710483,"Neal Caren, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Sarah Gaby, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Politics of Wall Street,Occupy the Media: How Social Movements Influence Newspaper Coverage,Thematic,
710484,"Ruth Milkman, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Politics of Wall Street,Looking Back at Occupy Wall Street: Protest Movements in the Aftermath of the Great Recession,Thematic,
710485,"Todd Gitlin, Columbia University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Politics of Wall Street,Wall Street and Occupy Wall Street in Public Imagination,Thematic,
710486,"Arthur S. Alderson, Indiana University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Thematic Session. Global Inequalities: National, International, and Social Movement Perspectives","Within-country Inequality, Development, and Globalization",Thematic,
710487,"Peter B. Evans, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Thematic Session. Global Inequalities: National, International, and Social Movement Perspectives",In Pursuit of a Great Transformation: What Role for Counter-hegemonic Globalization,Thematic,
710488,"Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, University of Maryland-College Park","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Thematic Session. Global Inequalities: National, International, and Social Movement Perspectives","Global Inequality, Creative Destruction and the Unexpected Double Movement",Thematic,
710490,"Francisco Pedraza, University of Michigan","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. A New Deadly Symbiosis? The Alignment of Law Enforcement and Social Welfare Agencies in the Inner-City,"The ""Chiling Effect"" of Immigration Enforcement on Latinos' Social Service Use",Thematic,
710491,"Forrest Stuart, University of Chicago","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. A New Deadly Symbiosis? The Alignment of Law Enforcement and Social Welfare Agencies in the Inner-City,Strange Bedfellows? Zero Tolerance Policing and Social Welfare Organizations in America's Punitive Turn,Thematic,
710492,"Monica C. Bell, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. A New Deadly Symbiosis? The Alignment of Law Enforcement and Social Welfare Agencies in the Inner-City,Motherhood in the City: Parenting and the Cultural Architecture of Police Notification,Thematic,
710493,"Armando Lara-Millan, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. A New Deadly Symbiosis? The Alignment of Law Enforcement and Social Welfare Agencies in the Inner-City,"Redistributing the Poor and the Revolving Door: Jails, Public Hospitals, and Mass Incarceration",Thematic,
710495,"Michael Hout, New York University; Orestes 'Pat' Hastings, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Social Mobility in Hard Times,"The Social Recession: How the Financial Collapse of 2008 Affected Americans' Assessments of their Class, Employment Security, and Economic Prospects",Thematic,
710496,"Lane Kenworthy, University of Arizona","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Social Mobility in Hard Times,Has Mobility Declined?,Thematic,
710497,"Jennifer M. Silva, Harvard University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Social Mobility in Hard Times,Hardened Selves: Working-class Youth and the Betrayal of the Future,Thematic,
710500,"Shyon S. Baumann, University of Toronto; Josee Johnston, University of Toronto; Athena Engman, University of Toronto","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Consumption in Hard Times,Shopping for Change? A Socioeconomic Analysis of Food Consumption,Thematic,
710501,"Jane R. Zavisca, University of Arizona; Brent White, University of Arizona","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Consumption in Hard Times,"Consumer Expenditure, Savings, or Investment? Classifying Mortgages in Crisis",Thematic,
710504,"Emily A. Barman, Boston University; Sigrun Olafsdottir, Boston University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Inequality and Philanthropy,The Welfare State vs. the Nonprofit Sector: Implications for Health Inequalities in a Comparative Perspective,Thematic,
710505,"Elisabeth S. Clemens, University of Chicago","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Inequality and Philanthropy,The Public-Private Polity: Democracy in an Age of Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs,Thematic,"Contemporary inequality is experienced as both economic and political.  As private philanthropic and voluntary efforts play an increasingly prominent role in mitigating the effects of economic inequality, they also challenge our understandings of the place of democratic decision-making premised on the equal rights of voters and the electoral basis for representation.  The implications of this privatization of deliberation over public goods are explored through a comparison across municipal, regional, and national efforts to mobilize public-private collaborations to confront major social challenges and to provide public goods."
710506,"Nicole P. Marwell, City University of New York-Baruch College","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Inequality and Philanthropy,"What’s a Public-Private Partnership, Anyway?",Thematic,"Philanthropy has often worked with nonprofit organizations in an attempt to shape public policy, both by encouraging new approaches to service delivery and supporting policy advocacy efforts.  These traditional approaches carry at least the appearance of an arms’-length relationship with government officials, and often have been characterized by active opposition or hostility.  More recently, however, philanthropic dollars have flowed to nonprofits that envision and enact close relationships with government decision makers in order to develop and implement policy change.  Cast as a more efficient approach in an era of tight government budgets, when private resources can make new policies possible, these “public-private partnerships” raise questions about democratic accountability at the same time that they confront real procedural barriers inside both the legislative and executive branches at all levels of government."
710507,"Walter W. Powell, Stanford University; Aaron Elliott Grodner Horvath, Stanford University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Inequality and Philanthropy,When Philanthropy Disrupts: Does Big-Money Philanthropy Supplant Public Goods and Diminish Civil Society?,Thematic,"Do new forms of philanthropy, propelled by wealth from the technology and finance sectors, supplant or complement the role of the state in providing public goods? To address this question, we review the history of the relationship between philanthropy, the state, and civil society in the U.S. The contemporary era has seen philanthropy shift from its Gilded Age contributory role, in which new forms of public goods such as libraries and universities were supported, toward a more disruptive role, providing services that are alternatives to those offered by the state. We analyze how this new era of philanthropy has had both direct and unintended effects in altering the role of government. Through key examples, we demonstrate how these developments unfold. One, big-money philanthropy both critiques state bureaucratic administration and undercuts the relationship between the state and civil society. As government budgets are starved, public officials look to alternative private ways to provide public services. Two, the private provision of public goods further delegitimates state actions. Although these new philanthropic models are relatively small compared to total charitable giving and government budgets, we argue that they provoke broader changes in the relationship of philanthropy, the state, and civil society."
710530,"Andrew Szasz, University of California-Santa Cruz","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Environmental Climate Change and Social Inequality,The American Culture of Consumption and the Enviroment,Thematic,
710531,"Shannon Elizabeth Bell, University of Kentucky","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Environmental Climate Change and Social Inequality,Energy Sacrifice Zones in the Rural United States: Social Inequality in the Era of Extreme Energy,Thematic,
710532,"Dana R. Fisher, University of Maryland","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Environmental Climate Change and Social Inequality,U.S. State and Local Responses to Climate Change,Thematic,
710533,"J. Timmons Roberts, Brown University; David M. Ciplet, Brown University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Environmental Climate Change and Social Inequality,"Climate Change and the Global South: Vulnerability, Responsibility, Identity, Solidarity and Resistance",Thematic,
710536,"Greta R. Krippner, University of Michigan; Daniel Hirschman, University of Michigan","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Credit and Inequality: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,Pricing and Personhood: Risk-based Prices and Gender Discrimination in Consumer Financial Markets,Thematic,
710537,"Matthew Kenyon, University of Michigan","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Credit and Inequality: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,Giant Pool of Money: The Aesthestics of Accumulation and Waste,Thematic,
710538,"David Freund, University of Maryland","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Credit and Inequality: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,"Credit is Money: The Heterodox Challenge to Studies of Public Policy, Wealth, and Inequality",Thematic,
710539,"Julie Battilana, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Credit and Inequality: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,Opportunities and Challenges Facing Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Microfinance Organizations,Thematic,
710541,"Bruce G. Link, Columbia University; Ezra Susser, Columbia University; Ryan K. Masters, University of Colorado-Boulder; Jennifer Montez, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. The Impact of Economic Inequality on Health and Developing Strategies to Reduce It,Understanding the Long Reach of Child Health on Adult Health and Socioeconomic Status,Thematic,
710542,"Elizabeth Gage-Bouchard, State University of New York-Buffalo","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. The Impact of Economic Inequality on Health and Developing Strategies to Reduce It,Private Safety Nets and Social Leverage: The Role of Personal Networks in Shaping Low-income Families' Health Care Experiences,Thematic,
710543,"Adam Dalton Reich, Columbia University; Ryan K. Masters, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. The Impact of Economic Inequality on Health and Developing Strategies to Reduce It,Fundamental Interventions: Addressing the Fundamental Causes of Disease,Thematic,
710544,"James S. House, University of Michigan","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. The Impact of Economic Inequality on Health and Developing Strategies to Reduce It,Social Determinants and Disparities in Health and America's Paradoxical Crisis of Health Care and Health,Thematic,
710546,"Aaron M. Pallas, Columbia University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Education and Hard Times,The Distribution of School Resources in Hard Times,Thematic,
710547,"Karolyn Tyson, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Education and Hard Times,Creating Opportunity during Hard Times: A Case for Detracking,Thematic,
710548,"Joshua Klugman, Consortium on Chicago School Research","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Education and Hard Times,The Unequal Effects of Attending Affluent High Schools on College Destinations,Thematic,
710550,"Paul Mohai, University of Michigan","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Hard Times and Environmental Inequality,"Which Came First, People or Pollution? Assessing the Disparate Sitting and Post-Sitting Demographic Change Hypotheses of Environmental Injustice",Thematic,
710551,"David Pellow, University of Minnesota","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Hard Times and Environmental Inequality,"Confronting Socioecological Inequalities: Radical Politics, State Repression, and the Power of Eco-Terrorism",Thematic,
710552,"Colin Jerolmack, New York University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Hard Times and Environmental Inequality,"Please in My Back Yard: Risk, Reward, and Inequality in Central Pennsylvania's ""Gas Rush""",Thematic,"Based on an 8-month ethnography of how the hydraulic fracturing of shale gas is affecting rural communities in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, this paper complicates the typical “environmental inequality” story in several revealing ways. Lycoming County residents are not virtuous victims involuntarily exposed to toxins by rapacious industries. Rather than mobilizing a NIMBY campaign against fracking, many have adopted a PIMBY (please in my back yard) frame, inviting a possibly toxic industry into their communities and sharing in the rewards as well as the risks. It is not the case that poor residents are excluded from the profits generated by this industry; rather, accidents of geography and geology created a sort of “fracking lottery” in which many reap modest gains and some benefit substantially. I argue that this dynamic applies to a variety of “environmental justice” cases and forces us to consider the willful and intentional complicity of residents in creating the local conditions for toxic risk. That does not mean that issues of power and inequality are moot. A number of leaseholders I befriended seemed unaware of the details of their contracts and felt that they misjudged the risk that fracking poses to their land and personal health, revealing the capacity of energy firms to exploit information asymmetries and the vulnerability of folks desperate to hold onto their mortgages and hardscrabble farms. This raises important questions about collective action and risk perception. I ask why it is that so few residents mobilized—or even harbored resentment—against energy firms when they felt that promises were not kept. And I argue that disparities in lease signing bonuses and royalties have introduced new forms of local social inequality that traditional environmental justice frames might overlook."
710553,"Rachel Morello-Frosh, University of California-Berkeley","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Hard Times and Environmental Inequality,"Citizens, Science and Health Social Movements:  Moving Upstream to Address Environmental Justice",Thematic,
710563,"Miliann Kang, University of Massachusetts-Amherst","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Fragile Middle Class and Hard Times,Tiger Mothers and the Middle-class Dream: Asian American Women Managing Race and Class,Thematic,
710564,"Rachel E. Dwyer, The Ohio State University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Fragile Middle Class and Hard Times,Generation Debt: Changing Patterns in Middle-class Youth Employment and Education,Thematic,
710565,"Caitlin Zaloom, New York University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Fragile Middle Class and Hard Times,"The Middle Class and Risk: How Normal People Cope with Interest, Pension, and Insurance Calculations",Thematic,
710572,"Judith A. Seltzer, University of California-Los Angeles; Jenjira Yahirun, University of Texas-Austin","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Grandparents Pitching in During Hard Times,Grandparents' Involvement in Biological and Stepfamilies,Thematic,"Grandparents are an important source of childcare and financial support for their adult children.  Childcare facilitates adult children’s labor force participation, and financial transfers help alleviate financial hardship experienced by the younger generation.  Cohorts who experienced high rates of marital disruption and high rates of remarriage are increasingly represented among the grandparent generation.  The history of family disruption and reconstitution in the grandparent generation may threaten the extent to which grandparents provide a safety net for their grandchildren.   This paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate grandparents’ connections to grandchildren and how these vary among the family types: two biological grandparents, stepgrandmother and biological grandfather; biological grandmother and stepgrandfather.  We also examine connections between biological and stepgrandparents and grandchildren when the grandparent is unpartnered.  Outcomes considered include:  co-residence, proximity and childcare."
710573,"Merril Silverstein, Syracuse University; Yooumi Lee, Syracuse University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Grandparents Pitching in During Hard Times,Time and Money Trade-offs in Grandparents' Support of their Children's Families: Differences by Ethnicity and Nativity,Thematic,"Grandparents often form the first line of defense in support of their families, particularly during difficult economic times.  Support to adult children most often takes the form of care for young grandchildren and provision of economic assistance.  This paper will use the most recent wave of the Health and Retirement Study to examine differences in the time and money tradeoff in downstream intergenerational support based on the ethnic identification and nativity of grandparents, with particular focus on Hispanic families."
710575,"Rachel Dunifon, Cornell University; Kimberly Kopko, Cornell University; P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, Northwestern University; Laurie Wakschlag, Northwestern University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Grandparents Pitching in During Hard Times,Multigenerational Relationships in Families with Custodial Grandparents,Thematic,"This paper examines patterns of parent-child relationships among youth in custodial grandparent households.   We do so using unique, multi-method data gathered from custodial grandparents and their teenaged grandchildren in New York State.  Our analysis reveals several themes: in some instances the parent takes a friend-like role in the child’s life, while in others the parent can be unreliable or even destructive.  Youth feelings towards their parents include anger, ambivalence, and longing.  Finally, grandparents play key roles in moderating the youth-parent relationship, oftentimes working hard to build ties between the grandchildren they are raising and their nonresidential parents."
710576,"Madonna Harrington Meyer, Syracuse University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Grandparents Pitching in During Hard Times,Grandma's Financial Contributions during Hard Times,Thematic,"Grandparents make sizable contributions to their children and grandchildren, both with respect to care and money.  But they often ramp up those contributions during hard times. This paper uses qualitative data from the Grandmothers at Work Survey to highlight financial contributions made by grandparents during hard times and the financial implications of those contributions for their own old age financial security."
710585,"Kathleen Gerson, New York University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Creating Order Out of Chaos: Strategies for Situating Family Members in a Social Context Using Qualitative Data,Making Sense of Things: Reflections on How to Develop a Sociological Argument with Interview Data,Thematic,
710586,"Amy C. Steinbugler, Dickinson College","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Creating Order Out of Chaos: Strategies for Situating Family Members in a Social Context Using Qualitative Data,Beyond Loving: Positioning Interracial Narratives in a Social Structure Context,Thematic,
710588,"Karen V. Hansen, Brandeis University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Creating Order Out of Chaos: Strategies for Situating Family Members in a Social Context Using Qualitative Data,Kin Trees and Community Maps: Framing Families and Networks,Thematic,
710593,"Zulema Valdez, University of California-Merced","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Border Legacy,"In the Absence of Formal, Informal: Unauthorized Mexican-origin Immigrants and the Colonia Economy along the South Texas-Mexico Border",Thematic,
710594,"Raquel R. Marquez, University of Texas-San Antonio","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Border Legacy,Families of the U.S.-Mexico Border Colonias--A Legacy of Resilience,Thematic,
710595,"Gilberto Rosas, University of Illinois","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Border Legacy,The Border of Criminality,Thematic,
710596,"William Simmons, Arizona State University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Border Legacy,Navigating Fluid States of Exception at the U.S.-Mexico Border,Thematic,
710598,"Andrew J. Cherlin, Johns Hopkins University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Closing the Economic Marriage Gap: The Policy Debate,Cultural and Economic Influcences on Family Formation among Young Adults,Special,
710600,"Sarah Halpern-Meekin, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Closing the Economic Marriage Gap: The Policy Debate,Unmarried Parents and Relationship Education,Special,
710601,"Mignon R. Moore, University of California-Los Angeles","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Closing the Economic Marriage Gap: The Policy Debate,Marriage for Same-sex Couples and their Well-being,Special,
710610,"Mark A. Berends, University of Notre Dame","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Making Research Relevant: Payoffs and Pitfalls of Presenting Sociology to Its Publics,School Reform: Partnering with Teachers and Schools on Research-based Interventions,Special,
710611,"Kevin M. Fitzpatrick, University of Arkansas","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Making Research Relevant: Payoffs and Pitfalls of Presenting Sociology to Its Publics,Homelessness and Food Insecurity: Working with Community Partners to Understand the Problems and Potential Solutions,Special,
710612,"Nancy Ammerman, Boston University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Making Research Relevant: Payoffs and Pitfalls of Presenting Sociology to Its Publics,Religious Organizations and their Communities: Training Leaders and Informing the Public,Special,
710614,"Paula M. Lantz, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Sociology in and Sociology of Prevention,Using Sociology to Inform Public Health Prevention Research and Policy,Special,
710615,"Phil Brown, Northeastern University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Sociology in and Sociology of Prevention,Sociologists Collaborating with Environmental Health Scientists to Prevent Exposure and Disease,Special,
710616,"Edward T. Walker, University of California-Los Angeles","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Sociology in and Sociology of Prevention,"Prevention and Contention: Vaccine Skeptics, Alternative Medicine, and School Immunization Exemptions",Special,
710617,"Richard F. Catalano, Jr., University of Washington","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Special Session. Sociology in and Sociology of Prevention,Can a Sociology of Community Rise and Protective Factors Improve the Lives of Children and Adolescents?,Special,
710618,"Frederick F. Wherry, Yale University; Kristin Seefeldt, University of Michigan; Anthony Alvarez, University of California-Los Angeles","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Cultures of Getting and Spending Inequality from Market Interactions and Classifications,Relational Accounting and the Financial Self: Preliminary Evidence for the Mission Asset Fund,Special,
710619,"Zsuzsanna Vargha, University of Leicester","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Cultures of Getting and Spending Inequality from Market Interactions and Classifications,The Long Range and the Small Print: Relational Work and Financial Regulation in Wealth Management Encounters,Special,
710620,"Rachel Sherman, New School for Social Research","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Cultures of Getting and Spending Inequality from Market Interactions and Classifications,Negotiating Needs: Elite Consumers in New York City,Special,
710621,"Marion Fourcade, University of California-Berkeley; Kieran Healy, Duke University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Cultures of Getting and Spending Inequality from Market Interactions and Classifications,Seeing Like a Market,Special,
710624,"Gili S. Drori, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Special Session. The Local-Global Dynamics of World Society,Gobalization as Comparability Process: The Role of Expert Knowledge in Global Diffusion,Special,
710625,"Kerstin Sahlin, Uppsala University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Special Session. The Local-Global Dynamics of World Society,"Intermediaries in a Globalized University Field: Between Market, Academy and Politics",Special,
710626,"Evan Schofer, University of California-Irvine","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Special Session. The Local-Global Dynamics of World Society,World Society and Local Organization: Rethinking the Links and Mechanisms,Special,
710627,"Ali Qadir, University of Tampere","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Special Session. The Local-Global Dynamics of World Society,Domestication of Anti-Terrorism Legislation: A Case Study of Ontologies in the Interpretation of World Culture,Special,
716662,"Philip N. Cohen, University of Maryland-College Park","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Closing the Economic Marriage Gap: The Policy Debate,Doing Math One-handed? Inequality and the Marriage Problem,Special,
716663,"Ronald Mincy, Columbia University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Special Session. Closing the Economic Marriage Gap: The Policy Debate,Vulnerable Fathers: A Fringe Issue No Longer,Special,
716777,"Gregory D. Squires, George Washington University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Institutions and the Maintenance of Inequality,"From Foreclosure to Fair Lending: Occupy, Inequality, and the Role of Advocacy",Thematic,
718485,"Andrew Mason, East-West Center-Honolulu","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Thematic Session. Accounting for Intergenerational Relations around the World: The National Transfer Accounts Project,Is Low Fertility Really a Problem?,Thematic,
718735,"Matthew Desmond, Harvard University","Mon, August 18, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Plenary Session. Family Life in Hard Times,"Stability Costs too Much: Poor Families, Eviction, and the Affordable Housing Crisis",Plenary,
718749,"Eileen M. Otis, University of Oregon; Tongyu Wu, University of Oregon","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Institutions and the Maintenance of Inequality,The Boundary Work of Class Formation in Urban China: Service Labor an Inequality in Urban China,Thematic,
720166,"Becky Petit, University of Washington","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Thematic Session. Institutions and the Maintenance of Inequality,Mass Incarceration and the Myth of Black Progress,Thematic,
720429,"Katherine Elizabeth Wullert, Boston College; John B. Williamson, Boston College","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Cross-National Sociology,Contextualizing Democracy and its Impact on Infant Mortality: A Cross-National Analysis,Regular,"Numerous prior studies have sought to come up with important macro political, social and economic structural factors that help account for cross-national variation in infant mortality rates. Democracy has been suggested as one such factor due to its potential direct and indirect effects on infant mortality. However, a debate has developed in the literature as to just how strong and robust various proposed measures of democracy really are.  Our analysis is based in part on a worldwide sample of 158 countries and in part on subsamples that vary with respect to level of development.  It is very much an exploration of the complexity of the relationship between democracy and infant mortality. We theorize and then find evidence pointing to a possible quadratic relationship between democracy and infant mortality, with infant mortality lowest in either autocracies or democracies and highest for those countries in the transition period between the two.  Additionally, we find that both ethnic fractionalization and level of economic development moderate the relationship between democracy and infant mortality in interesting ways."
720434,"Donald Cunnigen, University of Rhode Island; Bruce H. Wade, Spelman College; Abby L. Ferber, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,Teaching Race and Racism in Obama Age: A 3-Way Distance Learning Course,Roundtable,"Beginning in 2009, three colleagues from across the country established a distance learning course examining contemporary issues related to race and racism.  Utilizing modern technology, the course featured video conferencing, chat rooms, guest speakers, online resources, and other innovative techniques to connect campuses in Rhode Island, Colorado, and Georgia.  Over the years, the course evolved to include aspects that expanded the horizons of students and faculty.  The focus of this paper will be the pedagogical details regarding the development, execution, and impact of this original course on undergraduate students and faculty members at each institution.  The purpose of this paper is to examine the contributions derivative of such a cooperative teaching arrangement."
720450,"Jeneve R. Brooks, Troy University; Kristenne M. Robison, Westminster College","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Teaching Workshop. Making Students Count: Mentoring Undergraduates in Community-based Research,Undergraduates in Community Based Research? Review of Best Practices,Other,
720451,"Jan Buhrmann, Illinois College","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Teaching Workshop. Making Students Count: Mentoring Undergraduates in Community-based Research,Community-Based Research in Research Methods Courses,Other,
720453,"Roxana Moayadi, Trinity Washington University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Teaching Workshop. Making Students Count: Mentoring Undergraduates in Community-based Research,The Institutional Challenges and Opportunities of Advancing Community-Based Research at a Diverse Urban Campus,Other,
720455,"Rebecca Romo, University of California-Santa Barbara","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Latino/a Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Committing Taboos: Second-Generation Mexican American Women who Date/Marry African American Men.,Roundtable,"This paper explores the practice of interracial dating and marriage among second-generation Mexican American women and African American men in Los Angeles.  Drawing from interviews with 20 Mexican American women, this analysis investigates the choice to violate a culturally sanctioned taboo of having intimate sexual and marital relations outside of their racial/ethnic group.  Interview data, and literature suggests that within the context of Mexican American interracial heterosexual relationships, having an African American male partner is the most restrictive and is a sexual transgression that carries consequences of emotional discipline and punishment mainly by Mexican male family members.  I find that Mexican American women who date or marry African American men are viewed as disloyal and sexually deviant by their co-ethnic peers and family members.  These second-generation Mexican American women engage in “carefree” or “careful” boundary crossing defined by the ways that they navigate their choices to have relationships with African American men in the context of patriarchal and culturally defined family structures. I argue that Mexican-African American unions constitute forms of resistance to traditional American assimilation into the mainstream and whiteness, and resistance to racial/ethnic-specific male control over sexuality and reproduction."
720471,"Corey Lee Wrenn, Colorado State University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Animals and Society Paper Session. Inequality and Animals,Demographic Representations in Nonhuman Animal Rights Magazines and the Implications for Mobilization Efforts and Diversity,Section,"Many scholars have critiqued the gender and racial makeup of the Nonhuman Animal Rights movement, noting its overwhelmingly white and female majority (Adams and Donovan 1995, Gaarder 2011, Harper 2010, Luke 2007, Lundblad 2013, Maurer 2002, Nocella 2012, and Socha and Blum 2013).  Lack of diversity in the ranks as well as a failure to resonate with disadvantaged groups and other anti-oppression movements has been cited as one important barrier to movement success (Socha and Blum 2013, Kymlicka and Donaldson 2013, and Wrenn 2014 [forthcoming]). While a variety of factors influence a movement’s homogeneity, it is possible that social movements are actively reproducing a specific demographic through movement-produced literature that reflects a narrow activist identity.  Social movement research on collective action motivation and research on the media’s role in constructing identity suggests the possibility of such a link.  While many movements bemoan elite-controlled mainstream media’s restrictive portrayals, it could be that movements themselves are partly responsible for harmful stereotypes and a failure to diversify.  A content analysis of 131 magazine covers from VegNews and PETA’s Animal Times (2000-2012) was conducted to demonstrate that activist representations in Nonhuman Animal rights media are mostly white, female, and thin.  Fortunately, sexualized images, while present, are not predominant.  This data could be relevant to movement growth: Nonconforming individuals, regularly presented with a particular image of the ideal-type Nonhuman Animal rights activist, may not feel welcome or motivated to join the movement."
720493,"Colin J. Beck, Pomona College","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Comparative Method in Practice: Analytical Case Networks in the Study of Revolution,Roundtable,"Comparative analysis is an excellent method for a variety of questions, yet knowledge accumulation within a comparative field is dependent on its overall typical practice. One aspect of practice—the case selection of all comparative studies of revolution published between 1970 and 2009—is examined through content analysis, case frequency, and social network analysis. In contrast to the expectations of comparativists, results do not show convergence in methods, greater methodological awareness, or increasing generalizability over time. The study of revolution has also fragmented empirically in recent decades, obscuring transnational dimensions of contention. Thus, the field is not well positioned to confirm or reject generalizable findings about revolution, and the institutionalization of comparative methodology has not, unfortunately, led to the widespread adoption of best practices. The solution to these problems is to recapture the global and universal imagination of second wave historical sociology."
720499,"Richard Swedberg, Cornell University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Making New Markets, New Firms: Global, Local, Online",Can You Create a Community through Economic Means? The Case of EU,Regular,"In this paper I trace a long but little known tradition in social theory and social practice, according to which you can create a community through economic means, rather than through political and/or other means. One early example of this idea can be found in Montesquieu’s doctrine of commerce doux; another in Saint-Simon’s notion that industry will unite Europe; and a third in Marx’s notion that workers will unite and thereby create a new society. Many other examples are also cited. These ideas have been embodied, I then argue, in the attempts after World War II to unite Europe, very strikingly in the Coal and Steel Union; in Jacques Delors’ completion of the Single Market; and in the idea that the next step in the unification of Europe should be through a currency union (the EURO). The emphasis on unification of Europe through economic means, I show, have led to a number of contradictions and difficulties. It has also played a decisive role in creating the Eurocrisis."
720512,"Pamela Irving Jackson, Rhode Island College; Peter E. Doerschler, Bloomsburg University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Multiculturalism and Well-being in Europe,Roundtable,"Using the European Social Survey (2010) for fourteen European states with scores on the Banting/Kymlicka Multiculturalism Policy Index (MPI), we operationalize well-being in terms of the Council of Europe’s (2003) specification of the key areas of life (cf. Jackson and Doerschler, 2012) and focus on the dimensions of well-being involving equality, anti-discrimination and involvement in the political system.  Greater well-being of minority populations is seen to result from reductions in disparities and polarizations between them and the majority population (European Parliament, 2007).  We use scores for the eight dimensions of multicultural policy development (Banting/Kymlicka, 2012) to consider the effects that specific state policies have on targeted areas of minority well-being.  We furthermore examine the possibility that the situation of majorities also improves when states turn toward multiculturalism because these policies foster economic growth and free up societal resources from security functions.  Our analyses demonstrate the utility of the Banting/Kymlicka MPI Index of multiculturalism and its dimensions as quantitative tools enabling regular assessment of the effect of specific realms of policy change on important aspects of individual well-being.  The results reported here suggest several areas of positive impact on minority well-being of the dimensions of multicultural policy, as well as the unease of those who do not identify themselves as ethnic minorities.  This investigation provides a basis for evaluating social policies in terms of their impact on well-being and the reduction of disparities and polarizations."
720514,"Steven Harkins, University of Sheffield","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Poor Sources: Constructing the Underclass,Roundtable,"This paper provides a historical overview of the way journalists have reported the issue of poverty. The paper outlines three identifiable paradigms relating to how journalists frame poverty. The first paradigm was dominated by intellectuals from the Victorian-era who promoted ideas about poverty within an individualist framework that used various intellectual justifications that blamed the poor for their own poverty. The ideals promoted by Victorian-era intellectuals could be understood as operating through the conceptual lens of ‘social Darwinism’.  These elite narratives became unsustainable following the great depression, the rise of workers movements and the expansion of the democratic franchise in the United Kingdom and the United States. In the aftermath of the Second World War a transatlantic economic consensus of collectivism developed with the creation of the New Deal in the United States and the British welfare state. These narratives dominated until the late 1970's when the press embarked on a widespread critique of social welfare programs. The critique of social welfare programs manifested itself as a critique of the poor themselves. This developed into a range of critiques which reflected the individualist narratives of the Victorian-era.  Discourses that blamed the poor for their own poverty re-emerged through concepts like the ‘underclass’ which echoed the ‘social Darwinism’ of the Victorian-era. This paper will examine the use of the ‘underclass’ concept by journalists by focusing on its links to the discourses of the Victorian-era and its development and promotion by intellectual elites who, in the contemporary-era work for Conservative think tanks."
720515,"Mirna Lascano, National Coalition of Independent Scholars; Sandra Angeleri, Universidad Central de Venezuela; Claudia N. Chaufan, University of California-San Francisco","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Transforming Institutional Practices of Human Rights,The Bolivarian Venezuelan Constitution’s Declaration of Human Rights: The Case of Barrio Adentro,Regular,"The UN declaration of human rights articulates a right to health inseparable from rights to other basic needs -- food, housing, education, gainful employment, old age pension, and leisure. The premise is that the promotion and protection of health requires living conditions that assure human dignity. At the turn of the 21st century, several governments in Latin America assumed the responsibility to guarantee a life of dignity for all their citizens.  One such country, Venezuela, stood up to the challenge by appropriating, via the electoral system, the power of the state to turn it into an instrument of the power of the people. This Poder Popular, or popular power, had been suppressed in Venezuela despite decades of Western-style liberal democracy, which granted a right to vote yet in practice suppressed the actual political, economic, cultural and social participation of the majority of Venezuelans in their society. Since 1999, the Venezuelan people have found new and powerful ways of expression through a revolutionary Constitution enshrining a range of people-centered public policies.   This presentation will familiarize participants with these policies by describing the historical development of the struggle of the Venezuelan people for a life of dignity.  It will highlight the role of the “Missions”, the Bolivarian Government’s instruments to guarantee universal rights to food, housing, health, education, gainful employment, information, and leisure, among other factors contributing to human welfare.  It will also elaborate on current challenges to, and opportunities for, achieving the goal of social justice embedded in the Bolivarian vision."
720540,"Derek Peter McGhee, University of Southampton","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Complementarity, Independence and Coercive Isomorphism? UK Refugee NGOs Negotiate the Advantages/Disadvantages of Government Funding",Roundtable,"This paper explores the tensions surrounding the delivery of the Assisted Voluntary Return Programme (AVR) for refused asylum seekers and irregular migrants in the UK. This programme is managed by Refugee Action, a refugee NGO. Using Refugee Action to deliver this specific grant aimed at returning individuals to their ‘home’ country is a relatively recent and controversial way of working. The paper explores NGO-Government relationships in terms of collaboration, complementarity and co-option.. This paper also explores whether receiving funding to deliver government services inevitably impacts on the independence of NGOs? By using empirical research we challenge assumptions found in the literature that such relationships contributes to a restricted capacity to lobby against the government or does it lead NGOs to a more influential way of working with the government in the form of an enhanced 'behind closed doors' advocacy?"
720562,"Linda M Detterman, University of Michigan; Lynette F. Hoelter, University of Michigan","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Research Poster Session. Communicating Sociology,From Data Sharing to Data Stewardship: Meeting Data Sharing Requirements Now and into the Future,Poster,"There exists growing desire and requirements for scientific research data collected by federal funds to be shared publicly and without charge. Agencies such as the NSF and NIH require data management plans as part of research proposals and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is requiring federal agencies to develop plans to increase public access to results of federally funded research.  To be effectively shared, data must be described and documented, discoverable online, and accessible, today and into the future. And sharing data into the future requires that data sharing entities are sustainable. Data sharing and storage, discoverability and accessibility is not free from costs. Sustainability requires funding.  ICPSR, a center within the Institute for Social Research at The University of Michigan, has been sharing and archiving social science research data for over 50 years. This session will explore several data management models and examples including:  -Fee for access model - pooled funding for data curation and preservation for access by the pooling members -Agency-funded model – agency or foundation funded model providing free public access -Fee for deposit model – fee for deposit of data to provide free public access  The session will also cover restricted-use data sharing in the public access environment.  This session is useful to research scientists and those working with scientists who are interested and required to share their research data. Tips for accessing public data access products will be provided as well as resources for creating data management plans for grant applications."
720563,"Kyle Knight, University of Alabama-Huntsville","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Temporal Variation in the Cross-National Relationship between Environmental Demands and Well-being,Roundtable,"This study assesses the degree to which the relationship between the environmental demands of countries (measured as ecological footprint per capita) and well-being (measured as life expectancy) has changed over the last several decades (1961-2007) and if the nature and extent of these changes differ between developed and less-developed countries. Pooled ordinary least squares regression results indicate that decoupling has occurred among developed countries, where the relationship between ecological footprint and life expectancy weakened substantially over time, becoming negative in later years. In less-developed countries the relationship has intensified substantially, with the effect of ecological footprint on life expectancy becoming stronger over time. Fixed effects regression results provide similar results for developed countries but indicate slight decoupling between increases in ecological footprint and life expectancy among less-developed countries. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of contraction and convergence approaches to sustainability."
720570,"Annie Neimand, University of Florida","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",White Ratchet Girls: An Intersectional Analysis of Representational Resistance and Domination,Roundtable,"If you had a pulse in 2013 you probably remember Miley Cyrus and her infamous performance at the MTV Video Music Awards. Following this performance there was a rupture of discourse in popular culture as to the implications of this performance. While mainstream media argued that this was another pop stars fall from grace, others- those who watch the music and styles emerging from low-income black communities- saw this as the mainstreaming of an underground music scene known as “ratchet;” a scene at the height of its appropriation by young white hipsters, i.e. Miley Cyrus.  In this paper I examine the music videos of the top three west coast ratchet girls, Brooke Candy, Kreyshawn, and Lil’ Debbie i.e. white ratchet girls. Taking an intersectional lens, I argue that these white ratchet girls are appropriating monolithic stereotypical representations of blackness to transgress and resist normative representations of white femininity and sexuality. I argue that through the appropriation of blackness as a metaphor for struggle, rebellion, and difference from whiteness, these girls subsequently reify blackness to be associated with “otherness."" I argue that by appropriating and making claims to representations of blackness, these ratchet girls render invisible interlocking systems of oppression that produce marginalized standpoints. Lastly I argue that these girls are part of a long history of white appropriation blackness as costumes to be worn in efforts to transgress and rebel against the status quo, i.e. whiteness.  This analysis is rooted in black feminist thought, critical race studies, and intersectional studies."
720572,"Keith Zvoch, University of Oregon; Joseph J Stevens, University of Oregon","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Identification of Summer School Effects by Comparing In- and Out-of-School Growth Rates,Roundtable,"A one-group repeated-treatment design was used to examine the academic year and summer oral reading fluency outcomes for students attending a district-sponsored, summer literacy program (N = 250). Piecewise growth models applied to longitudinal data obtained during the first and second grade and over the course of the intervening summer revealed that oral reading fluency increased during each period of schooling with the most rapid increase occurring during the intensive summer school intervention period. The gains in reading fluency observed during periods of schooling contrasted with periods of stagnation or loss when students were not in school during each of two summer breaks. The observed pattern of learning suggests that for the struggling readers we studied, schooling “mattered” regardless of when in the calendar year it was experienced. Challenges and opportunities associated with evaluating summer program performance are discussed."
720578,"Cesar F. Rosado Marzan, Illinois Institute of Technology","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Organizing with International Framework Agreements: An Exploratory Study,Roundtable,"While union density falls we have experienced the rise of international framework agreements (IFAs), or agreements signed by global union federations (“global unions”) and multinational corporations. IFAs can be construed to contain employer pledges not to oppose workers who want to organize. Can a global employer’s pledge not to oppose the union facilitate organization? In an exploratory fashion, I interviewed union and multinational firms in the private security and auto industries that signed IFAs to better comprehend how IFAs can help to organize workers.  The results of this study show that organizational inroads with IFAs could vary from nonexistent to very modest, even with the employers’ pledges not to oppose unionization. Economic, political, and legal obstacles seem to significantly hinder union organization even when the employers sign IFAs.  However, all of these organizational inroads considered here only involved the contemporary American form of collective worker representation, the so-called “exclusive representation” union. IFAs offer workers the promise to organize something different: minority unions with full strike rights.  These organizations, which American unions could experiment with, would help to restore some level of workplace representation for workers. Lacking strong rights in U.S. law, IFA-sustained minority unions would need to significantly depend on global solidarity. While far from entirely resolving labor’s woes, minority unions with full strike rights and backed by global solidarity could contribute to the reorganization of American workers."
720580,"lulin bao, Minzu University of China","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Community and Urban Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Dilemma and Way-Out: Chinese Urbanization in the Globalized World,Roundtable,"With the rapid economic growth, half of Chinese population, which is more than 10% of the world population, is city residents now. At the same time, China has encountered new urban problems of over-populated cities, environmental pollution etc. When many agree it is a bottleneck time for Chinese urbanization, how to break through becomes the most important issue. Combined with the current situation of China and the experience from the other developed countries, taking Beijing as the case study, the article is trying to find some way-out to the Chinese dilemma."
720582,"Jeffrey Haydu, University of California-San Diego; Tad P. Skotnicki, University of California-San Diego","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Food Politics and Food Justice,Consumer Protest and Social Change in the Food System,Regular,"Studies of labor movements commonly invoke generic mechanisms of mobilization and connect them to larger-scale, longer-term shifts in political economy. This article begins to do the same for consumer mobilization to reform the food system. Using the familiar social movement language of grievances, resources, solidarities, and political strategies, we ask how consumer mobilization resembles and differs from labor mobilization and how it is tied to larger changes in the U.S. food system."
720584,"Nanna Mik-Meyer, Copenhagen Business School","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Disability and Society Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Caring for the Disabled Employee: Child Rhetoric in Danish Work Organizations,Roundtable,"The analysis in this study is based on a qualitative interview study conducted in 2013 in 13 Danish work organisations. The study includes interviews with 13 employees with cerebral palsy and 19 managers and 43 colleagues who work together with the 13 persons with cerebral palsy on a daily basis. The paper’s aim is to develop the scant previous research conducted on the relationship between work conditions and disability (Hyde 2000, Barnes & Mercer 2005). Disability studies have praised either a medical model approach, placing people with disabilities and their impairment in the forefront, or a social model, directing attention to the barriers in the labour market, when disabled persons’ work lives have been the centre of interest (e.g., Shakespeare & Watson 2001, Berthoud 2008). In the literature, both approaches have been criticised for being too narrow in their goal of analysing the working lives of disabled people (Barnes & Mercer 2005, Paterson & Hughes 2010). A recurrent theme in this study’s transcribed and coded interviews was not an awareness of bullying and harassment, as other studies have found (e.g., Fevre et al. 2013), but rather how managers and employees without impairments discussed their impaired colleague as a child in need of (parental) care. This child/parent model will be analysed from a critical perspective."
720585,"Albert S. Fu, Kutztown University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Paper Session. Urban Areas and Global Sustainability (co-sponsored with the Section on Community and Urban Sociology),"Globalization, Logistics Service Providers and Metropolitan Waste Management",Section,"This paper examines the growth of Logistics Service Providers (LSP) managing metropolitan solid waste (MSW). The combination of global urban growth, the expansion of monopoly capitalism and domination of neoliberal policies has resulted in MSW management to be increasingly outsourced to third party providers. Moreover, these private firms treat MSW as part of an integrated supply chain in which “waste” is a commodity handled by one of its many sectorial divisions. As such, MSW is not just a component of urban growth machines, but is part of an ever accelerating treadmill of production (Schnaiberg, 1980). The 'treadmill of production,' is a valuable tool for understanding the growing importance of logistics in this political and economic context. While, this paper will emphasize this process globally, I pay special attention to LSPs in Turkey and their expansion into Pakistan. Specifically, I will discuss the development of waste management in Istanbul by large holding companies and their recent contracts in Lahore."
720587,"Miriam Elana Verploegh, University of Iowa","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Not Thinking Straight: How Sexual Orientation and Gender Display Shape Inequality in Task Groups,Roundtable,"This dissertation addresses the question of whether sexual orientation, like gender, will lead to status differentiation during group interaction. First, I propose that sexual orientation, like gender, is a diffuse status characteristic that shapes the production of status hierarchies. Second, I emphasize the importance of decoupling gender from sexual orientation so that we can see the influence of sexuality on its own, as well as how it works with gender to inform group behavior.  To test these propositions I will use theories from the Expectation States tradition, to formalize these claims about sexual orientation and gender, and lay out a research design for testing them. This is an eight-condition experimental study that will allow us to manipulate both gender display and sexual orientation.  The experimental design uses the standardized experimental situation, which involves a stay response protocol during a task we refer to as the “contrast sensitivity test”. I expect that non-normative gender performance and homosexuality will both negatively affect the amount of influence an individual gains during interaction, which will ultimately affect their overall status. This research is new and integral to the fields of gender and sexuality studies because it works to incorporate expectation states research (Wagner and Berger 1985) with feminist research on sexuality and “doing gender, doing difference” (West and Zimmerman 1987). Taking a more interdisciplinary approach and initiating a dialogue between these two research perspectives will allow us to better understand the production of social inequality, providing new opportunities to interrupt and challenge it."
720591,"Nikki Khanna, University of Vermont; Caitlin Killian, Drew University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Open Refereed Roundtable Session I,The Role of Race and Other Factors in Shaping Parents’ Decisions to Adopt Abroad,Roundtable,"As transnational adoption grows, many American children await adoption in the U.S.  Since many of these children are children of color (and often black), we ask:  What role does race play in parents’ decisions to adopt abroad rather than adopt domestically?  In-depth interviews with 41 parents reveal parents adopt abroad for many reasons, many of which have little to do with race.  However, we find that we cannot overlook the role of race in shaping their decisions to adopt abroad:  though some parents were open to children of any race and several actively sought non-white children, many had limits – they did not want to adopt African American children.  We look at how parents articulate the role of race in their decisions, and the implications for domestic adoption and broader race relations in the United States."
720602,"Jennifer McClure, Pennsylvania State University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,How Congregational Size and Social Networks Shape Attenders' Community Involvement,Roundtable,"Past research that examines the relationship between religion and community involvement has focused on the different levels of community involvement among religious traditions and on how congregational involvement and religious social networks relate with community involvement. This study focuses on attenders of religious congregations and examines: 1) how congregation size relates with community involvement and 2) whether embeddedness in congregational social networks moderates this relationship. Using a sample of attenders and their congregations from the 2008/2009 U.S. Congregational Life Survey, a national survey representative of American congregations, this study examines the relationship between congregational size and community involvement and the cross-level interaction between congregation size and social embeddedness. Results suggest that attenders of large congregations are less likely to participate in charitable community groups and that this relationship is stronger for attenders with low levels of social embeddedness but weaker for attenders with high levels of social embeddedness."
720604,"Judith A. Richman, University of Illinois-Chicago","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Informal Discussion Roundtables,Economic Adversity and Substance Abuse among the Baby Boomer Age Cohort,Informal,My goals for this informal discussion roundtable are: 1) to get ideas from other participants on the domain of social stressors salient to the experiences of the baby boomer age cohort and 2) to discuss optimal methodologies for studying the links between economically-based stressors and substance abuse outcomes in the context of the current very competitive funding situation at NIH.
720614,"Belinda Robnett, University of California-Irvine","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Strategic and Tactical Constraints: U.S Racial Discourse and the NAACP,Roundtable,"Forty years after the peak of the U.S. African-American civil rights movement, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), has managed to survive in spite of shifting racial discourses that would render it obsolete and unnecessary. The emergence of a post-racial discourse in the 1970s was supported by a US government embrace of federalism as a mechanism to avoid enforcement of civil rights legislation.  Thus, even while black political opportunities and inclusion expanded, the widespread denial that race serves as a powerful barrier to black incorporation, constrained the tactics and altered the strategies pursued by the NAACP. Employing NAACP archival data and secondary sources that document public opinion, this study takes a relational approach to examine the ways in which cultural and political changes impacted the capacity of the NAACP to serve as an advocate for African-Americans."
720615,"Jodie Marie Dewey, Concordia University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,(Dys)Functional Diagnosing: The Sociological Analysis of the Medical and Therapeutic Management of Trans-Identified Patients,Roundtable,"Diagnosing can be both categorically and procedurally problematic. My data show that the documents meant to assist in treatment can create tension for U.S. health professionals who treat trans-identified patients. Drawing on in-depth interviews with physicians, therapists and trans-identified individuals, I show that professionals often work around specific diagnoses and treatment documents to secure insurance coverage and medical interventions for their patients. However, in working to provide treatments, they also can further pathologize and medicalize trans-people while inadvertently diminish the role of therapists while increasing the regulatory power of medical providers."
720616,"Sameer Srivastava, University of California-Berkeley; Christopher C. Liu, University of Toronto","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Pulling Closer and Moving Apart: Interaction, Ideology, and Identity in the U.S. Senate, 1979-2001",Roundtable,"This article reconciles two seemingly incompatible expectations about social interaction and ideological change. One theoretical perspective predicts that an increase in interaction between two actors will promote subsequent convergence in their ideologies, while another anticipates ideological divergence. Integrating network-analytic approaches to social influence with social psychological theories of identification, we argue that interaction between actors who share a salient social identity promotes ideological convergence, while interaction between actors with contrasting social identities leads to divergence. Moreover, the consequences of social identity for influence depend on the local context of interaction. Social identity’s effects on influence are greatest in groups with a limited, rather than extensive, history of prior collaboration and with moderate, rather than low or high, levels of ideological diversity. Empirical support for these propositions comes from analyses of the U.S. Senate from 1979 to 2001. Using two distinct indicators of social identity—party affiliation and region of representation—we demonstrate that, as the level of interaction between senators changed, the ideological distance between them subsequently shifted as a function of their respective social identities and characteristics of committees they served on together. These findings contribute to research on social influence, elite integration and political polarization, and social identity."
720619,"Yok Fong Paat, University of Texas-El Paso","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Children of Mexican Immigrants’ Aspiration-Attainment Gap and Educational Resilience,Roundtable,"This paper examines the educational resilience and aspiration-attainment gap of Mexican immigrant children in the midst of the dramatic transformation of U.S. demographic structure. Two widespread family theoretical explanations can be used to advance the current understanding on the educational disparities for immigrant children of Mexican origin: the cultural argument, which emphasizes their family process and value orientation, and the structural model, which stresses the role of family’s socio-economic status and structural assimilation in the mainstream society. Overall, both theoretical explanations were partially supported. Protective determinants and risk factors that foster or impede educational resilience among children of Mexican immigrants are enumerated.  Relevant practice implications are also discussed."
720620,"Debra Umberson, University of Texas-Austin; Mieke Beth Thomeer, University of Texas-Austin; Amy C. Lodge, University of Texas-Austin","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Love's Labors Lost? Emotion Work in Hard Times,Intimacy and Emotion Work in Same-Gender and Different-Gender Couples,Section,"We merge a gender-as-relational perspective, which emphasizes that gender is co-constructed and enacted within relationships, with theoretical perspectives on emotion work to frame an analysis of in-depth interview data from 50 same-gender and 50 different-gender long-term couples (N = 100 individuals). We find that emotion work directed toward minimizing and maintaining emotion boundaries between partners as well as boundaries between emotional intimacy and sex are key to understanding the meanings and experiences of intimacy in long-term relationships. Experiences and meanings of intimacy, as well as acts of emotion work, vary across gendered relational contexts (i.e., one's own gender in relation to partner’s gender). These findings provide a new way of thinking about the diversity of meanings and experiences of intimacy in long-term relationships as well as the unequal division of emotion work that goes into sustaining intimacy, going beyond a focus on gender differences and toward gendered relational contexts."
720621,"Sameer Srivastava, University of California-Berkeley; Andras Tilcsik, University of Toronto; Sanaz Mobasseri, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Social Networks, Identities, and Inequality","Stigma, Sympathy, and the Double Edge of Strong Ties: Social Capital Activation in Job Searches",Regular,"We examine a puzzle concerning people’s decisions to activate their social ties to help a job seeker with whom they have a preexisting relationship but who bears a potentially stigmatizing mark. Such marks might limit the extent of help provided to a job seeker because of concerns about courtesy stigma; yet they might also facilitate help by triggering sympathy. Contrary to intuitive predictions, we argue that—subject to scope conditions—sympathy will dominate stigmatization in such situations. We also illuminate the double edge of strong ties in this process: while these ties increase motivation to help, they simultaneously intensify the risk of courtesy stigma. Thus, when the job seeker is perceived to be responsible for acquiring a stigmatizing mark, strong ties provide no more socially observable help—in the form of social capital activation—than do weak ties. Using a mark that facilitated causal identification (an accident-related burn scar), an experiment with a diverse population of 510 employed adults validated our hypotheses, and interviews with twenty informants further illuminated the results. We draw implications for research on stigma, social capital, and labor markets."
720628,"Adam Mayer, Colorado State University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Self-Rated Health and Recession: A Research Note on Macro and Individual Level Predictors,Roundtable,"In this research note we extend prior research on the relationship between economic change and self-rated health. We use a multi-country data set and variables measured at both the country and individual level. Using a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model, we find that economic growth reduces self-rated health and negative experiences with the recent global recession reduce self-rated health."
720631,"Brock Ternes, University of Kansas","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Measuring Internal Migration Likelihoods across Demographic Groups: Comparing Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Logistic Regressions,Roundtable,"This is a study of internal migration within the United States. Its central research questions are: (1) How do migration likelihoods differ by demographic groups? and (2) How should migration researchers adjudicate between the two methods of multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analyses and logistic regressions? Using the 2011 American Community Survey, I conduct a series of multi-group Confirmatory Factor Analyses to measure respondents’ likelihood of migration, and compare these results to logistic regressions. Respondents are organized by geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic predictors. While my first research question pertains to respondents’ mobility based on their demographic groups, I also address the conversation of which statistical methods are appropriate for measuring migration likelihoods. The empirical results indicate that those with children present, minorities, and females are less likely to move. College graduates and those living in the South are more likely to move, and earning an above-median income has mixed results with migration likelihoods. While establishing adequate model fit was not an issue for my models, confirming factorial invariance was more challenging. For that reason, logistic regressions may be better-suited for studying migration likelihoods. The implications of these findings, the limitations of this project, and directions for future research are discussed."
720632,"Brock Ternes, University of Kansas","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Is the High Plains Aquifer being Conserved Domestically? A Study of Water Usage among Kansans,Roundtable,"This dissertation examines water conservation and reliance on well water among Kansans. I survey and interview domestic well users, those who rely on municipal water sources, and those who have access to both domestic wells and municipal water across the state. Well users whose wells draw from the Ogallala, Great Bend Prairie, and Equus Beds Aquifers are a primary focus of this study. My central research questions are: (1) Do constructs of water conservation differ between well users and non-well users?; (2) How is domestic water usage contributing to groundwater depletion in Kansas?; (3) What can survey research reveal about the demographics of well users?; and (4) What are the most accurate ways to model domestic water conservation? This study is important because it will measure if well users view and consume water differently from non-well users. Well users also constitute a subpopulation that has not been well-studied in the social sciences, and this project offers a sense of their demographics, behaviors, and attitudes. My dissertation’s significance also lies in its emphasis on how domestic wells are being used. Specifically, surveying domestic well owners whose wells draw water from the High Plains Aquifer will provide researchers and policymakers a more accurate sense of the Aquifer’s decline. Research on the depletion of the High Plains Aquifer is mainly focused on irrigation withdrawals, but domestic water usage will be an increasingly important variable when researching the future of groundwater availability across the state."
720640,"Angel Rebecca Hoekstra, University of Colorado-Boulder; Doug Duncan, University of Colorado-Boulder; Bethnay R Wilcox, University of Colorado-Boulder","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,Implications of New Media: Effects of Digital Devices for Student Performance,Roundtable,"A recent increase in contemporary students’ use of digital devices (e.g., laptops, iPads, smart phones) has generated concern by faculty and staff about how technologies may affect student performance. A multi-year project by an interdisciplinary research team at a large public university, this study presents the first quantitative evidence of how students’ in-class use of digital devices affects learning outcomes. Specifically, this work focuses on the nexus between technologies designed to engage (e.g., clickers) and others that can result in disengagement (e.g., cell phones). Should we be asking students to turn off their cell phones in class?"
720641,"Amy Lynn Klassen, University of Toronto","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Section on Sociology of Mental Health Paper Session. Law, Crime and Mental Illness",Spinning the Revolving Door: The Governance of Resistant Psychiatric Subjects on Community Treatment Orders,Section,"This paper examines the discourse surrounding the enactment of community treatment orders (CTOs) in Alberta, Canada to illustrate how the civil law is used to constitute and govern psychiatric patients in the community. This paper focuses on four themes: rationality, harm, competence, and choice. I argue that the logic of CTOs constitutes the psychiatric patient as a fractured subject who is simultaneously competent/incompetent and at risk/risky. These paradoxical characterizations highlight how depictions of rationality, choice, and the perceived competence to make responsible choices are contingent on consenting to a pharmacological regime designed to normalize psychiatric patients.  This narrow construction of competence and agency eliminates opportunities for rationally informed types of resistance and promotes hospitalization as the only way to manage harmful, risky, and resistant individuals. I contend that CTOs are a flawed instrument of regulation that cannot effectively manage ‘legally’ competent but resistant individuals in the community and as such it continues to spin the revolving door rather than close it."
720643,"Russell Frank Ferri, New York University; Jo Dixon, New York University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Paper Session. Ties between Local and Global: Negotiating the Role of International Organizations,Coalition Ties Between NGOs and INGOs in the Global Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Movement,Section,"Recently scholars have begun to investigate the factors that explain NGO ties to INGOs in global social movements.  With originally collected data on the political and organizational contexts of 93 NGOs in the global sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) social movement, we use multiple regression to examine the effects that NGO political contexts related to domestic politics and integration into the world system, and organizational contexts related to NGO goals, and NGO strategies have on the number of NGO ties with INGOs in the global SOGI movement.  We find that the number of NGO ties to INGOs is not related to domestic state repression generally, nor legal repression of sexual minorities specifically, but is related to a state's integration into the international human rights system. In addition, we find that some organizational contexts are more important than others.  NGO goals are not related to transnational alliance formation with INGOs. Moreover, the number of NGO ties to INGOs increases when NGO strategies are constituency services or international advocacy and have no relationship to ties to when the NGO strategies involve national advocacy."
720647,"Sharon S. Oselin, University of California-Riverside","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Constructing Notions of Success when Resisting Violence: The Case of Street Prostitutes,Roundtable,"Numerous studies examine the range of precautionary strategies women use to counter physical and sexual assaults at the hands of men, highlighting which ones are more effective in actually thwarting attacks. Female street prostitutes are a population who experience extraordinarily high rates of violence stemming from their work, and also implement various strategies to offset it. However, when it comes to this population, little is known about their perceptions of success with these tactics. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 25 female street prostitutes in Detroit, Michigan, we analyze the various ways women resist street-based violence, the factors that impact their perceptions of strategy effectiveness, and the implications of these views. We find that one’s heightened sense of control over encounters, ability to draw on informal social relationships, and enhancement of skill set elevate her notions of tactical success."
720655,"Emily Horowitz, St. Francis College","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Children and Youth Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Missing the Child Abuse Story: How the Popular Media Promotes Fear and Fails to Protect Children,Roundtable,"The popular American media has always covered the child abuse “story” as a bifurcated tale the bad adults who hate children and the good ones who love (and save) them. The realities of child abuse are far more complex, and, for the past four decades, research shows that the link between child abuse and poverty is pervasive and entrenched. Nevertheless, the popular media continues to tell horror stories about child abusers, in ways that promote fear and panic about child safety, emphasizing the need for increasing penalties and punishment for abusers, and ignoring the profound research and data showing that increasing funding and support for social services are a less expensive and more effective way to protect children. This paper places the popular American media “story” about child abuse in an historical context, showing how the origins of our child protection policies are rooted in an ideology of personal responsibility which views child maltreatment as a form of bad individual character. Additionally, this paper highlights the way popular media coverage of the child abuse story further supports this ideology, by promoting irrational fears rather than the sober (and more mundane) facts about the true causes of most child abuse."
720657,"Emily Horowitz, St. Francis College","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Hundreds of Sex Offenders or Predators Living among Us: Myths and Realities about Sex Offenders,Roundtable,"This paper explores how sex offender laws, and registries in particular, fail to increase public safety, and harm children and adults by making us fearful and neurotic. Sex offender registries have been increasing throughout the U.S. since they were first enacted in 1994, and today there are over 700,000 individuals on sex offender registries.  In 2003, the Supreme Court upheld the right to maintain public registries and allows states to post the names, photographs and addresses of sex offenders online. Sex offenders possess a peculiar place in the American imagination, and as well as the American criminal justice system. No group of offenders is as vilified or reviled or subject to as many post-punishment restrictions. The idea behind sex offender laws is that strictly monitoring, often for life, anyone with a conviction for a sex offense will keep children safe. Most (66%) sex offenses involve victims who are minors, so there is a rationale behind the view that sex offender laws are justified because of child safety concerns. The main problem with the logic of sex offender laws is that the vast majority (over 85%) cases of sexual assault involve a family member or acquaintance of the victim, and this number is even higher (93%) when the victim is a child.   Thus, public registries don’t do much to curb sex offenses against children, because stranger danger is not the primary cause, or even a statistically significant one, when it comes to these crimes."
720658,"Katrin B. Anacker, George Mason University; Kristen B. Crossney, West Chester University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Housing/Housing Policy,Exploring Seriously Delinquent Mortgages in the Context of Gender and Familial Status in the Philadelphia MSA,Regular,"While race and ethnicity have been analyzed often in the recent literature on the national foreclosure crisis, there has been little focus on gender and familial status in studies that focus on seriously delinquent mortgages. Merging data sets from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Census, we examine differences in the proportion of mortgages that are seriously delinquent at the Census tract level in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Division. We find that Census tracts with a high proportion of single female borrowers have relatively high proportions of seriously delinquent mortgages, controlling for many other factors."
720661,"Hilary Holbrow, Cornell University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Labor Market Deviance and Access to Job Search Assistance: An Example from Japan,Roundtable,"Who receives job search assistance from friends and acquaintances and who does not? Previous research on this form of social capital has focused primarily on how social networks shape access to assistance. However, several recent studies on information holders—network members who have information about jobs and the opportunity to assist job seekers—have illustrated the limits of a narrow focus on network endowments. The information holder studies demonstrate that people who have information about jobs withhold their assistance from friends and acquaintances with surprising frequency, particularly when providing assistance would put their reputation or economic well-being at risk. This paper is the first to use this finding to predict job seekers’ access to assistance. Because job seekers who violate labor market norms are the most likely to reflect poorly on information holders, I predict that deviant job seekers should receive less assistance than conformists. Using a sample of employed Japanese males from the Working Persons Survey 2000, I test this prediction on two types of labor market deviants. I find reduced access to assistance for deviants compared to conformists, which cannot be explained by different job search methods, networks, or quality of jobs available through informal or formal routes.  This finding demonstrates the importance of social norms in explaining assistance flows, and carries implications for theories of labor market inequality."
720669,"Ann Irene Brooks, Plymouth University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Waitress-Mom War:  Patterns of Gender Inequality During and After the Great Recession,Roundtable,"An analysis of the US labor market since the collapse of the US economy in 2007 by Autor et al., (2010) entitled The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market, provides a clear picture of a range of structural factors impacting on the labour market and job opportunities for women in the US, both before and after ‘The Great Recession’. This paper engages with these debates and considers institutional and organizational patterns of gender inequality and barriers facing women, as well as attempts by the GOP in its ‘War on Women’ to reinforce and solidify such barriers including issues of: reproductive rights and access to health care for women including abortion and contraception; equal pay; and violence against women including domestic violence. These issues are discussed in a broader contextualization of patterns of inequalities in the US around a number of areas. These include: equal pay and the position of women in the labour market; inequalities in the representation of women in senior positions in corporate and political life; gender and educational attainment and its relationship to occupational attainment; the position of single vis a vis married women; violence against women; and women’s position in relation to marriage and parenthood. There are still clear divisions between women in terms of class, ethnicity and race. In addition, the United States is not just divided politically between the parties but also divided between the majority of white women, African-American and Hispanic women in terms of access and opportunities."
720687,"Joel P. Stillerman, Grand Valley State University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Paper Session. A Question of Scale: Where and How to Mobilize Worker Rights,"Space, Opportunities and Labor Protest Across Political Regimes: Chilean Metalworkers’ Mobilization, 1945-2011",Section,"Students of contentious politics have recently focused how opportunity and threat shape social protest in the Global South.  Additionally, researchers have considered how space, place, and scale shape collective action.  This paper integrates these two approaches to understand four strikes among metalworkers in Chile.  I first consider the conditions under which opportunity and threat can facilitate or constrain labor protest. Using Lefebvre’s conception of the production of space (1991), and Brenner’s (2004) notion of state spaces, I examine how changes in the spatial structure of capital and government in Chile affected labor mobilization.  I integrate these concepts with the ideas of spatial routines, time-distance costs, safe spaces, and sense of place (Tilly 2000).  Drawing on 100 oral histories, participant observation, and documentary evidence, I argue that under Chile’s democratic-Keynesian state space (1939-1973), the concentration of factories, housing, and union infrastructure in Santiago, the country’s capital, facilitated the creation of a sense of place among workers and provided political allies, facilitating successful labor mobilization.  Under authoritarian-neoliberal state space (1973-1990), political repression as well as industrial, state, and housing decentralization and fragmentation eroded the sense of place, eliminated labor’s political allies, and decreased labor’s mobilization capacity.  Under democratic-neoliberal state space, the legacies of fragmentation continued though a political opening led workers to “jump scale” (Miller 2000).  The political conjunctures for each strike shaped labor’s and capital’s spatial strategies.  These findings have broad implications for the evolution of social protest over short- and long-term changes in the spatial configuration of economy and state."
720688,"Alyssa C Haney, St. Edward's University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Implementing a Sexual Education Program in Uruguay: Idea and Reality,Roundtable,"Societies frequently look to public education to affect social change. Educational policies are often designed and implemented with the intention of shaping education to, in turn, shape citizens. However, education research is finding more and more that context drastically impacts a policy’s potential.  This was found to be true in the case of Uruguay’s sexual education policy. This thesis explores the development of this policy in Uruguay from the historical events that encouraged its creation, to the designing and implementation of the policy, to a micro example in a Montevideo high school. In this high school, a literature curriculum was designed to address the issue of violence against women with students; however, due to severe obstacles created by the crippling poverty experienced by the school, the program eventually dissolved. Through studying this micro-level context for policy implementation, it was found that poverty affects communities at all levels, specifically in increasing instances of violence and social disorganization in public schools. Therefore, as both violence and disorganization are consequences of the same problem, attempting to address one (violence) through another (disorganized schools) is not successful, and it is concluded that the poverty experienced by the community must first be addressed before the school can be relied on so heavily. Education policy cannot expect a school to affect change without first providing the school with the necessary resources and environment."
720690,"Kelsy Burke, St. Norbert College","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Section on Body and Embodiment Paper Session. Power, Pleasure, and Sexuality in Embodied Relations","Bodies of Christ: Women, Sexual Pleasure, and (What Looks Like) Feminism in Evangelical Christianity",Section,"In recent decades, both mainstream and evangelical culture have popularized the topic of women’s sexual pleasure—vibrators, for example, are sold in chain pharmacies like Walgreens and are also discussed in most contemporary best-selling evangelical sex advice books. Drawing on data from these books and from users of Christian sexuality websites, I analyze how evangelicals navigate sex within seemingly incompatible terrains: “sexually saturated” secular culture and conservative evangelical theology. I contend that evangelical women draw from feminist ideas about sexual entitlement to sexualize their own bodies, while at the same time limiting how women may interpret this pleasure. Women’s stories suggest that women’s bodies and the pleasure they experience are deeply connected to others—God and their husbands—and that they must balance their own needs with selfless acts that prioritize their marital relationships and family. This maintains gender imbalances between men and women and restricts women’s sexual expressions."
720693,"Malte Reichelt, Institute for Employment Research","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Labor and Inequality",Functional Inequality: Task Specific Transitions from Temporary Employment,Section,"Temporary employment contracts can serve as a bridge into permanent employment or become a trap that leads into unemployment. I argue that the function of temporary employment varies with task specificity and affects transition durations into permanent employment and unemployment. Analysing retrospective survey data for Germany (ALWA) using multilevel event-history models, I show that a bridge into permanent employment most likely arises for medium-skill work. By contrast, the risk of a transition into unemployment is highest for employees performing low-skill tasks but also dependent on the local employment environment. Only high-skill jobs seem to be unaffected by reduced local labor demand. The results indicate that debates concerning the function and consequences of temporary work must consider occupational characteristics. The selective distribution of transition probabilities and unemployment risks generates inequalities and increases the risk of labor market segmentation as skill-biased technological change shifts employees towards low and high skill tasks."
720708,"Martie Gillen, University of Florida","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Teaching and Learning in Sociology Paper Session. Capstones, Culminating Experiences, and Senior Seminars: Meaningful Teaching Ideas that Help Students Put It All Together",Using the Pre-Health Collection to Enhance Your Resources for Teaching Sociology,Section,"The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has recently redefined its understanding of the expectations of students pursuing medical degrees.  This has resulted in a revision of the MCAT and a vision of a recommended undergraduate curriculum based on pre-health competencies.  Pre-Health iCollaborative is a new project established by the AAMC to provide a free online, searchable collection of instructional resources to support undergraduate faculty of all science disciplines who work with students preparing for careers in health professions.  Teaching resources, effective practices, and strategies for including pre-health competencies into existing courses will be made available to faculty at all institutions.  Sample materials can be found at www.mededportal.org/icollaborative/pre-health.  In this presentation, the status of the project will be described, with a focus on how educators can contribute to the success of this project and benefit from the shared instructional resources."
720709,"Michelle Pannor Silver, University of Toronto","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Online Health Information Seeking among Older Adults and Barriers to Communication,Roundtable,"The Internet has become an important resource for health information.  However, scholarly research has pointed to a number of potential problems associated with online health information seeking (OHIS), particularly for older adults.  This qualitative evaluation explored the perspectives of a sample of adults 50 years old and over from Toronto, Canada to 1) identify their concerns, 2) compare differences between respondents who talked with doctors about OHIS and those who did not and 3) to examine barriers to communication.  Analyses of semi-structured interviews indicated that respondents who communicated with their doctor about OHIS were able to identify a wider range of potential problems compared to respondents who did not communicate with their doctors about their OHIS.  The largest proportion of responses among participants who communicated with their doctors related to the concern that online health searches can be problematic due to mistaken information, while non-communicators had the highest proportion of responses indicating that OHIS can stir up conflict.  Four themes emerged as barriers to communication among respondents who did not talk with their doctors about OHIS: Lack of thorough understanding of online information creates doubt and possible embarrassment, The doctor doesn’t want to hear about it, If it matters I just do it, and I forget to bring it up.  Findings highlight the perspective of a sample of older adults on potential problems associated with using the Internet for health-related information and suggest that doctors to ought to engage older patients in conversations about OHIS."
720721,"Robert Hideo Mamada, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Mathematical Sociology,A Mathematical Analysis of the Potential Function Method of Cooperative Relationships,Regular,"This paper analyzes the emergence of cooperative relationships under competitions. Many times, competitions are “zero-sum”; i.e., if he or she gets a reward, then I will less likely get a reward. Hence, cooperation under zero-sum does not seem to be possible. But, by using potential game theory, this paper argues that, contrary to our intuition, cooperative relationships can emerge under certain zero-sum situations. Moreover, our analysis suggests competitions do encourage the emergence of some local cooperative networks. On the other hand, if there is no competition, contrary to our intuition, cooperative relationships do not likely emerge because one’s own utility function and the positive externalities of the network cannot establish a stable equilibrium. Even if a cooperative relationship emerges, it is unstable and does not last for the long run. Hence, this paper suggests competitions are necessary ingredients for the emergence of stable cooperative relationships.      In addition, this paper proposes a further extension of potential game approach by integrating the Exponential Random Graph Model. By doing this, we may be able to develop a reliable predictive model of the emergence of certain cooperative networks."
720722,"Stella Min, University of Colorado-Denver","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Student Forum Roundtable Session.,The Relationship Between Student Loan Debt and Fertility Among Female College Graduates,Roundtable,"This study uses the data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) cohort to examine the role of educational loans on fertility behavior among college-educated women. The relationship between student loan debt and fertility among female college graduates is explored by employing event history analysis methods to model the impact of the time varying measures of age and debt on first birth. This study reveals those with student loan debt are more likely to have a nonmarital birth than those without educational loans. Surprisingly, this study also reveals that student loan debt among married women also increases their probability of birth. The results provide a foundation for deeper investigation into the heterogeneity that exists among college-educated women in terms of their family formation behaviors."
720731,"Kathryn Goldman Schuyler, Alliant International University and Coherent Change Consulting; John Eric Baugher, University of Southern Maine","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Informal Discussion Roundtables,"Sociological Mindfulness and Altruism: The Interdependence of Presence, Praxis, and Societal Change",Informal,"How does your personal state impact your capacity to contribute meaningfully to societal change?   Mindfulness and other contemplative practices have been spreading around the world, studied for reasons ranging from the desire to become a more compassionate human being to simply managing stress better.  The discussion leaders are sociologists who have practiced mindfulness in several traditions, published on its relevance for leaders and work, and explored questions about the interdependence of personal spiritual practice, the promotion of social justice, and societal change.  This discussion will be grounded in their experience with mindfulness and presencing as practices and broad views of life.  We will investigate what they are, how they contribute to altruism, and how they are relevant for sociological learning and social change.  Depending on the interests of those present, we may emphasize our experience and do some experiential learning or will focus in on some of the valuable texts that exist.  Expect to meet others who share these interests and to have a lively, far-ranging conversation."
720733,"A.J. Jacobs, East Carolina University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Semiperiphery, or Perimeter of the Periphery? Auto FDI and Slovakia’s Bratislava-Zilina Corridor",Roundtable,"Since the fall of State Socialism, the world’s largest automakers have established 13 automobile assembly plants in Central Europe. This began in the early 1990s, with Fiat in Poland, Suzuki in Hungary, and Volkswagen in Czechia. The central location of these nations and their skilled, relatively inexpensive labor force made them prime production bases for the export of vehicles to both developed Europe. Although Slovakia missed much of the 1990s boom, it has since flourished, and in 2012 had the highest vehicle output per capita of any country in the world. Melding World Systems Theory with current research on the auto industry in the CE, and utilizing a case study of the Bratislava-Zilina Corridor, this article examines whether or not Automotive Industry related foreign direct invest (i.e., auto FDI) has served to advance Slovakia’s structural position in the globe’s industrial division of labor from periphery to semiperiphery. It contends that while auto FDI has transformed Slovakia’s Bratislava-Zilina Corridor into a major vehicle production zone, and has significantly increased Slovakia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income per capita, the resulting over-dependence on the highly cyclical and ultra-mobile automotive industry has left the region and nation extremely vulnerable to global economic swings. It therefore concludes that although its GDP and income levels suggest that it may be considered a semiperiphery nation, Slovakia’s actual position in the world’s industrial division of labor more closely resembles what Arrighi and Drangel (1986) labeled, the ‘perimeter of the periphery.’"
720736,"Rengin Bahar Firat, University of Lyon; Steven Hitlin, University of Iowa","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Peace and Conflict,"Moral Schemas, Cultural Conflict, and Socio-Political Action",Regular,"Sacred moral values underlie group differences and motivate social movements, especially in times of cultural conflict. However, established models rarely consider values’ diffusion and influence on political activity, in part due to a lack of engagement with the role of culture and social identities in shaping moral values, collective beliefs, and social movements. As such, current literature lacks proper tools for understanding social unrest and stability. This paper develops an interdisciplinary project to address this gap by investigating the interplay of social and mental mechanisms for the formation and modification of moral values within a cross-cultural perspective. We discuss a cross-cultural empirical strategy combining social scientific survey methodology with neuroscientific brain imaging techniques to reveal the role of values in social mobilization. We propose a two-phase methodology that collects large-scale survey data from the U.S. and Turkey to identify important value dimensions for each culture (Phase 1), and then obtains neurological and behavioral data while people respond (partnered with people who share or violate those values) to cultural conflict scenarios threatening these important values in a functional Magnetic Resonance Scanner (Phase 2). Our interdisciplinary empirical approach will (a) reveal how moral values anchored in group identities trigger socio-political action (e.g., violent, non-violent) in cultural conflict situations, (b) explicate the subtle mental processes that contribute to socio-political action ranging from passive support to active mobilization by specifying involved brain activity, and (c) assess inter and intra-cultural variability in the content of moral values in the face of social influence."
720739,"LIVIU CATALIN MARA, University of Barcelona","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Human Rights Paper Session. Human Rights, Social Policy, and the State",Social Innovations in Housing Policy in Spain,Section,"The context of this research is the economic and financial crisis that has had the effect of exponentially increasing unemployment and evictions across the country. The general objective is to analyze the impact of social movements on innovation based on scientifically validated successful actions, in public housing policy in Spain, since the beginning of the crisis (2008) to the present. The first specific objective is to review the scientific literature in order to find successful actions at the international level in the fight against the loss of housing that have allowed more people, belonging to the most disadvantaged social groups, to have adequate housing. The second and final specific objective is to identify if there is a presence of some of these successful actions in the field of housing in the context of Barcelona, where I place this research, and how social movements have influenced the implementation of these initiatives. The results show that there has been a change in housing policy and social movements have contributed substantially to this change through innovative solutions and social pressure towards the Spanish political system. The innovation introduced by the social movements are at the individual level (processes of financial literacy, empowerment, deliberation and participation) and at the civil society level (collective action, collaboration with organization promoting new models of housing, such as cooperatives). These innovations have open a new path for the future development of the housing policy in Spain and has strengthen Spanish civil society."
720758,"Katherine M. Johnson, Tulane University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Families that Challenge and are Challenged by Our Times,"Single, Straight, Wants Kids: The Emergence of Intentional Single Fatherhood",Section,"The new reproductive technologies (NRTs) such as in-vitro fertilization, egg donation, and gestational surrogacy have made possible various postmodern family forms. Here I highlight another emerging family form that has received little attention from sociologists: single fathers by choice (SFCs). This demographically small, but growing, family form is created by single men—both gay and straight—who become fathers with the assistance of egg donors and surrogates. Here, I focus more specifically on heterosexual men who choose single fatherhood. This raises several important questions for gender and family studies scholars: How are these families viewed relative to other family forms--especially the ideologically dominant “traditional” family? Where do SFCs fit in terms of existing cultural types of masculinity and fatherhood? How do we culturally understand heterosexual men’s desires for children and fatherhood without a female partner? I analyze media framing of intentional single fatherhood to explore cultural sense-making of this family form. I identify three core themes or frame sets used: 1) viewing men and women as similar, but ultimately different, 2) addressing the tension between bachelorhood and fatherhood, and 3) representing the gender of paternal desire in multiple and conflicting ways within and across different time periods of media coverage. Overall, I argue that further investigations of intentional single fatherhood can help us explore issues about the changing norms and practices of men as fathers."
720761,"Nan E. Johnson, Michigan State University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Disability and Society Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Hearing Loss, Romance, and Marriage on the Screen",Roundtable,"HEARING LOSS, ROMANCE, AND MARRIAGE ON THE SCREEN ABSTRACT      I analyze 98 couples for whom at least one member has a significant hearing disability, as portrayed in cinema films, TV programs, or DVDs. Homosexual and heterosexual relationships are represented. The shows were first released in the US by big Hollywood producers, independent film makers, or foreign film makers over a period of 80 years (1932 - 2012) that marked a huge cultural shift in the organization of the American family and the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act. Thus, the data set offers a unique opportunity to examine constancy and change in the cultural images of hearing disability within intimate relationships. The shows influence not only the stigma against significant hearing loss but also the public health laws that shape the daily lives of couples who must deal with this source of physical disability. 	I use NVivo 9.0 software to code the demographic characteristics of the 98 Study Couples and then describe them quantitatively. I use qualitative analysis to identify old persistent and new emerging images of significant hearing loss over the 80 years. I end with a discussion on whether the images of hearing loss on screen have moved a “cinema of isolation” toward a “cinema of liberation.”"
720766,"Joseph C. Hermanowicz, University of Georgia","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Post-Self in Science,Roundtable,"Achievement is paradigmatically central to science: knowledge exists only after it has been socially certified by others in a field.  Scientists therefore operate as a prime means by which people in a field are judged to have influence through their work.  This study examines the construction of the “post-self” in science, understood as the ways by which scientists desire to be remembered by those who, both formally and informally, evaluate their contributions.  It is found that the post-self in science is highly delimited in content and meaning, but patterns of the post-self vary by where scientists work, their age, and the level of their success.  While achievement in science is purportedly paramount, very few scientists are great achievers.  Consequently, memory of the self is rendered problematic in the absence of scientific influence. The discussion reveals how scientists reconcile this paradox.  It explores two predominant ways in which scientists create a post-self: one in which achievement works on a scientist’s behalf, and another in which it does not.  While the two ways to a post-self are believed to be at odds, each also is cast as superior, and thereby operates to socially secure a place in science."
720780,"Alexis S. McCurn, California State University-Dominguez Hills","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Race, Class, and Gender 2",Grinding: Black Women and Survival in the Inner City,Regular,"Nearly two years of field research among adolescents and adults in the Central East neighborhood of Oakland, California provides an ethnographic account of how young Black women accomplish the routine tasks necessary for basic survival in poor inner city neighborhoods. Previous studies have explored the experiences of African American men and boys living in disadvantaged communities, whereas this research pays special attention to the experiences of African American women and girls. In particular, few scholars have explored the collective experiences of young women living in the inner city and the innovative strategies they develop to navigate daily life in this setting. This research reveals how young women describe the day-to-day work required to survive and stay safe in poor urban communities as the “grind.” My analysis uncovers the different types of physical and emotional work young women do to negotiate the demands of living in underserved communities regularly exposed to violence. Like young men in the neighborhood women and girls must contend with underemployment, poverty, race and class isolation, and regular exposure to violence. I explain how young Black women and girls are impacted in very specific ways by these key structural shifts and as a result of harsh structural conditions negotiate the daily grind through creative forms of both physical and emotional labor."
720782,"Kyle Irwin, Baylor University; Christine Horne, Washington State University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Rational Choice,"Social Support, Generosity, and Sanctioning: Linking Metanorms and Antisocial Punishment",Regular,"Generous contributions to public goods benefit all group members, yet recent research highlights that generous group members are sometimes sanctioned. In the current work we explore the contribution of metanorms (social support given to sanctioners) to explain such antisocial punishment. In an experiment we manipulate the strength of descriptive norms and whether sanctioning decisions are made publicly (allowing individuals to anticipate the reactions of others) or privately (eliminating metanorms from the individual’s calculus). Results suggest that metanorms have no effect on antisocial punishment in groups with strong norms, but discourage such sanctioning in groups with weak norms. We conclude with implications of the current work and directions for future study."
720785,"Margaret Russell Austin Smith, University of Maryland-College Park","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Teaching Sociology,Reading the Word and the World: Critical Literacy as Community Engagement,Regular,"This paper describes a class project that approaches literacy as a form of community engagement. The project encourages students to question how sociological writing may respond to a community need, how the researcher came to articulate that need, and how he or she gathered evidence to form analyses. Students must then assess what impact the (evidence-based) written word may have on real people’s real lives. Students form their assessments through participation in semester-long reading groups, through semi-structured discussions about the book with family members and friends, and through teaching the class about the social origins and social impacts of their author’s questions and investigations. In short, students must practice critical literacy to build connections with their classmates, their communities, and the texts they study."
720805,"Ran Liu, University of Pennsylvania","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Is the Virtual Becoming Real? Self-Presentation and the Exhibition of Social Circles in Cyberspace,Roundtable,"Cyberspace is believed to have stepped into the era of Web 2.0, which describes a cumulative shift in websites from static webpages to platforms with more interactive features allowing users to contribute, collaborate and communicate. Online self-presentation thus requires a re-examination to trace the changes in shifted situational settings and its influence on online interaction. To help better analyze the characteristics of self-presentation in the Web 2.0 cyberspace, this paper provides a new framework mapping the nature of popular online interaction tools, including emails, Bulletin Boards Services (BBSs), personal blogs and Social Network Sites (SNSs). Based on the theoretical basis by Goffman, Mead and Simmel, two dimensions are discussed to differentiate various virtual platforms: the divergence and convergence of exhibition and communication, and the level of anchorage. Using this approach, a reviewing analysis on empirical findings indicates how SNSs are anchored through exhibition of intersection of social circles. This particular feature of SNSs has been reconstructing cyberspace to be a more familiar nonymous space, leading to a fusion of virtual and real life. As a result, online self-presentation practices are converging with performances in real life, while developing more cautious strategies to avoid the mismatch of different front stages."
720806,"Ciera Alesha Graham, University of Cincinnati","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,African American Student Perceptions of the Black Campus Community at PWI's,Roundtable,"Current sociological research shows both that black college students are confronted with racism on a daily basis on college campuses, and that white educational institutions are ideologically organized around white norms, making them fundamentally white institutional spaces. However, research on how black students navigate this environment and deploy resistance strategies is relatively under developed. To address this gap, this study will explore how black students at a predominately white college perceive the black campus community (i.e. African American student organizations). Extant literature has highlighted how involvement in black campus organizations facilitates black students’ sense of belonging to their own racial group as well as to the larger institution. In this sense, it is useful to think of the black campus community as a space where strategies of resistance can be developed, employed and shared. In order to assess how the black campus community serves as a site of resistance, I conducted ten in-depth face to face interviews with five undergraduate black males and five undergraduate black females at a large predominately white college in the Midwest. This study, while part of a larger dissertation study, presents the results of how gender impacts how black men and women experience the racial climate on campus differently, and how they perceive and use the black campus community in different ways. Results show that there are little differences in how black men and women perceive the black campus community; however, there are differences in how they view the racial climate at predominately white institutions."
720823,"Yangzi Zhao, University of Maryland-College Park","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Rural-Urban Disparity in Translating Human Capital into Economic Reward: A Cross-Sectional Study of China,Roundtable,"The Education Based Meritocracy (EBM) ideology suggests that as long as one’s education attainment level is a pure reflection of his or her demonstrated capability, his or her social-economic status can be correspondently realized on the condition that his or her job market position is determined by the education attainment level. This ideology is accepted by Chinese government and it devotes considerable effort in promoting the higher education opportunities. However, due to the household registration system, there is a rural-urban disparity in terms of resources distribution. Given many rural born students who received their higher education in urban area, the household registration system still limits their opportunity to find a desirable occupation when competing with their urban counterparts. To understand what makes it more difficulty for rural born students to get an equally good job compared to the urban born students, I argue that the lack of social capital prevents rural born students to smoothly translate their human capital into economic success. In this study, I use 2008 Chinese General Social Survey to conduct a cross-sectional study. The result suggests that there is a penalty for being rural born students who have received higher education. Receiving helps during the job application process have will help the rural born students in a more significant way compared to their urban born counterparts."
720831,"Minle Xu, University of Texas-Austin; Patricia A. Thomas, University of Texas-Austin; Debra Umberson, University of Texas-Austin","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,The Effects of Marital Quality on Cognitive Decline among Older Adults,Roundtable,"Identifying factors that decelerate or delay cognitive decline in the elderly has become a major public health objective. Given the importance of marital relationships for older adults’ health, this study examines whether marital quality affects cognitive decline in later life as well as potential gender differences in the relationship between marital quality and cognitive decline. Lagged latent growth curve models were used to estimate the effects of marital quality on older adults’ cognitive decline using four waves of the Americans’ Changing Lives survey (N=841). Results indicate that higher levels of marital quality are associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline over time. Gender does not moderate the effect of marital quality on cognitive decline. Findings highlight the importance of marital quality for older adults’ cognitive health over time, regardless of gender."
720833,"Babs Grossman-Thompson, University of Colorado-Boulder","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Gendered Narratives of Mobility:  Female Trekking Guides and the Spatial Dimensions of Social Change in Nepal,Roundtable,"This article considers the gendered processes of social changes through an ethnographic case-study of female trekking guides in Nepal. Female trekking guides are uniquely positioned to discuss gender, modernity and space in Nepal because of the particularly public nature of their work, which places them on the front lines of the state’s vast modernity projects. Since the mid 1950’s, ‘development’ has been the primary, if not singular, discourse emanating from the Nepali state. Although equally inculcated in the discourse of modernity, women have yet to equally benefit from development projects.  In particular, women's participation in the public spheres of education, wage-labor and political activism remain nascent.  However, in the last 20 years massive social upheaval has shifted opportunity structures for women, creating a sense of disease as to what the 'place' of women in modern Nepal should be. In this context, female trekking guides re-appropriate the state discourse of modernity for their own use by mobilizing the promises of development in their everyday language. By employing the state sanctioned language of modernity and development, informants re-author themselves as the subjects of modernity rather that the recipients of development efforts."
720841,"Jeffrey Adrian Gardner, University of Georgia; Patricia Richards, University of Georgia","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Imagining Borders: Understanding Maya-Mam Collective Identification in Relational Contexts,Roundtable,"Many indigenous peoples in Latin America span state borders, which are imposed over what were initially territories that belonged to the indigenous. However, little research has addressed how indigenous ""cross-border nations"" (Warren 2013) identify in relation to state borders. How do indigenous peoples who span state borders construct and negotiate their collective identities in relation to those borders? This paper addresses this issue by analyzing how the Mam, an indigenous people divided by the Guatemala-Mexico border, identify collectively. In particular, we focus on when and how Mam in Guatemala discursively tie themselves to Mam in Mexico. While collective identities are often understood as ascribed and relatively static, our analysis shows how collective identification is in fact continually constructed, both in micro-social contexts and in relation to different geographies."
720843,"Jennifer L. Pierce, University of Minnesota","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Paper Session. Gender and Economic Inequality,Working in the Ivory Basement: Precarious Employment for University Staff Under Neoliberal Reform,Section,"This paper brings a feminist perspective to theories of the corporate university by examining how processes of financialization in a public university took away what Kallenberg calls “good jobs” from university staff and replaced them “bad jobs.” As the oral histories with university staff show, the new corporate regime took away job security, regular working hours, overtime pay, and long-term financial security. In short, with financialization their employment and long-term future has become precarious.  While financialization in the contemporary context is often associated with debt, I reframe this thinking, by arguing that we conceptualize financialization as theft.  I emphasize the term theft for two reasons.  First, this is how most of the clerical workers I interviewed talk about financialization; they emphasize what the University risky financial practices have stolen from them.  Second, debt carries with it the connotations of conservative social movements.  The Tea Party, for examples blames poor people and recent immigrants for the federal government’s creation of debt. Theft, by contrast, does not blame poor people, but rather underscores what newer financial practices have taken away from the middle class, the working class, and the poor, in a process that bears many similarities to earlier debt crises in the Global South.  In sum, theft highlights structural processes and its consequences that the notion of debt does not."
720844,"Geoff Harkness, Grinnell College","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,Step in the Arena: How Social Class Shapes the Performative Context,Roundtable,"This paper examines how social class shapes the performative context of rap music concerts. Based on six year of ethnography in Chicago’s underground rap scene, I demonstrate how social class divisions within rap subgenres impacts where rap concerts take place and what happens in the spaces where they do. Venues principally dedicated to “conscious” rap tend to be located in central neighborhoods with lower crime rates that are closer to public transportation. Venues that regularly host gangsta rap concerts tend to be located in peripheral neighborhoods with higher crime rates that are further from public transportation. Conscious rap concerts are also more likely to be held in spaces specifically designed for live music, which are more closely aligned with a “pure” performance frame. In pure performances, such as a plays held in theaters, there are clear demarcations between audience and artist, bounded by physical and symbolic conventions such as raised stages, backstage areas, formal seating, and curtains that signal the start and end of the show. In Chicago, the further the venue strays from the pure performance frame, the more likely there were to be disruptions to the conventions of live music performance, including technical difficulties, heckling, conflicts between performer and venue staff, and violence. Based on videotaped data gleaned from more than 500 performances in over 50 Chicago music venues, I demonstrate how these class-based differences shape the dynamics of the city’s underground rap scene."
720845,"Robyn Lewis Brown, DePaul University; Judith A. Richman, University of Illinois-Chicago; Kathleen M. Rospenda, University of Illinois-Chicago","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Sociology of Mental Health Paper Session. The Economy, Work, and Mental Health",Economic Stressors and Alcohol-Related Outcomes: Gender Differences in the Significance of Somatic Complaints,Section,"Objective: Motivated by the recent downturn in the U.S. economy, this study examined the processes linking economic stressors, somatic complaints, and two alcohol-related outcomes (past-month drinking and problematic drinking).  Method: Data were drawn from a mail survey of a national sample of 663 respondents. Structural equation modeling was used to assess whether somatic complaints mediate the associations between economic stressors and the alcohol-related outcomes considered and whether these associations varied by gender.  Results: Controlling for correlations among the outcomes and the effects of the sociodemographic control variables, somatic complaints were found to partly explain the association between economic stressors and problematic drinking. The effects of both economic stressors and somatic complaints on problematic drinking were significantly greater for men than women. However, the effects of economic stressors on somatic complaints were greater for women.  Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the utility of considering interrelationships among alcohol-related outcomes and, in this context, reveal the circumstances in which gender matters most for understanding the associations among economy-related stressors, somatic complaints, and drinking."
720847,"Geoff Harkness, Grinnell College; Rana Khaled, Northwestern University-Qatar","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Middle East and Muslim Societies,Modern Traditionalism: Consanguineous Marriage in Qatar,Regular,"Consanguineous marriage, or matrimony between biological relatives, is commonplace and on the rise in Qatar, an ethnically heterogeneous Middle Eastern country. Previous studies demonstrate that modernization often reduces traditional forms of marriage, such as arranged and consanguineous matrimony. Qatar’s rapid modernization, however, has coincided with increased rates of endogamy. In this article we examine the social processes that shape normative consanguineous marriage formation and progression in Qatar. Based on in-depth interviews (n = 35) with men and women engaged or married to a cousin, we detail the categorical schemas that lead to consanguineous matrimony: reservation, joking, filtering, engagement, and courtship. In describing these social exchanges, we illustrate two key features embedded within them: Their distinct tempo and how participants frame their experiences using discourses of romantic love. Reflecting larger cultural practices and attitudes in Qatar, we find an amalgam of contemporary and conventional that we label modern traditionalism."
720849,"Robert J. Moore, IBM Research - Almaden","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Ethnomethodology and Conversational Analysis Paper Session. Topics and Methods in EMCA Studies of Work (one-hour),What can Automated Transcription Offer Conversation Analysts Today?,Section,"Advances in recording and digital technology, beginning with consumer compact cassette recorder, have been critical to the practice of Conversation Analysis. This paper examines the potential of current Automatic Speech Recognition technology for use in Conversation Analysis. Results of three exercises in working with output of IBM's Attila transcription server are presented. The first compares output from Attila with a classic CA transcript created by Gail Jefferson. The second compares the output from Attila using two different models: one trained on telephone calls, the other on television news broadcasts. And the third explores the use of automated transcripts for the building of collections. The paper concludes that although Attila lacks certain critical capabilities and exhibits varying levels of accuracy, 1) it may still save Conversation Analysts considerable time and effort by providing a first-pass transcript with timed silences for manual editing, and 2) it may be used to scale up collection building for some phenomena by providing a time-based index without any manual transcription."
720854,"Liam Kennedy, University of Toronto","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",He Must Learn What Being A Man Is All About: Masculinities at Angola,Roundtable,"While exceptions exist, much of what has been written about masculinities inside prisons focuses on the pressure to live up to a hypermasculine ideal that privileges aggression, the concealment of vulnerability, and the victimization of weaker inmates. Through a content analysis of The Angolite prison newsmagazine, I explore how prisoners at Angola, Louisiana’s infamous State Penitentiary, negotiate the hypermasculine prison code and conceive of manhood. I find that men at Angola compose love letters and poems to romantic partners, openly discuss their emotions, and describe lasting bonds with their peers. Some prisoners write of their efforts to grow, learn, and better themselves while incarcerated – their determination and resolve on this front serving to demonstrate their strength of character and a particularly type of masculinity. I then discuss the broader implications of this project for the study of masculinities, as well as their connection to crime, deviance, and imprisonment."
720856,"Samuel R. Friedman, National Development and Research Institutes","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Other,Roundtable,"In dialectical analysis, the concept of the “other” is critical, and denotes a relationship in which two concepts or entities are both constitutive of and opposed to each other. Capital and workers can be thought of in this way in a Marxist analysis: Capital comes into existence as the surplus value created by workers; and workers are only workers because they have a job and are paid by capital for providing labor power. This analysis is complicated by considering organizations such as labor unions and/or labor/socialist parties, particularly given analyses that examine the leaderships of such organizations in terms of bureaucratization or cooptation—raising issues of the degree to which these organizations, or their leaderships, become “other” to workers either in reality or in workers’ perceptions. This paper interprets the history and struggles of Los Angeles area freight drivers in Teamsters Local 208 in the 1960s and 1970s in these terms, and also considers how New Jersey and other worker activists and socialists later described their experiences of work in terms of how they described their workplaces, employers and other workers. From this and a brief discussion of workers’ political parties, it concludes by discussion of how dialectical “other” relationships help analysts and activists to understand labor and political processes."
720857,"Peter Vielehr, Vanderbilt University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Social Psychology Roundtable Session (co-sponsored with Section on Sociology of Emotions),Social Support and Social Negativity: Positive and Negative Family Relationships and Health,Roundtable,"Social support is a beneficial social resource linked to improved mental and physical health outcomes. Limited sociological research has examined the effect of social negativity, though several psychologists have linked it to physical and mental health. Using longitudinal data of Miami-Dade County, this paper examines the reciprocal and cross-lagged effects between social support and social negativity, while also predicting self-rated health and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling is used to simultaneously predict multiple dependent variables. The findings indicate that social negativity is detrimental to both health outcomes while social support is beneficial. Further, across time, social support predicts lower negativity at time two and social negativity predicts lower support at time two. The constructs are not reciprocally related at time two. Higher support predicts lower negativity but negativity does not predict support. The results suggest a theoretically complex, yet important, relationship between positive and negative social ties and health."
720859,"Xiaowei Zang, University of Hong Kong","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Middle East and Muslim Societies,"Gender Roles and Ethnic Variation in Educational Attainment in Ürümchi, China",Regular,"Inequalities between Han Chinese and Uyghur Muslims have underscored ethnic conflicts in Xinjiang, China, and have attracted international attention. Using survey data (n = 1,600) on Han Chinese and Uyghur Muslims collected in Ürümchi in Xinjiang, this paper examines why Uyghur Muslims are less educated than Han Chinese in China. Data analysis shows that Han Chinese are more likely than Uyghur Muslims to receive schooling, and the ethnic variation persists holding main background characteristics constant. However, the differences in schooling between Han men and Uyghur men fade away when background characteristics are controlled for, whereas no similar patterns are found among women. Gender roles account for both ethnic parity in schooling between Han men and Uyghur men and ethnic inequality in schooling between Han women and Uyghur women, which underlies the overall Han-Uyghur gap in educational attainment in Ürümchi. Interview data with both Han Chinese and Uyghur Muslims from field work in Ürümchi explain relative gender parity in schooling among Han Chinese and gender inequality in schooling among Uyghur Muslims."
720862,"Yu Guo, University of Maryland-College Park","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,A Critical Review of Journal Special Issues on Intersectionality: A Dialogue Between Intersectionality and Marxism,Roundtable,"In order to find out what is happening in the burgeoning field of intersectionality, I have read and analyzed up to eleven journal special issues that are devoted to the discussion of intersectionality over the past decade. I first point out some features and issues of the intersectional works analyzed here, including 1) the great diversity of the intersectionality discourses and thus the existence of various typologies; and 2) the lack of a rigorous theoretical analysis of class in the intersectional works and the possible remedy. Then I evaluate intersectionality as an “outsider” - given that my intellectual backgrounds are neither in women’s studies nor in racial studies - and identity some problems of the intersectionality discourses from a Marxist perspective. Here I focus on the fact that an intersectional perspective usually starts its inquiry from inequalities, which leads to the fragmentation of social totality. Besides, I also explain why the intersectionality scholars’ discussion of postcolonialism and the North-South issue is inadequate and argue for a more self-reflexive approach. Lastly, to make the dialogue between two theoretical frameworks complete and fair, I ponder upon the question of how a Marxist framework may be improved in order to be able to incorporate the concerns of intersectionality."
720868,"Deborah Baskin, Loyola University-Chicago; Ira Sommers, Loyola University-Chicago","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Trauma, Victimization, and Health (co-sponsored with the Section on Sociology of Mental Health)",The Mental Health Consequences of Exposure to Community Violence Among Serious Adolescent Offenders,Section,"The present study uses longitudinal data to investigate whether differences in exposure to community violence differentiate among serious juvenile offenders in terms of mental health symptomatology for depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and hostility. Group-based modeling and mediation analyses were used to assess the influence of exposure to violence on mental health outcomes.  The results show that the mediating effects of psychosocial maturity, social support, and religiosity were not significant. However, the direct effects of exposure to community violence were significant. Those with either increasing or stable high exposure had higher PTSD symptoms; all but the low exposure group report symptoms of depression; and those with increasing exposure had both significantly more anxiety and hostility than any other group."
720894,"Hadar Aviram, University of California-Hastings College","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Law Paper Session. The Law in Hard Times: Economic Inequality and Law,Cheap on Crime: Recession-Era Politics and the Transformation of American Punishment,Section,"For the first time in 40 years, the U.S. prison population is in decline, states are abolishing the death penalty and legalizing marijuana, and prisons are closing down and being decrowded. In my forthcoming book Cheap on Crime I examine the impact of the financial crisis on American corrections, focusing on the new, cost-centered discourse and the new political coalitions forming around the idea of financial prudence in punishment and corrections. Tracing the ""money story"" up to and since the financial crisis, I discuss the recession's implications for incarceration at the state and local level, the private prison industry, and inter-state relationships; I also highlight the rise of a new perception of inmates, through the lens of cost, prioritizing solutions for the old and infirm inmates. I end with a critical examination of these developments and with predictions as to their durability."
720903,"Roland Verwiebe, University of Vienna; Christoph Reinprecht, University of Vienna; Raimund Haindorfer, University of Vienna; Laura Wiesboeck, University of Vienna","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Meaning and Movement across Transnational Spaces,Job Finding and Labor Market Outcomes of Cross-Border Commuters in the Central European Region,Regular,"Circular labor mobility within the EU has been strongly promoted through several institutional programs since the 1990s. However, so far the given circumstances for participants, especially for European cross-border commuters, have not been investigated in depth. Our paper aims to close this gap by taking the Central European Region (CENTROPE) as an exemplary instance. We investigate job-search strategies and related labor market outcomes of cross-border commuters in the regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary bordering on Austria. Theoretically, we build upon a model developed by Aguilera and Massey on the nexus of social networks, job search methods and related labor market outcomes. Methodologically, we use a brand new longitudinal survey on employment careers of cross-border commuters conducted in 2013 (N=2,550).  Empirically, the focus of our paper lies on two main research questions: What job search methods do cross-border commuters from Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic use in order to find employment in Austria? What are the labor market outcomes of these job search methods in terms of wages? Our results strengthen the hypothesis that human and social capital resources serve as key factors for job finding and successful labor market integration. There are substantial gender differences and differences related to previous occupational status and migration experience in regard to the job searching methods and commuters’ wages in Austria. Overall, our results reflect cross-border commuting as a new form of social practice in Europe, and demonstrate the fundamentally unequal opportunity-structure of CENTROPE as a transnational labor market."
720908,"Kimberly Kay Hoang, Boston College; Elizabeth Long, Rice University; Nehemiah Ankoor, Rice University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Ethnography/Ethnographic Studies 2,"Why is Rogue in Vogue?  Ethnographies on Gangs, Drugs, and Sex Work",Regular,"In recent years, ethnographers from multiple schools have continued to expand these efforts with well circulated ethnographies on race relations (Wacquant 2004), urban poverty (Anderson 2000; Bourgois 1996), and gender relations (Bernstein 2007). Pioneered by Sudhir Venketesh (Venkatesh 2008, 2013) ethnography is beginning to take a different empirical turn, one that embraces a new genre of “rogue” sociology. In this new moment is it important to reflect not only on what it means to be a rogue sociologist, but to think deeply about the methodological and epistemological implications of what it means to get your pants dirty (as Parks would say), or go “rogue” (in the words Venkateh), in dangerous or illicit spaces. Most importantly, however, this paper engages with—and begins to question—the feminist methodological and epistemological frameworks that encourage researchers to be reflexive about their positionality and to write themselves into their texts. This article grapples with some of the complex issues that arise with respect to researchers reflexive positionality in ethnographies that involve going rouge in illicit spaces of gangs, drugs, and sex work."
720912,"Aliya Hamid Rao, University of Pennsylvania","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Gender,The Gendered Costs of Conversion: The Case of Polygyny for Men and Women Converts to Islam,Regular,"Research on religious conversions has conceptualized costs of conversion to be rooted primarily in social networks. Similarly, most research on religious conversion has analyzed post-conversion experiences of men and women without attention to how these experiences themselves may be gendered. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data on African American men and women converts to Islam I use the case of polygyny to demonstrate how religious conversion is a costlier experiences for women than for men. While both men and women converts accept that polygyny is religiously sanctioned, women struggle to fully accept it as a personal reality, while men do not. Both men and women use a religiously rooted framework of rights and obligations in their discussion of polygyny, but women use it to highlight how men are quick to take up their right to polygyny without fulfilling the commensurate obligations, while men highlight how the obligations actually make polygyny beneficial for women. Women frequently undergo lonely conversion experiences where they are embarrassed to admit to their non-Muslim friends and family that they are in a polygynous marriage, thereby isolating themselves from potential sources of support. Men proudly proclaim their practice of polygyny. My findings point to the need for re-conceptualizing the costs of religious conversion, keeping sex and gender at the core."
720917,"Reed Geertsen, Utah State University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,A Critical Thinking Approach to Medical Hard Times,Roundtable,"Medical hard times strike many individuals sometime during their lifetime.  One of the most challenging “hard times” is a diagnosis rendered by one’s physician often expressed in the following words: “You have ____ months to live!”  Many individuals accept this assertion at face value and die on schedule, thus becoming “self-fulfilling prophecies” in response to what may be an overly pessimistic forecast. Successful students learn a variety of critical thinking skills while attending college.  One important set of skills is imbedded in a process called critical judging.  This type of critical thinking begins with: 1) Identifying some claim or assertion for scrutiny.  This is followed by: 2) assessing the evidence supporting the claim, and: 3) determining the strength or conclusiveness of the argument backing up the claim.  Finally, the critical judger pays attention to the source of the claim.  This involves: 4) ascertaining any underlying assumptions or suppositions that may bias the claim.  Critical judging has important implications for interpreting and, perhaps, defying a death forecast. Regardless of how taught, the use of these skills becomes situated in work or other post-education settings.  Individuals who regularly use their skills in particular settings often become blinded to their potential use in other less familiar settings. This proposed roundtable presentation/discussion will address the question: “How would a critically thinking person apply critically judging skills to a medical death forecast?”  It will also address teaching extrapolation skills to minimize potential blinders."
720920,"Danielle Jeanne Lindemann, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers; Carly Ann Rush, Vanderbilt University; Steven J. Tepper, Vanderbilt University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Gendered Work and the Wage Gap,An Asymmetrical Portrait: Exploring Gendered Income Inequality in the Arts,Regular,"While a large body of work has focused on gendered income inequalities in other fields, virtually no literature has explored this phenomenon within artistic careers.  Yet, due to their historical emphases on flexibility, femininity, and egalitarianism, the arts represent a strategic research site through which we can assess gendered outcomes in the labor market more generally.  We use the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP)—a nationwide survey of 33,801 individuals who have received degrees in the arts—to assess the gendered earnings gap for artists and for non-artists.  We find that the gendered earnings gap is smaller for artists than for non-artists, though artistic careers are subject to some of the same social forces that drive disparity in other occupational realms.  Yet in other ways, particularly as relates to family-level factors, gender “works” differently in the arts.  Broader implications for scholarship on gender and work, as well as suggestions for further research and policy, are discussed."
720921,"David D. Jaffee, University of North Florida","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Paper Session. Work and Workers Across Global Value Chains,Draying and Picking: Precarious Labor in the Logistics Supply Chain,Section,"Recent research on labor market conditions and dynamics in the United States point to a rise in “precarious work”.  It tends to be characterized by low wages, unstable work arrangements, temporary employment relationships, underemployment, economic insecurity, and an absence of employer provided benefits.   As the United States, under neo-liberalism, has restructured the organization of economic production nationally and globally, certain sectors and industries have expanded. One of these is transportation and logistics, functioning to move and distribute the goods now produced abroad into US consumer markets. This paper highlights two industries in this sector – drayage trucking and warehouse/distribution centers (W/DCs) – and the conditions that have contributed to the expansion of precarious work.  The paper concludes with recent actions taken to improve conditions for workers in this sector."
720925,"Gianmarco Savio, State University of New York-Stony Brook","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Movement as Occupation: Space, Decentralization, and Organization in the Occupy Wall Street Movement",Roundtable,"Various social movement scholars have identified the importance of organization in allowing movement actors to engage in sustained contention over time (McAdam 1982; McCarthy and Zald 1977; Schwartz 1976; Zald and Ash 1966). At the same time, others have suggested the need to develop a broader understanding of organization beyond its formal hierarchical form (Caniglia and Carmin 2005; Tarrow 1998). Evidence derived from in-depth fieldwork carried out during the first year of the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York City confirms the need for a broader understanding of organization and, in particular, indicates that the occupation of Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan served as a crucial component of the Occupy Wall Street movement’s organizational structure. The occupation was especially critical due to the way the movement was organized, as it provided a set of spatially-centralized resources and helped sustain a high density of ties between participants in what was otherwise a largely decentralized movement. In this way, the mid-November 2011 police eviction of the occupation did much more than simply repress the movement; it served as a blow to the movement’s very organizational structure and, insofar as it united people together under a common umbrella and shared purpose, the very basis for its existence. The findings presented here therefore confirm the importance of organization in allowing movement actors to engage in sustained contention over time, but moreover suggest the need for a broader understanding of what is normally thought of as organization--to include, in this case, the occupation itself."
720933,"Jean Stockard, University of Oregon; Robert M. O'Brien, University of Oregon","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Cohort Compositional Effects on the Mortality-Education Gap: A Structural Analysis,Roundtable,"The gap between the mortality rates for those with less than a high school education and those with a high school education or more in the United States has grown over the past few decades.  This trend is especially marked for white women.  Using an age-period cohort-characteristic (APCC) model, we examine the effects of four characteristics on this education-mortality gap: wages measured at age 25-29, labor force participation at age 25-29, marriage at age 25-29, and smoking behavior measured at age 25-29.  Of these factors only relative wages seems to be important.  The most important cohort factor, however, is a compositional effect that is based on the proportion of the population with a high school education or greater.  As this proportion increases for cohorts those without a high school education are increasingly more susceptible to mortality.  We analyze results across three broad categories of mortality: total mortality rates, external mortality rates, and non-external mortality rates. The major findings are similar across all three of these categories.  The APCC approach controls for age and period effects in a highly flexible manner."
720936,"Schaylee Esparza, Portland State University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Family and Academic Persistence: Comparing Low-Income White and Latino/a Students’ Stories of Success,Roundtable,"Over the last forty years, the U.S. community college system has expanded, allowing disadvantaged groups greater access to higher education. With that expansion, a body of research has emerged examining community college students’ educational outcomes. However, the research is limited in understanding the academic persistence of low-income students. This study explores how family influences the academic persistence of low-income community college students. Academic persistence has previously been defined as continued enrollment from one quarter to the next (Sheffield, 2011). For the purpose of this study, academic persistence is defined as being within 2 quarters of graduation while in pursuit of an Associate’s Transfer Degree. Our analysis attempts to answer the following research questions: How does family influence academic persistence? How does family support persistence? How does the family challenge persistence? Using a qualitative in-depth interview approach, this study focuses on data collected from 11 white and 11 Latino/a students attending a community college in rural central Washington. The findings highlight the ways in which family and social class influence experiences of students, and suggest that White and Latina/o students may face different challenges on the pathway to degree completion. The study points to the need for future research on low-income community college students and the need for revised institutional practices to meet the needs of both student populations."
720937,"Maura Kelly, Portland State University; Amy Lubitow, Portland State University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Labor/Labor Movements: Class Consciousness and Culture in Labor Mobilization,Labor and LGBT Coalition Building: Exploring the Dynamics of Pride at Work,Regular,"The ongoing expansion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movement coincides with a continued contraction of long-standing mainstream labor organizations. The intersection of labor and LGBT politics represents an opportunity for each movement to increase their membership bases, expand their circle of influence, and to more fully embrace an intersectional framework for understanding social and economic justice. Drawing from interviews and participation with Pride at Work, an LGBT/labor organization, we explore how  collaboration between LGBT and labor organizations can potentially benefit and strengthen both the labor movement and the movement for LGBT rights."
720938,"Raphael J Nawrotzki, University of Colorado-Boulder; Kristin Robson, University of Colorado-Denver; Margaret J Gutilla, University of Colorado; Lori M Hunter, University of Colorado-Boulder; Wayne Twine, University of the Witwatersrand; Petra Norlund, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Development, Sustainability, and Food Security in Africa and Latin America",The Impact of the 2008 Food Crisis on Food Security among Households in South Africa,Regular,"Recurring food crises endanger the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries around the globe. Owing to the importance of this issue, we explore recent changes in food security between the years 2004 and 2010 in a rural district in Northeastern South Africa. Our study window spans the time of the 2008 global food crises and allows the investigation of its impacts on rural South African populations. Grounded in the sustainable livelihood framework, we examine differences in food security trajectories among vulnerable sub populations. A unique panel data set of 8,147 households, provided by the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Agincourt HDSS), allows us to employ a longitudinal multilevel modeling approach to estimate adjusted growth curves for the differential change in food security across time. We observe an overall improvement in food security that leveled off after 2008, most likely resulting from the global food crisis. In addition, we discover significant differences in food security trajectories for various sub populations. For example, female-headed households and those living in areas with better access to natural resources differentially improved their food security situation, compared to male-headed households and those households with lower levels of natural resource access. However, former Mozambican refugees witnessed a decline in food security. Therefore, poverty alleviation programs for the Agincourt region should work to improve the food security of vulnerable households, such as former Mozambican refugees."
720941,"Steven J. Gold, Michigan State University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Immigration and Gender,"Contextual and Family Determinants of Immigrant Women's Self-Employment: The Case of Vietnamese, Russian-Speaking Jews, and Israelis",Regular,"While a growing body of literature addresses the experience of migrant women’s involvement in self-employment, this work has focused on relatively few groups and has emphasized gender to the neglect of other contextual factors, such as family, class and ethnic resources, structures of opportunity and the nature of migrants’ relations with networks in countries of origin and settlement. In this article, I draw on multi-sited ethnography to explore Vietnamese, Russian-speaking Jewish, and Israeli women immigrants’ patterns of self-employment. Results suggest that in contrast to being an end in itself, in most cases self-employment is simply a strategy that immigrant women engage in to provide income while coping with an array of opportunities, impediments and obligations framed by the structure of opportunities and disadvantages as well as transnational concerns."
720950,"Robert Perrucci, Purdue University; Carolyn C. Perrucci, Purdue University; Mangala Subramaniam, Purdue University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on History of Sociology Paper Session. Using Sociological Archives,"Editors, Authors and Social Closure in Four Leading Sociology Journals, 1960-2010",Section,"In this paper we continue the examination of the stratification system impinging upon scholarly publication, but we move beyond viewing gatekeeping as a product of professional idiosyncrasies or preferences for certain methodologies, to give greater attention to the larger institutional forces shaping relations among universities, academic departments, academic journals, and individual scholars. Specifically, we focus on how broader long-term historical patterns in the discipline of sociology may have fostered greater competition among universities and departments, and how this competition may have influenced institutional level choices and decisions to view academic journals as an important part of the inter-departmental competition for enhanced national standing. Thus, we will examine how the demographic composition of faculty and graduate students has changed over time, and how these changes may have contributed to greater inter-institutional competition and practices that we refer to as “social closure,” and thereby contribute to specific actions regarding the selection of editors and authors at the level of academic journals. However, we will also contrast the findings flowing from the  perspective of social closure with those that acknowledge that journals are small organizations and they a have greater range of actions that may be reflected in their organizational missions as academic journals and which may therefore reveal differences among journals."
720966,"William Dane Cabin, Richard Stockton College","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociological Practice and Public Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Futile Knowledge: The Abyss Between Evidence-based Research, Policy and Practice in Health",Roundtable,"Background & Purpose:  There is a significant literature addressing the need for evidence-based research to guide policy and practice (Epstein & Dodd, 2012; Gibbs & Gambrill, 2002; Shaw, 2003, 2004). There are no studies of social workers' knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of evidence-based research in specific practice settings. The study addresses social worker and nurse knowledge of, use of, and attitudes toward specific evidence-based care interventions for persons with Alzheimer’s disease receiving Medicare home health and their caregivers.  Methods:  A mailed survey was administered to home care social workers (n = 127) and home care nurses (n = 321) between October 2012 and May 2013. Subjects were recruited using lists from the New York State Nurses Association, NASW-New York City Chapter, and NASW-New York State Chapter.  Preliminary Results:   •	92% of nurses and social workers combined had no knowledge of the two specific psychosocial interventions, with social workers' lack of knowledge being higher (98%); •	98% of social workers and nurses combined have not used either of the two specified interventions in practice; •	88% of social workers and 95% of nurses responded they were taught evidence-based practice (EBP) in their education; •	100% of social workers and 92% of nurses responded that Medicare policy limited their ability to use evidence-based practices; •	96% of nurses and social workers combined responded that the inability to use EBP increased unmet patient & caregiver needs."
720968,"William Dane Cabin, Richard Stockton College","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,Designed Neglect: Medicare's Neglect of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease,Roundtable,"The Medicare and Medicaid home health benefits cover over 4 million persons annually, costing an estimated $17 billion or more. However, these benefits are based on a medical model, with limited social work coverage. Historically, social work represents only 1-2% of all national Medicare home health visits and less than 1% of all Medicaid home health visits. There has been some research on the frustrations of home care social workers and unmet patient needs, but no research on factors affecting their care decisions and coping strategies of nurses and social workers. The paper presents the results of an interview-based pilot study of coping strategies, using a convenience sample of 33 home care nurses and 39 home care social workers in the New York City metropolitan area. The focus is on their care decisions for persons with Alzheimer’s disease, a disease affecting over 5 million Americans, most aged 65 and older, and expected to impact over 16 million by 2050. The interviews occurred  from  October 2005-December 2007.  Three dominant coping strategy types emerged: conformist, innovator, and rebel. The article discusses interview results and other evidence to assert the need for a more robust social work-based psychosocial care component in home health care. Implications for policy change using the Hospice Medicare Benefit model are discussed."
720979,"Lei Xu, Texas Tech University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Student Forum Paper Session. Choice, Morality, and (Neo)Liberalism",A Tale Of Trinity In Founder’s Identity: The Case of New Venture Creation,Section,"Founder’s identity has been extensively studied regarding its impacts on new venture creation. However, most research focused on the single impact of identity but few explored the mechanisms through which founder’s identity occurred. This study tries to investigate how founder’s identity, through social capital embedded in community and family, influences new venture creation. The results suggest that social capital residing in community ties could strengthen the link between founder’s identity and new venture creation but only apply to Darwin and Communitarian identities. At the same time, structural embeddedness in family positively moderates the relationship between founder’s identity and new venture creation but in an inverted U shape effect."
720980,"Lei Xu, Texas Tech University; Wei Du, Louisiana State University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Student Forum Roundtable Session.,Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Role of Formal Corporate Governance Arrangement and Social Capital in Community and Family,Roundtable,"We empirically test the relation between immigrant’s venture creation decision and governance mechanism under a unified framework of governance in both sociology and finance. We find that corporate governance arrangements are more valued by entrepreneurs with better education attainment and higher household income, such as immigrant entrepreneurs. This type of entrepreneurs tends to be more reluctant to create a venture due to the high opportunity costs. In addition, social capital embedded in community significantly and positively affects the new venture creation decision. At the same time, an inverted U shape relationship is observed between social capital in family and new venture creation. This paper answers how relational governance and corporate governance are related to new venture creation in immigrant entrepreneurship, especially in emerging phase. The key argument is that the efficacy of corporate governance and relational governance mechanisms in immigrant entrepreneurship are contingent on different types of social capital which immigrant entrepreneurs possess and on the formal corporate governance arrangement, the adoption of which is influenced by immigrant entrepreneurs’ characteristics."
720982,"Mark Tausig, University of Akron; Rudy Fenwick, University of Akron","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Sociology of Mental Health Paper Session. The Economy, Work, and Mental Health",The Great Recession and Health Among Employed Workers,Section,"In the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007-2009, the health consequences of this major economic event are surprisingly under-studied.  In the current study we used the 2010 GSS survey of non-self-employed adults (n = 989) to which we added occupational unemployment and underemployment rates. The model we developed to understand how social status, occupational unemployment and underemployment rates, objective job conditions and intrinsic job conditions affect well-being shows that the consequences of the recession on the health of employed workers are complex and multi-layered.  Workers are exposed to different rates of occupational unemployment and underemployment based on social status characteristics.  In turn, this exposure is related to objective job conditions that reflect the precarious nature of contemporary employment and employer-employee relationships.  While the objective nature of job conditions is then associated with greater perceived job insecurity as well as levels of job demands and decision latitude, the effects of job insecurity on worker health are indirect through the intrinsic quality of work as characterized by job demands and decision latitude."
720986,"Misty Dawn Ring, University of Arizona; Heidi Reynolds-Stenson, University of Arizona; Jennifer Earl, University of Arizona","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Movements: Theoretical and Methodological Innovations.,"Reexamining Radicalness: The Structural Position of Radical Tactics, 1960-1995",Regular,"Extant research suggests that radical or disruptive tactics are more effective, more likely to garner media attention, and likely to alter the dynamics of interactions with police. However, the literature lacks an empirically-based structural understanding of the position of radical protest tactics in the tactical repertoire. This paper analyzes the position of radical tactics by applying social network analysis methods to data on the tactics and claims of over 7,000 protest events reported in the New York Times from 1960 to 1995.  We examine the centrality of radical tactics, the extent to which radical tactics are structurally equivalent, and the extent to which radical tactics hang together with each other and with radical claims.  Our findings challenge previously unexamined assumptions about the structural position of radical tactics, and have important implications in particular for future studies of the impact of tactics on media coverage, protest policing, and movement success."
720988,"Xi Song, University of California-Los Angeles; Robert Mare, University of California-Los Angeles","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Methodology Paper Session. Open Topic II,Prospective versus Retrospective Approaches to the Study of Intergenerational Social Mobility,Section,"Most intergenerational social mobility studies are based upon retrospective data, in which samples of individuals report socioeconomic information about their parents, an approach that provides representative data for offspring but not the parental generation. When available, prospective data on intergenerational mobility, which are based on a sample of respondents who report on their progeny, have conceptual and practical advantages. Prospective data are especially useful for studying social mobility across more than two generations and for developing joint models of social mobility and demographic processes. Because prospective data remain relatively scarce, we propose a method that corrects retrospective mobility data for the unrepresentativeness of the parental generation, and thus permits them to be used for models of social mobility and demographic processes. We illustrate this method using both simulated data and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In our examples, this method removes more than 95% of the bias in the retrospective data."
720992,"Jennifer Karas Montez, Case Western Reserve University; Pekka Martikainen, University of Helsinki; Hanna Remes, University of Helsinki; Mauricio Avendano, London School of Economics and Political Science","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Mortality,Work-Family Context and the Longevity Disadvantage of U.S. Women,Regular,"Female life expectancy is currently shorter in the United States than most high-income countries. This study examines work-family context as a potential explanation. Work-family context has changed similarly across high-income countries in the last half century, yet the United States has not implemented institutional supports, such as universally-available child care and family leave, to help Americans contend with these changes. We compare the United States to Finland—a country with similar trends in work-family life but generous institutional supports—and test two hypotheses to explain U.S. women’s longevity disadvantage: (1) U.S. women may be less likely than Finnish women to combine employment with childrearing, and (2) U.S. women’s longevity may benefit less than Finnish women’s longevity from combining employment with childrearing. We used data from women aged 30-60 years during 1988-2006 in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File and harmonized it with data from Finnish national registers. We found stronger support for hypothesis 1, especially among low-educated women. Contrary to hypothesis 2, combining employment and childrearing was not less beneficial for U.S. women’s longevity. In a simulation experiment, more than 75% of U.S. women’s mortality disadvantage was eliminated by elevating employment levels to match Finnish women and reducing the mortality of unmarried and not employed U.S. women to match Finnish women."
720993,"Alison Dahl Crossley, Stanford University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Social Movement Culture Online: Facebook, Blogs, and Young Feminists",Roundtable,"Social movement scholars have devoted significant attention to the role of the Internet in movements, focusing primarily on structural and organizational features of online movements and the impact of the Internet on mobilization. Questions remain about whether cultural dimensions of movements may be created online. In this paper, I complicate conceptions of online social movements by examining the cultural features of Internet mobilization. I present unique qualitative data from a diverse group of college feminists to examine cultural dimensions of online activism. I draw from literature on women’s movements and online activism to identify three ways in which Facebook and feminist blogs nourish feminist culture: by creating feminist consciousness, providing opportunities for everyday feminism, and augmenting offline feminism. These findings point to the significant role of culture and meaning in online activism. I conclude the paper by discussing its implications for understanding the feminist movement and online activism more broadly."
720998,"Alison Wynn, Stanford University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Paper Session. Work and Family: New Challenges, New Directions",Barriers to Flexibility Uptake in Organizations,Section,"Despite the vast effort companies have devoted to developing and implementing cutting-edge flexibility programs, many employees worry they cannot achieve success at their companies while using these programs. In this paper, I examine the industry, organizational, and individual barriers that prevent workers from feeling comfortable using existing flexibility programs. I present the results of 33 in-depth interviews with consultants in the San Francisco Bay Area as a case study of this larger phenomenon. I find that the definition of success incentivizes overwork and discourages flexibility. At the industry and organizational levels, the culture and structure of consulting cast doubt upon the viability of using a flexible work arrangement. This definition of success also frequently contradicts actual productivity and client satisfaction. At the individual level, employees sanctify their companies and presume that flexibility can only function under certain limitations. Rather than expecting their companies to provide flexible alternatives, employees retain a sense of perceived control by holding an individualistic mindset about work-life balance. Through their continued overwork, employees reconstitute the larger structures that undermine flexibility."
720999,"Katherine Carroll, University of Technology","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Medicalizing Nature, Naturalizing Culture: Disrupting Dichotomies in Reproduction",The Milk of Human Kinship: Donated Breastmilk in Neonatal Intensive Care,Section,"Western developed nations appear to have no overt milk kinship system. Yet, that consensual sharing of breast milk between women is somewhat subversive and controversial alludes to Western society’s latent kinship structures with regard to breastmilk transactions.  Using the contemporary culture of the USA as a case study, this paper draws on ethnographic and interview data obtained from two neonatal intensive care units to reveal how donated breast milk, despite significant technological and medical intervention and transformation, remains highly symbolic of kinship relations. In this paper I argue that while mothers consent to DBM, it also presents great affective challenges. Many NICU mothers experience ambivalence toward DBM, and some indicated that consenting to DBM transgressed their sense of proprietorial and exclusive relations with their infant. Other mother were concerned that donor milk would interfere with their experience of bonding with their infant or feared that their infant would refuse their own milk. This paper argues that for some NICU mothers the challenge of donor milk to the propriety over, and perception of, the mother-infant bond is too great, which results in mothers refusing to consent to DBM feedings for their infant. This paper explores hidden affective consequences of donor milk use in the broader context of motherhood and kinship in liberal democratic societies."
721000,"Nicole Schuldberg Fox, Brandeis University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Peace, War and Social Conflict Paper Session. Wars and After Wars",Trauma and Commemoration in Post-Genocide Rwanda,Section,"This paper examines how Rwanda genocide survivors understand trauma, how they conceptualize appropriate treatments for trauma, and how these understandings structure decisions about commemorating and constructing a collective memory. The narratives around traumatizing illuminate processes on two essential aspects of post-genocide life: collective memory and reconciliation.  Participants in this study describe a specific psychological process called, “traumatizing,” that includes a crisis in which someone experiences a flashback from 1994 and believes people are trying to kill them.  This experience can be contagious and is believed by some to be dangerous in crowded situations such as the annual commemorations.  In the case of “traumatizing,” the manner in which survivors, commemoration staff and government employees perceive this psychological process, structures the type of narrative that becomes central, public and recognizable at national remembrance events and memorialization projects.  Public narratives shared at the national level during commemorations are not only the ones survivors bear witness to; they are also observed by tourists (both high profile and not), televised and often transcribed or documented for years to come.  Quite literally, the testimonies and material shared during commemoration events become a recorded history of Rwandan mnemonic practices and in some ways a recorded history of what occurred during those violent months in 1994."
721003,"Vibeke Klitgaard, University of Lund","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,A System Theory Approach to the Psychiatric System and Some Results from a Case Study,Roundtable,"Abstract. Taking point of departure in system theory I’ll present an analysis of the medical and the psychiatric system as a background for a case of field work in one of two centers of community psychiatry. The major difference between the two systems is that the medical system takes the body as its major focus of attention, making communication marginal. Where as in the psychiatric system communication and behavior observation are the main foci of attention. System theory poses the concepts of complexity, contingency and selectivity as key concepts, and says that expectations are central to all social life. Not being able to live up to expected social behavior is where the seriously mentally ill persons fail according to Talcott Parsons, who had a major influence on Luhmann (i.e. the main author of system theory). I’ll go on to add precision to T. Scheff’s “residual norms” by introducing the so-called undifferentiated expectation layer, which distinguishes between normative and cognitive expectations, only to show that this distinction breaks down for persons descending into psychosis. I go on focusing on the importance of the theme as the – precarious – structure of interaction systems. I learned to see the psychiatric sitting rooms as an exercise rooms for the life-necessary reduction of meaning complexity. I conclude by asking if reestablishment of the differentiation between normative and cognitive expectations is (not) an indicator of regaining mental health."
721015,"David Pedulla, Princeton University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Labor Market,New Scars for the New Economy? Gender and the Consequences of Non-Standard Employment Histories,Regular,"Millions of workers are currently employed in positions that deviate from the full-time, standard employment relationship. Little is known, however, about how histories of non-standard employment – part-time work, temporary agency employment, or skills underemployment – shape workers’ future labor market opportunities. Drawing on original field- and survey-experimental data, this article examines three interrelated questions: 1) What are the consequences of having a non-standard employment history for workers’ future labor market opportunities?; 2) Are the consequences of non-standard employment histories different for male and female workers?; and 3) What mechanisms account for the consequences of having a non-standard employment history? Results from the field experiment demonstrate that a history of non-standard employment is as scarring for workers as a year of unemployment. However, the consequences of non-standard employment vary in important ways by whether the worker was employed in a part-time position, in a temporary agency, or in a job below his or her skill level as well as by the gender of the worker. The survey experiment provides evidence that non-standard employment histories shape employers’ perceptions of workers’ skills, competence, and commitment and that these perceptions largely account for the penalties faced by workers with histories of non-standard employment. Together, these findings shed light on the consequences of changing employment relations for the distribution of labor market opportunities in the “new economy,” with important implications for workers’ economic security and career trajectories."
721018,"Frank F. Furstenberg, University of Pennsylvania","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Invited Session. Aging and Cohort Replacement as Engines of Social Change in Institutions,Family,Invited,
721019,"Mark Chaves, Duke University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Invited Session. Aging and Cohort Replacement as Engines of Social Change in Institutions,Religion,Invited,
721020,"Bernice A. Pescosolido, Indiana University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Invited Session. Aging and Cohort Replacement as Engines of Social Change in Institutions,Health Care,Invited,
721021,"Robert J. Sampson, Harvard University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Invited Session. Aging and Cohort Replacement as Engines of Social Change in Institutions,Criminal Justice,Invited,
721027,"Zulema Valdez, University of California-Merced","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Immigrant Families and Communities: Challenges and Changes,"Ethnic Entrepreneurship, Intersectionality, and the Household Economy",Regular,"The traditional approach to ethnic entrepreneurship emphasizes the role of ethnicity and underscores its primacy in shaping inter-group differences in enterprise, rooted in part, on the access to and availability of ethnic group based resources. Using a framework derived from intersectionality theory, this qualitative study investigates the role of social class and gender in shaping intra-group differences in entrepreneurship among a sample of fifty middle class Mexican-origin entrepreneurs. By focusing on two aspects of the household economy, namely household structure and family ideology, this study examines how class and gender intersect to condition the use of three family based resources that facilitate ethnic enterprise: family labor, entrepreneurial capital, and inheritance. Findings demonstrate that the availability of and access to family-based resources is contingent on class and gender dynamics among family members within ethnic households, with consequent differences in entrepreneurial participation between family members that are at times greater than those observed between ethnic groups. This study challenges the ethnic entrepreneurship paradigm’s emphasis on ethnicity and the presumed ideology of collectivism that characterizes ethnic households by revealing that multiple dimensions of identity influence the access to and use of group-based resources that facilitate enterprise within the same household. This study reveals the strength of an intersectional framework to explain intra-group differences in ethnic enterprise that are rooted in social class and gender among the Mexican-origin middle class."
721031,"Lynn Prince Cooke, University of Bath","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Parenthood, Marriage, and Divorce Penalties and Premiums",State Effects on Market Stratification:  Pre- and Post-tax Fatherhood Premia among Men in Four Countries,Section,"Men often receive fatherhood earnings bonuses, the size of which differs among men.  Stratification also differs across countries, so we compare pre- and post-tax fatherhood premia in the Netherlands, West Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.  The countries differ in their institutional supports for market wage inequality, as well as the extent to which tax systems reduce or sustain earnings inequalities. Wave 6 (2004) LIS data and regressions of the recentered influence function are used to estimate the unconditional quantile partial effects of children at different percentiles of men’s absolute earnings distribution in each country. The size of the fatherhood premium varies most among men in the less-regulated labor markets of the two English-speaking countries. The lowest-earning UK and US men with three or more children are predicted to incur significant penalties. Fatherhood premia emerge in the upper half of the earnings distribution that increase as UK and US men’s earnings increase. Premia also increase as West German men’s earnings increase, but all German fathers are predicted to earn some premium.  All Dutch fathers earn a small premium that is of similar magnitude at each percentile of the gross earnings distribution.  The German, UK, and US tax systems have little redistributive effect, although the US (but not UK)  penalty for the lowest-earning fathers disappears after taking taxes into account. The Dutch tax system further equalizes the already similar premia among men. Findings highlight the importance of state-market arrangements in structuring family-related earnings equality among men."
721038,"Devon R. Goss, University of Connecticut","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Paper Session. The Mechanisms of Color-Blind Racism,I Wasn’t Supposed to Notice It: Transracial Adoption and Color-Blind Racism,Section,"Transracial adoption in the United States has increased significantly in recent years, due in part to a rise in international adoption, as well as what scholars have argued has been a shift in racial relations in the United States. This paper explores the practice of transracial adoption and the racial ideologies and boundaries that undergird transracial families. If families utilize color-blind racist ideology as a strategy for raising transracial children, are racial boundaries actually being challenged, as scholars posit? This study shows that the mechanisms of color-blind racism that family members employ often leave transracial adoptees with few options to cope with encounters of everyday racism. Specifically, this study adds nuance to the ability of families to cross the color line without reproducing inequalities, and questions how transracial adoption challenges the idea of kinship in the United States today. To achieve this end, qualitative approaches, including in-depth life story interviews with both transracial adoptees and their white siblings, are employed."
721040,"Zinobia Chara Bennefield, Texas A&M University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Disparities in HPV and Cervical Cancer Awareness between Highly Educated White and Minority Young Women,Roundtable,"Because women of color are more likely to contract and die from HPV and cervical cancer than White women, it is imperative to devote research to the eradication of disparities in awareness, an assumed predictor of behavior. While this is a commonly recognized approach to health disparities supported by numerous health care campaigns meant to educate communities about specific illnesses, few studies have examined how individuals become aware, and if awareness differs by race and age. Results from this study adds to the current literature on health awareness with findings that indicate that being recently screened for cervical cancer, having high self-rated levels of knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, and using health services for more than just emergencies increases one’s awareness of HPV and cervical cancer is positively related to high levels of awareness of HPV and cervical cancer for young women of color. While this study is exploratory in nature, it does lay preliminary groundwork for the argument that for women of color, screening precedes awareness, a finding that contradicts the previous understandings of the direction between awareness and screening. From this research, a new understanding of the way in which age and race impact the way individuals learn about HPV and cervical cancer."
721050,"Brandon C. Martinez, Baylor University; Jeffrey A. Tamburello, Baylor University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Paper Session. Religion and Racial/Ethnic Inequality,White Hegemony and Leadership Structures in Latino Congregations,Section,"Latinos are the fastest growing racial or ethnic group in America, and Latino congregations play a unique role in the lives of their members and communities. Yet, little research has been done on these congregations. The current study provides an examination of the leadership structures and power dynamics within Latino congregations.  Drawing from contemporary racial stratification literature and previous studies on religion and congregations we expect that white hegemony persists within Latino congregations where whites represent a numeric minority, regardless of the proportion of the congregation that is Latino.  Multilevel models and cross-level interactions support our hypotheses. We find that whites are more likely to hold a leadership position than Latinos in Latino congregations, and their opportunity to be included in the congregational decision making process increases proportional with the proportion of Latinos in the congregation."
721054,"Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz, Brown University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Paper Session. The Politics of Representation,"Representing the Future: The Latino Vote, Electoral Demonstrations, and the Politics Of Statistics",Section,"For decades, demographers have forecast that the United States is undergoing a dramatic demographic transformation, as ethnoracial “minorities” are expected to numerically surpass the white “majority” within decades. Travelling far beyond the academy, the circulation of such projections has popularized the idea that the country is undergoing a dramatic and seemingly inevitable demographic and cultural transformation. Despite growing anxieties and anticipations over the “Browning of America,” social scientists have largely ignored the impact of these projections on contemporary politics and public policy. In this presentation, I approach elections as an important site from which to study how diverse political actors and projects represent, contest, and leverage “demographic change.” As part of a broader research project on national Latino civil rights and advocacy organizations, I document and analyze the role of statistics in constituting and representing the so-called Latino “sleeping giant” in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Specifically, I focus on the statistically mediated relationship between spokespersons and public demonstrations of “Latino power.” As I trace empirically, demonstrations do not only refer to protests and marches; they also include censuses, elections, and other large scale events that seem to validate, at once and irrefutably, both the ontological existence “Latinos,” as a collective and coherent entity, and a future in which this population has realized its full political potential."
721060,"Wade M. Cole, University of Utah","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Paper Session. Ties between Local and Global: Negotiating the Role of International Organizations,Contingent Coupling: Unpacking the Relationship between Human Rights and Income Redistribution,Section,"The effect of human rights treaties on country-level practices has been extensively studied, although one core treaty—the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)—is overlooked in the empirical literature, in part because many of its terms are difficult, costly, and contentious to implement. Similarly, although the determinants of income distribution within societies are generally well established, the effect (if any) of international human rights standards remains uncertain. This paper addresses these twin gaps by analyzing the effect of ICESCR membership on governmental efforts to reduce income inequality, measured as proportional reductions in pre- and post-tax/transfer levels of income inequality. Applying regression techniques that account for the endogeneity of treaty membership to data for more than 100 countries between 1986 and 2002, I find that the ICESCR does not independently affect redistribution efforts. However, treaty membership leads to significantly larger reductions in inequality among wealthy countries, countries with high levels of welfare spending, and countries with dense linkages to world society, but the ICESCR’s effects are not significantly enhanced by political conditions such as leftist government and labor rights practices."
721061,"Janet A. Lorenzen, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Reducing Consumption: Social Connections and the Problem of Gift Giving,Roundtable,"The main research question in the study of consumers and consumption is: why do people buy more than they need? The body of literature that attempts to answer this question is characterized by theories of differentiation/emulation, indulgence, identity/self-expression, and social connections (or the ability of consumer goods to support social relationships and express emotional commitments). Environmental scholars have capitalized on these insights and assert that the first three of these theories (differentiation, indulgence, and identity) represent barriers to reducing consumption. I explore this concern empirically by drawing on 45 interviews and participant observation with three groups who reduce their consumption in various ways: voluntary simplifiers, religious environmentalists, and green home owners. In contrast to environmental scholars my interviewees were relatively successful in creating green social status comparison groups, ignoring marketing and the new “must have” product, and defining their identities based on what they did not buy. Instead, I find that of these theories, disrupting social connections creates the most interpersonal conflict in everyday life and represents an unrecognized challenge to reducing consumption. For example, conflict over gift giving (i.e., one way consumerism supports social connections) was pervasive. Attempting to withdraw from the gift economy strained social ties and was rarely 	successful, instead most interviewees compromised by using green/ethical gift giving as a strategy for recruiting others to live a green lifestyle. In the discussion I consider how the social connections perspective may be furthered using social network theory."
721062,"Benjamin Gregg, University of Texas-Austin","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Body and Embodiment Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Body as Human Rights Boundary,Roundtable,"At least some national laws criminalizing at least some forms of modern slavery are almost everywhere in force. Yet estimates today for slavery worldwide range from 28 to 31 million people. Most slaves are citizens of the country of enslavement. Citizenship fails wherever it cannot protect the citizen (let alone the non-citizen) from enslavement. Drawing on Randall Collins and Saskia Sassen, I develop an alternative conception of citizenship, based on the human body: (1) I view the body as analogous to political territory; (2) I develop a notion of the “territory of the self” as ritual object of veneration, (3) toward endogenizing human rights within the person, that is, transferring a rights-protective boundary from the nation state to the individual. (4) The human body so conceived becomes its own “bordering capability,” (5) an arrangement that qualifies the nation state in human rights-helpful ways. (6) I conclude by reviewing the proposal’s contributions, and its limits."
721064,"Kathia Serrano Velarde, Heidelberg University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Way We Ask for Money: The Changing Logics of Grant Writing in German Academia (1975-2005),Roundtable,"The paper addresses the question of how academic grant writing practices have changed over time. The growing importance of external funding in the academic world has affected both individuals and research organizations in significant ways. Starting from the assumption that grant writing performances are a reflection of field-wide dynamics, we argue that including the “peer“ in the review process of research proposals made research communities a central player in the allocation of scientific reputation and resources. The study will shed light on these developments and their impact on grant writing practices by linking practice theory and an institutional logics approach (Friedland and Alford 1991). While field-level dynamics have pushed competition as organizing principle of research work, we shall argue that research communities managed to buffer professional practices from radical changes by incorporating “elemental categories” (Thornton et al. 2012) of the market into the dominant professional logic. The argument draws on a qualitative, longitudinal study of grant proposals and funding program documentation in Germany from 1975 to 2005."
721066,"Alvin Y. So, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Political Economy of the World-System Roundtable Session (one-hour).,State Neoliberalism: China's Response to the 2008 Global Economic Crisis,Roundtable,"This paper aims to examine the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on China’s development.  It argues that when the global economic crisis started in China in 2008, China quickly set up a massive US$586 billion stimulus package, pumped money into the state enterprises, further strengthened the state sector at the expense of the private sector, and consolidated the hyper-growth model of “state developmentalism.”  However, when the global economic crisis deepened in 2012, the hidden problem of hyper-growth began to surface, and China’s state developmentalism model has reached its limit. China’s exports and imports fell in mid-2013, as China was facing a massive excessive capacity, a residential property bubble, widespread nonperforming loans and debt.  These distress economic indicators have led the new leaders to adopt a new model of “state neoliberalism” in order to deal with the challenges of the global economic crisis. State neoliberalism model not only insists that there will be no more stimulus program to jumpstart the weaken economy; the party-state will also enforce market discipline to strengthen the fragile financial sector. Also, the party-state will carry out structural reforms in the areas of the fiscal system, land use, household registration, and open up important strategic state industries for market forces and to induce more competition among businesses.  At the end, this paper will discuss the future prospect of this “state neoliberalism” model and whether this new model can help China to pull out of the global economic crisis unscathed."
721068,"Rob Clark, University of Oklahoma","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Convergence without Mobility? Reconceptualizing International Development,Roundtable,"Recent decades have witnessed substantial cross-national convergence in income, health, and education.  However, the extent to which countries have reordered themselves along the development hierarchy receives less attention.  In this study, I highlight the conceptual distinctions between convergence and mobility.  Not only do they represent discrete processes, but the likelihood and extent to which they each occur often differs substantially.  Using simulation data, I show that large cross-national disparities will hinder mobility, but actually induce convergence.  In doing so, I show that the cross-national convergence that occurred in GDP PC between 1980 and 2010 was primarily a function of large income gaps between countries and would not have materialized at more moderate levels of initial inequality.  I then more fully develop a model of mobility in which country-level movement is a function of several sample characteristics, including initial inequality, growth dynamics, and temporal span.  I find that observed mobility rates across several development indicators (GDP PC, HDI, and life expectancy) are significantly lower than what the model predicts.  In sum, the analysis of mobility at the macro comparative level can serve as a useful complement to existing research and produces an image of development and change not typically found in convergence studies."
721072,"Neli Demireva, Nuffield College; Anthony Heath, University of Oxford","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Paper Session. Immigrant Integration and Inequality around the World,Is Co-ethnic Concentration a Barrier to the Successful Civic Integration of Migrants and Minorities in Britain,Section,"Integration is a complex process that can rarely be captured by looking into one or two adaptation outcomes. This paper explores the barriers to the civic integration of migrants and minorities in Britain and in particular examines the question of whether growing presence of co-ethnics in the neighbourhood area has a detrimental effect upon the integration process. The results are mixed. Some important integration outcomes such as employment prospects, identity with Britain rather than own ethnicity are not being influenced by co-ethnic concentration while others, among them fluency in English, customs adoption and British rather than religious identity, fare worse in strong co-ethnic scenarios. Lack of contact with outgroupers explains entirely or a large proportion of this negative relationship which leads us to conclude that with greater promotion of contact, the civic integration process in Britain will be strengthened. The paper also highlights the great integration leap that has happened in the 1.5 and 2nd generation compared to the first."
721073,"Hilary Thomas, University of Hertfordshire; Sarah Earthy, University of Surrey; Judith Sleney, University of Surrey","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,The Social Relations of Recovery Following Admission to Intensive Care,Roundtable,"There is an extensive literature addressing patients’ experiences of becoming ill, seeking help, of the illness itself and treatment offered.  A notable absence, with few exceptions, within this canon is the patient’s experience of recovery.  A further group of patients whose experience has been overlooked are those who have spent time in an intensive care unit (ICU).  Rier’s (2000) exploration of his own experience remains one of the few papers to look at this group.  This paper presents a secondary analysis of interview data collected by the Health Experiences Research Group, University of Oxford.  A total of 37 former patients who had each spent time in an ICU in the UK were interviewed in depth about their recollections and subsequent recovery.  A notable feature of the accounts was the role played by family and friends both during and after hospital stay. This paper explores the social relations of recovery especially the role of family and friends throughout the trajectory of illness and recovery."
721078,"Sascha Muennich, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Regulatory and Local Responses to Financial Crisis: Discursive, Cultural and Social Structural Foundations",The Moral Economy of Financial Profits Discourse and Institutional Change in the 2008 Crisis,Regular,"Do public discourses about the moral legitimacy of profit contribute to institutional change of capitalist societies? This article examines the public debate about the bank bail-out in 2008 in the four weeks following the Lehman crash in German and British newspapers and contrasts the discourse with the actual institutional dynamics of the financial sector of the two countries in the boom years preceding the crisis. It is shown that there is a paradoxical relation between actual financial dynamics and their discursive digestion. While institutional structures of finance in both countries remained close to the traditional opposition between bank-based and a market-based system both economies were drawn into the profit logics of securitization. However, as banking profits were evaluated publicly in the crisis discourses in both countries refers to specific moral economies of deserved and undeserved financial profits. In Germany speculation in any form is considered a moral problem opposed to classical firm investment. In UK profits can be claimed if they stem from superior calculative capacities for the estimation of real risks. Bankers are defined as economic counselors in Germany while they are legitimate traders of monetary commodities in the UK if they presently possess them. These moral economies have an affinity to the institutional structures of national financial market regimes Moral public discourses informed by normative principles of legitimate earnings support the further evolution of national institutional paths while driving out more radical changes even in the face of apparent institutional dysfunction."
721104,"Ellis Prentis Monk, University of Chicago","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Paper Session. Intersectionality and Methods: Multidimensional and Multilevel Race, Gender, Ethnicity, and Class Data","The Cost of Color: Skin Tone, Discrimination, and Health among African Americans",Section,"In this study, I utilize a recently conducted, nationally-representative survey of African Americans, to examine the relationship(s) between skin tone, discrimination, and health among African Americans in the early 21st century. I find that skin tone is significantly associated the frequency of discrimination African Americans perceive, the incidence of depression and hypertension, as well as self-rated mental and physical health (even after controlling for a host of sociodemographic and other relevant factors). Such findings make considerable contributions to a nexus of literatures on colorism, ethnoracial disparities and differences in health, in addition to the study of ethnoracial inequality in general. Furthermore, exploiting a unique feature of this nationally-representative survey, its two measures of skin tone (interviewer-rated and self-reported), I find that while previous work has assumed that self-reported measures of skin tone are ‘inferior’ to interviewer-rated or machine-measured skin tone data, self-reported skin tone data is often a stronger predictor of the outcomes of interest in this study than even interviewer-rated skin tone data. I explain this by way of a symbolic interactionist phenomenon known as “reflected appraisals,” which other research has relied upon to explain ethnoracial self-classification in the U.S.  I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for the study of colorism, ethnoracial disparities in health, and recent work on the multidimensionality of “race,” with a focus on offering directions for future research."
721108,"Elyakim Kislev, Columbia University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Changing Color of the Western European Migration to the United States,Roundtable,"Western European migration to the US is considered as the foundations of white American society. Yet almost no attention has been paid to recent changes occurring within the composition of the Western European migration: individuals who were born in Western Europe but have non-Western European origins are starting to migrate in growing numbers. This paper examines this growing diversity and investigates Western European minorities who entered the US after the Second World War. I analyze data from the European Social Survey, the US census, and the American Community Surveys. First, I examine these groups' background in Western Europe and their self-selection mechanisms in migration. Second, I ask if and how these minority groups are different socioeconomically and demographically in comparison to the Western European majority group upon arrival to the US. Third, I ask how and why these minority groups display different economic and cultural patterns of integration from the respective majority group. Fourth, I investigate the geographical distribution of these Western European-born groups in the US."
721110,"Elyakim Kislev, Columbia University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Transnational Social Mobility of Minorities: Comparative Analysis of 14 Immigrated Minority Groups,Roundtable,"There is extensive scholarship on the condition of being a minority in one’s home country and vast literature on the experience of immigrants in host countries. But almost no attention has been paid to immigrants who were minorities in the source country and moved to another. This paper addresses this gap by developing a theory of a growing phenomenon: the transnational social mobility of minorities. Using the US census and the American Community Survey, fourteen groups of minorities (e.g. UK Pakistanis) who immigrated to the US are compared to the corresponding majority groups from the same country (e.g. the British majority). Findings show that all minorities have a lower starting point than the corresponding majority group from the same country. However, non-black minorities succeed faster and, in some cases, even pass majorities over time. In contrast, black immigrated minorities remain disadvantaged in comparison to whites from the same country."
721113,"Jill M. Smith, Brandeis University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",On Edge and Seeking an Edge: Why Upper Middle Class Families Hire Independent Educational Consultants,Roundtable,"In this paper, I discuss the question of why parents and students are generally satisfied with the college advising services rendered by Independent Educational Consultants.  The IEC meets the needs of a certain type of anxiety-driven intensive upper middle class parenting style.  I will demonstrate that despite IEC clients’ strong desire for positive outcomes in the admissions process, when they speak about the “edge” that comes from working with an IEC, what they are mostly talking about is the benefits of the process; the IEC industry is about helping people (oftentimes parents, more so than students) feel better about themselves and deal with the uncertainty produced by the field of higher education, as well as manage their familial relationships.  I will argue that the “edge,” as perceived by the families in my sample, is not, as is commonly believed, primarily attributable to any “secret” strategies, “packaging” of applicants, or “pulling of strings.”"
721142,"Catherine I. Bolzendahl, University of California-Irvine; Rottem Sagi, University of California-Irvine","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Good Citizens under God? Individual and Institutional Religious Influences on Citizenship Norms and Participation,Roundtable,"Vibrant democracies depend on an engaged citizenry committed to the principles of democratic citizenship rights and duties, and participation in politics. Religious involvement has frequently been viewed as either aiding or undermining “good” democratic citizenship. Here we use 2004 ISSP data on religious attendance, citizenship norms and political participation and a measure of institutionalized state religious legislation and national devotion in 37 nations in order to evaluate the extent to which individual and institutional religious characteristics influence citizenship beliefs and participation. The results of multilevel models indicate that at the individual level, those who attend religious services more often are more committed to citizenship duties and more politically involved. Institutionally, religious legislation tends to suppress citizenship commitments, but may boost the commitment of more religiously committed citizens, while the opposite is true for more devout nations. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the operation of religious influence on multiple levels."
721156,"Miao Li, Purdue University-West Lafayette","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Pre-migration Trauma and Psychological Distress for Asian American Immigrants: Linking the Pre- and Post-migration Context,Roundtable,"Current literature on immigrant health primarily focuses on the post-migration stressors. Few studies have considered the link between pre- and post-migration contexts in assessing health outcomes. Drawing on the life course perspective and the assumptive world theory, we examined how pre-migration exposure to trauma contributes to Asian American immigrants’ psychological distress through one of the most important post-migration stressors, perceived discrimination. Findings suggest that endorsement of any pre-migration trauma is associated with higher level of psychological distress, both directly and indirectly through higher level of perceived discrimination. There is also a dose-response effect of pre-migration trauma exposure on both perceived discrimination and psychological distress. The study illustrates the usefulness of bridging the pre- and post-migration context in identifying the health risks along the immigrant life course."
721157,"Carolyn L. Hsu, Colgate University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,How to Exploit the Chinese Party-State: Lessons from One Chinese NGO,Roundtable,"The majority of scholarship on Chinese NGOs has revolved around questions of civil society or state corporatism.  These approaches focus on the way the Chinese Party-state constrains and limits the actions of NGOs and GONGOs (“government-organized NGOs”), but neglect the ways that these organizations may use the party-state for their own purposes. The Party-state is not a monolithic organization, but a loosely affiliated group of organizations with overlapping and competing interests. From the perspective of an NGO, this conglomerate can be an excellent source for the resources they need.   The China Youth Development Foundation (CYDF) has been one of China's largest GONGOs, known for its Project Hope campaigns for rural education.  This paper, based on interviews with CYDF’s founder, leader, employees, volunteers, and beneficiarie, examines CYDF’s strategies for dealing with Party-state agencies at the national, provincial, and local level. My research reveals that CYDF was highly successful in manipulating and exploiting Party-state agencies in order to make them serve the organization’s needs.     CYDF’s strategy was to simultaneously create a moral panic over a social problem and offer a Party-state bureau or department a way to “solve” the social problem.  This provides the Party-state agency protection from government downsizing. This strategy provided a template for other GONGOs and NGOs seeking to transform state policies to alleviate social problems."
721173,"Jackie Lee Hogan, Bradley University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Case for a Sociology of Museums,Roundtable,"History museums have undergone remarkable changes in recent decades. In an increasingly competitive edutainment marketplace, institutions which could afford to do so have replaced the once-uniform glass display cases and interpretive plaques with interactive digital installations and hands-on exhibits. At the same time, amidst increased awareness of the politics of representation, many institutions have stripped exhibits of explicitly racist, sexist and other biased content, and introduced at least some perspectives from historically underrepresented groups. As the architects of such transformations, curators make choices about which stories, artifacts and images to include and which to leave out. Such processes of inclusion and exclusion make museums particularly rich sites for the analysis of identity and inequality—particularly in terms of race, gender and class. While scholars in other fields have made inroads into the analysis of museums, relatively few sociologists in the United States have engaged in such analysis. This paper argues that museums are both socially and sociologically significant. A sociology of museums which is characterized by systematic discursive analysis, an ethnographic approach to visitor experiences, and an explication of the links between discursive and material processes has the potential to more clearly illuminate patterns of racial, gender and class inequalities."
721185,"Nina Lyn Cesare, Ohio University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Collective Identification, High Risk Protest, and Social Media Use in the Occupy Wall Street Movement",Roundtable,"Existing literature suggests that online spaces may be less effective than face-to-face communication at promoting a sense of collective identification among social movement participants. These studies, however, do not take into consideration how this effect varies according to the online platform used. Furthermore, considerations of how online communication influences symbolic interpretations of the movement often do not empirically link these interpretations to differences in protest outcomes. Using data collected from Occupy Wall Street supporters, this study will explore the way in which mode of communication influences the degree to which movement participants are able to develop a sense of collective identification by analyzing how a.) reasons for participation and b.) engagement in high risk protest activities vary according to the mode of communication used by the participant to gather news about the movement. These outcomes are intended to help social scientists better understand how the use of technology that seems to lower the cost of communication between social movement supporters impacts symbolic motivations for participation and protest outcomes related to these symbolic interpretations."
721200,"Corrie Ellis, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Women's Work in a Globalizing World,Gender and the Meaning of a Good Job on a Fairtrade Flower Farm,Regular,"Scholars have long debated whether women workers in the Third World primarily experience exploitation or empowerment in the context of global production. Fair trade presents one strategy to alleviate the exploitative tendencies of global capitalist production for women workers in the Third World. This study uses ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with 42 women workers to examine women’s perspectives about working conditions at Nevado Roses, a Fairtrade certified rose farm in Ecuador. Despite the benefits of Fairtrade, I argue that low pay, long hours and inadequate childcare limit women’s empowerment in this context and create a gendered dilemma where meeting the financial needs of the family directly conflicts with expectations about motherhood and, at a more basic level, child supervision. These findings demonstrate that Fairtrade, like other development initiatives, fails to center or effectively mainstream women in production structures and policy design."
721201,"Leah Ruppanner, University of Melbourne; Claudia Geist, University of Utah","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Towards Equality? Couples’ Time during the Great Recession,Roundtable,"The impact of the Great Recession on young workers has been detrimental. Notably, young workers have disproportionately shouldered high unemployment and, for those employed, job prospects are bleak. These economic patterns have important consequences for young Americans’ time patterns. We investigate one dimension of the Great Recession on time by investigating respondents’ reports of time with their spouse/partner. Applying data from the 2003 to 2012 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), we document clear recession effects with Americans spending more time with their spouse/partner during, compared to prior to, the recession. Yet, these patterns have clear age effects with young adults reporting more time together overall and in housework and leisure during the recession. The implications of greater shared time on marital quality and stability requires additional short- and long-term investigation."
721202,"Natalie Marie Delia Deckard, Emory University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Social Citizenship and Secession: The Role of Social Rights in Western European Regional Secessionism,Roundtable,"This research investigates the relationship between social citizenship and regional secession in Western Europe. Building on work by Siroky (2010, 2009) and Sorens (2005, 2012) on secessionism as a political phenomenon, as well as Marshall (1950), Korpi (1989), and Janoski (1998) on citizenship, I look at seven nations – Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom – and the success of secessionist movements in each. Given the recent surge in regional secessionism in the European Union, there is a compelling mandate to study the dynamics of this political activity in the developed world. I analyze how disparities in both national social policy and the regional implementation of social rights in these nations correlate with – indeed might affect – the strength of regional secession movements. This research finds that, as social policy becomes more generous on the national level, pro-secession movements are weakened overall. This finding is in line with existing theory in welfare state development. Conversely, it is those regions in which social citizenship is most effectively realized  that pro-secessionism is strongest. I posit that this represents a clear application of Inglehart’s (2008) theory of the ascendance of post-materialistic values in wealthy regions."
721203,"Doris Palmer, Arizona State University; Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld, Arizona State University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Satisfaction with Appearance and Social Relationships Following Bariatric Surgery,Roundtable,"The aim of this study was to learn more about social aspects of bariatric surgery and describe changes in weight and social characteristics. We collected self-report information from 213 bariatric surgery patients using an online survey. Respondents reported that the reasons for surgery were to improve overall health, specific medical conditions, appearance, self-esteem, interactions with others, and mobility. Respondents lost an average of 95 pounds and rated their overall physical health, self-esteem, social life, family life, work life, life satisfaction, and energy levels higher after bariatric surgery, while depression was rated lower after surgery. Satisfaction with appearance was lower on average than satisfaction with other health and social aspects after surgery. Respondents who were motivated to have surgery to reduce negative reactions of others were more satisfied with relationships with friends and family after surgery. This provides some evidence that overcoming the stigma of being overweight, as reflected by negative reactions of others to a person’s weight, can become a factor in greater satisfaction in family and friend relationships, and social life after surgery. For respondents with a spouse or partner, three-fourths reported no changes in the relationship or their partner; however, the majority of those who did report changes described them as positive changes. This study can inform preoperative counseling and postoperative support groups for bariatric surgery patients and their families."
721206,"Robert Osley-Thomas, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Daniel Lee Kleinman, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Science 2,Research Autonomy within Industry,Regular,"Research freedom is one of the most challenging issues facing managers of industrial science. The amount of autonomy given industrial scientists can shape the products created by companies as well as the science generated by researchers. An emerging literature suggests that research autonomy has increased in industry as part of a general move towards more academic like science, a condition which we call Academic Industry. Other scholarship suggests that research autonomy has decreased over time or has remained stable since the early part of the 20th century. Although insightful, all three positions are largely ahistorical. Drawing upon secondary literature as well as upon our reading of trade journals - Research Management and R&D Magazine - we find that research autonomy often follows an inverted J curve at many companies. We also find evidence to suggest that research autonomy is shaped, at least in part, by business trajectories and by business contingencies."
721209,"Francisco Perales, University of Queensland; Janeen H. Baxter, University of Queensland; Tsui-o Tai, University of Queensland","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Gender, Justice and Work: A Distributive Approach to Perceptions of Housework Fairness",Roundtable,"Most women and men report that the division of domestic labor in their household is fair, despite women undertaking approximately seventy percent of housework. This raises questions about how fairness is evaluated within partnerships. We explore how parenthood and relationship transitions affect perceptions of housework fairness using panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel regression models. Our results indicate that net of actual housework divisions, socio-demographic factors, time availability and relative resources the transition to parenthood increases women’s perceptions of fairness immediately following the birth of a child, but decreases them in the long run. Relationship transitions have no independent effects. Our findings suggest that parenthood transitions are associated with changes in women’s identity, cognitive evaluations of fairness and feelings of entitlement, as indicated by distributive justice theory."
721224,"Annika Linnea Lillrank, University of Helsinki","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Refugee Women's Health Care Experiences Regarding Pregnancy and Birth in Finland,Roundtable,"This paper explores how refugee women experience their pregnancy and birth giving in interaction with the Finnish maternity care professionals. We have limited knowledge of these women's pregnancy and birth giving experiences. These women usually arrive from poor circumstances where the maternal health care is not well developed (Malin & Gissler 2009). This study departs from the salutogenic theory that defines human being as a resourceful agent. The emphasis lies in trust that resources are available if needed and that they are sufficient to take care of their demands. In this study 11 women who came from Russia, Somalia, Afghanistan and Irak were interviewed with an interpreter. My criteria for selecting informants were that they were 1) refugee women who have been granted residence permit in Finland, 2) who have lived at least two years in Finland, and 3) who currently tak care of their children at home. Five women considered the received care as good. Four women with dramatic experiences were able to regardless of obstacles develop trust in the care providers. Two women were traumatized by the care providers' inability to recognize their need of care. The main findings higlight that these refugee women's individual ability to develop trust was essential. The ethnic background of these women could not explain their experiences. This supports the salutogenic theory that emphasizes the importance of individual resources that enables human beings to solve problems and use available resources to develop a sense of wellbeing."
721230,"Klaus Levinsen, University of Southern Denmark; Jon Lund Elbek, University of Southern Denmark","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Getting Away with Murder: Police Non-performance and Trust in the Police,Roundtable,"Since the beginning of the 1990’ies, the question of police legitimacy has received increasing amounts of attention from both practitioners and scholars. While disagreements still exists on the measurement of the legitimacy of the police, there seems to be widespread agreement on including the citizens’ trust in the police as a component. Furthermore, a consensus seems to be forming around the idea, that procedural justice is the key antecedent to the legitimacy of the police, compared to other variables such as effectiveness of policing or the fairness of the distribution of police services. Based on survey data from the Danish part of the European FP7-research project MYPLACE, involving a sample of young Danish citizens (N=936) we propose a new way of measuring citizens’ evaluation of the effectiveness of the police. Our measure relies on a more indirect line of questioning, than the one usually employed. Data suggests that while the perceived fairness of the police officers’ conduct and the procedures used by the police are undoubtedly important for the citizens’ trust in the police, the effectiveness of the police remains an important explanatory factor, even when controlling for the levels of social trust and the fairness of the police."
721245,"Barret Michalec, University of Delaware; Fred Hafferty, Mayo Clinic","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Applications and Practice of Medical Sociology,"Role Theory and Interprofessional Education: Understandings, Practices, and Pedagogical Challenges",Section,"This theory-driven piece dissects the changing role(s) of the physician; how they have been shaped and altered over the past decades; and how structural shifts within, and external to, medicine and medical practice have had significant impact on the roles of doctors in society, including how these roles are perceived and determined.   In examining these issues, we pay particular attention to medicine’s modern day professionalism movement and the move to team-based care as major influences on, and reflections of, these role changes."
721251,"Linn Posey-Maddox, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Anna Haley-Lock, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Doing Enough? Examining Parents’ and Educators’ Understandings of and Experiences with Family-School Relations,Roundtable,"Parent involvement has received considerable attention in education policy in recent years, based upon the assumption that strong family-school relationships translate into positive educational outcomes. Across these calls for involvement, it is often assumed that parents and teachers have a shared understanding of why and how parents should engage in their child’s education. Yet a growing body of research demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case. Although previous studies have investigated a range of influences on family-school relations individually, relatively few have explored the ways in which they interact – that is, how various factors that shape teacher and parent views, respectively, combine to produce parents’ type and extent of engagement in support of their children’s education. Drawing from in-depth interviews with teachers and mothers and parent survey data exploring exploring parents’ juggling acts with work, home and school obligations, this paper examines how mothers and educators understand expectations for parental engagement in children’s education, the sources of those understandings, and ways that those understandings together mold family-school relationships. The research reveals divergence in parents’ and teachers’ conceptions of parental engagement, stemming from external performance pressures on educators to stress school-based models of family-school relations and the realities mothers face in needing to fit engagement into their roles at work and home."
721253,"Jon E. Fox, University of Bristol; Laura Morosanu, University of Sussex; Eszter Szilassy, University of Bristol","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Discourses on Discrimination: Talking Status, Making Race",Roundtable,"There is mounting evidence to suggest that East European migrants in the UK have been victims of discrimination.  Reports of pay gaps point to the possibility of structural discrimination, restrictions on employment operate as a kind of legal discrimination, and politicians and the media construct East European migrants as different and the source of concern.  The Hungarians and Romanians we spoke with in Bristol also reported discrimination, albeit in ways that carefully deflected its racialized connotations.  But they also denied that they were victims of discrimination.  Why would East Europeans, the supposed victims of discrimination, deny and deflect discrimination?  We argue that the discursive strategies preferred and proffered by East Europeans reflect their ambiguous position in Britain’s status hierarchies.  Denying discrimination and deflecting its racialized connotations help resolve this ambiguity in their favour by aligning them with other deniers and deflecters of discrimination:  a white British/European majority.  We examine the ways Hungarians and Romanians negotiate their ambiguous status through these different discourses about discrimination.  We argue that they are not claiming they are white, but they are claiming a higher status in ways that produce whitening effects.   Whiteness doesn’t determine status; rather, status determines whiteness."
721260,"Jonathan Jan Benjamin Mijs, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Prisons and Prisoners 2,Making the ‘Ex-con:’ Identity and Relational Reconfiguration in a Prisoner Reentry Organization,Regular,"Every year 700,000 men and women are released from penitentiary. A growing literature in criminology and sociology examines their struggles in trying to find a way back in society. Research currently focuses on individual struggles during reentry, neglecting that individuals reenter through an organizational context. Building on a year of ethnographic fieldwork with Safe, a government-funded nonprofit contractor servicing formerly incarcerated men and women (‘clients’), I show the pivotal role that the reentry organization plays by institutionalizing the pathway to prisoner reentry: a reentry trajectory, established and enforced by Safe, that is directed toward a particular idea of rehabilitation, defines the steps to get there, and keeps clients away from the ‘people, places and things’ of their past. The reentry trajectory takes formerly incarcerated men and women through a process of identity and relational reconfiguration, the product of which is the ‘ex-convict,’ who is dependent on professionals, isolated from his or her community, and equipped with an exaggerated sense of agency in the face of sizable barriers to housing, employment, and community life, and a strong likelihood of re-incarceration."
721272,"Ashleigh Elain McKinzie, University of Georgia","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Deconstruction of Destruction Stories: Narrative, Inequality, and Disasters",Roundtable,"There is a commonly held belief that natural disasters do not discriminate. However in this paper, I ask the following theoretical question: What can the elision of race, class, and gender in the news media tell us about disasters in the neoliberal era? I employ ethnographic content analysis to examine two prominent newspapers and their coverage of the recovery process after devastating tornadoes in two towns: Joplin, Missouri and Tuscaloosa, Alabama,  I make the following arguments: 1)The narrative of the news media is one we are familiar with and can understand, this narrative fits into larger “formula stories.” I use social psychological concepts to explain how differences are erased and make us complicit to hegemonic representations. 2)  I use critical theory to elucidate why this occurs and draw from Goldberg (2002) to suggest the news media uses “fantasies of homogenization” when representing communities after disaster. In conclusion, I emphasize the crucial need for interrogation of the news media and whose lives it purportedly represents."
721279,"Ronald Weitzer, George Washington University","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Legal Prostitution Systems: Challenges and Best Practices,Roundtable,"This roundtable will focus on legal prostitution regimes – both their main features (in contrast to illegal prostitution) and the challenges and problems confronting them. After a brief presentation covering key dimensions of legal, state-regulated prostitution, I will present a set of issues for roundtable discussion: including key challenges facing different types of legal systems as well as the possibility of identifying “best practice” regulations in such legal systems.   Drawing from the experiences of societies that have legalized prostitution, the roundtable is intended to help participants “think outside the box” and discuss alternatives to the prevailing criminalization approach in the United States and in many other nations. The discussion will include my research findings on three European nations where prostitution is de jure or de facto legal (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands) as well as secondary material from Nevada, Australia, and New Zealand. I will compare selected cities in the three nations in terms of their legal arrangements and social organization: what is permitted, what is outlawed, geographical distribution of businesses, size of the market, patterns of public order and social control, and implications of these cases for other cities. Participants will be asked for feedback on a proposed set of ""best practices."""
721280,"Rebecca Farber, Boston University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies",Performing Medical Tourism in the Thai Transgender Cabaret,Regular,"This presentation illustrates how tourism and medical technologies concurrently construct new forms of gendered labor and national identity through the case of the transgender cabaret in Thailand. Thailand has become a global leader of medical tourism, or health-related travel, largely by specializing in cosmetic and sex change operations (Connell, 2011; Wilson, 2010).  Thai transgender male-to-females (“kathoey”) who undergo these surgeries often work in the sex or entertainment industry (Winter and Udomsak, 2002).  The kathoey cabaret is a well-known tourist attraction that explicitly markets kathoey sexuality and beauty to foreign audiences (Manderson, 1997).  As medical tourism “trickles down” to create jobs in the local economy (Connell, 2011), it also intersects with entertainment tourism to foster new labor roles, bodies, and identities for local transgender women.  By analyzing Thailand’s foreign investments, military history, and discursive practices, this research unveils how kathoey advance medical tourism and state development through their material and symbolic roles in the cabaret. With Thailand actively “rebranding” its national identity from the “blot” of sex tourism (Bandelj, Centeno, & Wherry, 2011), transgender cabaret performers represent globalized ideals of race, femininity, and Thai modernity on a transnational stage."
721288,"Benjamin Merriman, University of Chicago; John Levi Martin, University of Chicago","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Habitus,A Social Aesthetics as a General Cultural Sociology?,Regular,"Scholars have long acknowledged a distinction between cultural sociology, which assumes a central role for culture in many spheres of social life, and a narrower sociology of Culture focused upon the production, distribution, consumption and reception of what are consensually taken to be Cultural products and services. This article argues that the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu, commonly associated with the sociology of culture, presents a cultural sociology, a systematic account of the role of culture across social domains. This general cultural sociology is by its nature an aesthetics—an examination of how actors respond to the qualitative properties of their experiences. Aesthetics, rather than being confined to a small area of high culture, is the most reasonable model for a science of action. This article presents a brief overview of a field approach to aesthetics, then offers a rereading of Bourdieu that suggests that his work may provide the basis for an aesthetic approach to social explanation. It then argues that by focusing “second-order” judgments—judgments of the distinguishing judgments of others—it may be possible to demonstrate the most fundamental ways that this social aesthetics can point the way to a rigorous cultural sociology of action. This argument hangs upon the consubstantiality of judgments: judgments, like things judged, have a perceptible reality, which may allow social actors (and social researchers) to orient themselves in the social world by responding to the judgments of other actors."
721296,"Felicia Wu Song, Westmont College; Newly Paul, Louisiana State University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Consumers and Consumption Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Online Shopping as a Labor of Love: Motherhood and the Social Construction of Baby Registries,Roundtable,"This paper examines how women engage in online product research as a means to negotiate their transition into motherhood. Drawing upon data from in-depth interviews with thirty-two expectant mothers, the paper demonstrates how the process of constructing baby registries is mediated by intensive online product research. By exploring how these women employed information resources to meet the perceived challenge of consumption, we show how expectant mothers work to gain entry into the social world of motherhood by performing online product research as a sign of responsibility and competence, a means of overcoming anxiety and uncertainty, and a source of reassurance and empowerment."
721300,"Wei-Lin Chen, University of Iowa","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Effect of Education on Social Tolerance: Controlling for Social Desirability Bias,Roundtable,"This paper investigates whether the effect of education on social tolerance is consistently positive across different time periods.  Since the numbers of enrollment in higher education have been increasing for the past decades, the influence of education could have changed.  With the data from General Social Survey (GSS): 1977-2012 and hierarchical age-period-cohort models, the results from this study show that: 1) people with more education express more positive attitudes toward homosexuality and homosexual acceptance; 2) the effect of education on attitudes toward homosexuality has been continuously increasing over time; and 3) the effect of education on homosexual acceptance is small, but is still positive over time periods.  Society has become more tolerant of homosexuality and homosexual acceptance, and younger generations have been shown to be more open to homosexual acceptance and more tolerant than older generations.  Liberal religious and political views are positively associated with homosexuality and homosexual acceptance.  Finally, with Monte Carlo simulation and comparison between simulation and OLS results, the paper also finds that social desirability bias influences individual attitudes toward homosexuality and homosexual acceptance.  Social desirability bias decreases the estimate of education on homosexuality and homosexual acceptance."
721305,"Hannah K. Knudsen, University of Kentucky","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA","Section on Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Environmental Munificence and State-Level Variation in Physicians Waivered to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Dependence,Roundtable,"With the FDA’s approval of buprenorphine in 2002, a new treatment option became available to reduce the social and medical costs associated with untreated opioid dependence. Buprenorphine differs from most prescription medications in that physicians must actively seek a “waiver” in order to prescribe it. This system of “waivering” raises the question of whether states vary in their supply of buprenorphine physicians, defined as the number of “waivered” physicians per 1 million residents. This study integrates data extracted from the DEA’s database of waivered physicians with state-level indicators of environmental munificence, opioid-specific demand characteristics, and macro environmental factors. As of December 2013, the average state had about 83 buprenorphine physicians per 1 million residents. There were large regional differences between states in the Northeast relative to states in the Midwest, South, and West, which persisted in a multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. The final model provided strongest support for associations between indicators of environmental munificence and buprenorphine physician supply. Specifically, the percentage of residents covered by Medicaid, population-adjusted availability of opioid treatment programs, and availability of substance abuse treatment facilities were positively associated with buprenorphine physician supply. In addition, buprenorphine physician supply was positively correlated with states’ rates of overdose deaths, suggesting that physicians may seek the waiver in response to the magnitude of the opioid problem in their state. Taken together, these findings point to ongoing disparities in the availability of health care in the US, which can be partly attributed to specific state characteristics."
721306,"Ann M. Horwitz, University of Maryland-College Park","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Current Perceptions and Potential Re-framings of Environmental Issues,A Movement in Its Own Right: Understanding the Conservative Position on Environmental Issues,Regular,"The sociological study of social movements has focused largely on the left wing. Less understood are the dynamics of movements on the right. As global climate change has become a salient issue in American public discourse, it has galvanized the environmental movement; sociologists have paid much attention to these developments. How the conservative movement engages in the climate change debate--and environmental issues generally--is still an understudied question. When conservatives' environmental stances are analyzed, they are addressed through the theoretical lens of countermovements, examining conservative activism only as it relates to environmental activism. Moreover, in the literature, there is mostly a narrow focus on conservatives' anti-science positions, such as climate change denial. This study analyzes articles, op-eds, reports, speeches, and Congressional testimonies posted on the websites of nine leading conservative think tanks to understand whether and how the conservative movement discusses scientific consensus and the environmental movement. It finds that, overall, conservatives do not stake out a particular position on consensus science and do not counter the environmental movement explicitly. The findings reflect the possibility that political polarization on environmental issues is overstated. They also suggest that the conservative movement warrants greater attention from sociologists by itself, and not just as a counter-movement to left-wing activism."
721307,"Cynthia Feliciano, University of California-Irvine; Yader R. Lanuza, University of California-Irvine","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Paper Session. Immigrant Trajectories,Explaining the Immigrant Advantage in Adolescent Educational Expectations,Section,"Ample research has documented both the importance of educational expectations for future educational outcomes as well as the uniquely high expectations of children of immigrants. However, previous research has not focused on how expectations are formed in childhood or why children of immigrants have an expectations advantage over their native-born counterparts. This study draws on ECLS-K data to analyze how the educational expectations advantage among children of immigrants emerges from kindergarten to 8th grade. Results show that, once socioeconomic differences are considered, adolescent children of immigrants across all racial/ethnic groups are more likely to expect to complete graduate school than their native-born counterparts. Regression analyses reveal that this immigrant advantage is largely explained by higher parental expectations, more interest in school, and foreign language proficiency. We argue that these factors can be conceptualized as forms of cultural capital that are common in immigrant families and stem from unique aspects of the immigrant experience."
721309,"Philip S. Brenner, University of Massachusetts-Boston; Shane Sharp, Northern Illinois University; John D. DeLamater, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Methodology Paper Session. Open Topic I,Measurement Directiveness as a Cause of Response Bias: Evidence from Three Survey Experiments,Section,"Extant research comparing survey self-reports of normative behavior to direct observations and time diary data have yielded evidence of extensive measurement bias. However, most of this research program has relied on observational data, comparing independent samples from the same target population, rather than comparing survey self-reports to a criterion measure for individual respondents. The present research addresses this next step using data from three studies. In each study, respondents completed a conventional survey questionnaire, including questions about frequency of religious behavior. Respondents were then asked to participate in a text messaging (SMS) data collection procedure, reporting either (1) participation in religious behavior specifically or (2) all changes in major activity without explicitly specifying religious behavior. Findings suggest that directive measurement, priming the respondent to consider the focal behavior, is a cause of measurement bias."
721314,"Guang Ying Mo, University of Toronto","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Does Diversity Foster Diversity? A Multilevel Model Analysis with GRAND,Roundtable,"The rhetoric of diversity argues that diversity is beneficial for organizations and widely accepted by organizations. However, many studies challenge this idea, showing that diversity leads to communication difficulties, conflicts among co-workers, decreases in trust, and other negative outcomes. Aiming to solve the debate over the value of diversity, this paper conceptualizes two types of diversity, compositional diversity at the macro-level and interactional diversity at the micro-level, to examine how the diversity designed by the organization efficaciously affects boundary-spanning interactions among organization members. Using the social network and interview data of the GRAND Network Centre of Excellence, a Canadian research network, this article conducts mixed methods to investigate the dynamics of cross-disciplinary interactions among researchers. The findings show that in research collaborations an organizational design composed of multiple disciplines both fosters and hinders interactions across disciplinary boundaries – it facilitates such interactions by creating the opportunities to expand a multidisciplinary network, but causes barriers between researchers by exposing them to the differences in their disciplines. Therefore, an organizational design of multidisciplinarity may reach its maximum effects if accompanied by other measures such as developing networks among researchers, promoting motivations in multidisciplinarity, and fostering common ground among disciplines."
721316,"Joshua Murray, Vanderbilt University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA","Section on Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Influence, Environment, or Selection: The Spread of PED use in MLB",Roundtable,"Why do individuals tend to be similar to those they associate with?  Distinguishing between the potential causal factors underlying the social clustering of behaviors is difficult due to nature of voluntary associations traditionally studied. Major League Baseball teams represent a form of association that is not entirely voluntary, and thus, serves as an exemplary case for distinguishing between influence, environment, and selection as mechanisms generating similarity within social networks. In this article, I utilize the names listed in the Mitchell Report and the names of baseball players who have tested positive for performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) to determine that the primary force responsible for the clustering of PED users in teammate networks is social influence."
721320,"Emily Huddart Kennedy, University of Alberta","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Food Politics and Food Justice,Small-p Politics: Political Apathy and Civic Life in Local Food Movements,Regular,"Research draws attention to the de-politicization of everyday life as indicated by a narrowing of the public sphere and a rise in individualistic responses to problems that impact the collective. For instance, in food studies, scholars note food politics often ignores critical social justice issues in favour of individual commodity solutions. I consider these observations in a case study of local food movements, and ask: What are the everyday practices that reproduce local food movements? I address this question by talking with food activists, drawing from participant observation, and integrating theorizing around political apathy and civic life. I observe a proliferation of ‘small-p’ politics (e.g., avoiding conflict) crowding out ‘big-P’ politics (e.g., protesting) in the discourse of participants. Although small-p politics offer the advantage of attracting large numbers of participants and achieving small wine, I argue this civic practice is ultimately problematic. Small-p political practices avoid injustice frames, and therefore fail to address structural barriers (e.g., class inequality). In Perrin’s (2009) words, by eschewing big-P politics, local food movements are limiting the “democratic imagination”. Apathy and apoliticism are key concerns for those interested in democracy and the public sphere. This case-study contributes to understanding these phenomena in two ways: first, the case-study sheds light on how popular movements filled with progressive people can have a limited democratic imagination, and second, I theorize the components and consequences of small-p politics, drawing from previously un-integrated political theorizing."
721329,"A. Alex Reda, Brown University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Trends and Differentials of Dramatic Rise in Family Planning Adoption in Ethiopia,Roundtable,"Ethiopia has been characterized by high population growth. In the past decade, there have been rapid social changes that could alter the reproductive trajectories of the population. Among these, expansion of almost universal primary health care, economic growth, urbanization, and increased access to education are notable. This study aims to examine trends in family planning use among married young women in Ethiopia in the past decade. I found a marked rise in contraceptive use that is far higher than the national average of 27% in 2011 among select groups of women. Young women living in urban areas (58.4%) and those with education beyond primary school (60.5%) show the largest increases in contraceptive use since 2000 and 2005. In general, all women, including those living in rural areas, and with no education, have more than doubled their adoption of modern contraceptive use. The general trend shows that contraceptive use has continued to more than double in the two halves of the decade covered by this study. Urban residence is the strongest predictor of adoption of a modern family planning method. The impact of women’s education is dependent on whether a woman lives in rural or urban areas, the later having a more positive influence. With increasing socioeconomic improvements and urbanization, fertility rates will continue to decline in Ethiopia. This is likely to slow the population growth rate in the long ran."
721330,"Jarrett Alan Thibodeaux, Vanderbilt University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",The Historical Contingency of Becoming a Marijuana (and Alcohol) User,Roundtable,"This paper argues for researchers to take seriously historical context when looking at predictors of deviance. The analysis of historical context is especially important for social learning theory: Not only are different definitions taught but from where and the way definitions are learned changes over time. This paper uses the relationships between religiosity, political orientation and educational commitment on marijuana and alcohol use as examples of how relationships change depending on the historical context under examination. Data was gathered from the 1976 to 1996  monitoring the future series. A series of cross-sectional logistic regression models and a ‘relational distribution analysis’ were used to examine within and between institution changes in the relevance of statistical relationships over time. It is shown that the relationships between political orientation and drug use changed after Reagan’s presidential election due to a within institution change: a decline in drug use among liberals. It is also shown that the relationships between religion and alcohol use changed after the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984 due to a between institution change: a decline relative to other institutions (especially educational commitment)."
721333,"Kathryn Marie Nowotny, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA","Section on Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Race/Ethnic Disparities in the Utilization of Treatment for Drug Dependent Inmates in U.S. State Correctional Facilities,Roundtable,"This study examines the race/ethnic disparities in treatment for drug dependent inmates. The data come from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities. The sample includes 4,507 inmates housed within 286 prisons. Multi-level modeling is used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. The dichotomous outcome measure (treatment) is examined using hierarchical generalized linear models with a linked logit function. The analysis accounts for differences in background characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital status, foreign born status, veteran status), socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., education, employment prior to incarceration), mental health (i.e., diagnosis with a serious mental illness), and incarceration experiences (i.e., current conviction, previous incarceration episodes, time served, additional sentencing requirements, external social bonds, disciplinary violations) as well as the prison environment (i.e., housed within medical or geriatric correctional facilities, proportion black, Latino, under 25 years old, violent offenders, receiving job training, and ever in solitary confinement). The variance components model indicates that, on average, 44 percent of drug dependent inmates have utilized some type of substance use treatment. Compared to whites, drug dependent inmates of color have significantly lower rates of utilizing treatment. The addition of statistical controls explains the disparity among blacks but only partially explains the disparity among Latinos. The findings suggest that it is differences in background and socioeconomic characteristics of inmates that largely account for these disparities."
721348,"Chih-Chien Huang, Arizona State University; Scott Thomas Yabiku, Arizona State University; Stephanie Ayers, Arizona State University; Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld, Arizona State University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Overweight/Obesity Penalties in Economic Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adults, 1991-2009",Roundtable,"China’s social and economic reform, beginning in 1978, accelerated capitalism and the availability of energy-dense, high fat foods and opened the door to Western ideas, including body image. However, it is unknown if the same weight penalties seen in the U.S., such as wage reductions for overweight/obese individuals, are associated with China’s social and economic reform. This study examines the economic outcomes from individual ages of 18–55 (n= 12,095) who participated in a 1991–2009 study, the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We hypothesize that (1) becoming overweight or obese will be associated with reductions in monthly wages. (2) Occupations will function as a mediator underlying the association between weight status and economic well-being. (3) There is rising or exacerbating weight penalty in individual wages for occupations which require more social interactions. Methods: Linear fixed-effects regression estimates the net effect of weight status on monthly wages. All analyses are stratified by gender.  Results: There are overweight/obesity penalties for women but not for men; becoming overweight or obese is associated with a 5.7% reduction in for women. We did not find that occupation functions as a mediator for the association between weight status and economic outcomes regardless gender. There is emerging overweight/obesity penalty in men with profession-based occupations after 2004, and there is disappearing overweight/obesity reward in men with service-based occupations after 2000. Conclusions: This article argues that recent Chinese social changes may have potentially reproduced the Western experience of weight penalties in economic outcomes."
721349,"Bradley Campbell, California State University-Los Angeles","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Truth, Lies, and Partisanship",Roundtable,"Support from third parties—partisanship—gives aggrieved parties an advantage over their adversaries, and so those on the losing side of a conflict might employ various strategies, some truthful and some deceptive, to attract support and change their fate.  They can publicize their adversaries’ wrongdoing so that more people come to know about it.  They can reframe the conflict so that they come to be seen as more sympathetic and their adversaries worse.  They can make a false accusation against their adversaries so that third parties intervene believing a much more serious offense has occurred.  Or they can actually encourage or even provoke their adversaries to engage in some more serious offense.  Here I discuss each of these strategies in a variety of contexts—including small-scale interpersonal conflicts and large-scale political conflicts—and I draw from Donald Black’s theories of conflict and social control to identify the social conditions conducive to the occurrence and success of these strategies."
721355,"Christian Krekel, German Institute for Economic Research","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Home Alone? The Effects of Children Leaving and Returning Home on Parental Well-being,Roundtable,"This paper investigates the effects of children leaving and returning home on parental well-being, using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the time period between 1984 and 2010. It demonstrates that children leaving home are initially associated with a short-term reduction in parental well-being, which is stronger for empty nest than for partial launch. However, the short-term reduction is followed by a long-term rise in parental well-being, whereby parents that are typically assumed to suffer relatively more from role conflict during parenthood also feel a relatively greater relief from children leaving home, in particular those that are female and those that live in high-income households. Conversely, children returning home unambiguously reduce parental well-being in the short-run and in the long-run. However, the short-term reduction is statistically insignificant when controlling for individual and household characteristics of parents. As it turns out, the transmission mechanisms through which children leaving home affect parental well-being are mental health in general and role-emotional functioning, as specified in the Short-Form (SF12v2) Health Survey, which has been incorporated into the SOEP."
721357,"Koji Takahashi, The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Regular/Non-regular Wage Gap Between and Within Japanese Firms,Roundtable,"The volume of non-regular employment is expanding in Japan, and the wage gap between regular/non-regular employees is considered to be a serious problem. In order to determine which type of measure is effective to reduce this gap, it is necessary to examine whether it is an “inter-firm wage gap” which reflects the wage levels of firms or an “intra-firm wage gap” which exists within each firm. Accordingly, coefficients of the wage functions estimated by the pooled OLS model were compared with those estimated by the fixed-effect model, using the nationwide employer-employee matching data collected by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (N = 23,407 employees nested in 7,118 firms). As a result, it is found that the regular/non-regular wage gap estimated by the pooled OLS model does not differ from that estimated by the fixed-effect model, as is the case with the gender wage gap. This means that every firm uses non-regular employees regardless of their productivity or wage level, and that the regular/non-regular wage gap in the labor market is generated purely within each firm. In other words, it is an “intra-firm wage gap.” Therefore, the only way to reduce the wage gap is equalization within each firm. On the contrary, it is also found that wage gaps by education and occupation in the labor market reflect the wage level of the firm, in other words, they have aspects of an “inter-firm wage gap.”"
721368,"Daniel Bin, Yale University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Crisis, Public Debt and Financialization of the Brazilian Economy",Roundtable,"Beginning with an analysis of the global context of substitution of monetarist for developmentalist ideology, this paper examines the crisis phenomena and capitalist reconstruction that contributed to the financial expansion of the Brazilian economy. Its central hypothesis is that this process occurred in a context of reorganization of economic relations, in which the state’s role was fundamental despite the neoliberal discourse. Actually, efforts to restore the profits of classes whose incomes were reduced by welfare policies were subjacent to this discourse. In Brazil, the neoliberal ideology started to be consolidated in the mid-1990s, with the Real Plan as its landmark. In addition to inflation control, the plan aimed at attracting capital that was circulating globally in search of better investment possibilities. Reproducing the historical connection between capitalism and state, a financial expansion of the Brazilian economy also occurred under this association, in which public debt was the great engine. If public debt is not concrete in a strict economic sense, it is concrete in its capacity to impose material restrictions on large social segments."
721370,"Martha Foschi, University of British Columbia","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Experimental Contributions to Immigration Research,Roundtable,"Experiments are not common in immigration research.  In this paper I argue for the need of more work utilizing that methodology.  I report on a review I conducted of experiments on immigration topics, discuss the advantages of those studies, and propose lines for future sociological experimental research in this area.  I also describe and counter the often expressed concerns about experiments in the social sciences – namely, those about (1) artificiality of the designs and (2) limited generalizability of the findings."
721376,"Yaron Girsh, Hebrew University-Jerusalem","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Children and Youth Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The (Late?) Modern Family: The Family’s Significance for Adolescents in Germany and Israel,Roundtable,"This study presents German and Israeli youth’s heroes and role models. Two hundred twenty-six students from 22 high schools took part in small group interviews. Despite differences in the normative place of the family in the two cultures, the comparison reveals significant similarities between their views and what attributes the subjects assign to their families. Three main models of family member as hero arise from the data: The Self-made Person, sacrifice and pro-social action (The Giver); and contending with everyday reality (Enduring Life’s Hardships). The results point to a) the fading of traditional heroes from the imagination of youth in post-industrial societies; b) the substantive place the family holds in young people’s lives. These findings challenge binary theoretical and political distinctions between the heroic and the mundane, and between the public and private spheres. I suggest that the rise of uncertainty and risk in the current socio-historical constellation, contribute to adolescents’ choices of figures from their immediate environments that embody safety and a moral framework."
721395,"Hakim Zainiddinov, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Racial and Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Discrimination among Muslim Americans,Roundtable,"Muslim Americans experience discrimination on multiple fronts, in a number of social settings, and in various forms. While discrimination against Muslims has been broadly researched and well documented, this group has been mainly looked at through an oversimplified homogenous lens. I use weighted data from the 2011 Pew Religion and Public Life Survey of 1,033 adult Muslim Americans to examine differences in the prevalence of perceived discrimination across Muslim racial/ethnic groups. I assess the socio-demographic correlates of perceived discrimination. I control for possible socio-demographic confounders, to determine whether the observed relationship between racial/ethnic groups and perceived discrimination persists. Hispanic and Asian Muslims are significantly more likely to acknowledge experiencing four out of five forms of discrimination.  Black Muslims are more likely to report a greater number of discriminatory acts only on one type of discrimination, which is “being single out by law enforcement officers.” The percent of black Muslims reporting this type of discrimination is four times greater than that of Asian Muslims. Nearly all non-white Muslim ethnic groups have notably higher odds of reporting experiencing one or more types of discrimination, relative to white Muslims. Women who are Muslims are less likely than Muslim men to report several forms of discrimination. Older Muslims report lower rates of perceived discrimination than their younger co-religionists. These findings suggest moving beyond the employment of broad categorization while emphasizing the differences of experiences that exist within heterogeneous racial/ethnic minority groups."
721397,"Erika Mae Lorenzana Del Villar, University of Connecticut","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Human Rights Paper Session. Human Rights, Social Policy, and the State",Redress for Victims of Terrorism: The Right to Reparations in the War on Terror,Section,"Four years after 9/11, the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (A/RES/60/288) was adopted, recognizing that the war on terror can only be won by protecting the rights of its victims. Almost a decade since its adoption, the application of a human rights framework to the protection of the rights of victims of terrorism has been largely neglected. A 2012 Report by UN Special Rapporteur Ben Emmerson sought to address this neglect, recommending that Member-States provide reparations to victims of terrorism regardless of the question of State responsibility. This paper explores what the application of the norms and laws on reparations under international law imply to the protection of the rights of victims of terrorism, and whether the concept of state responsibility can be overcome when viewing the rights of victims of terrorism as human rights. Analyzing the international norms surrounding victims’ rights vis-à-vis reparations and State responsibility, I argue that all States indeed have the obligation to protect the rights of victims as human rights, and provide avenues for redress. However, I also argue that the current construction of the concept of reparations makes state-level implementation tenuous at best. When applied to the war on terror – a situation where no consensus among states exists on the definition of terrorism, where the application of a human rights framework remains contentious, and where the perpetrators are unknown non-state actors without the capacity to provide redress – the issue of state responsibility vis-à-vis reparations to victims is not so easily overcome."
721403,"Kareem Buyana, Cavendish University Uganda","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Transnationalism(s) and the Changing Form and Functioning of African Family Set-ups,Roundtable,"Transnationalism(s) has created new socio-demographic spaces that reshape the process through which a family is constituted. This paper sets out to examine how the mobility of wedged work across borders, alongside other related factors, has altered the form and functioning of African family set ups. A historical perspective is given on the traditions and values that lie beneath African family dynamics, for purposes of illustrating how practices, gender roles and societal expectations on parenting and socialization of children have gradually changed. Such changes are discussed within the context of working overseas while maintaining familial ties with children and other relatives back home. The psychosocial consequences of this transnational family lifestyle are analyzed together with the implications for immigration policy and planning, using literature and interview data generated from mobile professionals in Kampala city, Uganda’s capital."
721405,"Lies D'haese, Ghent University; Mieke Van Houtte, Ghent University; Alexis Dewaele, Ghent University","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Coping with Antigay Violence: In-depth Interviews with LGB Adults,Roundtable,"Given the possible negative mental health outcomes of antigay violence and the limited understanding of how sexual minority individuals cope with such experiences, we are interested in the coping and social support-seeking strategies that victims adopt. In-depth interviews with nineteen sexual minority victims showed that antigay violence can have several physical and emotional consequences. However, the respondents employed a broad range of coping strategies. Actively attaching meaning to negative experiences  helped them in overcoming negative affect such as fear, embarrasement or depressive feelings. However, the presence of a supportive network seemed an important condition for these positive outcomes to occur."
721406,"Steven Michael Frenk, National Center for Health Statistics","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Roundtable Session,"Perception of the Availability of Informal Financial Support among the Elderly: Prevalence and Trends, 1999-2008",Roundtable,"This study examined the perception of the availability of informal financial support (i.e., ability to obtain financial support from family, friends, or others in the community) among U.S. adults 60 years and older and assessed whether its prevalence changed between 1999 and 2008. Data from the 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to generate prevalence estimates, test for differences among subpopulations, and test for the presence of linear trends. In 2007-2008, 74.6% of U.S. adults aged 60 years and older stated that they could access informal financial support, which is a significant decline from 1999-2002 when 81.3% said they could access it. Disadvantaged elderly adults (i.e., those with low PIR scores, poor health, and who lacked full food security) were less likely to report that they had access to it. During a period of macroeconomic fluctuations, the percentage of elderly adults who believed they could obtain informal financial support declined. Elderly adults most at risk of needing financial support to pay for daily expenses or medical emergencies were the least likely to have access to informal financial support. The study suggests that like other financial assets, access to informal financial support varies among subpopulations of the elderly."
721411,"Ole Pütz, Bielefeld University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Conflict Dynamics and Strategic Planning in Movement Groups: The Case of German Anti-Nuclear Power Groups,Roundtable,"Recent scholarship has called for a closer inspection of strategic planning in social movements as a way to deepen our understanding of activist's agency. In this paper, I contribute to this call by bringing the method of conversation analysis and corresponding findings to social movement studies. I use transcripts of audio recordings made at internal meetings of German anti-nuclear groups to analyze planning episodes. If we come to understand planning episodes as talk-in-interaction we can observe that planning is influenced by interactional microdynamics. Agreement and disagreement about proposals are not equivalent options and my analysis shows that strategic knowledge thrives in disagreements about proposals. I further introduce a sequential conflict model which defines conflicts as a series of at least three disagreeing moves where the fourth move establishes mutual opposition between the arguing parties. This model allows two observations: First, planning can be understood as a form of conflict and is shaped by it. Second, most conflicts discontinue when mutual opposition has been established. The discontinuation of conflicts is again a point where strategic reasoning may be introduced in the form of general principles that consolidate opposing views. In conclusion, I argue that the relative fixity of the goals of the anti-nuclear movement and uncertainty as to how directly reach the goals contribute to a reduced conflict potential."
721412,"Joshua Murray, Vanderbilt University; Michael Schwartz, State University of New York-Stony Brook","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. Collective Action in Comparative and Historical Perspective,Production Geographies and the Decline of the U.S. Automobile Industry,Section,"Over the last 40 years the U.S. auto industry has experienced a sharp decline, going from almost 90% U.S. market share to under 50%. The traditional explanation for this relationship is that union success bred the fall of the industry. That is, the general argument is that unions became too powerful, got greedy in their demands, and the result was a competitive disadvantage for a U.S. auto industry that began facing foreign competition in the 1970s. The decline of the auto industry, then is the result of the dual forces of globalization and the labor movement. We propose to flip the script. In this article, we document the relationship between the structure of auto production, innovation, and market share and profit to argue that it was management's actions that led to the fall of the U.S. auto industry, not labor's. That is, after the 1936-37 Flint Strike revealed the positional power of workers that resulted from the concentrated structure of auto production, management sought to remedy the situation. Rather than give workers a say in the production process, the Big Three auto companies abandoned centralized just-in-time production for a system of parallel just-in-case production. The unintended side effect was that management killed their own ability to implement innovations."
721414,"Sanyu A. Mojola, University of Colorado-Boulder; Jill R. Williams, University of Colorado-Boulder; Nicole Angotti, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Dimensions of AIDS,HIV after 40 in Rural South Africa,Regular,"South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV (5.3 million) as well as a rapidly aging population with 15% of the population aged 50 and over (Statistics South Africa 2009). In Agincourt, South Africa, a third of those in their 40s, a quarter of women and a third of men in their 50s, 10% of adults in their 60s, and over 5% of those in their 70s were HIV positive (Gomez-Olive et al 2013). These findings reflect not just aging with HIV, but also non negligible acquisition of HIV at middle and older ages. Using a life course approach, this paper combines HIV prevalence survey data, 60 nested life history interviews, 9 focus group and 9 key informant interviews to examine routes of HIV acquisition/ transmission among adults aged between 40-80. Specifically, we examine how and why adults over 40 are getting HIV."
721415,"Sanyu A. Mojola, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Gender,The Power of Love: Consuming Women and Providing Men,Regular,"The attainment of modernity through consumption has increasingly become a normalized part of African girls’ transition to womanhood, even in contexts of widespread poverty.  This paper will explore how the materiality of men’s love enables young women’s transformation into consuming womanhood and provides a material base for their performance of valued modern femininities."
721416,"Lily M. Hoffman, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Paper Session. Urban Areas and Global Sustainability (co-sponsored with the Section on Community and Urban Sociology),"Cities, from Sustainability to Resilience: Why Locality Matters",Section,"Cities, from Sustainability to Resilience:  Why Locality Matters  Lily M. Hoffman Sociology Department, CCNY and Graduate Program, CUNY, New York City, NY  Cities are a natural locus for environmental and ecological concerns.  Historically,  cities have given rise to challenges, but also to innovation.  For example, cities have long been the site of deadly outbreaks of infectious disease, but this, in turn, led to the development of the science and administrative apparatus of public health.   Many argue that the 21st century city faces particularly severe ecological challenges, due, in part to climate change and emerging infectious disease [EID]. This has led to a trend towards unified national and transnational disaster protocols.  Focusing on so-called “natural” disasters, with the caveat that all disasters have a social component, and drawing upon case studies of New York City during both the H1N1 pandemic of 2009 (Hoffman 2013), as well as Hurricane Sandy in 2012, this paper will discuss why and how locality matters, and argue that locality becomes even more important given shifts in ecological discourse.  Specific issues include: the tensions between national and transnational disaster protocols, regulatory agencies, and local decision-making; the role of civil society in a neo-liberal era; technology and urban governance; and cities as innovators as well as problem solvers."
721417,"Amaka Camille Okechukwu, New York University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Political Culture,The Shadow of Solidarity: A Micro-Analysis of Student Activist Conferences on the Left,Regular,"Social movement scholarship points to the significance of young people, particularly college students, in Civil Rights and New Left movements in the United States, but it also highlights the challenges that these groups faced in organizing, engaging racial and gendered difference, and finding consensus on ideological and tactical grounds. In a vastly different historical period, are young activists encountering these same challenges? How might past forms of stratification across axes of difference inform current modes of organization and interaction in student activist spaces? This study utilizes participant observation at student activist conferences, one of majority Black students, the other of majority white students, in order to examine micro-mobilization processes of group deliberation and strategizing; and formal and informal inter- and intra-group interaction, in order to study the socio-political organizing spaces of student activists on the Left. Findings point to the ways in which the rhetoric of solidarity can obscure ideological conflict, gender stratification, and social tension around queer politics, in the conference of Black students; and a white patriarchal culture unwilling to recruit racial minorities, antagonistic to women, and detached from queer politics, in the conference of mostly white students. Both conferences reveal the uncertainties and challenges student activists face in engaging difference, agenda setting, mobilizing, and sustaining long-term activist efforts in the current socio-political era."
721418,"Amaka Camille Okechukwu, New York University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Paper Session. Race and Law on the 50th Anniversary of the US Civil Rights Act,Backlash and Attack: The Movement to End Affirmative Action and Open Admissions in Public Universities,Section,"Though affirmative action in public universities has been challenged since its inception, not until the 1990s were these challenges successful—emerging from a politically determined, coordinated, and powerful conservative movement in the form of organizations, think tanks, public interest law firms, and elected officials. Though these networks are largely unacknowledged, they were able to take advantage of opportune political conditions and the adoption of ""colorblind"" neoliberal rhetoric, and shape the discourse and policy on racial access to education and other public goods. This paper documents the strategies utilized in successful challenges to race conscious admissions in two regionally distinct locations, at large public universities—City University of New York (CUNY) and University of California  (UC) (the larger chapter additionally includes University of Michigan (UM), and University of Texas-Austin (UT-Austin)). A variety of strategies and political conditions produced successful challenges to affirmative action and open admissions in the United States, including: the emergence of city and state leaders that embraced neoliberalism and its colorblind logics, the increasing importance (and conservative politicization) of university regents, conservative think tanks and public interest law firms, the deployment of conservative people of color spokespersons, appropriation of civil rights rhetoric and its legal strategies, and statewide referendums. Our understanding of the recent history of the retrenchment of race, gender, and class sensitive policies in public universities is important to the ways in which we understand educational access, the legacy of the civil rights movement, and the outcomes of a racialized neoliberal political dominance."
721422,"Cynthia J. Bogard, Hofstra University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Paper Session. Environment and Development,"Climate Change, Colonialism’s Residue and  Community Schools as “Indispensable Institutions” in Haiti",Section,"Four hundred years of natural resource extraction has left Haiti one of the most environmentally degraded nations on Earth, leaving it especially vulnerable to climate instability. Here it is argued that the racialized class conditions created by plantation colonialism paved the way for a current society beset by extreme social inequality, a corrupt government controlled by a tiny elite and continued natural resource exploitation without regard to provisioning for a sustainable environment or ameliorating climate change. Since Haitian national institutions are functionally ineffective and assistance from abroad is uneven at best and unable to implement effective national policy, it is suggested here that replicable local institutions, in particular, updated versions of community schools, might best be able to help develop meaningful solutions to the problems that climate instability is already visiting on this beleaguered nation. Haiti is usefully viewed as a case study of the situation many of the world’s impoverished nations will find themselves in as the climate changes while ameliorative institutions remain underdeveloped."
721423,"Michaela Soyer, Pennsylvania State University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Who Cares? The Role of Institutional Representatives in the Lives of Juvenile Offenders,Roundtable,"Utilizing the theoretical framework of Max Weber and Peter Blau, this paper seeks to understand the nature of exchange relationships between juvenile offenders and juvenile justice representatives. The analysis of interview and observational data collected over three years in Boston and Chicago reveals a complex dynamic between both sides. I am arguing that many teenagers engage in a balancing act of maintaining as much distance as possible while still displaying sufficient engagement to fulfill program requirements and eventually regain their freedom. The examples presented in this paper demonstrate the paradox of trying to implemented therapeutic interventions in a punitive structure. While a therapeutic approach to rehabilitation presupposes open-ended engagement of both parties involved, it is almost impossible for the young men to move beyond the power imbalance that structures their relationship to juvenile justice personnel. Only under rare contingent, individually circumstances is it possible for the young men to establish trust and experience true reciprocity during their interaction with probation officers, clinicians, and other staff members."
721424,"Mairead Eastin Moloney, University of Kentucky","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Navigating Issues Related to Identity, Illness, and Medicalization","Sometimes, It’s Easier to Write the Prescription: Reluctant Medicalization of Sleeplessness in the Patient-Physician Interaction",Regular,"This study explores the medicalization of sleeplessness at the level of patient-physician interaction. It is based on in-depth, qualitative interviews with patients prescribed sleep aids (N=27), and their physicians (N=8). While scholarship on medicalization tends to focus on macro-level trends, I identify forces that exert influence in the micro-level clinic visit. Consistent with the medicalization process, I find that personal troubles (e.g., stress) and natural life processes (e.g., aging) are being treated with medical solutions. Despite physician awareness of and resistance to the medicalization process, and fears of drug dependence expressed by both patients and physicians, sleep aids were nevertheless requested by patients and prescribed by physicians. In light of the contradictions between attitude and action, I have labeled this a case of “reluctant medicalization.” Contextual factors that appear to fuel the medicalization process include rhetorical authority, consumerism, physician compliance with patient requests, and constraints of the office visit."
721425,"Leslie Kim Wang, University of Massachusetts-Boston","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Transnational and Racial Dimensions of Care Work/Caring Labor,Outsourcing Intimacy:  Producing Global Adoptability of Special Needs Children in China,Regular,"Since the Chinese government first began allowing international adoption in 1992, over 130,000 children have migrated to a wide range of countries in the global north.  Although most scholarly attention has focused on healthy female adoptees, in recent years a growing number of special needs children have been placed in foreign homes.  This paper highlights the efforts that take place in China to transform unwanted disabled and ill children into internationally desirable daughters and sons.  I draw upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork in four medical foster homes in China run by Western evangelical Christians that cared for special needs youth. In these homes, intimate reproductive and affective labor practices that were inspired by first-world understandings of care “revalued” marginalized children and prepared them for middle-class lives abroad.  The global humanitarian aid industry’s presence in China has allowed government authorities to outsource intimate labor to highly-resourced foreign groups, which are motivated by their own child-saving agendas.  This case study illustrates the cultural and ethical complexities that link commodified processes of global capitalism with the transnational circulation of children."
721432,"Keiko Nakao, Tokyo Metropolitan University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Consensus or Dissensus in Occupational Prestige Evaluation: A New Approach to Measuring Consensus,Roundtable,"Numerous empirical studies of occupational prestige in the past several decades have accumulated a great deal of knowledge about the ways in which people evaluate the social standing of various occupations.  One of the major findings is that individuals in different social locations were found to provide similar responses in their judgement about the occupational hierarchy in the society.  At the same time, however, the individuals do vary in their responses to a certain degree and the level of agreement was found to be different in individuals with varying social status.  In this paper, a theoretical model of cultural consensus and its related methods are shown to be useful in providing answers to whether the level of agreement is high enough to call the prestige hierarchy a consensus or a collective conscience.  The application of these methods enables us to measure the portion of prestige perception that is commonly shared by all individuals relative to the amount of variation observed between subgroups and individuals."
721433,"Jonathan Z Friedman, New York University; Elizabeth Anderson Worden, American University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Spatiality of Knowledge Making: Campus Space and the Epistemic Environments of Area Studies Centers,Roundtable,"Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among area studies centers across eight American universities, this study develops theory linking the allocation of space on university campuses and the production of knowledge.  Despite its centrality to how epistemic cultures are forged and reproduced in the everyday social life of the university, sociologists of knowledge have largely taken physical space as a given, rather than a highly variable resource.  In this article, we examine how both the spatial configurations of area studies centers, as well as their location within broader campus topographies, shape the way that they form congregations, support processes of knowledge exchange and disciplinary socialization, and improve their status and legitimacy within the institutionalized academic hierarchy.  In this study, we begin to widen the keyhole through which sociologists of knowledge consider space, examining the mediating roles of square footage, aesthetics and campus location in a centers’ support of knowledge production, as they pursue such tactics as forming an intellectual hub, fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere, and building their campus presence.  Though the empirical base for these conclusions stem from the particular study of area studies centers, they are offered here as a window on the quotidian lifeworlds of scholars on university campuses more generally.  We suggest that these campus units simultaneously form the backbone of an organized intellectual enterprise, the container of an epistemic environment, and the symbol of their academic fields.  In each of these roles, we argue that spatial allocations are the fulcra upon which their intellectual endeavors pivot."
721446,"Erin A. Cech, Rice University; Jessi L. Smith, Montana State University; Anneke Metz, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Indigenous Peoples 2,Native American College Students’ Experiences of Disadvantage,Regular,"Although Native American populations have faced some of the worst forms of institutionalized oppression in U.S. history, sociologists understand little about their current experiences of prejudice and disadvantage, or their responses to these experiences.  Our paper seeks to advance this understanding by offering an initial theoretical framework of forms of and responses to disadvantage reported by Native American college students. Drawing from in-depth interviews with Native American students at two universities, we find that students encounter several forms of interpersonal prejudice—derogatory stereotyping, exoticized othering, and delegitimation—attributed in part to systemic ignorance about Native Americans.  Students tend to respond to these interpersonal prejudices by purposefully educating others and working to disprove stereotypes.  Students also describe being personally affected by manifestations of more structural, socio-historical forms of disadvantage, including the effects of poverty and poor educational opportunities within reservation communities, and threatened cultures, which they respond to by spanning two worlds and by committing to use their education to give back to tribal communities.  We discuss how these cultural and structural processes, especially symbolic ignorance, the importance of cultural content, and efforts of resistance, may be applicable in research on other Native American populations and to racial/ethnic inequality literature more broadly."
721447,"Daniel Navon, Harvard University; Gil Eyal, Columbia University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Paper Session. Topics in Science, Knowledge and Technology Studies",Looping Genomes: Diagnostic Expansion and the Genetic Makeup of the Autism Population,Section,"How does the classification of human difference interact with the genetic makeup of the populations who are so classified? We draw on Ian Hacking’s framework of “dynamic nominalism” (1995; 2007), which shows how diagnostic classifications and the “kinds of people” they delineate can interact or “loop” over time in ways that recursively transform the categories, their attendant expert practices and even the people themselves. Crucially, we add knowledge about genetic etiology to the mix of elements that can both effect change and be changed through looping processes. Using historical materials, we examine the relationship between autism’s “geneticization” and its secular growth in prevalence, arguing that evidence of genetic heritability and the related destigmatization of the condition made an important contribution to the processes of diagnostic expansion that drove the autism “epidemic”. However, we also show how diagnostic expansion helped create autism’s enormous genetic heterogeneity, such that there are now well over a hundred genomic anomalies associated with autism spectrum disorders or ASDs. But how could we possibly demonstrate this? We use disorders that are delineated strictly according to genetic mutations as a strategic research site: because they are fixed to genetic mutations, rising ASD rates in these “genomically designated” conditions indicate that changes in diagnostic practice have dramatically increased the genetic heterogeneity of autism. We argue that this finding indicates the need to consider the way looping processes, including those that involve genetics research itself, can transform the genetic makeup of populations."
721449,"Linda M. Blum, Northeastern University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Hard Times for Families in Hard Social Spaces,Single Mothers and Disabled Kids in the Age of Neuroscience,Section,"Part of a larger qualitative project on mothers and mother-blame in our era of neuroscientific authority, this paper explores the experiences of 23 single mothers raising kids among the burgeoning number diagnosed with mild to moderate invisible disorders (ADHD is the most prevalent, but this group also includes Asperger’s syndrome, emotional disorders like depression and anxiety, and also other behavioral and learning disorders).  The paper suggests that the presence of an unruly child together with the absence of a husband puts such lone mothers in a distinct cultural location despite wide differences in class and ethnoracial location. In the context of attitudes, stereotypes, and suspicions raised by the increase in “fatherless” homes, such mothers may even be held responsible for burgeoning rates of childhood medicalization. The paper also finds evidence that such negative attitudes fall hardest on single mothers of color.  Media analysis also found that single mothers are often portrayed negatively -- when they are portrayed at all.  Thus there is good reason to credit the sense expressed by the single mothers interviewed that it is especially difficult for them to navigate professional waters on behalf of unruly children."
721451,"David R. Meyer, Washington University-St. Louis","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Asia and Asian America Paper Session. Work, Labor, and Inequality in Asia",The Financiers of Hong Kong and Singapore,Section,"Hong Kong and Singapore are among the top-five global financial centers. Yet, analyses of their trade and airline linkages in the world system identify them as part of the semi-periphery, albeit upwardly mobile. This study proposes a resolution of this paradox. Social network theory is used to formalize an explanation for how financiers and their firms operate in networks. Empirical analyses of Hong Kong and Singapore are based on qualitative interviews with financiers employed in corporate and investment banking, hedge funds, private equity, fund management, and private banking. Results demonstrate that financiers in Hong Kong and Singapore access rich network resources that support their financial behavior. They view themselves as benefiting in concrete ways from their local network and from their brokerage advantages in larger global networks."
721454,"Jeff Livesay, Colorado College","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Unger, Marx, and Simmel on Contradiction",Roundtable,"This essay compares Roberto Unger’s analysis of the contradiction of “contextuality” with Marx’s and Simmel’s notions of contradiction. Unger’s paradox of “contextuality” highlights the tension between humans’ inevitable context-dependence and their capacity to transcend the boundaries of practical and conceptual activity. The goal of Unger’s work is to conceptualize the loosening of this context-dependence – consequently diminishing the force of this contradiction – through the creation of contexts more open to revision in the course of people’s routine practices. Simmel, on the one hand, held that contradictions had ontological bases and were essentially unresolvable. Marx, on the other hand, believed that they were based on historically-specific structural arrangements and were resolvable only through crisis-generated transitions to new modes of production. Unger charts a middle course between these two conceptions. He agrees with Simmel that the paradox of contextuality is transhistorical, but, like Marx, he believes it can be at least partially resolved. However, Unger holds that its resolution is not dependent upon a transition to a qualitatively new social formation, but rather can be the product of reformist experiments which change our relation to our contexts and allow for transformation to occur in the absence of crisis. He would criticize Simmel for his “structural fetishism” (i.e., holding that “structures will be structures” in necessarily rigidly shaping social routines) and Marx for his “institutional fetishism” (i.e., the belief in the existence of a limited number of types or stages of social organization, whose parts combine to form an indivisible, functionally-interrelated package)."
721458,"Isabell Kathrin Stamm, University of California-Berkeley","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Research Poster Session. Communicating Sociology,Life Course Dynamics in American Entrepreneurial Families and their Effects on Business Continuity,Poster,"Family businesses still form the majority of the American business population. The corresponding entrepreneurial families are characterized by a specific structure forming a network of overlapping life courses that is in need for direct negotiations between the generations. In the light of a cultural context pronouncing independence and individuality, life course dynamics evolve that may have “cushioning” or “fueling” effects on the business development. The presented research Project looks at American entrepreneurial families. Interview material and business information on six families is secondarily analyzed via the Grounded Theory method. It is the object of this research project to develop a causal model of the triad between individual life events, familial life course dynamics, and the business development that allows for quantitative testing."
721460,"Simone Alexandra Kolysh, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Foglet Feminism: Keeping Intersectionality in Tension with Assemblage and Learning from Utility Fog,Roundtable,"In this paper, I consider intersectionality theory in tension with assemblage theory. The former offers a way to understand how a variety of social axes intersect while the latter helps rethink social axes and linear movements whether in time or in space. According to Jasbir Puar, the tension between intersectionality and assemblage can be fruitful but what does that tension look like? Utility fog, an active polymorphic material made up of microscopic robots (Foglets) that can morph into any object by communicating with its neighbors is a good example of what activism born out of the above theoretical tension may resemble. Feminists can be like Foglets, coming together for various causes without atomizing any particular identity and the movement's direction and strength can be in its ability to address a variety of personal and political ends. A real-world example of Foglet Feminism is the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement, its morphing into other responses and current incarnations. For example, the OccupySandy response has been successful in showing what community organizing and activism can do in times of need, which includes maintaining feminist principles, but does not just take up gender-based work. I offer Foglet Feminism as a model of feminism that can address several anti-oppressive ends while continuing to learn from communities and recognizing ongoing internal contradictions."
721461,"Simone Alexandra Kolysh, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Analysis of Old and New Homonormativities Rooted in Rubin's ""Thinking Sex""",Roundtable,"Homonormativity, located in the divide between radical and assimilationist U.S.-based LGBT politics, is the notion that there is a proper way to be gay and that certain agendas have precedence for the movement. Ordinarily, feminist scholars find Rubin’s “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality” helpful in understanding how specific sexual acts are placed in a hierarchy of sexual value. I argue that Rubin’s discussion of the ‘charmed circle’ and boundaries of acceptable sexual behavior can also be used to uncover possible mechanisms of homonormativity. Because the borders between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sex are permeable, certain groups negotiate their crossing when vying for respectability. These attempts at ‘moving to the top’ or becoming more ‘centered’ parallel assimilationist tactics in LGBT politics. Second, I argue that homonormativity is linked to a normative gender presentation in the same way compulsory heterosexuality connects to reinforcing the gender binary, as addressed by Butler in Gender Trouble. Finally, because homonormativity should not be divorced from its neo-liberal strategies and projects affecting LGBT people globally, I utilize Puar’s concept of homonationalism and work around pink-washing to provide a more complete picture."
721462,"Simone Alexandra Kolysh, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Cat-Calling as Heterosexual Norm: An Ethnographic Study of Men that Cat-Call,Roundtable,"Cat-calling, considered by some as street harassment, may be defined as whistling or other, sexually suggestive, sounds and utterances made by generally heterosexual men towards people perceived as women that are passing by, standing or otherwise occupying public space like the streets. When it comes to cat-calling, what is an often frustrating and pervasive street interaction for many women is considered harmless and innocent by most cat-callers and most people consider the interaction unimportant. This study captures stories of men that cat-call because data on cat-callers is lacking. I went about getting my interviews in two ways: I sat down to talk to one of the men that cat-called me on Broadway and Lafayette in New York City and I decided to spend several weeks with men hanging out in Washington Square Park (WSQ), notoriously known for their constant cat-calling. Many of the men are under the impression that cat-calling is something both genders understand in similar ways or, at least, as something heterosexual men do naturally. Further, men that cat-call can and do get sex and dating out of their attempts which is something many people do not believe takes place. There are several results indicating that race, class and gender intersect when it comes to cat-callers, women they choose to speak to and places and times they do it. Future research needs to consider different groups of men, by race or occupation as well as location."
721465,"Isaac Sasson, University of Texas-Austin; Alexander Weinreb, University of Texas-Austin","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Natural Capital, Rural Livelihood, and Fertility in Sub-Saharan West Africa: Disaggregating the Demographic Response",Roundtable,"Classic demographic theories of fertility and the environment have long been pulled between two theoretical poles. On the one hand, Davis’ theory of multiphasic response suggests that fertility should decline in face of resource scarcity and when other possible responses have been exhausted. On the other hand, according to fertility demand theories, resource scarcity increases the demand for child labor and, hence, leads to higher fertility (i.e., the vicious circle argument). Moving beyond the classic frameworks, this study develops a conceptual model based on the rural livelihood approach. Rather than focus on mono-causal explanations of fertility-environment dynamics, it attempts to disentangle the causal nexus between different livelihood strategies and the proximate determinants of fertility. Using a uniquely constructed, cross-national dataset, an empirical investigation of fertility preferences and outcomes follows. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys in four West African countries are coupled with a remotely sensed time series of vegetation cover from 2001 to 2010. The findings reveal a complex relationship between natural capital and fertility outcomes and preferences. In areas where initial natural capital is low, further decline in vegetation is associated with high fertility. However, the reverse is found in areas where initial conditions are favorable. Furthermore, poor households do not respond differently from wealthy households given the same environmental conditions. Overall, the findings fail to support the multiphasic response model and offer only limited support to the vicious circle argument. Instead, the rural livelihood approach appears to accommodate the findings and point to future research directions."
721466,"Jyh-Jer Roger Ko, National Taiwan University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Precarious Workers and Work Organization: A Case Study from the Steel Industry of Taiwan,Roundtable,"The use of precarious workers is widespread globally, and the associated literature is large and detailed. However, few attempts have been made to understand the relationship between precarious workers and the types of work organizations that use them most frequently. In this paper I argue that the use of precarious workers in Taiwan is associated with an organizational form known as cooperative subcontracting that is very common in the country’s manufacturing sector. Here I present data and an analysis of cooperative subcontracting as found in the China Steel Company, its construction processes, and the economic and social mechanisms that support it. My conclusion is that China Steel’s system, which makes widespread use of precarious workers, operates according to a flexible firm model that requires supportive social mechanisms in order to achieve optimum economic benefits. My observations also entail the presence of multiple social mechanisms whose purposes are tied to generating institutional trust and supporting social networks."
721467,"I-Chien Chen, Michigan State University; Tse-Chuan Yang, State University of New York-Albany","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,Understanding Family Stress by Context: The Role of Social Support and Neighborhood Trust,Roundtable,"Most previous research conventionally treated marital status as a precondition for parenthood and failed to consider both factors simultaneously. This study generates six different marital status/parenthood combinations and explores whether stress varies across these groups in order to reach the following goals: (1) to examine whether subjective neighborhood perceptions moderate stress from marital status/parenthood and (2) to explore whether raising children in a socioeconomically disadvantaged and unstable environment further exacerbates stress. Using the data from Philadelphia metropolitan areas and multilevel modeling (N=8,376; 952 neighborhoods), we found that neighbors’ strong willingness to help, high neighborhood trust, and strong neighborhood belongingness all attenuate stress, but residential environment factors play a limited role in contributing to stress. Our findings suggest that facilitating interactions and developing strong informal social ties among residents in a community would improve stress levels related to childrearing."
721471,"Stephanie Bonnes, University of Colorado-Boulder","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,How Female Service Members Experience and Cope With Harassment in the U.S. Military,Roundtable,"Studies of women in the military suggest that there are high levels of harassment towards U.S. service women. Prior research finds that the prevalence of stereotypes not only exists but that it is an accepted and expected part of the female military experience. Through data that emerged from semi-structured in-depth interviews, this paper finds that instead of challenging stereotypes, female service members try to mitigate their saliency for their own individual experiences within the military. Additionally, prior research suggests that there are significant barriers to reporting harassment in the military. This study argues that not only are there administrative barriers to reporting, but that in cases of harassment women are intentionally blocked from accessing reporting procedures. Not only are women restricted from using the administrative system that could help them report and punish harassment they experience—they are often sanctioned through that system by higher ranking officers for attempting to use it. I argue that this constitutes an additional form of harassment—bureaucratic harassment. The women in this study report experiences with bureaucratic harassment and administrative intimidation that serve as additional barriers to reporting. This leaves many women to either cope with or develop creative strategies to manage the harassment they experience. At times, these strategies include women exiting the military all together. Not only is this an unsatisfying result for the individual service woman, but it contributes to the problem of few female leaders and high ranking officers in the U.S. Military."
721475,"Dara Renee Shifrer, Rice University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Paper Session. The Effects of Health and Disability on Educational Outcomes.,The Stigmatizing Influence of Learning Disability Labels for Adolescents' Progression through Math Coursework,Section,"Learning disability (LD) labels lie at the crux of two central life domains, education and health, and may reproduce disadvantage. Nonetheless, this social problem has received little attention from sociologists. This study uses data on adolescents, teachers, and schools from The Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, as well as multilevel modeling and propensity score techniques, to investigate whether adolescents’ math course attainment is impacted by stigma related to LD labels. In contrast to similarly achieving and behaving adolescents without a disability label, labeled adolescents were less likely to experience progression in their 10th grade math course placements, more likely to have their performance attributed to disability, and less likely to be expected to complete a Bachelor’s degree. Potentially suggesting stigma, decomposition estimates showed the effects of LD labels on the highest math course adolescents attempted by the end of high school were mediated by these early high school math experiences, net of differences in ability and cumulative disadvantage."
721476,"Dara Renee Shifrer, Rice University; Ruth N. Lopez Turley, Rice University; Holly E. Heard, Rice University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Effect of Receiving Financial Awards on Teachers' Retention, Attendance Rates, and their Students' Achievement Gains",Roundtable,"Although aimed at arresting the reproduction of disadvantage within schools through financial incentives for teachers, performance pay programs receive little attention from sociologists. We use measures describing students, teachers, and schools in the Houston Independent School District from 2008-09 through 2010-11 to investigate whether teachers’ behaviors were altered through receipt of an award. Compared to otherwise similar grade 3-8 teachers who did not receive an award for the 2009-10 school year, teachers who received an award were more likely to be retained in the district by August 2011, showed more improvement in their attendance rates from 2008-09 to 2010-11, and had higher mean student gains on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills and Stanford tests from 2009-10 to 2010-11. Results are robust with a control for 2008-09 award receipt and regression discontinuity techniques. Teachers also appear to respond more positively to larger than smaller award amounts."
721477,"Dara Renee Shifrer, Rice University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Social Psychology,Parent and Peer Influences Mediating the Association between Adolescents' Socioeconomic Status and Locus of Control,Regular,"Adolescents who believe life outcomes are within their own control rather than the result of fate, or who have an internal rather than external locus of control, experience better outcomes in multiple domains. The disadvantages of poor youth are thought to be reproduced in part through their more external loci of control. This mixed methods study focuses on the social transmission of more external control. The uniformly internal control evidenced across focus group participants from low and high poverty schools in an urban Texas school district supports an ideological dimension of locus of control, while socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents’ more external control using data from The National Education Longitudinal Study supports a personal dimension of locus of control. Family income is more closely associated with adolescents’ locus of control than parents’ occupations or educational attainment; race has no independent effect. Socially advantaged adolescents appear to have more internal loci of control because they discuss school more often with their parents, live in households with more books and other cognitive resources, have more academically oriented friends, and feel safer at school. In addition to contributing to academic literatures on locus of control, stratification, and socialization, this study provides tangible targets for policy reform aimed at empowering our nation’s youth."
721480,"Gary C. David, Bentley University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. The Management of Interactional Challenges in the Workplace,Interactional Elements of False Confessions and Police Interrogations,Regular,"Interrogation of suspects is a central element in detective work, providing the opportunity to not only gain information regarding criminal activity but also yield confessions. It is often assumed that no innocent person would confess to a crime s/he did not comment. However, this is not necessarily the case. Relatively little sociological research has been done on the interactional elements of police interrogations and confessions. The primary goal of the project is to explore how conversation analysis can be used to examine police interrogations, especially in the area of ‘false’ confessions (or at the least ‘contested confessions’ where a suspect recants a confession)."
721486,"Dilshani Sarathchandra, University of Idaho","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Risk Perception as a Determinant of Problem Choice in Science,Roundtable,"General consensus among the larger scientific community and the public suggests that autonomous decision-making is essential for progress in science. Accordingly, scientific progress requires that scientists, research groups, and scientific organizations be allowed to make decisions pertaining to their work, free from outside interference. In this paper, I argue that scientists’ day-to-day decision-making differs from this general understanding. Using findings from a quantitative study conducted among bioscientists in a U.S. research university, I show that scientists use a range of criteria to determine their problem choices, some informed by their subjective risk perceptions and others influenced by institutional and structural factors. In the process, I demonstrate that risk perception is a significant determinant of problem choice, one that requires further investigation in relation to decision-making in science."
721488,"Ashley Currier, University of Cincinnati","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Human Rights Paper Session. Human Rights, Social Policy, and the State",Arrested Solidarity: Obstacles to Inter-Movement Support for LGBT Rights in Malawi,Section,"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights activists face significant opposition in different nations in sub-Saharan Africa. African lesbians and gay men fear being arrested and imprisoned for violating laws prohibiting same-sex sexual relationships. In addition, African LGBT rights activists confront antigay hostility from political, religious, and traditional leaders. Activists championing unpopular causes, such as LGBT rights, sometimes benefit from forging solidary partnerships with sympathetic bystanders or social movements. In different African nations, LGBT activist organizations have formed partnerships with HIV/AIDS, human rights, and women’s rights movements. However, sympathizers can experience steep costs for supporting LGBT rights organizations. In 2010, Malawian state leaders began politicizing homosexuality, denouncing LGBT rights activism. Using the case of contemporary LGBT rights organizing in Malawi, I track the obstacles that prevent HIV/AIDS, human rights, and women’s rights organizations from supporting LGBT rights. In this environment, political homophobia ensnares not only LGBT activist organizations, but also HIV/AIDS, human rights, and women’s rights movement organizations. Drawing on 52 interviews I conducted with feminist, HIV/AIDS, human rights, and LGBT activists in Malawi in mid-2012, I probe how political homophobia polarized civil society and hampered the campaigns of different social movement organizations. My research demonstrates how political homophobia creates divisions among African social movements."
721489,"Boroka Bo, University of California-San Francisco","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Neoliberal Ideologies as Drivers of Women's Incarceration Rates  Around the World,Roundtable,"The alarming growth of women's imprisonment rates around the world has generated a number of theoretical explanations. We empirically examine this phenomenon by deploying Wacquant's model of neoliberal state crafting and carceral control of the socially and economically marginalized while also taking women's inequality into account. We illustrate that while country-level neoliberal infiltration correlates with an increase in women's imprisonment rates, the overall picture when it comes to the role of poverty in women's imprisonment is more nuanced than originally speculated. Ordinary least squares regressions that adjust for multiple covariates show that absolute poverty and relative poverty have differential impacts when it comes to women's incarceration rates, reflecting the gendered nature of unpaid or underpaid-labor around the world. Moreover, country level welfare expenditures deviate in their effect on women's incarceration rates from Wacquant's model. Other socioeconomic variables also illustrate surprising effects, pointing to the penal arm of the state turning to the economically marginalized women when factors such as the overall employment-to-population ratio of a country increases along with an increase in the adult literacy rates of both sexes. Our analysis extends current understanding of women's penality, informing the existing literature on the subject."
721491,"Gary Maynard, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA","Section on Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Roundtable Session (one-hour).",World Polity and Youth Smoking Rates in Developing Nations: A Cross-national Analysis,Roundtable,"In the past 20 years global tobacco companies have focused on expanding their market share in developing nations. Part of this strategy is to target young people in these nations by tailoring advertisements and other promotions to make cigarettes and other tobacco products more prominent and available. The most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey shows that these attempts have led to increases in the youth smoking rates in many nations. In order to counteract this trend International Non-governmental Organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have targeted the spread of tobacco globally with grants and other forms of support for anti-smoking education and public awareness campaigns. Other INGOs have joined effort to prevent and decrease youth smoking rates in the developing world. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, the World Bank and UN Trade database I conduct a first difference regression analysis on the impact of health-based INGOs on national youth smoking rates. I find strong support for the contentions of world polity theorists that health-based INGOs can have significant impacts on national health outcomes."
721492,"Jiannbin Lee Shiao, University of Oregon; Mia Tuan, University of Oregon","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Identifying Mechanisms for Racial/Ethnic Relations in Kalmijn’s Model of Assortative Mating,Roundtable,"We construct a theoretical model of interracial intimacy by enriching Kalmijn’s three-factor model of intermarriage with qualitatively identified mechanisms that are specific to racial/ethnic relations. Specifically, we examine the salience of families in the dating histories of (1) Asian Americans raised by co-ethnic parents in comparison with (2) Korean adoptees raised by white American parents. This comparison isolates the role of the co-ethnic family, a critical third party in Kalmijn’s model, from the effects of Asian racial status shared by non-adoptees and transracial adoptees. In this article, we first discuss how majority/minority relations shape the three factors influencing relationship outcomes, and we identify the expected differences between ethnic family types. Second, we discuss our unique sample and describe our analytic strategy of subdividing the sample by their dating histories. Then we examine the salience of family in our respondents’ dating history narratives, notably their parents’ racial preferences, influence on their children’s networks, and our respondents’ use of family as a criterion for evaluating dating partners. We conclude by discussing how our theoretical specifications provide a deeper understanding of interracial intimacy than the three-factor model and also outline implications for research on interracial intimacy, racial stratification, racial/ethnic boundaries, and racialized social systems."
721493,"Brandon Kraft, Cornell University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Making Sense of Environmental Governance: An Empirical Assessment of Accountability Among Organizations In Working Landscapes,Roundtable,"In the United States, working forests have arisen that are managed for multifunctionality – incorporating social, economic, and environmental interests. Working forests are contextualized in processes like parcelization, division of property rights, financialization, and the hybridization of governance. These processes create concerns for forest and ecosystem fragmentation and the realization of multifunctionality. This study investigates two working forests in the United States that exhibit characteristics of the processes mentioned above. I use neo-institutional theory to motivate the use of accountability mechanisms to evaluate working forests. These mechanisms give actors (accountors) the ability to receive information and sanction other actors (accountees). The study of accountability mechanisms affords the analyst the opportunity to understand the relationships from which individual organizations seek to maintain legitimacy. In this study, I qualitatively analyzed formal accountability mechanisms. From this information, I constructed the structure of accountability relationships. My findings demonstrate the diversity of accountability relationships within working forests. I find that accountability mechanisms found in agreements germane to the construction of the working forest are necessary to build relationship between organizations embedded in different institutional domains. The information sharing inherent in these mechanisms minimizes the risk of forest fragmentation. However, most accountability relationships exist within institutional domains, thus diminishing the potential for information sharing across domains. This study offers future analysts a way to use accountability mechanisms to analyze environmental governance. Overall, there is reason for concern in these working forests, but more work needs to be done to find evidence of lost multifunctionality and fragmentation."
721494,"Eliza Evans, Stanford University; Elina Mäkinen, Stanford University; Daniel A. McFarland, Stanford University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Evaluation, Identity, and Interdisciplinarity: How Tenure Review Creates Rebels, Heroes, and Reformers",Roundtable,"Scholars have long studied the influence of organizations, disciplinary boundaries, and traditional work methods on the spread of and participation in interdisciplinary research.  In this study, we take a different tack and explore the social and evaluative landscapes of the academy, showing how they may encourage (and inhibit) interdisciplinary research. We argue that the evaluative framework of the tenure review directly shapes the scholarly identities of untenured interdisciplinary faculty. In each of the three main cultures of academia (social sciences, STEM fields, and the humanities), we see junior faculty developing a particular identity story that situates their work and interprets their career paths in the larger context of their discipline and others like it. We infer the encouragement or inhibition of interdisciplinary research that may be happening as a result of these narratives."
721497,"Henna Kim, University of Texas-Austin; Kye-Hyoung Lee, University of Texas-Austin","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Where to First Find Cancer-Related Information: Examining Factors Affecting Selection of Primary Health Information Sources,Roundtable,"Health information is available in a variety of sources. The objective of this study is to examine factors affecting selection of primary health information sources when people seek for cancer-related information. Using a recent, nationwide data of HINT 2013 by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), this study identified two major primary sources that people use to seek health information. The results of binary logistic regression show how factors in demographics, situation, and psychological aspects affect the selection of primary sources for health information. There are also moderation effects between demographics and psychological factors. This study contributes to a better understanding about which user-related factors determine their primary source selection for seeking health information."
721498,"Elizabeth Cozzolino, University of Texas-Austin","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Other Second Assaults: How Institutions Fail Separated Mothers with Domestic Violence Histories,Roundtable,"How do institutions serve domestic violence victims who have children? Drawing on interviews collected as part of a larger study, I present a case study of how institutions can commit a “second assault” (Martin 2005) against mothers with domestic violence histories. Institutions have their own aims and organizational logics that may not always put the safety and well being of victims at the center of their mission (Martin 2005). Here, I present how Child Support Enforcement, Child Protective Services, and the Internal Revenue Service fail to serve and protect mothers with domestic violence histories. I also analyze the relationships between abusive fathers and their children. This exploratory study concludes with policy implications and a call for further research."
721502,"Ran Liu, University of Pennsylvania","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Transformation of Trust Structure: Goal Displacement of Microfinance Institutions in Rural China,Roundtable,"Known as an innovative tool for poverty alleviation, microfinance has been widely spread in developing countries in the past few decades. It is commonly claimed that microfinance institutions (MFIs) can provide financial opportunities to those who are unable to obtain loans from the formal system, while at the same time maintain their institutional sustainability. This promise has attracted the interest of developing countries with large population in poverty, leading to a remarkable emergence of microfinance industry on the global stage.  Because of the special social and political environment, the development of MFIs in China has its unique trajectory. Based on interviews and participant observation, this three-month research focuses on two non-governmental MFIs in Western China and Northern China, revealing a plight of infeasible dual objectives and proposing an explanation from the angle of transformed trust structure. In a collapsing acquaintance community, the social objectives are suppressed by the demands of self-sustainability, thus violating the original intention of poverty alleviation and women empowerment, and leading to a phenomenon of goal displacement.  To further discuss the logic behind the goal displacement phenomenon in microfinance industry, two propositions are suggested from the angles of legitimacy and measurability of organizational goals. The findings indicate that to ensure the social objective of MFIs, an independent evaluation system is needed to track the social impacts and better assess organizational performances in microfinance industry."
721506,"Elizabeth Anne Gervais Schwarz, University of California-Riverside","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Crowdfunding: What's in it for Social Movements?,Roundtable,"This article analyzes conservation organizations’ use of a transnational crowdfunding campaign as part of their social movement activity through interviews with key staff members of the conservation organizations and an analysis of the organizations’ crowdfunding webpage. The process by which conservation organizations generate environmental communication, including the funding involved in this process, is an important area of analysis. Obtaining resources is key to social movement success and online fundraising offers unique opportunities for social movement organizations that have not been reported on before. Findings suggest that beyond raising monetary resources, the crowdfunding initiative functions in other, non-monetary, ways. Specifically, the crowdfunding initiative offers the opportunity for framing, narrative development, and internal organizing. However, the time and resources involved with developing and running campaigns may bring about challenges as well, suggesting that resource-rich conservation organizations may be better positioned to make use of crowdfunding campaigns to raise funds to develop communication material. The study highlights the importance of considering crowdfunding in environmental communication scholarship."
721507,"Lawrence L. Wu, New York University; Steven P. Martin, Urban Institute; Paula England, New York University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Aging and the Life Course Paper Session. Changes in the Timing of Life Course Transitions in Young Adulthood: Taking Longer, Maybe Never",Cohort Trends in Who Did and Did Not Delay Sex Until Marriage,Section,"Full Title: The Decoupling of Sex and Marriage in the United States: Cohort Trends in Who Did and Did Not Delay Sex Until Marriage  Abstract:  Premarital sexual activity is now nearly universal in the United States, yet this was not true historically. Our analyses, using retrospective data on age at first sexual intercourse and age at first marriage from Cycles 3–7 of the National Survey of Family Growth, reveal rapid increases in premarital sexual activity for successive birth cohorts of U.S. women. However, we also find that more engaged in premarital sex rather than delaying sex until first marriage even among those born 1940–44, the earliest cohort in these data, suggesting in turn that the decoupling of sex and marriage was well underway prior to the “sexual revolution” of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Findings from our competing risk models contrasting those who did and did not delay sexual activity until first marriage also underscore the dangers of single-decrement interpretations of phenomena involving competing risks."
721508,"Karen Marguerite Staniland, University of Salford; Robert Dingwall, Nottingham Trent University; Graeme Currie, University of Warwick","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Ethnography and Health Quality in a Global Context,Clinical Governance: Quality and Ceremony in English NHS Hospitals,Section,"This paper reviews recent quality initiatives in the English NHS, with particular focus on clinical governance and the impact of ideas, such as knowledge management, drawn from organization studies. The impact of this social movement is examined through the sociological frame of ‘new institutionalism’ in an ethnographic study of a large English general hospital rated as a leader in the field. Our core question is whether clinical governance is promoting excellence and imposing control, or simply producing a symbolic image of the organization that reflects changing environmental notions of legitimacy.  Although this analysis shows that the outcomes are primarily symbolic, with the clinical governance system failing either to promote excellence or to control everyday practice and standards of care, it also explains why ceremonial success is of real value to the hospital.  In doing so, it contributes to understanding the system failures represented at Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, where a hospital, also highly rated for its financial and quality management, was found to have delivered consistently unacceptable standards of care that were, at times, cruel and abusive to patients."
721509,"Wanlu Shi, University of Florida","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Social Psychology Roundtable Session (co-sponsored with Section on Sociology of Emotions),Demographic Factors Associated with Attitudes Toward Bystander Intervention,Roundtable,"Bystander nonintervention has become a public issue in many countries. Previous work of bystander intervention always focused on the aspects of social psychology, situational behaviors, or certain kind of prosocial action such as altruism. The most famous interpretation of bystander nonintervention is the theory of bystander effect. Nevertheless, as 45 years has passed, the researchers found the bystander effect theory might not be a satisfied interpretation. Instead, they have discovered many alternative explanations about bystander nonintervention, including the ambiguity of the situation, lack of competent, ineffective informal control from community, fear of crime, and so forth. Although there have been plenty of analyses focused on the micro, meso, and macro levels, seldom studies have been established to discover the relationship between the demographic factors of bystanders and their intervention behaviors. Therefore, this current study will focus on the demographic factors related to bystander intervention attitudes by analyzing the existing dataset – Rape Prevention Through Bystander Education at a Northeastern State University, 2002-2004. After configured regression models with the independent variables of gender, race, and socioeconomic status, this study will draw an explicit picture of how much the demographic factors playing their roles on influencing individuals’ bystander intervention attitudes. This study would also control the related variables such as religious preference, current relationship, self-confidence, and sense of community to eliminate their influences to the demographic factors. Results will provide people useful strategies to ask for help from the strangers, and also educating them about how to assist the strangers who needed help."
721510,"Chelsea Starr, Eastern New Mexico University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Body and Embodiment Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Deploying Aesthetics: Riot Grrrl and Womyn's Music in Conversation,Roundtable,"The aesthetics of punk, which served as a building block for the aesthetics of the Riot Grrrl movement, demonstrate a conscious use of the body as a site to challenge the ideological hegemonies of social class, gender, and sexuality. It is from this perspective that I will examine the aesthetics of Riot Grrrl as transgressive, as political, and as indicative of feminist movement in the 1990s; I will then discuss the inclusion of these aesthetics into the pre-existing feminist cultural space of the Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival, and the resulting effects. In doing so I hope to establish that Riot Grrrl art worlds exist as simultaneous feminist movements, characterized by identifiable oppositional aesthetics. These aesthetics are in part achieved by “writing on the body” in a way that makes the hegemonic processes described by cultural theorists as near invisible stark, explicit, and glaringly visible."
721513,"Kristen E. Shorette, University of Massachusetts-Amherst; Nolan Phillips, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Global Institutions and the Cross-National Convergence of Child Immunization Rates, 1980–2009",Roundtable,"This research tests the effects of state embeddedness in global health institutions, in addition to traditional social scientific indicators of population health, on cross-national health disparities. Specifically, we examine the role of international nongovernmental organizations dedicated to promoting health, broadly conceived, on rates of child immunization for polio and measles. We argue that this understudied influence is important to understanding the differences in countries’ immunization rates longitudinally. We use cross-national fixed effects regression models of unbalanced panels of cross-national child immunization rates from 1980 to 2009. This modeling technique centers all cases around their respective means which accounts for unmeasured heterogeneity between countries and makes causal inference possible with observational data. In addition, we specify robust standard errors clustered by country, in order to control for intra-country correlations and any potential heteroskedasticity in the error terms. Results indicate that, consistent with previous research, a range of economic, political, and demographic factors are consequential for improving child polio and measles immunization rates, and therefore, produce cross-national convergence over the time period. Additionally, these analyses demonstrate the importance of state connectedness to international nongovernmental health organizations—net of economic, political, and demographic forces—in explaining global health disparities and paths toward their alleviation."
721514,"Jane Lilly Lopez, University of California- San Diego","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Life in an Impossible Family: The Experience of U.S. Citizens in Mixed Citizenship Status Marriages,Roundtable,"Drawing on in-depth interviews with twenty-two U.S. citizen spouses of immigrants, this paper explores the experience of American citizens who are married to individuals with non-citizen status. Capturing the essence of daily struggles faced by mixed citizenship families, the data provide an important and underrepresented viewpoint to the immigration debate and highlight the reach of immigration policy into the lives of U.S. citizens and their families. They also reveal the identity conflicts citizens can experience when familial and citizenship identities clash and the ways in which those conflicts are managed. These insights into the lives of U.S. citizens in mixed citizenship marriages indicate that many citizens are obliged by immigration law to live the “immigrant experience” in their own countries, or even to become immigrants themselves. Participants’ experiences indicate that, though both immigration and citizenship laws focus on the individual, the repercussions of those laws often have family-level effects."
721515,"Min Zhou, University of Victoria","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Public Environmental Skepticism: A Cross-National and Multi-Level Analysis,Roundtable,"Environmental skepticism, defined as doubt about the authenticity or severity of environmental degradation, is popular among the general public despite emerging scientific consensus. This study attempts to identify its social roots, using a large and recent (2010) dataset that covers 45,119 individuals from 32 countries. Using multilevel modeling, it explores both individual-level and country-level influences on public environmental skepticism. Four individual-level theories and their interplay are particularly important in explaining the formation of environmental skepticism. Consistent with knowledge deficit, cultural cognition, generalized trust, and competing priority theories, environmental skepticism stems from insufficient education and environmental knowledge, religious and conservative values, distrust in general social institutions, and other concerns competing with environmental concern. Moreover, the skepticism-reducing effect of education and knowledge is found to be contingent on individuals’ worldviews and ideologies. Due to cultural cognitive bias in information processing, education and knowledge are more effective in reducing skepticism among less religious liberals than among religious conservatives."
721517,"Jason Micah Roos, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Contested Knowledge: Competing Truth Claims at the Intersection of Science and Religion,Roundtable,"The intersection of science and religion in the general public remains an area of scholarly interest. This boundary is also an issue of policy relevance, as legislation in many areas continues to advance towards restructuring school curricula to include non-mainstream scientific theories in science curricula. This article introduces the concepts of contested knowledge and spillover to aid in understanding the problem of the controversy over evolution, intelligent design, and the origins of the universe, and to better address the impact of religious affiliation on both contested and uncontested knowledge. Using four waves of data from the General Social Survey, I find evidence that conservative Protestant affiliation is associated with reduced knowledge of the physical and life sciences. Further, the effect of conservative Protestantism is mediated primarily through the rejection of mainstream scientific explanations of the origins of life and the universe. Findings also suggest that conservative Protestant affiliation increases the likelihood of that rejection."
721526,"J. Cameron Verhaal, University of Utah; Olga M. Khessina, Cornell University; Stanislav D. Dobrev, University of Utah; Jaime Grant, University of Utah","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Organizations: Cultivating organizational audiences and audience reactions,Oppositional Product Names and Product Appeal,Regular,"At their core, markets are exchange structures between producers and consumers and products are a key element that connects them together.  Many new markets emerge in direct ideological opposition to incumbent industries.  Yet, the ways in which ideology affects products in oppositional markets are not well understood.  We propose that when audiences cannot easily differentiate between products based on physical attributes, they rely on ideological discourse about the production process.  We argue that product names by embodying linguistically the narrative of this discourse shape the appeal of oppositional products to customers.  When products have names that are congruent with the collective identity of an oppositional market, they have higher appeal to consumers.  This beneficial effect is attenuated (1) when audience expectations about what type of product should have an oppositional name are violated and (2) when a firm develops a strong organizational identity and audience rely on this identity to make inference about the firm’s production process.  We find support to this theorizing in the longitudinal analyses of products’ appeal in the U.S. craft beer industry, 1996-2012.  These findings suggest that in oppositional markets, when a firm chooses a name for a product it should take into consideration not only characteristics of the product and firm strategy, but also the collective ideology prevalent in the market discourse."
721528,"Raj Andrew Ghoshal, Goucher College","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Were Newspaper Opinion Editors Biased in the 2012 Election? An Experimental Approach,Roundtable,"Are U.S. newspapers’ opinion page editors biased in their selection of whose political views to represent? This study uses an experimental audit approach in the context of the 2012 Presidential Republican primaries and November general (Obama-Romney) election to examine this question. I send mock letters to the editor supporting Ron Paul and Mitt Romney (for the remaining Republican primaries) and the Republican nominee and Barack Obama (for the general election) to about ten major newspapers in each U.S. state, and examine patterns in newspapers’ expression of interest in publishing the letters. I analyze whether letters favoring particular candidates were given disparate treatment. The results shed light on academic and popular debates about the extent to which U.S. media give favorable treatment to candidates with particular ideologies, to candidates with dominant or subordinate positions in pre-election polling, and to candidates who are ideologically aligned with the particular media outlet’s own editorial board’s views."
721529,"Loren Henderson, University of Illinios; Cedric Herring, University of Illinois-Chicago; Hayward Derrick Horton, State University of New York-Albany","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. African Americans:  Racial and Spatial Challenges to Upward Mobility,"Credit Where Credit Is Due?: Race, Gender, and the Credit Scores of Business Startups",Regular,"This research seeks to understand the degree to which credit scores of new business startups are influenced by racial or gender considerations. It also examines the degree to which access to business credit lines is influenced by racial and gender-related factors that go beyond would-be borrowers’ credit scores. Using credit data from new startups, the analysis finds that, when controlling for firm and human capital characteristics, Black-owned startups receive lower than expected business credit scores. Moreover, when credit scores, firm characteristics, and human capital characteristics are taken into consideration, startups owned by people of color still receive business credit lines that are substantially lower than those of their White-owned counterparts, and startups owned primarily by women receive credit lines that are substantially lower than those owned primarily by men. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition suggests that credit lines for Black-owned businesses would more than double, Latino-owned businesses’ lines of credit would nearly triple, Asian-owned businesses’ lines of credit would more than triple, and those where the primary owners are women would be more than twice as large if their business lines of credit were determined in the same way as those for businesses owned primarily by Whites and by men."
721531,"Abigail Ruth Ocobock, University of Chicago","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Marriage Decision-Making Processes and Pressures: Gaining the Right to Marry and LGB Relationship Trajectories,Roundtable,"In this paper I explore the decision-making processes of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGB) around legal marriage and their reasons for wanting to marry or not marry. Data is drawn from in-depth interview and survey research with 115 married and unmarried cohabiting LGB people in Massachusetts in 2012. Some participants had made decisions to marry even before it became a legal possibility, and I show how their relationship trajectories were already being structured by a cultural marriage script despite the lack of legal benefits or protections. However, I argue that gaining access to legal marriage represented a new and significant relationship turning point for most participants. With legal marriage as a new option, it was difficult and rare for participants to avoid discussing marriage with their partners. Even those who had been critical of or disinterested in marriage before it became legal found themselves thinking seriously about marriage and/or deciding to marry. I find that both married and unmarried participants faced explicit and implicit pressures to get married from within and outside their relationships. Yet they tended to view decisions to marry as personal, independent, and even “natural.” I focus on the social forces that propel both married and unmarried participants toward marriage and the sense of inevitability that characterized many of their decision-making processes. My findings challenge theoretical claims about the “de-institutionalization” of marriage by showing how it continues to operate as a powerful force shaping relationship aspirations and decisions, and the meanings we attach to them."
721535,"Hui-tun Chuang, Chang Jung Christian University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Kitchen Cultures in Taiwan’s Immigrant Families,Roundtable,"Reassessing kitchen culture and the role it plays in changing or continuing gender equality/inequality in the family dynamic, this study analyzes the determining roles of women in the cooking of traditional food. Women act as powerful agents in the management and construction of their family’s taste, but this role may falsely justify the hegemonic structure by which gender and ethnic relations are usurped. Through an ethnographic exploration this paper seeks to determine the importance of ethnicity in shaping gender roles in immigrant kitchens and whether culinary tradition is led by the taste of female producers or male consumers. This exploration shines light on the tacit practice of ethnic and gender equality/inequality in everyday life and attempts an explanation of why the preservation of culinary tradition is claimed for the sake of identity representation. By comparing couples with cross-boundary matrimonial bonds—Mainlander husband with a Taiwanese wife and Taiwanese husband with a foreign bride—this study not only examines gender and ethnicity complexities in a transnational society, but also pinpoints the problems inherent in the current policy of multiculturalism, which offers a limiting and inflexible solution to a discussion of gender roles with ethnic diversities."
721537,"Dorothy Solinger, University of California-Irvine; Ting Jiang, Metropolitan State University-Denver","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Who Deserves to be Minimally Alive in Chinese Cities? Urban Decisions on the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee,Roundtable,"In 2012 fieldwork in one city, plus in several official documents from autumn 2012, there are grounds for making an inference that the urban minimum livelihood guarantee program [for short, the urban  dibao] was under attack, and that orders had come (from somewhere--source as yet unclear) to economize on the spending for it;  to wipe out corrupt behaviors linked to its allocation;  and, more strictly than previously, to target only the most “deserving” among the indigent (i.e., those unable to work and without any legal supporter), weeding out people of working age and full body (i.e., those who, though they are without work, are not disabled).    This paper explores several factors (for which data are available) that might explain, or at least be correlated with, these shifts.  The goal is to try to gain some new, ideally systematic understanding about cities’ handling of their funds for dibao disbursements (and, correlatively, their treatment of their indigent populations)."
721538,Barbara Epstein,"Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Paper Session. From the Arab Uprisings to Occupy and Beyond: Marxist Perspectives,Occupy and the Evolution of Anarchist Activism,Section,"My paper will be based on the already published paper, “Occupy Oakland:  the Question of Violence,” Socialist Register 2013, and on further interviews with young anarchists in the Bay Area and New York City.  The leading role of anarchists in Occupy brought media attention to the extensive influence of anarchism among young radical activists in the US.  In fact Occupy was the third instance, in recent years, of a movement in which anarchism has been the dominant influence:  the first was the anti-nuclear direct action movement of the late seventies/early eighties, the second the so-called anti-globalization movement set in motion by the Seattle protest of 1999.  In each of these movements anarchists have conceived of radical politics as revolving around the creation of utopian, egalitarian communities of protest; in each instance anarchist activists have had difficulty formulating strategy for the movement after such communities dissolve or are dismantled by the police.   Against the background of these basic points of agreement, my paper will describe the differences among the three generations of anarchist activists, and the different currents within the generations, especially within the current, Occupy, generation.  I will focus on the elements of the contemporary anarchist perspective that hold out the prospect of a more strategic approach."
721540,"Richard Lachmann, State University of New York-Albany","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. Democracy, Development, and Decline","Hegemons, Empires, and their Elites",Section,"Empires affect metropoles as well as the lands they colonize and dominate. Colonizers and metropolitan beneficiaries of empire and hegemony become new elites that then alter the overall structure of elite and class relations within the imperial or hegemonic polity, creating new sorts of conflicts and new dynamics of structural change. I compare ancient and modern empires and hegemons and the sorts of elites they generate. I highlight the crucial ways in which capitalism and modern states are able to exert deeper forms of power over formal and informal dominions, and identify the sorts of elites that are created by the exertion of such powers. I offer a typology of modern empires, differentiating them in terms of (1) the extent to which colonial elites were autonomous from the metropole and (2) the degree to which colonial elites had influence over the metropolitan political economy. This typology will allow me to distinguish between those sorts of control, which can be deployed by multiple empires and polities simultaneously, and hegemonic power, which is exerted by only a single polity at a time. I conclude with a series of arguments about how the elites in hegemons generate dynamics of conflict that undermine hegemony."
721542,"Keera Allendorf, Indiana University; Arland Thornton, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Globalization, Inequalities and Families",Caste and Choice: The Influence of Developmental Idealism on Intercaste Marriage,Section,"This article provides the first empirical evaluation of the influence of developmental idealism on family behavior, specifically intercaste marriage.  It also compares the influence of developmental idealism to that of socioeconomic characteristics.  Endorsement of developmental idealism is consistent with engaging in family behaviors categorized as “modern” under developmental idealism.  Intercaste marriage is both “modern” and profoundly inconsistent with customary South Asian culture.  Thus, we examine whether developmental idealism influences intercaste marriage using a unique, longitudinal data set from Nepal collected in 2008-12.  Unmarried individuals with greater endorsement of developmental idealism in 2008 were more likely to have an intercaste, rather than same caste, marriage by 2012.  The influential aspects of developmental idealism comprise beliefs and values about caste and spouse choice, as well as expectations of future increases in premarital sex, divorce, and cohabitation.  Key socioeconomic characteristics, namely nonfamily work experience and proximity to the urban center, also increase the likelihood of intercaste marriage, but education does not.  Thus, we conclude that both developmental idealism and socioeconomic characteristics influence intercaste marriage and that their influences are largely independent.  These results suggest that the spread of developmental idealism can change family behaviors and impact stratification."
721544,"Jayanti Johanna Owens, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Children and Youth Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Coloring the ""Boys Will be Boys"" Chronicle: Race, Gender, and Behavior Problems Across Two Decades",Roundtable,"ADHD diagnoses and school suspensions have increased ten- and two-fold in the U.S. since the 1970s. Boys' higher baseline levels of ADHD symptoms and suspension have led to growing gender gaps in absolute prevalence over three decades. Gender gaps are largest among black children. Despite implications for black boys’ growing childhood behavioral disadvantage, neither the extent nor the origins of their growing disadvantage are understood. This study helps fill this gap by leveraging behavioral scales that consistently measure across two decades the self-regulation problems and social problems correlated with ADHD symptoms and school suspension. Conditional quantile regression results show that growing gender gaps in ADHD symptomatology and school suspension -- most widespread among black children -- are consistent with changes in mothers' reports of worsening self-regulation problems and social problems among even the ``best-behaved’’ black boys, not just those with near-clinical levels of behavior problems. Neither gender differences in exposure nor response to salient, racially-patterned changes in families and health explain black boys’ growing disadvantage. Findings carry significant consequences for black males' future rates of delinquency, school drop-out, unemployment, and incarceration, which may result from heightened scrutiny and policing of even the best-behaved black boys’ behaviors beginning in early childhood."
721545,"Jennifer A. Jordan, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Ashkan Rezvani Naraghi","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Consumers and Consumption 2,The Culture of Wild Things: Consuming Weeds in Hard Times and Haute Cuisine,Regular,"Few questions are more urgent (and not only to humans) than “can I eat that?” We seek to examine a particular way that people have answered this question, in a particular time and place. What accounts for the appearance of ostensibly free wild foods—foods essential to so many people’s daily life, in and out of hard times—on the tables of some of the world’s most expensive and respected restaurants? The foods of last resort become objects of acquisitive desire among elites. In this paper, which is part of a larger project on the cultural transformations of foraging, we investigate the fates of weeds in popular food writing, asking what meanings people assign to weeds, and how these meanings change over time. It is an understatement to say that foraging is nothing new. We, as a species, have foraged since we began to walk the earth, and even then we clearly didn’t invent this thing ourselves. That said, however, serving foraged foods (with the very significant exception of truffles and other fungus, as well as fish and game) at $200/person meals in restaurants is a new phenomenon, and is part of the puzzle we are trying to address. How does this come to be? How does the fate of purslane, samphire, or various sea vegetables change so significantly, and how do the foods often relied upon in hard times become expensive status symbols?"
721548,"Sanja Jagesic, University of Chicago","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Education: Disadvantaged Students in Advantaged Contexts,Swimming with the Big Fish: Effects of Academic Mismatch on Educational Aspirations in College,Regular,"Recent research on the effects of academic mismatch— defined as the difference between student ability and peer ability— on student outcomes in college has been mostly limited to academic outcomes such as college completion, grades, and choice of major as opposed to non-cognitive outcomes such as educational aspirations.  Previous theoretical and practical work suggests that being surrounded by peers of higher measured ability has a negative effect on a student’s academic confidence and educational aspirations.  These theories prompt the question if mismatched students, i.e. students with lower measured ability than their peers in college, are more likely to experience a decrease in educational aspirations post college entry? In this paper, I first define academic mismatch as it is used in research on postsecondary education, explain why academic mismatch happens and why it is an area of concern for the development of student educational aspirations, describe some of the mechanisms though which peer ability is hypothesized to influence student aspirations, and finally present data and results to evaluate the effects of academic mismatch on educational aspirations in college. The results show that students whose SAT scores are lower than the institutional mean are not significantly more likely to lower their educational aspirations. Propensity score matching results indicate that this is likely because of unobserved characteristics that have secured these students admissions to colleges with higher mean SAT scores in the first place."
721549,"Joseph Klett, Yale University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Deep Meaning of Noise in an Emerging Audio Platform,Roundtable,"Personalized audio is an emerging technology meant to adjust for the differences between user bodies, where physical and perceptual distinctions affect the experience of sound. This platform is conceived in opposition to conventional accounts of audio which assume the possibility of a perfect technology around which listeners differ in quality. I argue this opposition manifests critiques of the modernist concept of “noise” within constructionist social theory. To explain some underlying motivations for this change, I observe the discourse and practices of engineers in the R&D lab of a large audio firm. In this study I introduce work on morality and meaning-making from cultural sociology to enrich STS scholarship on design fictions and values in design. I make the analytical distinction between technical classifications and moral codifications to argue this change in understanding and its manifestations in design results from the redefinition of “noise” to distinguish “good noise” as an engineering concept with deep meaning."
721552,"Chantelle P. Marlor, University of the Fraser Valley","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Habitus,Rethinking Bourdieu’s and Mauss’ Habitus through Neurophysiology: Ballet and Habitus,Regular,"Bourdieu’s and Muass’ conceptualizations of habitus (how social life becomes deeply rooted in both the body and the mind) have been analyzed, critiqued, synthesized and extended in a number of ways.  Despite this, little work has been done to ground or assess habitus in neurophysiological research.  Focusing on a single field-specified habitus, the ballet habitus, and drawing on current literature from physiology, neurology, kinesiology and psychology, I outline the social and neurophysiological processes by which the ballet habitus is formed.  I then assess the degree to which Bourdieu’s and Mauss’ conceptualizations of habitus are supported, enhanced or refuted by these neurophysiological findings.  The assessment focuses primarily on discussions around social action (specifically as related to automatic versus deliberate thought), structure and agency, and the body/mind dualism.  In the end, I conclude that multiple intersecting field-specific habituses are a more accurate way to conceptualize the relationship between habituses than either numerous habituses (Mauss) or a single, all-encompassing habitus (Bourdieu).  It also appears that the social organization of a field, including the methods by which participants learn how to participate in the field, affects the amount of homogeneity amongst participants’ habituses.  Regardless of setting, actors’ habituses—and thereby their abilities to act—are clearly shaped by cultural influences.  In fact, it is clear that the body/brain physically transforms due to cultural influences."
721554,"Jeffrey Weng, University of California-Berkeley","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Language Reform and Nation-Building in Early Twentieth-Century China: A Critique of Bourdieu,Roundtable,"Language nationalization is the ideology and practice of expecting that all members of a national community be able to speak one language that symbolizes national identity. Previous attempts to explain how language becomes national have been heavily structuralist and state-centric, Pierre Bourdieu’s in particular. Bourdieu conceived of language as forming a linguistic ""field"" of power that operates like a market. Individual actors are thought of as competing in this market for ever greater linguistic perfect and distinction and their concomitant rewards in economic and symbolic capital. This paper outlines the weaknesses of this market-like, state-centric approach and presents an alternative approach. This alternative model that conceives of competency in a language as a ""key"" with which an individual is able to gain access to a different social world: e.g., access to better jobs in a broader geographical area, access to elite status groups. Basic competency, with varying levels of situational stringency, rather than perfection, is the criterion for access. The desirability of that social world determines the rate at which individuals adopt an effectively foreign language, whether ""national"" or not. This alternative conception offers a more global perspective: it expands the geographical and temporal scope of the Bourdieusian approach by not being limited to the European case in the post-French Revolutionary period, and it leads to more plausible empirical approaches to studying language in society by combining assessments of state policy with economic change and individual motivation."
721555,"Sarah Morando Lakhani, American Bar Foundation","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Law and Society I - When Reforms Meet Routines,The Legal Translation and Documentation of Immigrant Abuse and Helpfulness,Regular,"To apply for U Visa status, a temporary legal standing available to undocumented crime victims who assist law enforcement in investigations, immigrants must obtain validation of their experiences from police via a signed “certification” paper. This paper investigates the challenges lawyers and immigrant crime victims face in translating and documenting the victims’ experiences into legal form. By analyzing interactions between Los Angeles attorneys and female undocumented immigrants, I explore how immigrants prepare to approach police certifiers after violence. Attorneys arbitrate between accounts of violence and immigrant-police encounters and the legal cases they can develop, offering retrospective and prospective advice to immigrants about how to make effective pleas to police. Drawing attention to the devolutionary dynamics of an inclusive immigration policy, I show how nonfederal bureaucrats shape immigrants’ eligibility for legalization. I also expose hazardous consequences of mixing street-level administrative discretion with federal visa eligibility determinations."
721556,"Martina Kunovic, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Latino/a Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Cuba's Jagged History of Reforms: A Case for Why Scholars Should Take It Seriously,Roundtable,"In this paper I make a case for why it is important to understand the current economic reforms sweeping through Cuba in terms of the country’s jagged history of economic reform, which has been characterized by cycles of reforms and their later retrenchment. I focus specifically on reforms pertaining to self-employment. In the first section I trace the Revolutionary Government’s policy towards self-employment from the early years of the Revolution to the present. This historical sketch illustrates that reforms encouraging self-employment have a long history in socialist Cuba, but that this history is a rather jagged one that vacillates between promoting and condemning small-scale private enterprise. In the second section I critically review how scholars have written about this history of reforms. I find that while accounts tend not to be ahistorical per se, they fail to integrally relate the history of reforms to the contemporary situation. In the final section I propose a historically informed approach that has the potential to push research on Cuba in an analytically richer direction."
721558,"Laura J. Enriquez, University of California-Berkeley; Simeon J. Newman, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. States and Social Movements: Contesting Land, Food, and Resources",The Conflicted State and Agrarian Change in Pink Tide Venezuela,Regular,"Can radical political-economic transformation be achieved by electoral regimes that have not thoroughly reconstructed the state? Contemporary Venezuela offers an optimal venue for examining this question. Chavismo did not replace the previous state, as was the case for radical non-electoral regimes. Instead, it attempted to reform existing state entities and established new ones in pursuit of its transformation agenda. Chavismo has also used its oil wealth to support cooperatively-oriented economic activity, without necessarily expropriating economic property. Thus, the transformation-oriented political economy exists alongside the traditional one. Focusing on agrarian transformation — a central goal of Chavismo during the past decade — we examine how these factors have impacted the state’s capacity to attain its goal of national food sovereignty. Based on ethnographic research in the country’s most important grain-producing region, we find that the state’s ability to accomplish this objective has been compromised by lack of agency-level capacity, inter-agency conflict, and the persistence of the previously-extant agrarian property structure. These dynamics have influenced the state to shift from its initial objective of food sovereignty to a policy of nationalist food security."
721559,"Chana Teeger, University of Johannesburg","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Paper Session. The Mechanisms of Color-Blind Racism,"Learning to be ""Color-Blind"": History Education in Post-Apartheid South Africa",Section,"Scholars document the emergence of apparently race-neutral discourses that serve to entrench racial stratification following the elimination of de jure segregation. These discourses deny the existence both of present-day racism and of the contemporary effects of histories of racial oppression. Researchers posit that individuals are socialized into these views. However, little empirical attention has been paid to the processes through which such learning occurs. Focusing on the South African case study, I draw on five months of daily observations in seventeen ninth-grade history classrooms, content analysis of class notes, and 170 in-depth interviews with teachers and students to document how students are taught not to attend to the effects of apartheid on their society. Teachers told both sides of the story by focusing on white victims and resisters on the one hand, and black perpetrators on the other. In so doing, they decoupled the racialized coding of victims and perpetrators, and sidelined discussions of beneficiaries, hindering students’ claims about the contemporary effects of apartheid. The study adds to the literature by outlining the micro-interactional contexts in which individuals are taught about the irrelevance of the past. Implications for literatures on race, education, collective memory, and transition to democracy are discussed."
721560,"Christine H. Morton, Stanford University; Katie Pine, University of California-Irvine","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,The Landscape of Maternal Quality Measures: Case Study of Perinatal Core Measure PC-01,Roundtable,"Maternity care has recently been highlighted as an under-performing sector of U.S. healthcare and thus a strategic area for improvement.  Consequently, this sector is the locus of intense quality improvement efforts. The Joint Commission’s recently adopted perinatal care measure set is the most prominent measurement tool in the maternity care landscape at present. In this article, we orient readers to the shifting landscape of quality measurement in maternity care by providing an in-depth analysis of one measure, the “Elective Deliveries Less than 39 Weeks Gestational Age,” as a case study in how maternal quality measures are being used by various organizations and/or states.  We argue that quality measures themselves are changing the landscape of obstetric care in the U.S. and as a result, a critical understanding of the actual procedures for building, selecting, and implementing quality measures, as well as the potential benefits and pitfalls of engaging in quality measurement, are of value to maternal child health officials, obstetric clinicians and policy makers."
721561,"Sharyn Davies, Auckland University of Technology; Adrianus Meliala, University of Indonesia; John Buttle, Auckland University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Please be Polite: Procedural Justice and Police Reform in Indonesia,Roundtable,"This paper explores whether people in Indonesia would welcome a procedural justice model of policing. I take procedural justice to involve the quality of police decision-making, the quality of treatment extended by police to the public, and moral similitude between police and citizens. While a large volume of work has been published on procedural justice and policing since Tyler’s model was developed in 1990, this work has been predominantly quantitative (and largely grounded in psychology), and almost exclusively based in the US, the UK, and Australia. In exploring the applicability of procedural justice to policing in Indonesia, this article extends the geographic scope of the procedural justice model, and provides a richly contextualised and nuanced account of people’s everyday experiences with police within a procedural justice framework. The article draws on data from nine months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted on policing in Indonesia spread between 2011 and 2013. What this data suggests is that people in Indonesia would be receptive to a procedural justice model of policing."
721562,"Daniel Faas, Trinity College Dublin","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Equality and Diversity in the Classroom: Students’ and Teachers’ Attitudes in Six European Countries,Roundtable,"Globalisation and increased mobility of people within the EU have led to increased immigration and greater diversity within many EU countries, which has affected the composition of workplaces and classrooms. This includes diversity in terms of nationality, as well as ethnic, racial and religious diversity. This article expands awareness of diversity issues in the workplace to classrooms. It is based on a cross-cultural comparative study of the attitudes of secondary school students and their teachers in six European countries: Ireland, the UK, France, Latvia, Italy and Spain. The sample included 320 students and 208 teachers for a total of 528 respondents. The article compares and contrasts attitudes towards non-national students, ethnic and religious minorities and disabled students, as well as gender issues, bullying and general perceptions of equality and diversity. It demonstrates that there is a need for teachers to have the skills and competencies to deal effectively with this new environment. The study contributes to teacher training development and discusses how to create a more inclusive classroom."
721563,"Daniel Faas, Trinity College Dublin","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Everybody is Available to Them: Support Measures for Migrant Students in Irish Secondary Schools,Roundtable,"Migration to Ireland is continuing, albeit at a much slower pace and migrant children continue to have a strong presence in Irish schools. How well these students integrate into the Irish system, depends, at least partially, on the support measures the schools have put in place for these students. This article reports the results of an empirical study on support measures available in Irish secondary schools. In doing so, it draws on secondary analysis of data gathered for a larger study on migrant children in Irish schools. While the experiences of migrant children in the Irish educational system have been extensively researched over the years, few previous studies have drawn on a nationally representative dataset and focussed specifically on the support measures migrant students can have access to."
721565,"Katrin Prinzen, University of Cologne","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Intergenerational Justice in an Aging Society: A Qualitative Study of the USA Young's Believes,Roundtable,"This study asks how the USA young generation legitimises intergenerational redistribution in times of demographic aging. The young are said to be disadvantaged: They burden a growing group of pensioners while expecting much lower pensions themselves. However, studies show that they still support intergenerational redistribution. This finding contradicts standard economic models of economic exchange. To explain this puzzle, this study analyses the beliefs and justifications about a just distribution of burdens and benefits between generations in a welfare state. It draws on original semi-structured interviews with young US-Americans. A three-dimensional conceptualization comprehensively captures beliefs about intergenerational justice. From: (1) a cross-sectional perspective, generations are linked through the labour force’s contributions that benefit pensioners; (2) a life course perspective, one generation contributes as labour force and benefits as pensioners; (3) a comparison of two time points, the labour force or pensioners, as populated by different generations, experience dissimilar circumstances. The findings, firstly, reveal multiple beliefs in favour of intergenerational redistribution and, secondly, show that different justifications can compensate for feelings of injustice."
721566,"Guobin Yang, University of Pennsylvania; Wei Wang, University of Southern California","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Paper Session. Open Topic on Communication and Information Technologies,The Opportunity Structures and Cultural Schemas of Online Collective Action: The Case of China,Section,"Recent scholarship on global internet-related protests emphasizes the role of digital networks and personal expression in online collective action (Bennett & Segerberg, 2013). Highlighting a neglected dimension in current scholarship, we show the importance of conditions external to digital networks in the making of online collective action. Using cases from China, we develop a perspective that takes account of the external conditions without losing sight of agency. We identify four different political styles of online collective action in China and link them to five types of opportunities. We argue that online collective action manifests different political styles depending on the different types of opportunities and cultural schemas available to actors. Actors calibrate their modes of action to the structures of opportunity and constraints, such that when opportunity structures change, their modes of action may change accordingly."
721568,"Luca Follis, Lancaster University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session","Power in Motion: Tracking Time, Space and Movement in the British Penal Estate",Roundtable,"Contemporary accounts depict the prison as an island of incapacity, a seemingly inert zone grounded in time-space relationships that have changed little since the 19th century and which appear impervious to the disruptive processes of late modernity. Commentators describe ‘prison-industrial’ complexes and ‘warehouse’ prisons, likening 21st century incarceration to storage for neo-liberal waste.  This paper tracks the impact of prison transfers (and mobility considerations more generally) on the spatio-temporal regimes pursued within the British Penal Estate under New Labour. I argue that what appear from outside as static spaces of detention are in fact nodes within a network deeply crisscrossed by internal patterns of mobility and the problematics of time-space coordination.  I explore the power relations that shape prisoner patterns of movement and highlight the distinctive states of deprivation they generate."
721573,"Rebecca Romo, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Paper Session. Sociology and Mixed Race Studies,Living Race and Identity in Black and Brown: Research on Blaxicans in the United States,Section,"This paper addresses research on Blaxicans, or dual-minority multiracial individuals who are the offspring of one Mexican American parent and one African American parent. This qualitative research draws from 40 in-depth interviews with adults from across the United States. Departing from research on mixed race populations that concentrate on White/non-White unions and their progeny, this research focuses on African American and Mexican American unions, marriages, offspring, and families. I investigate Blaxicans’ reproductive and resistant agency in response to structural factors that shape Blaxican identities. Blaxicans blend and borrow from African American and Mexican American cultural and historical sources to formulate identities that are multiracial/multiethnic and that are resistant to monoraciality and Whiteness. I find that Blaxican identities and experiences are influenced by the socialization provided by their parent(s), class, gender, and peer groups. While Blaxican identity is fluid and situational, Blaxicans reject the one-drop rule that labels them as Black on an intrapersonal level. Overall, this paper addresses how Blaxicans exist in a borderlands space that is in-between African American and Mexican American identities and realities."
721574,"Nitsan Chorev, Brown University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Paper Session. Development in Hard Times,On Social Development and Economic Growth: Local Drug Manufacturing in East Africa,Section,"In East Africa, imported generic medicines, especially from India, have greatly contributed to social development by improving access to low-cost, high-quality medicines. But what impact does the availability of imported medicines have on economic development, particularly industrial upgrading? The literature on development often assumes tension between the goal of social development and the goal of industrial development because the efficient provision of affordable social services would have to come at the expense of promoting local industry. In this paper I draw on the case of access to medicines in East Africa to show that, under certain conditions, this is not necessarily the case. I find that three conditions are particularly essential: that the ‘social development’ market – today this market is funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) – does not a-priori exclude local manufacturers; that the quality of the drugs purchased are effectively monitored; and that local manufacturers can gain access to technological know-how even when this technology is not easily provided by the market. A comparison between Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda indicates, moreover, that the means by which to gain access to technology would influence the spread and quality of industrial upgrading. The paper is based on extensive interviews in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and India."
721578,"David Jancsics, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Illegal Resource Exchange through Social Networks: A Relational Approach to Corruption,Roundtable,"Two main approaches dominate the corruption literature. While the rational-actor models represents pure profit-oriented individual decisions without any social constraints or past relations, the other end of the spectrum is the structural approach where human action is fully determined by structural constraints. However both paradigms have significant weaknesses since they provide rather static and substantialist descriptions of social reality. A third paradigm emphasizes the importance of social networks in illegal resource exchange. This paper argues that the relational approach has more explanatory power because is focuses on the actors’ dynamic relationship structure in actual corrupt transactions. Moreover the relational approach has the potential to link rational actors with structural elements, or in other words, to bridge agency with structure in corruption research. This article provides a review on the relational view and its major contribution to corruption research. It also stresses some weaknesses and potential directions for future research."
721579,"Julian Go, Boston University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Historical Sociology: The Method - Theory Nexus,Reconstructing the Global in Historical Sociology: Assemblages and Relations?,Regular,"Historical sociology has not been as global as it might be, instead remaining tied to various forms of state-centrism. This paper explains why and suggests some strategies for redressing the problem. Focusing mostly upon “second wave” historical sociology, it argues that historical sociology’s occlusion of global and transnational forms, dynamics, and processes lies in its analytic infrastructure that bifurcates social relations across space and emphasizes variable-based causal scientism. Overcoming the occlusion requires rescaling the objects of study and seeking descriptive assemblages of global and transnational forms, dynamics, and processes."
721580,"David Jancsics, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Normative and Material Imperatives in Informal Transactions,Roundtable,"In terms of actors’ motivations, the mainstream literature about illicit informal transactions distinguishes two main types: collusion or extortion. The first occurs when partners participate in illicit deals because they seek some illegal benefits. In the second type, clients are constrained to participate because they face extortion from agents. In several former communist European countries the majority of people report that extorting bribes is a widespread practice by “street level bureaucrats”. However the findings of this study suggest that extortion is only one form of social constraint in such transactions. Based on 50 in-depth qualitative interviews this paper provides a systematic analysis of external imperatives in informal exchanges. We identify two different patterns, institutional and material structural forces that ordinary citizens face in post-socialist Hungary. Moreover there are numerous themes within each pattern constraints at societal as well as organizational levels."
721581,"Thomas DeGloma, City University of New York-Hunter College","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Narrative, Biography, and Culture 1",The Unconscious as Vocabulary of Motive:  Cultural Contention and the Ethics of Psychosocial Discovery,Regular,"In this paper, I explore two cultural conflicts in which actors use biographically-situated claims about the personal unconscious to define issues of moral and political concern. The first case involves the evolving tension between the gay pride community and advocates of sexual reparative therapy over the nature of homosexuality. The second case involves the ongoing dispute between the recovered memory movement and the False Memory Syndrome Foundation over the veracity of recovered memories of child sexual abuse. Both of these public battles took initial form in the same era – at a moment of significant cultural and political change in the late twentieth century when interested parties began to advance an ethic of participatory democracy to undermine the ethic of dynamic paternalism at the core of conventional psychoanalytic theories and practices. Both cases reveal deep seated cultural tensions that revolve around the nature of sexuality, the moral character of particular sexual dynamics, and the boundaries of intimacy. Both concern issues that continue to stir controversy today. Taking a historical, cultural and cognitive sociological perspective, I show how the personal unconscious takes form as contested public narrative when agents use autobiographical stories to define particular issues and experiences as morally problematic. When actors tell stories involving the personal unconscious, they mobilize entrenched cultural and emotion codes as they work to define forces of right and wrong, ascribe innocence and guilt, and account for particular actions and behaviors in the world."
721587,"Michael W. Raphael, Northeastern University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Should Sociology Care about Theories of Human Nature? Some Durkheimian Considerations on the Social Individual,Roundtable,"Theories of human nature underlie major positions not only in social science but also in the public sphere and its relationship to inequality. When it comes to Durkheim, his theory of human nature is often confused with his critiques of intellectual individualism and his historical argument concerning moral individualism. This paper proposes to analytically separate Durkheim’s apparently intertwined positions to show Durkheim’s concept of the ‘social individual’ as found within his theory of human nature. This is the difference between society as the object of analysis where the individual is slowly expressed historically in regard to the transition from mechanical to organic solidarity and the conception of the relation between a human being and the manner in which social solidarity is generally realized in a human being, considered philosophically. It is with this evidence, this paper will show Durkheim’s concept of the ‘social’ individual helps illuminate how social life itself is possible."
721588,"Ann Owens, University of Southern California","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Section on Sociology of Education Paper Session. School, Peer, and Neighborhood Effects","Inequality in Children’s Contexts: Trends and Correlates of Economic Segregation between School Districts, 1990-2010",Section,"Rising economic segregation of neighborhoods suggests growing inequalities in social contexts that shape children’s opportunities. School districts are a particularly important social context for children as they determine the availability and distribution of resources to schools, but little is known about whether school districts are highly segregated by income or whether this has changed over time. This article examines how segregated school districts in the 100 largest metropolitan areas were by income from 1990 to the late 2000s and the possible causes of economic segregation between districts. Since 1990, the segregation by income of all households and childless households between school districts has not changed much. However, families with children, for whom school districts may be a more salient factor in residential choice and for whom the consequences of school district segregation are greater, have become more segregated by income during this time. Segregation for families with children, particularly public school families, increased primarily in the top ~2/3 of the income distribution. School district fragmentation, private school options, income inequality, and neighborhood segregation by income are all positively associated with how families with children in public school are sorted across school districts."
721589,"Mehrangiz Najafizadeh, University of Kansas","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Informal Discussion Roundtables,Decades of Social Change:  Soviet and Post-Soviet Eurasia and Central Asia,Informal,"The collapse of the Soviet Union has brought dramatic and important opportunities for the study of contemporary issues as well as for the comparative/historical study of social change in the ideologically unique regions of Eurasia and Central Asian.  Included are countries ranging from Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.  While of major theoretical interest, these regions also have taken on new and heightened practical geopolitical strategic significance.  This Informal Roundtable will provide an important opportunity for sociologists to join in discussion of salient issues related to dynamic social change in Eurasia and Central Asia.  The Roundtable will provide a mechanism for empirical and theoretical exchange pertaining to social issues and social change in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.  The Roundtable will allow us to explore, more closely, issues of ideology and of the social change during the Soviet-era and the post-Soviet era."
721590,"Julia Andrea Behrman, New York University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Is Schooling a ""Social Vaccine"" against HIV for Adolescent Girls? Evidence from Malawi and Uganda",Roundtable,"Schooling has been proposed to be a “social vaccine” against HIV/AIDS, especially for adolescent girls who are particularly at risk for new infection.  While the literature indicates a strong association between schooling and HIV, it has been unable to control for additional factors, such as socio-economic status, that predict both schooling and likelihood of HIV infection.  In this paper I deal with the endogeneity of schooling by taking advantage of a natural experiment, the implementation of Universal Primary Education policies in Malawi and Uganda in the mid 1990s.  I use data from the most recent Demographic Health Surveys in Malawi (2010) and Uganda (2011) and model the relationship between primary schooling and adult HIV status using an instrumented fuzzy regression discontinuity approach.  The results indicate that in Malawi a one year increase in schooling for a girl leads to a 6-7 percent reduction in probability of testing positive for HIV as an adult and in Uganda a one year increase in schooling leads to a 2-4 percent reduction in probability of testing positive for HIV as an adult. In a series of supplementary analyses a number of potential pathways through which such effects may occur are explored. Findings indicate increased exposure to primary school affects overall schooling attainment and effects adolescent sexual behavior to some extent.  However primary schooling has no effect on recent (adult) sexual behavior."
721591,"April M Hudson, Texas State University-San Marcos","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Body and Embodiment Roundtable Session (one-hour).,I Don’t Need a Man to Ride: Navigating Stereotypes among Women Motorcycle Riders,Roundtable,"This study examines the experiences of women motorcycle riders.  Previous studies note shifts in the gender roles of women motorcycle riders.  Additional literature explores how women motorcycle riders experience gender-related obstacles at physical, social and cultural levels, as well as redefining deviant identity, and pushing gender expectations within the women motorcycle community.  I draw from participant observation and in-depth interviews to illustrate how women interact with each other in women meet-ups, rides and organized events.  In addition, this study brings attention to motorcycle models, motorcycle styles, apparel, gear and the attitudes of women who ride.  My preliminary analysis suggests women motorcyclists construct gender through feminizing the motorcycle, and most often, feminizing their apparel.  I will argue against the common stereotypes of women motorcycle riders as typically butch, masculine, or lesbian, but rather a wide variety of masculinity and femininity is observed among women motorcycle riders.  Women want to experience the same sense of freedom, excitement, confidence and independence felt when riding a motorcycle that male motorcyclists want to experience, which does not brand women as masculine."
721595,"Asad L. Asad, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Disasters: Resilience, Vulnerability, and Risk","Contexts of Reception, Post-Disaster Migration, and Socioeconomic Mobility",Regular,"Poor and otherwise marginalized populations are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters. However, current theories of post-disaster migration and mobility fail to account for the larger social and structural contexts within which low-income populations undertake the migration decision. I extend a theoretical framework from the sociology of immigration – the context of reception approach – and systematize the disparate findings in the literature on how distinct policy, labor market, and social contexts influence post-disaster migration decisions for a vulnerable population. Drawing on longitudinal interview data from the Resilience in the Survivors of Katrina Project, I find that individuals’ subjective experiences with each context – especially the social dimension – underlay respondents’ post-Katrina migration decisions. Specifically, processes of evaluation between origin and destination, perceptions of discrimination, and changing contexts over time all influence respondents’ post-disaster migration decisions. I suggest implications for future research on post-disaster migration and, more generally, residential stability for vulnerable populations."
721596,"Rebecca Ann DiBennardo, University of California-Los Angeles; Abigail C. Saguy, University of California-Los Angeles","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Families that Challenge and are Challenged by Our Times,"Children of Queer Parents: Negotiating Identity, Stigma, and Community over the Lifespan",Section,"Same-sex couples are raising increasing numbers of children and represent a growing area of family research. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 27 young adult children of gay men and lesbians in the United States, this paper examines how such individuals manage the stigma associated with having gay parents and the extent to which their parents’ sexual orientation becomes a salient part of their own self identification. We find that experience of this stigma varies over the life cycle, as information about parents’ sexual orientation becomes easier to conceal. We further find that, as these children become adults, their own sexual orientation shapes the ways in which they make sense of this aspect of their biography, as well as their relationship with gay rights groups. We find that some adult children of gay parents seek out others with similar family background as part of affirming this aspect of their biography."
721597,"Carolyn C. Perrucci, Purdue University; Mangala Subramaniam, Purdue University; Robert Perrucci, Purdue University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Gender and Work in the Academy,Women Sociologists as Editors and Authors in Two Leading Sociology Journals: 1960 – 2010,Regular,"We examine the role of gender and elite department ranking on the involvement as editors and authors in two leading sociology journals between 1960 and 2010. Data were obtained from a sample of journals and the selection of over 1,600 articles which were coded for gender of editors, deputy/associate editors, and authors, and elite or non-elite affiliation of both editors and authors. We use a theoretical framework of social closure that may be expressed through knowledge social closure, demographic social closure, and competitive social closure. Findings indicate a high degree of social closure based on the elite status editors and authors. Social closure based on gender diminishes over time, corresponding to the expansion of women faculty in sociology. However, the expanded role of women as editors and authors is also linked to the expanded importance of affiliation with an elite department."
721598,"Mangala Subramaniam, Purdue University; Robert Perrucci, Purdue University; Carolyn C. Perrucci, Purdue University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Elites,"Academic Social Closure: Publication Patterns in Two Sociology Flagship Journals, 1960-2010",Regular,"We examine patterns of publication in two leading flagship sociology journals, ASR and AJS for the years 1960-2010.  We draw from the work of Derek J. de Solla Price on ‘big science’ and ‘little science’ as well as from Parkin’s early work on social closure to develop the academic closure model. This model is driven by three different social forces: Demographic Social Closure, Competitive Social Closure, and Knowledge Social Closure. This paper focuses on the second and third forces of academic social closure as being central to maintaining the highly competitive and stratified system of universities. We consider universities as elite or non-elite based on the Cartter (1996) ranking of top 20 sociology departments, and the National Research Council (1995) ranking of the top 23 departments for 2005 and 2010.  The elite-non-elite stratification is central to the model of academic closure that we propose.  Our analysis of trends support the predictions made by de Solla Price over 50 years ago.  Indicators of big science practices are found in published articles in the form of research funding, multiple authorship, expansion of article length and references, and expanded use of secondary data over primary data. More important, however, is the evidence for great competitive and knowledge social closure in the publication process in terms of representation of journal editors and authors from top ranked departments being over-represented in the flagship journal."
721603,"Sandy L. Ross, State University-Higher School of Economics","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Myth of the Lazy Ruble? Affluent Migrants' Adjustments to Rubles and Russian Culture,Roundtable,"Monies are part of economies which are embedded in culture. Implicit in this framing is the shared cultural context of an economy and its actors and institutions. What happens when that context is not shared, for example, when an economy and money are embedded in one culture, and economic actors are embedded in another? Within a given culture there are heterogeneous logics or regimes of justification that can be aligned or juxtaposed, but a multicultural economy is an idea that remains problematic for economic sociology. Yet multicultural economies, with actors embedded in multiple cultural contexts, are the daily realities of millions of people living abroad as migrants.  This paper explores how one privileged group of migrants – affluent expatriates in Moscow – manage mismatches between culture and economy through their uses and understandings of Russian rubles. These practices and understandings reflect respondents' relationships with Russian life and contemporary culture. Affluent migrants describe the Russian ruble's denominations as overly large, indicative of a money that is 'out of control'. Large monetary denominations are understood by respondents as indicators of an economy that is unruly, undisciplined, irrational. But implicit in these worries is also a fear that this money/economy is beyond respondents' control. There is a curious colonial undercurrent in affluent Western migrants' struggles with the ruble. In these accounts, the myth of the lazy native is remade in stories about the useless ruble, the confusing Russian economy and 'corruption' as Russian economic culture."
721604,"Marko Grdesic, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Split Elite Thesis Revisited: The Case of the Serbian Protest Wave of 1988,Roundtable,"This paper revisits the old “split elite thesis” – which suggests that divisions in the elite are a key facilitating condition that makes protests, contentious action and revolutions possible – and presents it in refurbished form, as a mechanism that connects elite and mass actors in a process of “eventful history.” Such a mechanism takes the split elite from a background static condition to an interactive process, as urged by the “dynamics of contention” approach. The case at hand is communist Yugoslavia in the late 1980s. More concretely, it is Serbia, one of the republics of the federal state, which in 1988 experienced a protest wave of predominantly nationalist mobilization which is known as the “anti-bureaucratic revolution.” This paper uses event history methods to show that congresses of the communist party are relevant for the occurrence and escalation of protest."
721605,"Wendy Griswold, Northwestern University; Hannah Linda Wohl, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Cultural Studies 2: Aesthetic Choices (and Constraints): From Creation to Mediation,The Front Line of Culture,Regular,"The front line of culture is where mid-level professionals engage directly with the public.  Neither cultural authority nor popular demand can explain decisions made at this juncture. Research on One Book programs reveals that while those working on the front line of culture share sophisticated literary tastes and recognize contemporary reader preferences, their choices are independent from either.  Instead book selections result from institutional needs and from a persistent tropism toward the region.  Such front-line decisions perpetuate a culture of place that resists both elite tastes and market forces."
721610,"Reginald Daniel, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Paper Session. Sociology and Mixed Race Studies,"Introductory Remarks: Sociology, the Mixed-Race Problem, and the Failure of a Perspective",Section,"James McKee in Sociology and the Race Problem: The Failure of a Perspective (1993) argues that sociology in the United States has fundamentally failed to comprehend and forecast the trajectory of U.S. race relations. Specifically, most sociologists in the field of race relations did not foresee African American insurgency in the nonviolent protests beginning in the 1950s much less the black power movement or violent urban uprisings in the 1960s, when many political actors rejected the idea of integration and came to view African Americans as a plural society and culture separate from that of European Americans. McKee attributes this failure to a distinctive perspective constructed by European American sociologists, which reflected the racial commonsense and inherent white supremacist bias of the larger society. Similarly, sociologists were conspicuously silent on multiracial identity and the mixed-race experience as the topic entered the conversation on U.S. racial formation during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Furthermore, most sociologists failed to anticipate the emergence of collective agency and political action speaking to mixed-race concerns. This is attributable to a distinctive perspective constructed by not only European American sociologists but African American and other sociologists of color as well. Their mindset reflected the racial commonsense and inherent monoracial bias of the larger society notwithstanding the different motivations that have historically underpinned monoracial imperatives among communities of color as compared to those of European Americans."
721617,"Carolyn A. Liebler, University of Minnesota; Sonya Rastogi, U.S. Census Bureau; Renuka Bhaskar, U.S. Census Bureau; Leticia E. Fernandez","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Indigenous Peoples 2,"Occasionally American Indian: Joining, Leaving, and Staying in the AIAN Race Category, 2000-2010",Regular,"The number of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) responses in successive censuses has increased for decades. We decompose the newest decennial increase –2000 to 2010 – using uniquely-suited linked data which allows us to know a person’s race and Hispanic response(s) in both years. For example, we describe the characteristics of those who self-reported single-race non-Hispanic AIAN in both censuses (727,000), and compare them to those who joined that population (308,000) and those who left that population by 2010 (299,000). Few multiracial or Hispanic American Indians kept the same race/ethnic response over the decade. We test prior ideas about who joins, stays, or leaves the populations of single-race and multiple-race Hispanic and non-Hispanic AIANs."
721618,"Frederick Carson Mencken, Baylor University; Charles M. Tolbert, Baylor University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Capital,American Civic Community over Space and Time,Regular,"In this paper we examine the declining social capital thesis typified by Putnam’s Bowling Alone and its overriding implicit assumption that the decline in civil community is occurring evenly across the United States.   We integrate the civil society model of uneven development with the systemic model of community attachment to predict the temporal and spatial change in civic community between 1980 and 2010.  We develop an index of civic community based on a principal components factor analytic solution of U.S. county data.  The index is calculated at four points in time that correspond to the four most recent U.S. decennial population censuses:  1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. We conduct analysis of spatial autocorrelation in U.S. counties at the four time points. Contrary to the declining social capital thesis, we find substantial evidence of regional and local clustering of civic community across the U.S. We then use a pooled time-series, cross-sectional spatial lag approach to model change in civic community over space and time.  We find a decline in average levels of civic community between 1980 and 2010, but the trend is not linear.  We also find that, net of significant spatial autocorrelation, several characteristics of counties facilitate the development of civic community structures over time (county levels of education, income, population size/density) while other characteristics impede the development of civic community structures over time (net migration, percent nonwhite, foreign born, and income inequality).  Implications for research on uneven development and community civic engagement are discussed."
721622,"Chris Gillespie, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veteran's Hospital","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Informal Discussion Roundtables,Engaging Medical Clinicians in Qualitative Sociological Research,Informal,"This is a topic proposal for an Infomal Discussion Rountable.   Medical sociologists have frequent contact with medical professionals in the course of their research.  While medical professionals have training and experience with clinical investigations, they are often unfamiliar with the types of research questions sociologists typically ask, as well as the methodologies sociologists, and other social scientists, employ in their research.  In particular, sociologists who conduct qualitative research may have difficulty describing their research initiatives to clinically-trained medical professionals in a way that leads to productive research collaboration.  I propose a discussion on strategies for engaging physicians and other medical clinicians in qualitative research with a sociological focus."
721623,"Valerie A. Francisco, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Families that Challenge and are Challenged by Our Times,When Caring Hurts: The Work of Strained Relationships in Transnational Families,Section,"The normative conception of care work is described through qualities of nurturance, love and warmth in the intimate relationships of family members. However, the work of caring for family draws from a range of affects, from warmhearted to reticent. Applied to studies of transnational families, scholars have shown that children of migrants demonstrate resentment and indignation towards their parents abroad because of their absence. Based on the definition of care work as nurturance, transnational children narrate the emotional distance to their migrant parents with cynicism. Yet, children left behind still attend to the necessary work needed to keep their families functional despite emotive dissonance. This paper explores the labor of maintaining transnational families in spite of the positive or negative emotional charge of caring. Adding nuance to the literature on care work within the transnational family, I argue that care work is still work even if family members do not express that work with love. I seek to untangle the idea of care work as nurturing or loving; and instead present examples where care work is cold to establish the idea that caring is work that is allocated no matter the moral underpinnings. To offer a different framework to understand hostility in the care work transnational families, I use a social reproductive labor framework to analyze the emotions involved with caring in a transnational family. I provide evidence from my multi-sited ethnography of care work in Filipino transnational families to demonstrate care work carried out within strained relationships."
721624,"Paul Glavin, McMaster University; Marisa Christine Young, McMaster University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Sociology of Mental Health Paper Session. The Economy, Work, and Mental Health",Insecure People or Places? The Influence of Regional Unemployment on Workers’ Reactions to Perceived Job Insecurity,Section,"Social comparison theory predicts that unemployment should be associated with fewer negative mental health consequences as the experience becomes more widely shared, but do these predictions extend to employed individuals who are tenuously attached to the labor market? While there is evidence that higher rates of unemployment increase perceptions of job insecurity among the employed—perceptions that are in turn associated with poorer physical and mental health—there is limited research that has examined how economic context might also influence the degree that these perceptions are distressing. We address this research gap by analyzing a nationally representative sample of Canadian workers (n=3,900) linked to census data in order to explore whether regional unemployment rates shape the association between perceptions of job insecurity and mental health. Results from HLM analyses support our social norm of insecurity hypothesis: the mental health consequences of job insecurity are lower for those individuals residing in census divisions where the unemployment rate is higher. We discuss the implications of these findings for the role of economic context in shaping the relationship between personal work experiences and mental health."
721627,"Timothy James Haney, Mount Royal University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Factory to Faculty: Socioeconomic Difference and the Educational Trajectories of University Professors,Roundtable,"Numerous essays exist on the lived experiences of academics from working-class or poverty-class origins.  Yet, to date, there exists no systematic analysis of the class origins of university faculty members.  This study utilizes surveys from a random sample of full-time university professors from all 95 Canadian universities affiliated with the AUCC to analyze the ways in which socioeconomic background impacts experiences within university and graduate school.  Findings indicate that several measures of socioeconomic background are indeed significant predictors of this experience.   Qualitative data reveal that working-class faculty members are hyper-aware of the ways in which their class backgrounds affected their educational trajectories; while conversely, academics from middle-class backgrounds were also reflective about the ways in which they were privileged.  The paper concludes with implications for developing public policy that shifts focus away from apolitical discussions of diversity, toward promoting inclusivity for those from working-class or lower-SES backgrounds."
721633,"Jeylan T Mortimer, University of Minnesota; Lei Zhang, University of Minnesota; Chen-Yu Wu, University of Minnesota; Jeanette M. Hussemann; Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Washington State University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Interrelations of Adolescent Achievement Orientations, Parental Goals, and Socioeconomic Attainments: A Three Generation Study",Roundtable,"This research investigates the social reproduction of inequality by drawing on prospective longitudinal data from three generations of Youth Development Study respondents.  It examines intergenerational influence on adolescents’ educational plans, as well as a relatively under-studied dimension of the adolescent self-concept with potential relevance for educational attainment, academic self-esteem. A structural equation model, based on 422 triads, finds evidence that the sources giving rise to the development of G3 children’s achievement orientations are not only the result of G2 parental contemporaneous influence.  They also extend back, in both direct and indirect ways, to the G2 parents’ own conceptions of their ability and their educational plans when they were adolescents during high school, and to the G2 parents’ educational attainments. G3 children’s achievement orientations are also found to be influenced indirectly by their grandparents’ socioeconomic accomplishments and by the expectations the G1 grandparents had more than 20 years earlier for the G2 adolescents."
721634,"Anna Weller Jacobs, Vanderbilt University; Terrence D. Hill, University of Utah; Daniel Tope, Florida State University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Gain or Pain? Employment, Childcare Conflict, and the Mental Health of Low-Income Urban Women",Roundtable,"Extant literature suggests that becoming employed promotes mental health. Although this body of work has made significant contributions to our understanding of socioeconomic variations in mental health, there may be conditions under which the usual mental health benefits of employment are attenuated or perhaps reversed. We ask two questions: Does becoming employed improve the mental health of low-income women with children? Is this relationship moderated or attenuated by employment conflicts with childcare arrangements? We find that low-income urban women with children who gained employment reported fewer symptoms of distress from baseline to follow-up than respondents who remained unemployed. We also find that respondents who gained employment that did not conflict with childcare also exhibited more favorable mental health changes than women who remained unemployed. Conversely, those who found employment that did conflict with childcare arrangements exhibited poorer mental health changes than those who remained unemployed. These findings suggest that valuing the benefits of paid work over unpaid work is an oversimplification, and that the emphasis of placing poor mothers into paid work might be misguided."
721636,"Maria Kaylen, Indiana University; William Alex Pridemore, Georgia State University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",The Impact of Demographic Composition on Rural Violence Rate Trends in the United States: A Counterfactual Analysis,Roundtable,"Urban violence rates are generally higher than suburban and rural violence rates but the magnitude of differences has not been consistent over time. We explore one potential explanation for this in this study: that the changing demographic compositions of these three areas are partially responsible for changes in violence rates. Following Thacher’s (2004) methodological framework, we examine changes in location-specific demographics and aggravated assault incident rates using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data from 1993 to 2005 and then we determine the combined effects of demographic composition changes on violence rate changes through the use of estimated counterfactual models. It may be that demographic-victimization risk relationships vary by community size, so we also address this question. Following Thacher’s (2004) theoretical and methodological framework for testing demographic change hypotheses, NCVS data were used in a three step process. First, we calculated rural, suburban, and urban aggravated assault incident rates, showing that although urban rates were highest throughout the study period, the gap between urban and non-urban rates decreased dramatically by 2005. Second, bivariate analyses revealed that demographic composition changes affected aggravated assault incident rate changes differently across locations with age and income having the largest effects. Third, we calculated counterfactual incident rates to determine the percent of incident rate changes due to combined demographic composition changes. This final step revealed that demographic changes affected rural aggravated assault incident rate changes the most. Further analyses supported the bivariate finding that demographic-victimization risk relationships vary by location, especially the age and income relationships."
721637,"Kofi Takyi Asante, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Colonial State Formations: A Conceptual Note,Roundtable,"Recent decades have witnessed great progress in the study of colonialism. However, an explicit concept of colonial state formation has not yet been formulated. This paper addresses this gap by drawing on two different literatures, state formation and colonialism, to elaborate the concept of colonial state formation. Proposing policy making and policy implementation as the constituent dimensions of colonial state formation, the paper identifies a number of indicators to aid the assessment of the influences and definitive roles of a variety of actors from among the colonisers and the colonised in the process of colonial state formation. I suggest that this approach necessarily involves a rejection of an approach to the study of colonialism that sees eventual independence as the end-goal of nationalist activities; such a focus obscures from view the different ways in which nationalist activists shape colonial structures and institutions. The approach proposed in this paper will allow for the examination of materialist factors, like economic and political interests, as well as culturalist factors, such as religious beliefs or norms, and how these shaped the ways in which particular colonial states were crafted. The paper argues that a formalised concept of colonial state formation will facilitate a more productive exchange between scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds working on various aspects of the colonial state."
721638,"Jonathan Jackson, University of Maryland","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Roundtable Session,Spousal Influence on Retirement Timing of Dual-earner Couples,Roundtable,"This paper examines the impact of spousal characteristics on the timing of retirement for dual-earner couples. As the timing of retirement has become more irregular, understanding how and when individuals retire has become more difficult. The decision to retire is an individual choice but one's family, particularly one's spouse, can influence the process. And with the work lives of many women becoming much more similar to men, couples must factor in both spouses' savings, social security eligibility, pension assets, and health insurance coverage. Using data from multiple waves of the Health and Retirement Study, I look at how a person's spouse impacts the timing of retirement, net of an individual's economic and personal characteristics. By analyzing retirement across cohorts, I also address how women's increased attachment to the labor force impacts the retirement trajectory of their spouse as well as their own.  With separate models for men and women, I employ logistic regression models to see what factors affect the retirement transition and leads individuals within dual earning couples to choose particular pathways towards retirement."
721639,"Michael Gary Meacham, Valdosta State University; Mary E. Booker, Valdosta State University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Forbidden Fruit: Social Class and Religion Then and Now,Roundtable,"Abstract When a religion begins there tends to be a charismatic figure (Weber [1901] 1978) who convinces people that his or her teachings and way of life answers questions of “ultimacy” (Berger, 1967) and may lead to a better world.  Eastern religions tend to focus on the inner self, which Weber ([1901] 1978) called “inner worldly”, while the Abrahamic religions tended to focus on world proselytizing, which Weber ([1901] 1978) called “salvation religion.” This paper seeks to demonstrate that some eastern religions avoid the “routinization of charisma” (Weber [1901] 1978), when the Abrahamic religions developed a hierarchy after the death of their leaders that has led to an elite group, that has reformulated the original teachings of their founders to their own benefit, thus supporting Marx’s ([1843] 1977) statement that “Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.”  Abrahamic religion has become a class based religion, supporting the status of the rich and providing legitimations and rules to the poor to maintain their class structure.  Eastern religions, most especially Taoism ([550 B.C.E.] 2004 C.E.) never developed a hierarchy, actively resisting doing so, and thereby maintains its focus on living a better life and making a better world"
721640,"Lisa Miller, Indiana University-Bloomington","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,"One Size Fits All?  Social, Historical, and Institutional Contexts for the Practice of Feminist Pedagogy",Roundtable,"Despite the fact that feminist pedagogy has long been the subject of theoretical and autobiographical work, much less is empirically known about the actual practice of feminist pedagogy. Relying on in-depth interviews with feminist teachers, I examine the social, historical, and institutional contexts that shape how feminist teachers define and put feminist pedagogy into practice today. The narratives of instructors suggest that definitions of feminist pedagogy today center on critical approaches to the sharing and creation of knowledge in the classroom. Additionally, instructors now acknowledge that they are unable to fully relinquish power and authority within the institution of higher learning. Additionally, I find that the social identities of instructors, classroom sizes, and the level of a class produce variations in how feminist pedagogy is practiced. This article suggests that there may not be a one-size-fits-all feminist pedagogy, and that pedagogical decisions must be situated within social and institutional contexts."
721641,"Jennifer Carlson, University of Toronto","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Violence,The Citizen-Vigilante? On Lethal Mistakes and the Misuses of Guns,Regular,"Does American gun culture reduce the likelihood of violence, as gun rights advocates maintain, or increase it, as gun control advocates advance? This question has typically been interrogated through the statistical analysis of the effect of gun ownership on violent crime rates. Rather than examining the impact of guns on violence from this macro-level, criminological perspective, this paper focuses on micro-level meanings and practices that shape the use of guns in self-defense contexts. Drawing on participant observation and interviews with gun carriers in Michigan, including an in-depth examination of one gun carrier who was ultimately found guilty of brandishing his firearm and subsequently lost the right to possess and carry guns, this paper dissects the misuses and misunderstandings associated not with criminal guns but with lawfully carried guns. It examines how the situational dynamics of violent encounters, combined with racialized and gendered narratives of self-defense and crime, can facilitate behaviors among gun carriers that put bystanders (and themselves) at risk. While the vast majority of gun carriers do not engage in criminal behaviors with the guns that they don, and many even actively attempt to police themselves and others, the new politics of concealed carry opens up new possibilities for lethal mistakes and misunderstandings among otherwise law-abiding citizens."
721648,"Miwako Hosoda, Seisa University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Influenza Information Seeking Behavior of Boston Japanese Community,Roundtable,"Objective: In 2009, the H1N1 influenza pandemic had emerged in Mexico and spread to the many other countries and made people confused how to respond to it.  This study aimed to investigate the health-related behavior of the Japanese who were living in the Boston area when they faced to the outbreak.  Methods: The survey sheet was originally developed referring to the Health-Related Quality-Of-Life (HRQOL).  The study design was convenient sampling questionnaire survey, conducted in November and December in 2009.  The distributed number was 286 (the return rate was 54 per cent).  Results: People with higher socio-economical status (SES) obtained higher health literacy score. Our data suggested that health literacy, ideas of vaccine safety, SES, and information source affected people’s behavior; as the higher SES level, the higher the vaccination rate (p= 0.02). The more people thought the vaccine was safe, the more they underwent vaccination (p=0.007).  People who had fewer children (p=0.04), who had resided relatively short in the US (p=0.027), and who got information through Japanese mass-media (p=0.02), tended to have higher vaccination rates than those who did not.  Conclusion: This result substantiated that health literacy, SES, and health information source affect people’s health behavior."
721651,"Fernando Linhares, Drew University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session","Academic Center of Law and Business, the Human Rights Program v. The Minister of Finance",Roundtable,"Why did the Israeli Supreme Court issue the first opinion against the dominant ‘cult of efficiency’ with respect to prison privatization?  In a neoliberal economy, as the influence of private entities (such as prison privatization) are enhance to the detriment of governmental powers, there is an increased concern of human rights violations and personal liberty restrictions.  Human rights evolved to safeguard against public abuses, but private abuses of human rights have been found in the pervasive privatization of prisons in many industrialized nations.  The moral (and global) implications of Israel’s 2009 decision rejecting prison privatization (the first of any nation to do so), is explored in this proposal with specific focus given to how the psychology of the Holocaust influenced the psychology of prison privatization.  It is believed that the Holocaust influenced the Israeli Supreme Court’s decision.  Specifically, by holding that the 2004 government plan to enable a private contractor to build a prison, representing the commodification of social services to secure profits, jeopardized the rights of vulnerable prisoners to human dignity by circumventing the safeguards represented by the Israel Prison Service, the Court modeled prosocial behavior, placing ethics above profit.  As private prisons exist in over a dozen nations, will this opinion have persuasive precedential value or is the opinion a reflection of the unique social realities of Israel."
721652,"Nathan Marom, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Planning as Principle of Vision and Division:  A Bourdieusian View of Tel Aviv’s Urban Development,Roundtable,"This paper draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of ‘principles of vision and division’ to conceptualize the role of urban planning in processes of socio-spatial distinction. Planning, through its classification schemes and specific methodologies (such as zoning), mediates the long-term processes by which the divisions and hierarchies of social space are inscribed and reproduced in urban space.  The paper develops this conceptual framework within a historically specific urban setting, analyzing Tel Aviv’s planning and development across several periods, from the 1920s to the 1950s. It examines its constitutive plans in a wider political, social and cultural context, including colonial development, modernism, the Jewish-Arab ethno-national conflict and consecutive migrations to Palestine and Israel. The analysis highlights how urban planning in each period applied different visions and divisions to shape the socio-spatial distinction between Tel Aviv and Jaffa, and between the city and its ‘slums’ and ‘periphery’ in the south. In conclusion, the article suggests some general contours of planning as vision and division to inform urban sociology more widely, in historical and contemporary contexts."
721655,"Claudia N. Chaufan, University of California-San Francisco; Jarmin Yeh, University of California-San Francisco","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,"Active School Transport, Child Obesity, and Blind Spots in the Child Health Inequalities Literature",Roundtable,"As rates of active transport among school-age children (AST) have decreased and rates of child obesity increased, it has been proposed that increasing AST would help reduce child obesity and improve child health.  To this effect, behavioral/educational/environmental changes have been proposed.  However, studies examining the relationship between AST and child obesity have yielded mixed, even counterintuitive, results. Using AST data obtained from public elementary schools in California and child health data from the California Physical Fitness Test, we examined the association between AST and child obesity and attempted to disambiguate this relationship introducing poverty as a variable. Our most salient finding was that greater AST correlated with higher rates of child obesity. Yet more revealing was that greater AST correlated with higher rates of child poverty, which in turn correlated with substantially worse child health and obesity, suggesting that child poverty may explain the counterintuitive relationship between AST and child obesity that has puzzled other investigators. Our data also provide support for the existence of recurring blind spots in the health inequalities literature that often acknowledges that poverty begets poor health, yet rarely calls for eliminating poverty as the means to improve health and eliminate inequalities, even as the social determinants of health such as poverty have become legitimate objects of scientific inquiry. We propose that however positive behavioral or environmental changes may be for the health of the poor, the only effective way to improve child health and reduce child obesity is by eliminating or dramatically reducing child poverty."
721657,"Jessica Rose Goodkind, University of New Mexico; Beverly Gorman, University of New Mexico; Julia Meredith Hess, University of New Mexico; Danielle Parker, University of New Mexico","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,A Place Called Treatment: Reconsidering Culturally Competent Approaches to American Indian Healing and Well-being,Roundtable,"There is an urgent need to eliminate mental health disparities experienced by American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs). Often these disparities are addressed by focusing on low rates of participation in Western mental health services. In part, this reflects limited understandings of the sociopolitical and historical context of AIAN mental health problems and of emic understandings of locally resonant coping strategies, healing, and treatment. This paper describes: 1) a study designed to address these gaps, 2) findings related to the importance of land and place, and 3) a community-university collaboration to translate these findings into meaningful change within one Diné (Navajo) community. Results revealed that connections to the land were an important cultural strength on which to build efforts to promote mental health and engage people in healing. Thus, effective treatment might need to involve more in-depth understanding of cultural processes through which healing occurs and well-being is maintained."
721659,"Premalatha Karupiah, University Sains Malaysia","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Sexual Violence and Tamil Movies: A Preliminary Analysis,Roundtable,"Sexual violence is socially constructed. What it means to be a victim or perpetrator of sexual violence is very different in different societies. Similarly, the loss experienced by victims may be socially constructed. Media is one of the important arenas where discourses on sexual assault are articulated. These discourses are important in the treatment of victim and perpetrator not only by the state and media but also by the society and most importantly those closely connected or related to the victim or the perpetrator. Research has consistently linked violence viewing with imitative behavior, increased hostility and acceptance of violence. Many studies have analyzed sexual violence in movies in Hollywood movies. Studies focusing on movies from South Asia focus are very few and mostly focus on Hindi movie. This paper is based on a preliminary analysis of ten Tamil movies. The movies were selected using a purposive sampling method and only movies which have at least one scene indicating/discussing sexual violence were selected. In Tamil movies, sexual violence particularly rape is used both as the main plot in a movie or a sub-plot of a movie. Other than that, sexual violence is also used in comedy scenes. The perpetrators are male and are mostly the ‘villain’ but can also be the ‘hero’ or supporting character. Portrayal of sexual violence particularly rape focuses mostly on the loss of honor and virginity and does not give much importance to the trauma faced by the victim."
721660,"Nelson Arnaldo Vera Hernandez, University of Puerto Rico-Aguadilla","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Latino/a Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,A Sociological View of the Puerto Rico’s Student Strike at 2010,Roundtable,"The university student struggles in Puerto Rico have had their moment and space: University of Puerto Rico (UPR). The Puerto Rican historiographers limited their observations on this subject at the university central campus of Rio Piedras. Nevertheless, the University of Puerto Rico is a system with eleven campuses and one central administration. However, this view of the University changed dramatically between March and June 2010. For the first time in the UPR’s history a strike unified the eleven campuses. The slogan was ""Eleven Campuses, One Strike"". The attention of the press remained on the two major campuses: Río Piedras and Mayagüez. This has been constant in the historiography of the University of Puerto Rico. 	The original reason was an increase in tuition and fees for summer courses and payment reduction for professors that would provide such courses. The students took note and questioned administration. The University Administration decided to apply these changes to the entire system without the faculty or students being aware of it. Then the media press reported that the President of the University would request a smaller budget for the next academic year. That was the straw that broke the glass. 	This paper discusses our experiences and observations of this strike on the grounds that the student finally passed a vote in favor of it: the Aguadilla Campus. Consideration was given documents, interviews, fonts, photos, patterns must press and direct observation of the facts to supplement the information we provide."
721663,"Amanda Koontz Anthony, University of Central Florida; Janice McCabe, Dartmouth College","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Roundtable Session,Friendship Talk as Identity Work: Defining the Self through Friends,Roundtable,"This paper places friendships at the center of individuals’ identity work, examining how individuals construct self-identities through their talk about friend relationships and networks. We conceptualize this “friendship talk” as a subcategory of identity talk. Using narrative-based interviews with emerging adults, we find three strategies of friendship talk: envisioning through others, situating with networks, and betterment distancing. These strategies demonstrate unique ways identity construction occurs through talk about friends. Individuals verbally connect with and separate from friends, while constructing desired selves and moral identities. We suggest that friendship talk strategies may be generic social processes that apply beyond emerging adulthood."
721672,"Jennifer Glanville, University of Iowa; Pamela M. Paxton, University of Texas-Austin; Yan Wang, University of Iowa","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Paper Session. Open Topic on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity",Social Capital and Generosity: A Multilevel Analysis,Section,"While much is known about the individual-level predictors of volunteering, charitable giving, and informal helping, less is known about how the characteristics of communities shape generosity. In this paper we assess the predicted effects of both individual and macro-level social capital (social networks and generalized trust) on three forms of generous behavior using the European Social Survey, which provides complete data on over 30,000 respondents in 174 regions in 21 countries. The results suggest that regional-level trust increases volunteering and donating to charities. In addition, regional-level social capital (both in the form of trust and social ties) enhances the effects of individual-level social capital on volunteering and donating. The patterns for informal helping differ considerably."
721673,"Phil R. Goodman, University of Toronto; Joshua Aaron Page, University of Minnesota; Michelle S. Phelps, University of Minnesota","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Prisons and Prisoners 1,The Long Struggle: An Agonistic Perspective on Penal Development,Regular,"Bridging insights from macro-level theorizing about “mass imprisonment” and micro-level case studies of contemporary punishment, this paper presents a mid-level agonistic perspective on penal change and variegation. Using the case of the “rise and fall” of the rehabilitative ideal in California to illustrate this perspective, we spotlight struggle as a central mechanism that both intensifies the variegated nature of punishment and drives penal transformation. The agonistic perspective posits that penal development is fueled by ongoing, low-level struggle among actors with varying amounts and types of resources. Like plate tectonics, friction from contestation periodically erupts into major battles and shifts in penal orientations. Conflicts do not occur in a vacuum; rather, large-scale trends in the economy, politics, social sentiments, inter-group relations, demographics, and crime affect—but do not fully determine—struggles over punishment and, ultimately, local penal outcomes."
721681,"Morgan Wells, University of California-Los Angeles","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Honor Among Vandals: Informal Property Rights in Urban Street Graffiti,Roundtable,"Through detailed ethnographic data, this study reveals an informal property rights system in which publicly-visible surfaces are illegally amalgamated into a common pool resource. In this system, rights can be multi-layered, managed post-facto, if at all, and in operation despite incredible risk and absent pecuniary gain.        Ultimately, the case of urban street graffiti shows that privatization and management are not necessarily solutions to the traditional tragedy of the commons, but rather the public nature of a resource can be its fundamental value. In fact, the main contribution of this paper is that the uncertainty borne of the public nature of claims is key for the enactment of property rights and perpetuation of honor among vandals. This study contributes a different possibility for understanding open-access resource pools and an opportunity to see multifaceted use, even when that layered use is non-sanctioned, and necessarily unenforceable by any formal property code. It also links the sociological and anthropological literatures of gift exchange and informal property to extend understandings of honor as relates to uncertainty and status."
721682,"Stefan Vogler, Northwestern University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Paper Session. Sex(uality) and (Social) Justice (co-sponsored with the Section on Sociology of Law),Legally Queer: Sexuality and Citizenship in LGBTQ Asylum Claims,Section,"Using past court decisions, interviews with key figures, and observations in immigration court and a large immigrant rights organization, I argue that American LGBTQ political asylum claims serve as a site for the consolidation and regulation of sexual identities. Because the law requires that petitioners prove their membership in a “particular social group,” asylum seekers must prove their sexual identities, and immigration officials must classify claimants as belonging to a protected group. As asylum law developed after 1990, courts confronted immigrants with unfamiliar sexual identities and adapted new classificatory categories that allowed the state to name such identities. At the same time, however, the flexibility of the law allowed immigrants to stake out new citizenship claims based on their sexualities. Sexual orientation asylum claims thus act as sites of both regulation and liberation for queer immigrants."
721683,"Walter W. Powell, Stanford University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Markets, Movements, Metrics of Evaluation",Between Contestation and Convergence: The Proto-Institutionalization of Nonprofit Performance Metrics,Regular,"How can we examine social processes in a period after the unraveling of an established order and before the dawn of a new one? Although we have a rich understanding of the practices used to contest an established regime as well as deep insight into the mechanisms that structure and reproduce existing ones, we lack both conceptual and research tools to understand transitional periods in between contestation and convergence on a scale larger than a small set of actors. To fill this gap, we describe crucial mechanisms of proto-institutionalization that occur in an interregnum, or transitional period. Such passages are characterized by extensive interactions across multiple communities, which we term an interface. To apply this framework, we propose a novel methodology to capture an analytical snapshot or x-ray of such an interface, which illuminates processes of proto-institutionalization. Using our framework and method, we analyze the hesitant embrace of performance metrics in the social sector, a development that brings together disparate civic, scientific, and managerial communities to an unprecedented extent. The new theorization and methods contribute to a richer processual view of institutionalization."
721687,"Jermaine Hekili Cathcart, University of California-Riverside","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Popular Culture and the Politics of Authenticity,Black Exploitation Television The New Millenium Minstrel Show: The Impact of Corporate Ownership on Black Media,Regular,"In 2001, CEO and owner of Black Entertainment Television (BET) Bob Johnson, sold majority ownership to Viacom with much controversy. Many people in the black community questioned the appropriateness of a network that claimed to represent black life being under the defacto control of a white dominated corporation. This study seeks to assess the impact of the change in ownership upon the way African Americans are represented in BET’s programming. The study begins by placing black popular cultures roots in the minstrel show and shows how that form of media continues to plague American popular culture, and indeed, BET, today. The study then undertakes an interpretive textual analysis to show that BET shows and programming, under the ownership of a white corporation is used as a mechanism of white imperialistic ideological domination."
721693,"Andrey Shevchuk, National Research University; Denis Strebkov, National Research University; Shannon N. Davis, George Mason University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Educational Mismatch in Self-Employment: Gendered Satisfaction in the New Economy,Roundtable,"In this paper, we examine the effect of horizontal educational mismatch on socio-economic outcomes among self-employed workers. Using unique data from 1,602 Russian-language internet freelancers, who are typically both autonomous contractors and teleworkers, we make three key contributions. First, we provide rare evidence on educational mismatch for self-employed workers. Second, we estimate effects of educational mismatch on satisfaction with work-life balance. Third, we evaluate the combined effects of working outside field of study and caregiving for small children. We find highly gendered effects of mismatch. Although both men and women have an earnings penalty for being mismatched, only mismatched women suffer from reduction in both job satisfaction and satisfaction with work-life balance. Women who work outside their field of study while caring for their small children are in the most vulnerable position. They experience negative socio-economic outcomes in all dimensions: reduction in earnings, job satisfaction, satisfaction with work-life balance, and increased intentions to change their employment situation. We argue that these finding are additional evidence of the gendered career strategies and greater family demands for women in the new economy."
721695,"Melinda Laura Varju, University of Wyoming","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",A Legacy of Inequality: Muslims and Contemporary Income Inequality in the United Kingdom,Roundtable,"Muslims are the most disadvantaged minority group in the United Kingdom. One consistent feature of Muslims in the United Kingdom is their dire socioeconomic situation since their initial settlement in the 17th Century. This study examines the economic position of Muslims in the United Kingdom today using the Labor Force Survey. To understand Muslims’ economic incorporation, this study examines Muslims’ contexts of reception into contemporary UK society. Using data from the Labor Force Survey, the results demonstrate that the economic disadvantage which Muslims experienced a generation ago continues to afflict Muslims in the United Kingdom today."
721696,"Christopher J. Schneider, University of British Columbia","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Police Presentational Strategies on Twitter in Canada,Roundtable,"This empirically driven paper explores police presentational strategies on popular micro-blogging social media site Twitter. A total of 105,801 tweets from Canadian Toronto Police Service Twitter accounts were examined using qualitative document analysis. Thematic issues associated with police professionalism and community policing are identified. A finding that runs throughout each thematic includes official police officer use of Twitter while off duty. A basic argument advanced herein is that official off duty use of Twitter delineates the individual officer from the policing institution but does so in an official capacity, a presentational strategy that diminishes the appearance of authoritarian relations traditionally associated with police. Suggestions for future research are noted."
721699,"Robert Fiala, University of New Mexico","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Correspondence, Institutional Logic, and Utopia in Educational Systems: Historical Trends and Current Policy in American Education",Roundtable,"Educational systems reflect the material and symbolic environments in which they exist; they display a taken-for-granted logic that comes to define and legitimate them; and they generate utopian images that provide energy and generate tensions that contribute to organizational and institutional change.  The present paper takes the publication of the 2011 edition of Schooling in Capitalist America (Bowles and Gintis) as an opportunity for an historical examination of the correspondence of capitalist production and schooling in the United States, and its relation to the evolving Institutional logic of American education.  Attention focuses on the character of utopian images embedded in American education, and how tensions between these images and reality are reflected in current educational policy."
721700,"Lutz Kaelber, University of Vermont","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Disability and Society Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Disability, Eugenics, and Sterilizations: Toward a Sociology of Deviant Behavior and Social Control",Roundtable,"Sterilizations were a core aspect of “eugenics,” the attempt of states to impose a form of social control on residents who did not fit the profile of those who should have children. They did not fit the profile due to a disability, that is, an attributed lack of ability to take care of themselves and their actual or potential offspring, and eugenic policies marginalized already marginal sections of the population even more. This paper addresses, first, the early history of eugenics in the context of Social Darwinist thought and the adoption of eugenic policies against the disabled in the form of sterilizations in the United State and Canada. Second, the paper discusses Nazi “racial hygiene” and eugenic sterilization policies in other nations. Finally, the paper discusses the decline of eugenic sterilizations in the second part of the 20th century and returns to current issues."
721702,"Thomas Faist, Bielefeld University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,On the Transnational Social Question: How Social Inequalities are Reproduced in Europe,Roundtable,"What are the consequences of cross-border social protection practices for social inequalities in Europe? The transnational social question is a multifaceted one: it is linked not only to inequalities generated by heterogeneities such as class, gender, ethnicity, legal status, and religion, but also to the perception that cross-border interdependence has grown and that transnational interactions themselves have become a criterion for differentiation. International migration is of strategic significance for an understanding of the transnational social question, because it reveals the cross-connections of the fragmented world of social protection. In particular, it provides a window into the social mechanisms that support social protection across borders and how these mitigate old and generate new social inequalities."
721704,"Preethi Krishnan, Purdue University; Mangala Subramaniam, Purdue University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Violence,Gender-Blind and Pro-Gender Judgments: Domestic Violence Cases and India’s Supreme Court,Regular,"Women’s movements across the world have target the state demanding legal reforms to address the rising violence against women. The law making process – from formulation to interpretation and enforcement - involves multiple institutions of the state. In this paper, we trace the language and interests of the state via domestic violence related laws. Legal texts are embedded with cultural meanings, values, and social practices that breathe life into the law.  The content of the law and the interpretation of those laws within the court rooms are critical in the judicial process. Using archival data on 164 domestic violence cases in India for the period 1995-2011, we examine how the Supreme Court in India interprets domestic violence laws. Case decisions were systematically coded and the themes within two broad categories - and gender-blind judgments and pro-gender judgments – are analyzed. Our analysis has three main implications. First, it brings to forefront the variability in gender perspective in the judiciary, even when it is predominantly male.  Second, it points to the success of the Indian women’s movement in bringing dowry related violence to the forefront as the court is critical of the practice of dowry unambiguously. Third, the absence of a gender perspective in framing the problem of violence may influence the interpretation of the law in the court. Including a gender perspective within the judicial system may need an engagement not just with the law but also with the structure of the legal system."
721707,"Salvatore J. Babones, University of Sydney; Jehane Moussa, Université de Neuchâtel; Christian Suter, University of Neuchatel","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",A Poisson-based Framework for Setting Poverty Thresholds Using Indicator Lists,Roundtable,"Poverty is one of the most important concepts in the social sciences, yet commonly-used thresholds for the operationalization of poverty have little or no conceptual basis.  This is especially true of the ""social exclusion"" poverty concept, where the arbitrary threshold of missing k ≥ 3 items from a list of socially defined necessities is the accepted operationalization.  This paper presents a conceptual framework for meaningfully setting k based on the properties of the Poisson distribution.  If households experienced problems (such as the non-possession of necessities) at random, the incidence of such problems would follow a Poisson distribution.  In fact, problems are not experienced at random and the empirical distribution of problems has a heavy right tail.  We define the poverty threshold k as the number of problems at which this heavy tail begins.  We use data from the 2011 Swiss Household Panel to illustrate this approach for three poverty concepts: conventional social exclusion based on non-affordability of items (""afford-deprivation""), simplified social exclusion based on non-possession of items (""possess-deprivation""), and a novel approach based on Michael Marmot's status syndrome concept (""high life burden"").  Our analyses suggest thresholds of k ≥ 2 for conventional possess-deprivation, k ≥ 5 for afford-deprivation, and k ≥ 6 for high life burden.  In addition to providing a rationale for k, the Poisson-based approach allows for the systematic variation of k in different empirical contexts.  It also supports the estimation of real poverty rates in which the accidentally miscategorized non-poor have been subtracted from the nominal rate."
721709,"Sarah Wilkins-Laflamme, University of Oxford","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Paper Session. Religion in Global Perspective,Greater Differences Between the Religious and the Unaffiliated with Advanced Secularization: Comparison Between Western Regions,Section,"Increases in rates of religious non-affiliation have been a trend found in most contemporary Western countries, although the periods and speeds of these increases have not been uniform. Consequently, some nations are now characterized by larger unaffiliated groups, such as Great Britain, and others by much smaller ones, such as the US. However, there is still debate in the field of sociology of religion surrounding how more personal religious indicators have evolved parallel to this decline of institutional religion. This paper tests opposing hypotheses on the subject, derived from three distinct theoretical frameworks: individualization theory, stages of religious decline theory, and polarization theory. Data from over 180 North American, European and Oceanic country sub-regions included in the 2008 International Social Survey Programme are employed to this effect. Using multi-level modeling techniques, we find that, in areas where the unaffiliated form a larger proportion of the overall population, the differences between the actively religious and the unaffiliated in religious beliefs and personal religiosity are significantly greater. This is due especially to levels of religious beliefs and personal religiosity being lower among the unaffiliated in such areas, supporting the stages of decline framework."
721711,"Apoorva Ghosh, XLRI- Xavier School of Management","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,LGBTQ Organizations as “Respectably Queer” in India: Interrogating a Western Perspective in Queer Theory,Roundtable,"In this paper, we contest Ward (2008) and Williams & Giuffre’s (2011) distinction of LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) organizations as “respectable” and “queer” and find that LGBTQ organizations may deploy homonormative (respectable) strategies to achieve their queer goals and become “respectably queer”-- a term coined by Ward (2008) but not empirically found in her participant organizations in the U.S. . Being “respectable” means getting homonormative by assimilating heterosexual ideals and constructs in the LGBTQ identity politics that are approved by the dominant cultural and political institutions. Whereas, “queer” implies being inclusive of non-homonormative identities that are unexplained by the dominant taxonomies of gender and sexuality and refuse to follow the heterosexual behaviors and patterns. Using Bernstein’s (1997) mixed model of identity deployment, we argue that it is problematic to distinguish LGBTQ organizations as “respectable” and “queer” because when the actions of LGBTQ organizations are more complex to describe, it is not warranted to conflate identity goals with identity strategies— whether educational (normalizing) or critical (differentiating). To examine our concerns, we have used qualitative inquiry to study five LGBTQ organizations in India where the intersections of post-colonial ethnicity, gender, social class and sexuality offer an intriguing context to study queer activism."
721713,"Alessandro Bonanno, Sam Houston State University; Robert J. Antonio, University of Kansas","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Marx’s Theory of Labor and the Labor Market under Neoliberal Globalization,Roundtable,"This paper stresses the centrality of Marx’s theory as an explanatory tool of the labor market and situation of labor under neoliberal globalization. According to dominant views, the free circulation of labor and capital is the most efficient vehicle for socio-economic growth and the creation of employment. Economic data show, conversely, that while profit has significantly increased over the last two decades, growth in employment has not materialized. Increases in productivity have not translated into increases in wages which have also stagnated. Conventional theories cannot explain the discrepancy between stagnating wages and increased labor productivity. Marx’s theory of labor, on the contrary, explains the compression of wages and the exploitation of labor by stressing the importance of the concept of the reserve army of labor. The mobilization of large segments of labor worldwide accompanied by process of production decentralization created conditions whereby distant labor pools have beeb placed in direct competition with each other. Additionally, this situation has neutralized pro-labor strategies traditionally adopted by unions. The result is an over exploitation of labor that fuels significant increases in profit and a distorted redistribution of wealth resulting in enhanced class polarization.  Conventional instruments and theories can neither address nor explain this situation."
721716,"Darya Konysheva, National Research University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Hybrid Research of Work as On/Off-line Interactions: The Case of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Game (MMORPG),Roundtable,"Interacting with smart devices and gadgets results in a hybridization of the ""work"" performed by the social environment member. The ""work"" is mediated by technical devices and practices, still holding to the meanings and values of the on-line environment.  Garfinkel's ethnomethodology was accepted to deal with the «issues of the on/off-line reality of the social order» via «hybrid studies of work». In the empirical research of the MMORPG case provides the evidence of the influence of players’ work both in off and in on-line environments. The social context and the stereotypes influence decision-making in the game as to the relationships between players, which further on can have consequences in everyday life. Many players find the darling and get married, come upon business partners, new friend, etc. The method of deep interview used study hybrid gamers and method of the visual playgrounds’ analysis was used to study hybrid environment. During the preliminary empirical research, concrete examples of various influences within the  on-line and off-line environments were obtained (for example, receiving practical knowledge in psychology, in morals and skills language, physical and intellectual). Gamers recorded other emotional impacts experienced by the on-line environment. Occurring on a daily occurrence, these emotional impacts include the aspects of “alienation”, “the fear of the real world”, and the transfer of negative emotions onto personal experiences in real life. Further development of the research is to be focused on the detailed description of the game situations in the MMORPG and on revealing their hybrid character"
721717,"Angela Bruns, University of Washington","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Stepping Stones and Steady States: Cohabitation and Marriage among Single Mothers,Roundtable,"Patterns of family formation have undergone a number of changes in the past few decades. Decreases in marriage alongside sharp increases in non-marital cohabitation have led researchers to puzzle over the role of cohabitation in the U.S. family system as well as racial and education differences in its role. This study contributes to this line of inquiry by focusing on the union formation process of single mothers – women who have been central in discussions about declining marriage rates and efforts to promote marriage. Drawing on data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth, this study employs event history analysis to examine the relationship trajectories of single mothers from different racial and educational groups. The study further considers how race and education interact to produce variation in single motherhood durations. Results show that a majority of single mothers who form unions form cohabiting unions, but transitions to cohabitation, like marriage, are less common for black women than for white women. When black single mothers do cohabit, their chances of marriage are relatively low. Consistent with previous research, these findings suggest that cohabitation is less a stepping-stone toward marriage for black single mothers than it is for whites. However, cohabitation is not a clear alternative to marriage for black single mothers either; it is more difficult for blacks to attain, and the chances of returning to single motherhood are high."
721719,"William Magee, University of Toronto","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Social Psychology Roundtable Session (co-sponsored with Section on Sociology of Emotions),Supervisory Level and Anger About Work,Roundtable,"Research on middle-level supervisors suggests that they are frequently exposed to events that elicit anger about work. Theories of occupational position and anger similarly suggest that middle-level supervisors may report more anger about work than either top-level supervisors or non-supervisory workers. Yet only the linear association between measures of occupational rank and anger about work has been estimated in previous research. Data from a sample of employed Toronto residents are used to evaluate the hypotheses that middle-level supervisors will report more frequent anger about work than all other workers. Hypotheses about mediating effect of job control, conflicting work demands, and perceived job stress are also evaluated. As expected, middle-level supervisors report more frequent anger about work than workers in other positions. The association between supervisory level and anger about work increases when job control is included as a covariate, but is reduced to nil when competing demands and job stress are respectively included as covariates. When all three mediators are controlled, the estimated frequency of anger about work is significantly higher among middle-level supervisors than other workers. Factors that are independent of job control, conflicting demands, and stress, but that nevertheless elicit anger among middle-level supervisors, must explain the final results. The frustration of goals that are loosely held, and the routinization of disappointment, are discussed as potentially explaining the final results."
721724,"Mark D. Jacobs, George Mason University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,The Scandal as the Play of Symbolic Boundaries,Roundtable,"THE SCANDAL AS THE PLAY OF SYMBOLIC BOUNDARIES Mark D. Jacobs George Mason University January 2014  	I propose to explore the scandal as an elemental cultural form that indicates (and indeed helps govern) both the ballast and the flux of symbolic boundaries.  Scandals, I would argue, are constitutive of modern politics, finance, economics, and civic life.  They demonstrate the primal dialectic of concealment and disclosure analyzed by a tradition of sociological thought extending from Simmel to Goffman to Jack Katz and Josh Gamson.  The particular agonistic dramas that they enact are symbolic of displaced structural strains.  Their outcomes are variable:  more or less consequential, representing varying dimensions of change, sometimes beneficial to the civil sphere and sometimes harmful.  They illustrate the different systems levels on which symbolic boundaries operate:  phenomenological, dramatistic, and structural.  My presentation will be more heuristic than didactic, as befits a round-table discussion, and will (within the limits of time) make reference to a range of specific scandals—political, financial, and sexual—to probe the systemic interrelations of different types of scandal."
721728,"Ali Kadivar, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Neal Caren, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Disruptive Democratization: Contentious Events and Liberalizing Outcomes Globally, 1990-2004",Roundtable,"Does contentious collective action matter? Whereas most social movement literature has addressed this question in the U.S. context for policy change outcomes, this paper takes a different approach by bringing the question to a global context and examines democratization as a structural outcome. Accordingly, we test several hypotheses about the ephemeral, positive, and negative influences of contentious collective action on the democratization process in a given country, as well as the cross-border effect of the contention. To go beyond the limitations of previous studies, this paper uses a monthly time-series, cross-national model to examine potential liberalizing or deliberalizing effects of protest activities. Using data from 101 non-democratic countries from 1990-2004, we find that protests and riots increase the probability that a country will liberalize in a given month. We find that while contentious events in other countries do not directly increase the risk of liberalization, external contentious events, especially those that lead to political liberalization, increase the count of contentious events, thus indirectly boosting liberalization. We find no evidence that protest significantly increases the chances of deliberalization. Together, our findings show a key role for non-elite political actors to influence political liberalization."
721729,"Man Kit Lei, University of Georgia; Ronald L. Simons, University of Georgia","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Health and Well-being: Place, Race and Socioeconomic Status","Neighborhood Disorder, Physiological Distress, and Health: The Stress Process Model",Regular,"Despite the pivotal role that exposure to disorderly neighborhoods plays in health inequalities, very little is known about the stress-process mechanism by which neighborhood context impacts health outcomes. Using a sample of 342 African American women from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS) with biomarkers from their blood samples, this study is designed to examine the relationships among neighborhood disorder, physiological distress response, and physical health, along with potential buffers of the associations. The results show that women who live in disorderly neighborhoods were more likely to report poor health status and to have elevated inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the relationship between neighborhood disorder and self-reported health status was mediated by the inflammatory burden as a signal of physiological distress. Finally, effects of neighborhood disorder on the inflammatory responses and health were not uniform but were most pronounced among unmarried women carrying the minor allele of the IL-6r gene. These findings provide a first step toward a more precise and comprehensive understanding of how neighborhood disorder influence physical health through the stress-process mechanism."
721730,"James J. Davis, The Ohio State University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Indigenous Peoples 1,Enduring Inequality: American Indian Underemployment Across Geographic Contexts,Regular,"American Indians have been shown to be at the bottom of the stratification hierarchy across a host of socioeconomic indicators. However, no research has explored their labor market situation. I fill this gap by studying American Indian underemployment across geographic contexts using two tiered data that embeds individuals from the 2011 American Community Survey five-year PUMS data file in local labor markets. Analyses reveal: 1.) that American Indians have a higher prevalence and likelihood of underemployment than whites across geographic contexts; 2.) that nonmetro Natives, regardless of their proximity to tribal homeland areas, have the highest likelihoods of underemployment, relative to whites; 3.) that American Indians living in nonmetro settings away from native homeland areas were the most disadvantaged relatives to whites; and 4.) that local labor market conditions, like the proportion employed and the industrial and sectoral concentration, are key to explaining underemployment."
721731,"Jennifer Tabler, University of Utah; Rebecca L. Utz, University of Utah","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,Eating Disorders and Socioeconomic Independence: A Life Course Analysis,Roundtable,"Much research documents the etiology and health consequences of eating disorders (ED), but very little is known about the longer term effects ED on non-health domains. Using AddHealth data, this study explores gender differences in the influence of ED on socioeconomic independence in early adulthood and attempts to account for underreporting by identifying not only individuals who have been diagnosed with ED, but exhibit at-risk behaviors. Results indicate that, for females, ED or at-risk behaviors had a statistically significant negative effect on educational attainment (coefficient=-0.3, p<0.05), odds of owning a home (odds ratio=0.692, p<0.05).  For males, EDs and at-risk behaviors were associated with higher levels of educational attainment (coefficient=0.473, p<0.05). These findings suggest that EDs have a lasting negative influence on female’s achievement of socioeconomic independence during early adulthood, while males may not be subjected to such long lasting effects of ED."
721732,"Alem Kebede, California State University-Bakersfield","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Signification and Thingification as Critical Dimensions of Symbolic Praxis,Roundtable,"Social researches and their accompanying theoretical frameworks on symbolic praxes are, for the right reason, based on the notion that social objects are not ex ante constituted entities transcending space and time.  Thanks to this important social constructionist premise, our understanding of the dynamics involved in the social universe has expanded phenomenally.  Yet, because the tenet is not interpreted broadly enough, the problem of what happens to social objects once they are part of the social universe has been defocussed.  To address this lacuna, the concepts of “thingification” and “signification,” with modified definitions, are reintroduced.  Whereas thingification refers to a mode of symbolic violence wherein social objects are reduced to a level of a “thing” with a diminished symbolic value; signification is understood to mean a mode of symbolic recognition through which social objects are either defended or uplifted.   During these processes of construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction, actors do not act haphazardly.  They use either pre-existing or creatively constructed markers—verbal, objectified, and action—that serve as concentrated instruments of dealing with social issues during symbolic engagements.  Nor are acts of thingification and signification undifferentiated wholes.  On the basis of their intensity and the level at which they are carried out, typologies of thingification and signification can be constructed.  The partial framework introduced in this paper expands our understanding of social construction, adds new light to examined symbolic praxes where attention has not been directed at acts of demotion and consecration, and opens new venues of research on symbolic engagements."
721734,"Teresa Irene Gonzales, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Community and Urban Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Civic Engagement within Disenfranchised Communities: A Case Study of Two Chicago Neighborhoods,Roundtable,"In what ways do community-based organizations respond to oftentimes-conflicting external pressures from funders, while also working towards the improvement of poor neighborhoods?  Do ties between external funders and community-based organizations lead to the organizational co-optation of local community-based groups within poor urban areas? The literature on community development contends that the involvement of economically and politically powerful funders with community organizations can lead to organizational co-optation, decreased gains for local low-income residents, and a loss of critical civic space and civic engagement within poor communities.  This literature tends to overlook both the presence of multiple community organizations within low-income areas and the complex relationships that community groups navigate in order to manage mounting social issues.  Using a case study of two low-income neighborhoods in Chicago – Greater Englewood, a predominantly African-American neighborhood, and Little Village, a largely Mexican-immigrant community – I argue that the emergence of professional community-based organizations (CBOs) alongside broader citywide development initiatives, namely the Local Initiative Support Corporation’s New Communities Program, opened up organizational space within disenfranchised communities to allow for increased civic engagement.  Contrary to scholars’ claims, I show that professional CBOs’ involvement with economically and politically powerful funders opened a path for grassroots organizations to become more adversarial, more likely to engage in legal battles, and more open to networking with external organizations (universities, environmental organizations, community organizations across the city, and national organizations).  These activities led to gains for low-income residents and improved civic activity among both grassroots community organizations and residents."
721735,"Kylan Mattias de Vries, Southern Oregon University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Changing Race, Changing Gender: Mixed-Race Positionality",Roundtable,"How much do others’ perceptions of our race matter? Based on ethnographic research, some mixed race transgender individuals shared experiences of changing race as they physically transitioned gender. The markers others drew upon to ascribe a racial, gendered, sexual, national, and classed identity to them had a profound effect on their sense of self and their experiences of inequality. What, then, can this tell us about the concept of race and racial identity?"
721736,"Meghan L Rogers, Indiana University; William Alex Pridemore, Georgia State University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Comparative Criminology,"No Association between Percent Young and Cross-national Homicide Rates, and its Inclusion Damages Model Fit",Regular,"Is there an association between the proportion of the population that is young and national homicide rates, and when testing other theories cross-nationally is it necessary to control for this measure? While the question seems simple, and multiple theories suggest an association, the answer remains inconclusive. With over half of the published articles exploring cross-national homicide including some measure of relative size of the youthful population, the answer should be contained in the literature. Unfortunately, it is not. To explore this association we carried out an extensive review of the empirical literature and then tested two hypotheses: (1) Percent young is not significantly associated with homicide victimization rates across nations and (2) percent young does not account for a significant proportion of the overall variance in homicide victimization rates across nations. Employing data for the years 1999-2004 from a sample of 55 nations, we undertook multiple statistical analyses, including ordinary least squares regressions, Wald Tests, likelihood ratio tests, sequential ANOVAs, R2s, adjusted R2s, mean square errors, F ratios, and Mallows’s Cps. These analyses overwhelmingly indicated no significant association between percent young and homicide victimization rates across nations. In addition, the percent young did not aid in accounting for variation in homicide victimization across nations, meaning its inclusion in models of cross-national homicide rates likely has negative ramifications for model fit. We situate the findings within the larger literature and provide a discussion of the implications for future cross-national homicide research."
721738,"Tanya Stivers, University of California-Los Angeles; Jack Sidnell, University of Toronto; Clara Ann Blomgren Bergen, University of California-Los Angeles","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. The Interactional Production of Identity and Authority,Children's Responses to Questions in Peer Interaction:  Evidence for an Emerging Accountability,Regular,"Children are unique social actors, but what about their interaction is ""child-like""? This article relies on a multi-method approach to child-child interaction to address this question. We examined 2,000 questions and their responses in spontaneous conversation among child triads between 4-8 years of age to see the extent to which children adhered to norms governing question-response sequences. School-age children show a basic grasp of key norms but do not exhibit the reflexive awareness of norms that would allow them to utilize norms as communicative resources for managing relationships with interlocutors. In particular children's lack of fit between turn design and timing underpins the ""child-like"" features of their interaction."
721739,"Stephanie L. Bradley, Florida State University; Daniel Tope, Florida State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Political Determinants of State-Level Earned Income Tax Credit Legislation,Roundtable,"This paper assesses the relationship between principal welfare state theories – with particular emphasis on the power resources (PRT) approach – and the presence and generosity of state-level Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) programs. While much research examines the way federal tax policies redistribute resources, less research explores the antecedents of such programs and how they impact citizens across states. State legislators have substantial discretion to shape EITCs. Approximately half of all states have chosen to augment the federal EITC program by providing additional targeted tax breaks to working citizens and their families. Using data that span 1980-2007, we empirically assess the political determinants of state-level EITC programs and their generosity. Somewhat surprisingly, this research reveals that state legislatures dominated by Republicans have been tied to an increased presence of a state-augmented EITC program. Yet, consistent with PRT, key findings reveal that, net of other factors, Republican dominance in state legislatures is also associated with less generous EITC programs."
721740,"David M. Melamed, University of South Carolina","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Quantitative Methodology,Communities of Classes: A Network Approach to Social Mobility,Regular,"Based on recent insights in network analysis, a new approach to the analysis and interpretation of social mobility data is presented. The paper begins with a description of an approach to community detection in social networks. This approach, when applied to mobility data, offers novel interpretations of mobility patterns and may be used to substantially improve the fit of models of social mobility. To illustrate, the community structure of social mobility is analyzed using data from the General Social Survey. Several models are employed to demonstrate both the interpretation of the community structure of social mobility as well as how the community structure may be implemented to improve model fit."
721741,"Marianne S. Noh, Western University; Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Western University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Immigrant Acculturation, Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Problems among Canadian Women",Roundtable,"Objectives: Report 5 year prevalence of IPV and other types of partner violence. Test whether the mental health of highly acculturated immigrant women would be more negatively impacted by IPV than lower acculturation immigrant and Canadian-born women, indicating support for the Healthy Immigrant Effect. Methods: Using 2009 General Social Survey-Victimization data of Canadian women, crude estimates and adjusted logistic regressions were used to 1) estimate the prevalence of types of partner violence, and 2) examine associations of IPV to mental health problems across levels of acculturation. Results: For all women, 7.8% had recently experienced IPV. Lower acculturation immigrant women (4.0%) were significantly less likely than higher acculturation immigrant (10.7%) and Canadian-born women (8.5%) to experience IPV. IPV-associated mental health problems were significant for women of each acculturation level, but the association was significantly stronger for higher acculturation immigrant women. Conclusions: Types of partner violence need to be examined to understand the prevalence, relationships, and consequences of IPV. Higher acculturation immigrant women were at greater risk of mental health problems associated to IPV than lower immigrant and Canadian born women."
721743,"Rebeca Jasso-Aguilar, University of New Mexico","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Political Sociology,Neoliberalism and Resistance: Gramsci Revisited,Regular,"The dominance of neoliberalism in the past three decades suggests the capacity of capitalism to adapt and restructure itself in periods of crisis and to curb progressive movements that threaten its hegemony. Yet social movements that challenge neoliberalism continue to emerge, sending hopeful signs of its potential demise by ushering in progressive governments that often appear to fall short of expectations. Taking as a starting point the growing body of research that utilizes Gramscian theory to categorize neoliberalism as a passive revolution, I examine the concept of anti-passive revolution and I utilize empirical data to propose a theory of resistance against neoliberalism. The empirical data come from two movements against neoliberalism: the coalition that challenged the privatization of water in Cochabamba, Bolivia in 2000; and, the movement that challenged the results of the Mexican presidential election in 2006. By examining the trajectories of these movements over a timespan of several years, I identify the empirical conditions for a theory of anti-passive revolution, and the potential of such processes to challenge the hegemony of the passive revolution represented by neoliberalism."
721744,"Juan Manuel Pedroza, Stanford University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Exposure and Expulsion: Modeling Local Determinants of Deportation in the United States,Roundtable,"Immigration context plays a prominent role in immigrant integration theories. Immigrant dispersal and a rise in immigration initiatives provide an analytical opportunity to test differences in local context. This paper advances work regarding where immigration provokes hostility by addressing the following: how do local factors account for variation in deportation outcomes in new and emerging immigrant destinations versus established destinations? A federal deportation program (“Secure communities”) operates in local jails across the nation. This paper links deportation data to indicators of immigration context and law enforcement. This paper predicts: (a) deportation rates adjusted for the size of local non-citizen populations; and (b) deportation relief (i.e., discretion following booking of removable non-citizens but before final removal). This paper also separately analyzes new, emerging, and established immigrant destinations. Specific factors expose non-citizen populations to deportation in particular types of places. Segregation (between Hispanic immigrants and U.S.-born whites) and immigrant influxes positively predict deportation rates, but only where in new and emerging immigrant destinations. Notably, established destinations (generally more ethnoracially diverse than other places) appear to help non-citizen populations stay under the radar. In these places, immigrant influxes dampen deportation rates and segregation boosts relief. The results suggest a conditional relationship between demographic sources of group threat and deportation. Moreover, Republican support and restrictive immigration measures boost deportation rates at two ends of the spectrum: new destinations and established immigrant gateways. Surprisingly, although local restrictive measures have their intended effect, corresponding efforts make little (e.g., anti-trafficking taskforces) or no (e.g., sanctuary designation) difference."
721745,"Laurie Elizabeth Hawkins, University of Colorado-Boulder","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Cultural Health Capital and the Contraceptive Medical Encounter,Roundtable,"Contraceptive medical encounters among low-income women present an ideal context for examining the influence of Cultural Health Capital (CHC; Shim, 2010) in medical interactions as part of the perpetuation of health disparities in the United States. Low-income women face significant problems in obtaining contraceptive care because they have less CHC and are therefore less likely to express their lifestyle constraints to their doctors.  I present data from interviews with 40 low-income women in Colorado to demonstrate a cycle of stereotyping and assumptions by medical professionals and paternalistic decision-making and impaired trust relationships between doctor and low-income female patients. These issues are both exacerbated by low-income women’s lack of CHC and indicative of the importance of CHC in medical encounters.  More attention must be paid to lack of CHC in contraceptive medical encounters to effectively reduce unplanned pregnancy in the United States."
721747,"Zhonglu li, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Economic Growth, Social Welfare and Poor People’s Satisfaction with Local Government",Roundtable,"Citizens’ satisfaction with government is of great importance to political legitimacy and social stability, especially in China that has been undergoing large-scale socio-economic transformation .Using data from the baseline survey of Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS2010), this paper tries to examine effects of the poverty alleviation program (The Minimum Living Support Scheme, MLSS) and county-level economic growth on people’s satisfaction with county-level government.  Empirical results show that: first, poor households who received subside from the Minimum Living Support Scheme are more satisfied with local government; second, although the economic growth could bring higher political support in general, it has smaller effect on the poor people’s political satisfaction. The findings indicate that to maintain political support from vulnerable social groups, the Chinese government should make more policy efforts to benefit them."
721748,"Shuo Zhang, Cornell University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Human Capital, Network Embeddedness and Firm Performance in Transition Economy: The Case of Chinese Market",Roundtable,"China has undergone economic reform for over 30 years since 1978. Changes have occurred and are still occurring at every level of economic activities. One significant change that is happening during the transition of this former socialist planned economy to market-oriented economy is that human capital is gaining significance overtime. However, how economic players benefit from human capital will not be fully understood without taking into consideration the interfirm network in which the players are embedded. In this article, empirical data on publicly listed firms on China’s two stock exchange markets in 2009 is used to show the reflection of increasing importance of human capital on China’s listed firms’ corporate governance practices. More importantly, it shows that effect of human capital on firm performance is contingent upon type of network and network embeddedness. My finding suggests that having people high in human capital, defined as people holding professional titles, doesn’t show direct association with firm performance. Firms benefit from having professionals as board members and managers only if their embeddedness in the interfirm network is high."
721749,"Zhonglu li, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Can a College Degree Ensure Equal Opportunities? Family Origin and College Graduates’ Outcomes,Roundtable,"In this study, we attempt to simultaneously estimate family origin’s effects on college graduates’ outcomes both in the job market and along educational tracks by exploring a rich data set of college students from Beijing universities (College Education Panel Study, CEPS). Our empirical analysis shows that family origin has a significantly positive influence on graduates’ attainment of further education and income. College graduates from disadvantaged families are less likely to participate in postgraduate education and earn less than those from advantaged families, suggesting that a college degree does not ensure equal opportunities, in the job market or when following an educational track. Regarding educational tracks, we find that graduates with college educated and cadre parents are more likely to attend postgraduate study. However, parental income and education play roles in different stages, with the former (financial resources) significantly affecting graduates ’decisions to apply for postgraduate study. Parental college education (institutionalized cultural capital) increases the likelihood of success conditional on application. In the labor market, there is no significant association between parental resources and college graduates’ earnings if we only analyze the selected sample in the job market. However, the wage association related to parental resources becomes positively significant when controlling for the selection in the job market. This finding suggests that the seemingly meritocracy-based job market for undergraduates is caused by the fact that graduates from advantaged families delay their entry into the competition for jobs by further investing in their educational credentials."
721750,"Renee Reichl Luthra, University of Essex; Lucinda Platt, London School of Economics and Political Science; Justyna Salamonska, University of Chieti-Pescara","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Migration Motivations and Early Integration: The Case of Poles in Germany, the Netherlands, London and Dublin",Roundtable,"The expansion of the European Union eastwards in 2004, with an ensuing increase in East-West migration from the accession countries, has been represented as a new migration system. Its specific features are rights of movement and low mobility (and information) costs accompanying persistent East-West wage differentials. In principle it provides an ideal context in which to develop understandings of the ‘new mobilities’ and the challenges to more unidimensional and unidirectional, economic models of migration and settlement. In this paper we utilise a unique, four-country data source covering over 3,500 migrants to enable the quantitative characterization of the new migration, focusing on Poles migrating to Germany, the Netherlands, Dublin and London in 2009-2010. We exploit information on pre-migration experience as well as expressed migration motivations and post-migration subjective and objective measures of relationship to the receiving country. We conduct a three-stage analysis that first employs latent class analysis to allocate the migrants to six migrant types. Second, we link these migrant types to pre-migration characteristics and estimate multinomial logit models for class membership. Third, controlling for these pre-migration characteristics we are able to explore how the migrant types are associated with subjective and objective measures of wellbeing and receiving society integration."
721755,"Andrey Bykov, National Research University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Factors of Altruism: A Study in Cognitive Sociology of Morality,Roundtable,"Although the very term altruism was coined by sociology’s ‘godfather’ O. Comte, and it was actively used in a number of classical sociological conceptions (Durkheim, Spencer, Simmel), the problem of studying morality and altruism is, to large extent, very far from today’s sociological agenda. However, altruism and altruistic behavior has been receiving much attention from other social and behavior sciences, including biology, economics, cultural anthropology, and psychology. Based on theoretical conceptions of these disciplines, we designed an experimental study of factors which influence people’s opinion on to what extent is it mandatory to act altruistically in the given conditions. The results show the importance of kinship and reciprocity, as well as donation size, for assessments of necessity of performing an altruistic act. We argue that such an approach if fruitful for further research in cognitive sociology of morality."
721756,"Amrita Pande, University of Cape Town","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Other People's Bodies and Services: Commodified and Shared Procreation,The Kin Labor in Kinship Travel: Intended Mothers and Surrogates in India,Regular,"Kinship travel, involved in practices like transnational contractual surrogacy, remains a fraught topic. It conjures up images of extremes of consumerism and commodification of relationships conventionally based on maternal love and altruism.   When intended parents travel from countries in the global north to access services in the global south, there is an additional anxiety that such travel reifies global inequalities. How do the actors involved in transnational contractual surrogacy, the buyers and sellers of these services, negotiate these anxieties? In this ethnography of transnational contractual surrogacy in a small clinic in India, I analyze what I call the “kin labor” done by the Indian surrogates and the (often transnational) intended mother to downplay these anxieties. Kin labor includes not just the labor of forging ties with the baby, but also other kinds of work (forming ties of sisterhood, sending gifts, writing letters, keeping in touch after termination of the contract) undertaken by surrogates and the intended mothers. At one level, such kin labor sustain relationships beyond contracts and across borders of race, class and nationality. As powerfully, the ties forged by the surrogates with the baby challenge the notion of kinship ties as “natural” and passed on by male blood. At another level, there is inherent poignancy in this form of labor as it ultimately reifies structural inequalities based on race, class and gender."
721757,"Christoph Spörlein, University of Cologne; Ricardo Martinez-Schuldt, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Ted Mouw, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Spatial Diffusion and Marital Assimilation of Mexicans in the United States, 1980-2011",Roundtable,"Combining Decennial Census (1980-2000) and American Community Survey  (2008-2011) data, this article documents Mexican generational and ethnic intermarriage patterns across 543 c-PUMAs and evaluates the impact of changes in structural conditions on changes in marital behavior. Descriptive findings point to a generational differentiation with 2nd+ generation Mexicans firmly on the path towards marital assimilation while 1st generation intermarriage rates declined. Moreover, we find strong variation in intermarriage across settlement areas with intermarriage rates generally being higher in new settlement areas. Multivariate analyses suggest that increases in the availability of co-ethnics and Spanish language retention over time deter intermarriage in traditional settlement areas. In re-emerging destination only increases in cultural retention seemed to matter. Finally, we test two competing hypotheses posited by the immigrant replenishment literature. Our results indicate that the impact of immigrant replenishment is moderate by cultural retention and by the degree of negative feelings towards Hispanics experienced in the local context."
721758,"Guobin Yang, University of Pennsylvania","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Culture,Enacting the Scripts of Utopia: Collective Violence and the Sacred in the Chinese Cultural Revolution,Regular,"The symbols and lexicon of utopia may become powerful scripts for human action when they are turned into sacred codes in the popular and political cultures of a society. This is as true of the romantic utopia of love as it is of the political utopia of revolution. This paper examines the dynamics whereby such cultural scripts shape human behavior. Through a case study of Red Guard factional violence in the Chinese Cultural Revolution, I show that the symbols and lexicon of a revolutionary utopia served as powerful scripts for enacting collective violence. These scripts did not automatically result in collective violence, however. Collective violence happened only when social and political conditions were in place that called on people to enact the scripts and when such enactment promised to the actors the possibility of attaining sainthood or martyrdom through violence.  The implications of this argument for understanding collective violence in the contemporary world are discussed."
721759,"David Michael McCourt, University of Sheffield","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Political Economy of the World-System Roundtable Session (one-hour).,International Relations and the Post-War World: Notes Toward a Reflexive History of the European Project,Roundtable,"Questioning the adequacy of current accounts of the EU’s emergence in the post-war period, this paper proposes a new approach to the study of the pre-history of the European project. It suggests that the origins of the Schuman Plan could be usefully highlighted if set against the background of the emergence and stabilization of two “fields,” to use Bourdieu’s terminology: namely the European security field, and the field of national security in the United States. Focusing particularly on the latter field, this paper shows that although the US did not determine the shape of the Schuman Plan, it is inconceivable that the Economic Coal and Steel Community would have come about had it not been for the dense links between its French architects and planners, policy-makers, politicians, commentators and academics in the United States. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential importance of these thoughts for post-war international history, and for theorizing international politics, as this project proceeds."
721766,"Shirin Shahrokni, University of Cambridge","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Race, Class, and Gender 2",The Minority Culture of Mobility of Upwardly Mobile Descendants of North African Immigrants in France,Regular,"Drawing on life history interviews with descendants of North African, low-income immigrants enrolled in France’s prestigious 'grandes écoles', this paper examines the dimensions of mobility our respondents reconstruct as ‘the shock of the elite’. It reveals that aside from class-related challenges, most of them shed light on the operation of salient, albeit largely unspoken, exclusionary processes along ethno-racial lines accompanying their educational ascent. The paper next suggests that in contrast to what the color-blind, Republican model of integration would posit, a ‘minority culture of mobility’ is deployed by the respondents to respond to the challenges that being a minority within a white mainstream and an upwardly mobile within a low-income home environment brings about. We delineate the principal manifestations of this culture of mobility in our respondents’ day-to-day lives.   The findings in this article therefore point to the need to pay attention to ethnic and 'racial' differences when considering the experience of educational and class mobility in France, despite the official discourse, largely coloring French sociological thought,  claiming that ‘there are no minorities here’. Finally, some suggestions for further research are provided."
721767,"Ming-sho Ho, National Taiwan University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Political Structure and Movement Strategy: Strategic Bipartisanship in Taiwan’s Environmental Movement,Roundtable,"This article represents an intervention into the ongoing debate on the concept of “political opportunity structure (POS)” Recently, POS proponents argue for the specification of its causal mechanism, while their critics seek to replace it with a strategy model. I try to reconcile these two insights by looking at how movement activists transform an adverse situation in pursuit of their agenda. Taiwan’s environmentalism demonstrates that activists can simultaneously approach rival political elites to secure their support. Such strategic bipartisanship was made possible because the dissolution of the previously tight movement-party nexus allowed more political room for activists who were leveraging party competition to their own advantage."
721776,"Landon Schnabel, Indiana University-Bloomington","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Gender, Work, and Religiosity: Considering Earned Income and Identity Processes",Roundtable,"Why do women seem to be more religious than men? While numerous studies have explored this question, consensus has proven elusive. This study examines whether identity control theory can help explain gender differences in religiosity, using American General Social Survey data. Identity control theory asserts that validated identities are more salient and likely to persist. Identity control theory suggests three hypotheses, which differ for women and men, linking religious identity validation and earned income. Confirming these hypotheses, predicted probabilities show that (1) high-earning women are less, and high-earning men more, religious than low-earning women and men on measures of involvement in and commitment to religious community; (2) high earners of both genders, but women more so than men, are less religious than low earners on measures of individual spirituality; (3) high-earning women are not more religious than high-earning men on any measures. This study lends initial support to identity control theory’s potential for explaining gender differences in religiosity."
721779,"Ken-Hou Lin, University of Texas-Austin","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Inequality, Poverty, and Mobility",The Financial Premium in the U.S. Labor Market: A Distributional Analysis,Section,"This article revisits the evolution of the financial premium between 1970 and 2011 using a distributional approach. I show that above-market compensation was present in the finance sector in the 1970s, but was concentrated mostly at the bottom of the earnings distribution. The financial premium observed since the 1980s, however, is largely driven by excessive compensation at the top, a development that increasingly contributes to the national concentration of earnings. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the financial premium for top earners remained robust in the 2000s, when deregulation slowed down, and in the aftermath of the recent financial meltdown. These findings are inconsistent with the account that the earnings differential is driven by unobserved skill difference."
721790,"Robert Colbert Rhodes, University of Texas-Permian Basin","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity: The Potential of Integralism",Roundtable,"The author of this paper shows how Sorokin's Integralism through the advancement of creative altruism, high levels of morality and social solidarity will produce a good society  that will lead to a peaceful world.  To achieve his goal of a good society Sorokin proposed to modify the strict separation between science and spirit by combining knowledge from the senses, reason and the spirit.  Sorokin saw the central needs of society and the individual as primarily spiritual and reached by developing the soul of the individual and the formulation of moral precepts to govern society.  The objectives of this paper are first, to provide a broad outline of Sorokin's Integralism, the assumptions underlying his theory and how he wanted his perspective to transform society.  Second to show how Integralism can become a signficant theoretical perspective  that would be valuable in the transformation of sociology as well as the other social sciences."
721791,"Natalya Vinokurova, The Wharton School","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Herds, Runs, Bubbles: Social Influences in Financial Markets",Failing the Test of Time: The 2008 Mortgage Crisis as a Case of Analogical Lock-In,Regular,"This paper examines the long-term consequences of using analogies to existing phenomena, e.g. ‘mortgage-backed securities are like bonds’, to help facilitate the diffusion of innovations. Using a historical case study, this paper examines how an analogy affects the innovation’s trajectory after the innovation has been adopted. I introduce the notion of analogical lock-in to explain decision-makers’ inability to update their beliefs about the validity of the accepted analogy when faced with evidence that the analogy is no longer valid. The paper presents qualitative evidence that analogical lock-in can occur even if the decision-makers evaluate the analogy in keeping with the best-case-scenario criteria set out by analogical reasoning scholars. Drawing on a combination of interview, archival, and industry trade manual data, I document the role played by the ‘mortgage-backed securities as bonds’ analogy in the diffusion and evolution of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) from 1968 to 2008. Specifically, I find that analogical lock-in can lead to negative consequences unanticipated by the decision makers.  My research also highlights the interaction between persistence of the analogy and the technical tools used to bridge the gap between the innovation and the existing phenomenon the analogy compares the innovation to. This finding suggests that technological and analogical lock-ins are mutually reinforcing."
721795,"T. Elizabeth Durden, Bucknell University; David Joseph Piacenti, Metropolitan State University-Denver","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Documenting the Destinations, Characteristics and Remittance Behavior of International Migrants from Yucatán, Mexico: What is Known?",Roundtable,"As part of the changing geography of Mexican migration, the state of Yucatán is becoming one of the new sending areas of international migrants to the United States yet the attention it has received has been scant. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we detail the geographic flows of migration from Yucatán to the United States and detail the general socioeconomic characteristics of Yucatecan migrants. More broadly, we offer the Initial Family Investment Theory, a theoretical framework to better understand these new migrants’ remittance behavior."
721797,"Alison Gerber, Yale University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Culture,Making Cents and Nonsense of Art,Regular,"This paper investigates artists’ valuation of their own practices by looking at artists’ investments and expectations around returns on investment. Using data from 80 in-depth interviews and ethnographic observation in four regionally defined art communities, the author explores patterns in artists’ accounts of expected ‘returns’ on investments of money, time, space, energy, and other finite goods. While all artists make investments in their artistic practice, it is in expected returns that we find real variation. Two analytical frameworks – speculation, best represented by sales, and credentialing, best understood through teaching and commercial work – allow artists to account for investments in artistic practice in economically calculative terms, while a third framework – commitment, with both vocationalist and communitarian forms – allows artists to account for investments evaluatively. Interactions between the frameworks influence valuation, and such interactions are shown to allow multiple routes to the commensuration of the value of artistic practice with market value, but to commensurations with meaningful differences."
721798,"Kimberly Turner, Cornell University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Racial-Ethnic Differences in Nonmarital Fatherhood in Early Adulthood,Roundtable,"Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, this paper evaluates nonmarital fatherhood among 2,907 men – 1,597 White, 740 Black, and 570 Hispanic – ages 16 to 25. Young Black and Latino men are more likely to experience nonmarital fatherhood and disparities cannot be reduced to economic explanations. The results also highlight the differential influence of school enrollment and cohabitation on White, Black, and Latino men’s risk of fatherhood outside of marriage. Decomposition analyses partition racial-ethnic disparities in nonmarital fatherhood into parts explained by observed racial-ethnic inequalities in social, economic, and demographic characteristics. Results indicate that compositional factors moderately contribute to the racial-ethnic variation in nonmarital fatherhood, and the differences are due more to sex behaviors and family background than young men’s economic capacities. Characterized by disadvantage, early nonmarital fatherhood not only adversely influences the well-being of men and their children but exacerbates racial-ethnic inequalities."
721799,"Ben Barrett, Bucknell University; T. Elizabeth Durden, Bucknell University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,United States Assimilation and the Remittance and Savings Patterns of Mexican Migrants,Roundtable,"This study utilizes data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) to explore the remittance and savings tendencies of Mexican male household head migrants in the United States.  Logistic regressions with a progressive adjustment approach are used to generate odds ratios for a migrant’s propensity to remit and/or save money based upon bank account possession during the last U.S. migration. Having a bank account is used as a proxy for assimilation into United States life because numerous studies have shown that settlement into the U.S. is often coupled with acquiring an account. Demographic, socioeconomic, household composition, and community characteristics are also added in over the models. The study revealed that having a bank account in the United States increases a migrant’s odds of saving and decreases the odds of remitting money home. Additionally, more children in the household and being undocumented from a rural community increases a migrants odds of remitting, while for migrants who saved, more children and being undocumented yielded the opposite relationship."
721800,"Philip J. O'Connell, University College-Dublin; Gillian Kingston, Economic and Social Research Institute; Frances McGinnity, Economic and Social Research Institute","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Paper Session. Immigrant Integration and Inequality around the World,"Discrimination in the Irish Labour Market: Nationality, Ethnicity and the Recession",Section,"Previous research shows that immigrants, in common with other groups that suffer disadvantage in the labour market, are more vulnerable during recession (Hoynes et al., 2012; McGinnity et al., 2013; Sierminska and Takhtamanova, 2010). However, little research has focused on the impact of the Great Recession on work-related discrimination. We examine the extent to which discrimination varies across different national-ethnic groups, and whether discrimination increased between 2004, during an economic boom, and 2010, in the midst of a severe recession. Our analysis draws on two large-scale nationally representative surveys on the experience of labour market discrimination. We find that overall immigrants do experience higher rates of work based discrimination, however discrimination does not increase with the recession. We find substantial variation in discrimination across national-ethnic groups, and indicate that ethnicity plays an important influence on the experience of discrimination."
721802,"Mark Anthony Caldwell, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",The Lone Wolf Terrorist in Sheep’s Clothing,Roundtable,"Terrorism in the 21st century is more commonly being carried out by individuals acting on their own accord. Defined as “lone wolf terrorists,” they are capable of orchestrating a terrorist action without being directly tied to any single terrorist organization. The creation of typologies, or categorized groups, for lone wolf terrorists have employed a number of surface level factors that address the physical, political and resource based nature of their actions. No typologies on lone wolf terrorists to date have focused on the symbolic dimension of these attacks.  This is a crucial dimension that gets at the underlying motivations for lone wolf actions, which on the surface may seem contradictory. Mark Juergensmeyer (2003) focused on the symbolic dimension of terrorist actions based on the performative nature of the terrorist event. Using his symbolic dimension, a case study of Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian man who killed 76 people in Norway in 2011, will delve into the motivations and beliefs behind this terrorist event.  The label of cosmic crusader will be developed based on the symbolic characteristics of an imagined historical narrative and the performative violence inherent within the terrorist act. In doing so, the symbolic dimension and specific label within this dimension will add more flesh to the bones of previous typologies on lone wolf typologies. With a better understanding of what makes lone wolves commit terrorist actions, future research on lone wolf terrorists may be able to more accurately label these individuals."
721803,"Jillian Paragg, University of Alberta","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Mixed Race Identity Narratives and the Operation of the External Racial Gaze,Roundtable,"Scholarship on mixed race theorizes that the operation of the external racial gaze is signaled through the ‘what are you?’ question faced by mixed race people in their everyday lives (Haritworn 2012) as well as how mixed race people are ‘racially mismatched’ by others, and how they respond to this (Song and Aspinall 2012).  In interviews conducted with mixed race young-adults in western Canada, it was evident that the ‘what are you?’ question is the verbal form of the gaze’s need to fix the ambivalence it perceives in mixed race bodies. However, this study also found that mixed race people have “at the ready” identity narratives in response to the ‘what are you?’ question.  This paper shows the importance of these narratives to extending the theorization of the racial gaze. The content of mixed race people’s identity narratives and when and where they use their narrative signals how the gaze operates in mixed race people’s lives (how they experience social power, and how they make sense of and respond to it)."
721805,"Soraya Cardenas, Sierra Nevada College","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Illegitimacy of Sustainability,Roundtable,"Sustainability is not real and illogical. This theoretical paper looks at the legitimacy of sustainability through the lens of a minority woman.  The author uses theoretical rhetoric along with personal research and anecdotal experiences to address the salience of sustainability. Her paper addresses the following points: The concept of sustainability, legitimacy of its leaders, the implementation of sustainability from an industrialized world perspective, the addiction to non-renewable resources, and the power and influence of corporations."
721810,"Francesco Giovanni Duina, University of British Columbia","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Making New Markets, New Firms: Global, Local, Online",The Legal and Judicial Architectures of Regional Trade Agreements Worldwide: A Sociological-Institutionalist Perspective,Regular,"A major difference among regional trade agreements (RTAs) concerns their regulatory and judicial design. Some RTAs exhibit little harmonization and instead rely on the principles of mutual recognition or references to existing international standards; the same RTAs also rely on technical dispute resolution mechanisms. Other RTAs rely by contrast on extensive harmonization and permanent courts staffed with professional judges. Yet a third group exhibits a hybrid design. These differences matter for economic and everyday life in the member states, and the functioning of national parliaments and courts. It is therefore surprising that little scholarly attention has gone to documenting and explaining the observable variation. In this paper, I put forth a sociological-institutionalist account linking the architecture of RTAs to the predominance of common versus civil law in the member states.  I turn to ten of the most important and established RTAs in the world to document the proposed variation and assess the validity of the sociological-institutionalist explanation."
721811,"Amelia R. Branigan, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"The Penalty of Obesity on GPA: Evaluating Mechanisms through Variation by Gender, Race, and School Subject",Roundtable,"While prior research has suggested that obesity may cause lower grade point average (GPA), the mechanisms driving this relationship remain a subject of debate. In this study, I test whether the associations between obesity and GPA across race, sex, and academic course subjects follow patterns expected if the relationship largely functioned through social pathways such as differential treatment. Drawing on education research and feminist theory, I hypothesize a larger negative association between obesity and GPA for girls in English, where femininity is privileged, than in math, where stereotypical femininity is perceived to be a detriment. Among White girls in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, I find obesity in high school to be associated with a one-quarter standard deviation penalty on cumulative GPA in English, whereas any penalty of obesity on GPA in math is substantively small and statistically non-significant. In contrast, the negative relationship between obesity and GPA for White boys remains stable across course subjects. Net of controls, associations between obesity and GPA are not significant for Black or Hispanic students of either sex in either course subject. This study adds to a growing literature suggesting that the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic outcomes may result in large part from how institutions interact differently with bodies of different sizes, while challenging explanations that eschew social pathways altogether."
721813,"Francesco Giovanni Duina, University of British Columbia; Jared Bok, Emory University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Citizenship and Identities in the Globalized World,Capitalizing on Regional Integration: Sub-national Movements and the Rhetorical Leveraging of NAFTA and the EU,Regular,"This paper contributes to the growing comparative scholarship on regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the dynamics they engender in national and local life. An objective of that scholarship is to identify patterns across RTAs. We investigate the following question: how have RTAs helped separatist and autonomous movements in their ambitions? We propose that both the left- and right-leaning movements have successfully appropriated, in positive and negative language, RTAs in their rhetoric to articulate not only their goals against their nation states but also their claims against those who oppose them. We identify four factors that might explain the observable differences in rhetorical approaches. The empirical evidence concerns the Quebecois nationalists in Canada, Convergència i Unió in Spain, the Zapatistas in Mexico, and the Lega Nord in Italy. We conclude by reflecting on the possible local and regional impact of the observed rhetorical leveraging across RTAs."
721814,"Rebecca L. Sandefur, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Law Paper Session. The Law in Hard Times: Economic Inequality and Law,Civil Justice and Social Class Inequality: The Socioeconomic Impact of Civil Justice Problems,Section,"Civil-law problems with housing and money are widespread in contemporary societies. But while such problems are common, people experience them in diverse ways. Drawing on a recent comprehensive national survey, I find social class differences both in how people handle similar problems and in the consequences of those problems. The troubles of working class people are more likely to cause negative consequences -- including those that can threaten household financial stability -- than are similar problems experienced by higher social class groups. Inequality in the risk of adverse consequences persists once classes’ different ways of handling their troubles are taken into account. Civil justice problems are revealed as an engine of social inequality: people’s experiences with them not only reflect their positions in the social order, but help to reproduce those positions and may exacerbate existing differences between social class groups."
721815,"Megan Rivers-Moore, Carleton University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Paper Session. Gender and Sexual Politics: The States of Neoliberalism,Sex Work and the Neoliberal Politics of Waiting,Section,"Focusing primarily on a public HIV/AIDS prevention clinic, this paper considers the changing relationship between sex workers and the Costa Rican state, demonstrating that the state’s approach to policing the sex industry has been defined by a shift from collective repression to neoliberal individualism. Instead of the indiscriminate sanitary raids and mass incarceration of the past, waiting for health care has come to play a central role in how sex workers interact with the neoliberal state. This individualized waiting is also about class, in that those who can afford it turn to private sector health care and therefore move out of the domain of the state altogether. The previous equality of collective repression has been replaced with the inequality of individuality. Significantly, this move toward making sex workers into individuals accountable for their own health has included undocumented migrants. But the individualizing effect of neoliberal state formations has occurred specifically within the public health sector, as the state does make an important distinction between sex workers in its use of immigration raids at San José’s most notorious sex tourism business. Neoliberal rationalities of sexual governance ultimately separate and differentiate, and this paper demonstrates the ways in which neoliberal state power operates both through the mundaneness of waiting at the HIV/AIDS prevention clinic and through the spectacle of immigration raids. Thinking about how the Costa Rican state has approached the control of sex work demonstrates the inconsistencies and contradictions of neoliberal governance, and the selectivity of neoliberal state-formation."
721816,"Jill Evelyn Yavorsky, The Ohio State University; Claire M. Kamp Dush, The Ohio State University; Sarah Schoppe-Sullivan, The Ohio State University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Gendered Dimensions of Family and Work,Production of Inequality: Gender Division of Labor Across the Transition to Parenthood,Regular,"Using longitudinal time diary and survey data from a community sample of dual-earner couples across the transition to parenthood, we examined change in divisions of paid and unpaid work and assessed the accuracy of survey data for time-use measurement. Mothers, according to the time diaries, shouldered the majority of childcare and did not decrease paid work hours. Further, the gender gap was not present prebirth, but emerged postbirth with women doing over two hours of additional work per day compared to an additional 30 minutes for men. Moreover, the birth of a child magnified parents’ overestimations of work in the survey data, though men overestimated by 28 hours while women overestimated by 19.  This research has important implications for 1) the state of the gender revolution among highly-educated, dual earner couples well-positioned to obtained balanced workloads and 2) the utility of survey data to measure parents’ division of labor."
721817,"Megan M. Reynolds, Duke University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. The Comparative Political Economy of Health,"Healthcare Policy and Population Health in Rich Democracies, 1960-2010",Section,"Dramatic differences in population health exist across rich democracies, with the United States underperforming relative to its peers on a range of outcomes. Previous research suggests that public healthcare spending matters for well-being, but has not investigated the unique role that socialized medicine may play in population health. Given the wide variation in (and the U.S.’ exceptionally low level of) socialized medicine, this represents a potentially important explanation for cross-national health disparities. I present results of two-way fixed effects models indicating that public health spending as a percentage of GDP (healthcare effort) and as a percentage of total health spending (socialized medicine) both matter for population health, although to varying extents depending on the specific health outcome. I discuss the study in relation to the growing scholarship on the political economy of health and underscore the value of institutions and power relations for our understanding of how health and health inequalities are engendered."
721818,"Harvey L. Molotch, New York University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Consumers and Consumption 2,Consuming Public Goods: Report From the Front,Regular,"This is a report on urban public goods, items typically of a collective consumption variety, but which are encountered on a one:one basis in the course of making ordinary life. Many of the issues from private consumption carry over to the public realm, although the source of the goods involves purchase by public rather than private institutions. I plan to offer concrete examples (e.g. turnstiles, trashbins) following through on the link between acquisition, consumption, and larger issues of public policy and urban consequence."
721822,"Daniel Lanford, Florida State University; Daniel Tope, Florida State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Racial Resentment and Health Insurance Policy Attitudes: Assessing the Mediating Roles of Anger and Anti-Statism,Roundtable,"Recent studies reveal a link between whites’ racial attitudes and opinions of Obama-era health insurance reform proposals. Higher racial resentment is associated with lower support for prominent reforms. A leading explanation for this relationship is that racial attitudes toward Barack Obama “spill over” onto policies with which he is closely associated. Yet prior research has neither directly tested the mediating effects of attitudes toward Obama nor fully assessed alternative explanations involving the racialization of social programs more broadly. We draw from theories of racial spillover, emotional racism, and the racialized state as well as data from the 2007-2009 Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project to evaluate a range of hypotheses about opinions toward health insurance policy. The findings reveal that anger toward Obama significantly mediates the relationship between racial resentment and opinions of health insurance reform. Yet we find that anti-statist attitudes also significantly mediate this relationship. The intervening effects of anger toward Obama and anti-statism persist in a model accounting for both factors, which suggests first that the mediating effect of anger toward Obama has a distinctly racial emotional component which is not based in assessments of Obama’s position on the scope of government and, second, that anti-statism mediates the link between racial resentment and policy opinions net of feelings toward Obama in particular."
721826,"Anna Penner, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Children and Youth Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Effect of Having a Disabled Sibling at Various Ages on Educational Attainment,Roundtable,"This paper utilizes secondary data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults (CNLSY) to examine educational attainment among young adults who had a disabled sibling during childhood by measuring high school completion and number of years of education achieved. This study builds on previous research regarding disability effects on families and offers an additional view on sibling effects on education. I find that on average, respondents who had a disabled sibling as a child complete half a year less schooling and have substantially lower odds of graduating from high school than their peers who did not have a disabled sibling during childhood. Further, I examine gender differences in the effects of those with disabled siblings, showing that differences among women entirely account for the differences in educational attainment we observe. I then focus on the age when a child had a disabled sibling to investigate whether there are particular age ranges that are particularly deleterious to educational achievement. I find that there are no gender differences for those who had a disabled sibling when they were preschool age; however, the recent female educational advantage is eliminated when respondents had a disabled sibling during their educational career. The gap in educational attainment is particularly important to consider in light of policies that should be implemented to avoid unnecessary loss in educational attainment, particularly in light of the further cuts that may be made in this time of financial austerity."
721828,"Matthew E. Brashears, Cornell University; Eric Charles Gladstone, University of South Carolina","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Social Networks, Cognition, and Meaning",Innovation from Imitation: Error Correction Mechanisms in Social Networks can Reduce Accuracy and Encourage Innovation,Regular,"An enormous body of scholarship examines how social contagions spread over social networks. But despite the fact that humans make mistakes, diffusion through social networks is typically modeled as though information is relayed with perfect fidelity. As a result, little is known about how errors, the robustness of message formats, and attempts to correct errors, impact the spread of contagions. We find in an experiment using human subjects that compact (high entropy) message formats, such as text messaging pidgin, are more prone to error than more expansive (lower entropy) formats, such as standard English. We also find that while efforts to correct mistakes improve the accuracy of individual messages, over time they paradoxically generate a wider variety of mutant forms of the contagion than would result from a lack of correction. This indicates that the ability of messages to cross even “small-world” human social networks may be overestimated and that models of social contagion and diffusion are biased upwards. This research also suggests that human tendencies towards conformity can generate diversity; failed error corrections create new versions of a contagion that diffuse in competition with the original, allowing innovation to result from imitation."
721829,"Sheyda Zakerion, University of Oklahoma","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Homeless and Newsworthy: A Content Analysis of Oklahoma’s First Magazine Produced by the Homeless Population,Roundtable,"This project investigates Oklahoma’s first and only street paper titled, The Curbside Chronicle, produced for and by the homeless population. Homeless street papers serve the purpose of employing and empowering the homeless by giving them a product to sell. Street papers also encourage this population to leave panhandling behind and provide their voice by writing for the publication. There are approximately 40 homeless street papers in the United States, but there is limited research on the content of these newspaper and magazine publications. There is, however, significant research determining the method of homeless discourse in other types of news media. Street papers are working tirelessly to redirect the discussion of homelessness to ultimately remove stigma and stereotyping for the population, and research on street papers is fundamental in solidifying these types of shifts. This project is intended to fill the gaps in homeless street paper research and inspire others to further investigate homelessness discourse. Through content analysis of four issues of The Curbside Chronicle I show the unique manner in which this publication discusses the homeless population. Preliminary results show that the discourses represented in The Curbside Chronicle reflect both humanization and empowerment for the homeless population."
721830,"Ruby Mendenhall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ilana Redstone Akresh, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Karen Z. Kramer, University of Illinois","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. The Experience of Social Mobility,Precursors to Social Mobility among Low- and Moderate-Income Families,Regular,"A key American belief is that, through hard work, individuals can improve their social status and live the American Dream. In this study, we identify key factors that facilitate and limit working families’ ability to engage in social mobility activities, defined as homeownership, developing concrete plans to buy a house, and moving to a better neighborhood. We use in-depth qualitative interviews of 194 low- and moderate-income families that received above $1,000 of Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) to illuminate individual- and structural-level processes that serve as precursors to social mobility. We also shed light on the decision-making process families engage in when deciding how to achieve social mobility. We find that both structural factors (e.g., low-interest mortgages) and social factors (e.g., support from family and friends and access to good neighborhoods) facilitate social mobility. Barriers to social mobility are mostly related to financial shocks (e.g., house repair, medical bills) that limit social mobility of families’ who already stretch their resources. Our examination of these social mobility processes is situated during the housing crisis and Great Recession and we discuss the implications of these social forces on U.S. class stratification reproduction for working families over time."
721831,"Carrie L. Shandra, State University of New York-Stony Brook; Allison Kruger, State University of New York-Stony Brook; Lauren Elizabeth Hale, State University of New York-Stony Brook","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Disability and Sleep Duration: Evidence from the American Time Use Survey,Roundtable,"Background: Regular short and long sleep durations are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. While previous research shows significant disparities in sleep duration between people with and without disabilities, less is known about the association between different types of disability and high-risk sleep using nationally representative data. Objective: We examine the association between short and long sleep duration and having a work disability or an impairment in sensory, cognitive, or physical functioning among a nationally representative sample of working-age adults in the United States. Methods: We estimate multinomial logistic regression models using data from the 2003-2012 American Time Use Survey to identify how different types of disabling conditions – net of other sociodemographic factors – relate to the likelihood of reporting short (6 hours or fewer) or long (9 hours or more) sleep, versus midrange (between 6 and 9 hours) sleep. Results: For respondents with work disabilities versus those without work disabilities, the relative risk of short and long sleep is 1.4 and 1.5 times (respectively) that of those with midrange sleep. The risk of short and long sleep duration is also higher among respondents with cognitive, physical, or multiple impairments. Conclusions: Individuals with disabilities are less likely than those without disabilities to have optimal sleep durations. These results demonstrate the importance of health promotion services among this population, with specific attention to sleep hygiene interventions."
721832,"Angie C. Henderson, University of Northern Colorado; Mark Shuey, University of Northern Colorado; Jennifer Schneider, Colorado State University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Sport,Re-framing the Feminine Apologetic: An Analysis of Division I Female Athletes' Performance of Femininity,Regular,"Prior sociological research on the feminine apologetic has focused on how female athletes enhance their feminine traits in an attempt to apologize for their participation in sports. This study attempted to delve into the diverse social complexities a female athlete must navigate on a daily basis as they internally negotiate an identity that would be socially accredited. Moreover, to thoroughly examine this social dilemma facing female athletes, the researcher attempted to measure how pressure to emphasize feminine traits differed across varying social milieu. The three contextual situations compared were while competing, during practice, and outside of athletics. In addition to contextual factors, group dynamics were scrutinized to determine how particular significant others present influenced whether female athletes were more likely to present an identity based on first-order or second-order expectation. Results indicated that female athletes were more likely to fulfill a societally defined female character in situations where second order expectations were incongruent with the first-order expectations that a female athlete held for herself. Hence, the feminine apologetic was less a performance and was better described as fulfilling a character to ensure that one was socially accepted."
721836,"Beth A. Bechky, University of California-Davis","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Paper Session. Work and Occupations Inside Organizations","DNA Envy, Objectivity and the Legitimacy of Forensic Science Work",Section,"In this ethnography of a crime laboratory, I explore how criminalists do science in the public eye.  In crime labs, criminalists work to discover the scientific “truth” in the evidence and also bring their conclusions into the legal system. Their daily work therefore brings together the institutions of law and science.  For instance, the rise of DNA as the gold standard of forensic evidence has produced legal, scientific, and public scrutiny of the other forensic subfields, resulting in “DNA envy” within the forensic science community.  DNA envy goes beyond status and jealousy; it has generated debates about altering analytic and reporting practices.  I analyze several such controversies that demonstrate the shifting balance of scientific ‘objectivity’ and analyst judgment. Doing so shows how interactions of criminalists inside the laboratory, debates within professional societies, arguments in courtrooms, and scientific and public commentary on forensic science intertwine to change the practices of forensic science."
721838,"Andrea M. Voyer, Pace University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Mechanisms of Color-Blind Racism in Sweden's Neo-Liberal School System,Roundtable,"While the prevalence of post hoc appeals to the racial neutrality of the market in excusing racial discrimination is well established, little is known about the mechanisms through which color-blind neoliberalism generates racist outcomes. This research addresses this lack of knowledge when it comes to the important social institution of public education. I examine the mechanisms through which color-blind neoliberal policies create racial inequality in Swedish high schools. Drawing upon interviews with the headmasters of ten high schools in Malmö, Sweden’s most diverse city, I find that the educational market produces and legitimates discrimination and inequality. In Malmö’s choice-based school system, (1) the ethnic background of its students determines the school’s prestige and market competitiveness; (2) in courting ethnic Swedes, the school district and private educational corporations close schools and academic programs popular among minority students; and (3) color-blind theories of academic achievement devalue non-Swedish cultures and promote discrimination in faculty hiring. The role of Sweden’s school-choice in promoting segregation and inequality highlights the mechanisms of the color-blind racism underlying neoliberalism. This research also exposes a crucial flaw in public choice theories undergirding the marketization of public education in many other nations, including the United States. Choice theorists assert that competition between schools promotes educational efficiency and innovation because students’ enrollment choices are motivated by the academic efficacy of the schools. On the contrary, my research demonstrates that the market is driven, not by the academic prowess of institutions, but by the elevated market value of the ethnic majority."
721842,"Joyce Weil, University of Northern Colorado","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Roundtable Session,Un-Stuck in Place? The Experience of Rural Elders Moving to Age in Place in Town,Roundtable,"Aging in place is not the same for all places. Much of the work about aging-in-place promotes this concept as being almost universally positive and favored by all older persons or negative as being “stuck in place,” regardless of the setting one is moving from and to. There is a push within the literature to look behind aging-in-place as a generic concept. Researchers call for an understanding of how aging-in-place really works and highlight the need to incorporate greater diversity in discussions of placed-based aging, including those aging in rural settings where many myths and stereotypes remain. Using data from 40 semi-structured interviews with elders aging in place in a rural community and directed content analysis, this study examines these older persons’ assessments of their current living situation living rurally but now in a more town-like location.  These elders, although moving within a rural environment, for different reasons, do not report feelings of being “stuck in place.” Rather this group of individuals can entertain positive thoughts of earlier life (i.e. in farm settings) while seeing benefits of being “in town” and close to amenities (i.e. activities and family) yet still a part of the same rural place."
721843,"Lindsay Jean DePalma, University of California- San Diego","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Economic Sociology Dissertation Mentoring Roundtable,Roundtable,Dissertation Proposal Abstract
721844,"Sarah Kaplan, University of Toronto","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Paper Session. Markets and Morals,The Women Effect: Transforming Finance by Re-valuing Gender,Section,"A crucial insight from the microfinance movement is that the combination of women and capital can lead to powerful economic and social outcomes, not just for the woman entrepreneur herself but for her family, community and country. This is what is known as the “women effect.” Micro loans to women have a multiplier effect such that women are more likely to pay back the loans (the financial return) precisely because she knows that the proceeds of her business will support her family and community (the social return). One cannot think separately about private and public value creation and capture. This innovative model of funding leads to prosperity in a way that other models for economic development have not. From this starting point, as well as other movements in women’s philanthropy and in advocacy for women’s corporate leadership, a movement to focus on the Women Effect more broadly is emerging. This study seeks to understand – through a field-level ethnography – the development of this movement, which at its core is about understanding finance as a gendered social system and re-valuing gender in the realm of capital allocation. I theorize about the development of communities of practice and definition of expertise, the role of “permission giving” and certification in order to give institutional entrepreneurs voice as advocates, and the gathering, building and publicizing of “proof points” that offer alternative justifications for action."
721845,"Todd W. Ferguson, Baylor University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Failing to Master Divinity: Loose Coupling within Seminaries,Roundtable,"Seminaries, as both educational and religious organizations, have the goal of training religious leaders.  In this article, I analyze the factors associated with the breakdown of this process, i.e. when a seminarian does not enter a religious career.  Drawing on the most recent survey data of American and Canadian seminary students from the Association of Theological Schools (N=3,049), I use the new institutionalism concept of loose coupling to interpret results from logistic regressions testing four hypotheses.  I find that students who are embedded within a seminary’s culture are more likely to enter a religious career, while those attending a university-affiliated seminary are less likely.  Educational debt has no effect.  Gender has profound effects on the choice to enter a religious career.  Most importantly, I find that the vast majority of Master of Divinity graduates do enter into a religious career and loose coupling is a rarity among seminaries."
721846,"Kelsy Kretschmer, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Kristen Barber, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Masculinities 2,Men at the March: Men’s Participation in Take Back the Night and SlutWalk,Regular,"Feminist scholars and activists have long struggled with whether and how to incorporate men into feminist movements, and by extension feminist protest events. We wade into this debate by evaluating how distinct logics of separatism and inclusion of men shape feminist protest events, as well as the media coverage of those events. We anchor this question in an examination of newspaper accounts of two feminist events, Take Back the Night and SlutWalk. We argue that Take Back the Night and SlutWalk organizers tended to use different logics, or ways of doing feminism, in making the decision to include or exclude men, and that these choices had far reaching consequences for both public reactions to the events and the media coverage the activists received. We discuss how these distinct logics sometimes operated simultaneously as organizers negotiated between the benefits of separatism and contemporary calls for men's inclusion. This article contributes to the scholarly and popular  debates about the importance of men’s participation in feminist movements."
721847,"Harland Prechel, Texas A&M University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. Sociology of Finance in Comparative and Historical Perspectives,"Politics and Incremental Policy Shifts to Socialize Capital, Privatize Retirement, and Financialize Firms, 1971-2000",Section,"This paper examines how corporate and class-fraction politics transformed the political, economic, and organizational mechanisms that created opportunities for corporate managers to engage in risky behavior and in some cases financial wrongdoing. The analysis suggests that (1) prevailing theoretical perspectives are too narrowly focused, and (2) empirical studies do not operate within a sufficiently long time frame and lack sufficient depth of analysis to capture the complex mechanisms that permit financialization. What is needed, therefore, is a broader theoretical framework and a more in-depth historical analysis that investigates how changes in the social structure permitted high-risk and, in some, cases illegal behavior. To fill this gap in the literature, the historical analysis here examines how incremental organizational and political-legal changes between1971 and 2000 (1) socialized capital and privatized retirement funds thereby shifting risk to the working and middle classes, and (2) permitted corporate managers to access capital in retirement and other mutual funds while engaging in risk-taking behavior and financial wrongdoing.  The analysis shows that in response to capital accumulation constraints and capital shortages in the 1970s, corporations successfully lobbied government officials to redefine the political-legal arrangements in ways that socialized capital, privatized retirement funds, and created new financial instruments. Although the financial sector has been the primary focus of public attention and scholarly research, the first innovative financial instruments were created and used in the manufacturing and energy sectors."
721848,"Hannah E. Furnas, Pennsylvania State University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Injectable Contraceptives, Fertility, and HIV: A Stover Fertility Decomposition of Malawi’s Total Fertility Rate",Roundtable,"In the sub-Saharan African country of Malawi, injectables are the most commonly used form of contraception with 33 percent of sexually active women using injectable contraceptives in 2010. In 2011, research emerged that showed an increased risk of HIV transmission and acquisition when women use hormonal contraception, particularly injectables. Leaders in the global health community responded with concern and disdain over these findings. This paper asks: how would the total fertility rate (TFR) of Malawi change if women stopped using injectables or changed their patterns of contraceptive use due to fear of HIV infection or change in global support for injectables? Using the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, I decompose the TFR using Stover’s method of fertility decomposition. My findings indicate that ceasing use of injectables would greatly increase the TFR to pre-1980s levels. The TFR also changes when women adjust their contraceptive behaviors without stopping use of contraception entirely. Lastly, I find that the gradual fertility decline in Malawi should continue if levels of injectable use follow the current trends. These findings should inform future fertility research and policy related to injectable contraceptive use, as to prevent a potential burden of unwanted births and increased HIV infection."
721851,"Cardell K. Jacobson, Brigham Young University; Lance D. Erickson, Brigham Young University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Racial and Gender Disparities in the Physician Assistants Profession,Roundtable,"Previous researchers have examined pay differentials between Female and Male Physician Assistants.  We extend these analyses to examine whether racial and ethnic salary disparities exist. We examine factors associated with the differentials.  Method: Using a nationally representative survey of American Physician Assistants from the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) we examine pay differentials between male and female Physician Assistants and pay differentials between racial and ethnic groups. We use bivariate and multivariate statistics to analyze these differentials from the 2009 AAPA survey of 15,105 PAs. Findings:  Women represent nearly two-thirds of the profession, but receive approximately $18,000 less in primary compensation. The differential reduces further to just over $9,500 when the analysis includes a variety of other variables.  Women tend to work in different specialties, and they work in suburbs instead of urban areas.  Minority PAs tend to make slightly higher salaries than white PAs nationally, though the differences are not statistically significant once the control variables are included in the analysis.  Hispanic PAs are particularly more likely to make more because they tend to live and work in the West region of the United States (differences not statistically significant).  Despite the rough parity in primary salary, PAs of color are vastly underrepresented in the profession.  We discuss the need for recruitment of PAs of color."
721852,"Tak Wing Chan, University of Oxford","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Paper Session. Cultural Consumption in a Changing World (co-sponsored with the Section on Consumers and Consumption),Understanding Cultural Omnivores: Social and Political Attitudes,Section,"I use data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society to investigate the social and political attitudes of cultural omnivores.  I report a threefold typology of visual arts consumption that is consistent with previous research.  Then by linking data across the two panel surveys, I show that cultural consumption is associated with a wide range of social attitudes, the net magnitude of which is comparable to the associations with education.  Specifically, omnivores are more trusting than visual arts inactives.  They hold more favourable views about the European Union, and they tend to eschew subnational and ethnic identities. Omnivores are `greener', and are more liberal on gender role and homosexuality.  Although omnivores are less likely to belong to a religion, they are more likely to attend religious services, albeit infrequently.  Omnivores are more politically engaged.  But they are not more `class conscious'.  Nor are they particularly left-wing or right-wing on distributional issues.  When asked what is important to the sense of who they are, their profession or education does not appear especially salient.  But omnivores are more extrovert and open to new experiences.  Taken together, these results challenge the view that omnivorousness is just a new form of distinction, and suggest a more nuanced relationship between cultural consumption and social stratification."
721854,"Eliza Benites Gambirazio, University of Arizona","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Social Construction of a Local Housing Market through Intermediaries,Roundtable,"(Dissertation Proposal) Housing market dynamics such as residential mobility, discrimination, and housing policy have been well studied by sociologists. Less is known about the role of the intermediaries, mainly real estate agents, in the construction of the housing market through the buying process. In this study, I use in-depth interviews with real estate agents and first time homebuyers and ethnographic field research in the homebuying setting to understand the structure and the functioning of a local housing market. More specifically, I study how the interactions between first time homebuyers and real estate agents influence their decision on the neighborhood and the house they end up buying. I focus on how agents try to meet and reformulate the needs and preferences of the buyer, not only through the objective characteristics of the house (bedrooms, size, type, etc.) and the neighborhood, but also through the representation of the buyers and their lifestyles. The goal of this research is to explore the strategies, habits, and discourses that real estate agents adopt in front of potential buyers in terms of trying to sell a house and within the context of increased competition between agents and agencies. One hypothesis is that they use specific social markers (such as values, race, demographics, and lifestyle) to match houses and their sellers to homebuyers."
721858,"Lauren Apgar, Indiana University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Temporary Worker Advantages? A Comparison of Mexican Immigrants' Employment Outcomes,Roundtable,"Most studies of Mexican immigrants’ labor market outcomes overlook temporary workers. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, I compare temporary workers’ labor market experiences with those of legal permanent residents (LPRs) and undocumented workers. I examine hourly wages, occupational prestige, and job stability. Together, comparisons reveal that temporary workers experience the poorest employment outcomes. While temporary workers’ hourly wages fall between the wages of LPRs and undocumented workers, they work fewer months and hold less prestigious jobs than both groups. These patterns suggest that temporary workers’ dependence on their employer prevents their upward advancement and job stability."
721859,"Naomi F. Sugie, Princeton University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Utilizing Smartphones to Study Disadvantaged and Hard-to-reach Groups,Roundtable,"Mobile technologies, specifically smartphones, offer social scientists a potentially powerful approach for examining the social and behavioral world. They enable researchers to collect information that was previously unobservable or difficult to measure, expanding the realm of empirical investigation. For certain projects, including those studying poor and hard-to- reach groups, smartphones may lessen sample selection and attrition, increase data reliability, and provide greater privacy than traditional data collection techniques. At the same time, smartphones are nascent and untested social science tools, particularly with less advantaged populations that may have different phone usage patterns or privacy concerns. Using findings from a project of individuals recently released from prison, this paper discusses the strengths and difficulties of utilizing smartphones as data collection tools among traditionally hard-to-reach groups."
721861,"Sylvanna Martina Falcon, University of California-Santa Cruz","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Transforming Institutional Practices of Human Rights,Human Rights Constellations,Regular,"The purpose of this paper is to explore the different meanings or understandings of human rights by suggesting three constellations of human rights exist: legal regimes of human rights, decolonial/feminist human rights, and the social life of rights.  Reflective of the various constituencies engaged at the United Nations (UN) level, the concept of human rights constellations reveals changing engagements with human rights, which has contributed to important ontological shifts.  Constellation represents a shared space that does not suggest one approach is superior to the others.  Rather, it suggests that these different strands come together to provide us with an understanding of what human rights are and what it should, or could, become. The legal regimes of human rights rest on modernist ontologies, decolonial/feminist human rights hinge on relational ontologies, and the “social life of rights” signifies the struggle between the two ontologies waged at the level of politics and UN advocacy.   By challenging “the dominant framework of human rights and its assumption of a universal human nature largely reflected in the specific experiences, needs and values of affluent white Western men,”  alternative feminist and anti-racist epistemologies of human rights based on decoloniality and the “social life of rights” offer a richer portrait of the human rights landscape."
721864,"Ye Luo, Clemson University; Zhenmei Zhang, Michigan State University; Danan Gu, United Nations Population Division","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Education and Mortality among Older Adults in China,Roundtable,"This study examines the relationship between education and mortality, its underlying mechanisms, and its gender and age variations among older adults in China, using data from the 2002 to 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.  There is an inverse relationship between education and mortality risk.  The relationship is explained in full by each of the three mechanisms: other socioeconomic attainments, social relationships and activities, and health status, and partially by physical exercise.  In addition, primary education has a stronger effect on mortality for men than for women and the effect of education is stronger for the young old than for the oldest old.  These findings underscore the importance of national and subpopulation contexts in understanding the relationship between education and mortality."
721865,"Tyler Ross Flockhart, North Carolina State University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Family, Evangelicalism and Gender: How Family and Marriage Inform Gender Ideology among College-Age Evangelical Men",Roundtable,"Because family serves as a central function in organizing family life among evangelicals, prior research considering the relationship between evangelicalism, family and gender does so in a manner that focuses predominantly on married evangelicals.  The present article provides a contribution to the literature by using in-depth interviews to explore how ten unmarried college-age evangelical men use the evangelical family and marriage as resources to draw from in order to make sense of their current gender role ideologies.  The findings suggest that participants (1) draw from the gender relations enacted by their parents during childhood; (2) use the family as a model for “practicing” to be a godly husband and leader; and (3) use a combination of biology and evangelicalism to justify the roles of women and men.  Among this sample of unmarried college-age evangelical men, the Christian marriage and family remain central resources that these men draw from when constructing their gender role ideologies."
721868,"Dustin Kidd, Temple University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,Inequality and Popular Culture,Roundtable,"In this paper, I argue that popular culture constitutes a system for organizing persons into social hierarchies. I examine a variety of sites in which this hierarchical organizing takes place and I emphasize the importance of looking at both representational and non-representational actions. Representation must be contextualized with other issues such as policy (the cultural policies that shape how culture is created and organized), labor (the labor force for the culture industries as well as associated practices of training and recruitment), and consumption (the practices of audiences in terms of access to popular culture, cultural consumption choices, and the translation of cultural consumption into social action)."
721872,"Izumi Mori, Rikkyo University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Open Refereed Roundtable Session I,Trends in Socioeconomic Achievement Gap in Japan: Implications on Educational Inequality,Roundtable,"Japan underwent rapid economic expansion as well as economic development after the War. However, since 1990s, the country faced long recession and the increase in social and economic inequality. During such time, education policy also shifted toward favoring differentiated curriculum and choice-based system. The purpose of this paper is to reveal how the relationship between family background and students’ academic achievement has changed over time in Japan in the recent decade. Using the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the study applies hierarchical linear modeling and examine the proportion of between-school variance in academic achievement as well as the effect of family background on achievement over time. As a result, the study found evidence on increase educational inequality in Japan during this decade. This paper suggests that changes in educational policy, such as ensuring equal opportunity and providing adequate resources to schools may be necessary to reduce such growing educational inequality in Japan."
721873,"Anthony E. Ladd, Loyola University-New Orleans","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Unconventional Energy Development, Hydraulic Fracking, and The New Carbon Era: Ecological Modernization or Risk Society?",Roundtable,"While energy companies have helped create the conventional wisdom that they are leading a green technology revolution which will advance us into a clean, renewable energy future, in reality the industry is pouring most of its historic profits into new fossil-fuel projects involving the exploitation of unconventional oil and shale gas reserves through hydraulic fracking. This paper in progress traces the recent history of this shift in energy development policy and critically analyzes the opportunity-threat impacts of the New Carbon Era from both the perspectives of Ecological Modernization and Risk Society Theory. The implications of these findings are addressed."
721877,"Yujia Liu, University of South Carolina","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Health Inequality: Tracing Trends and Theorizing Processes,Beyond the Socioeconomic Gradient: Reassessing Social Class Inequalities in Health,Section,"Departing from the gradational tradition that equates socioeconomic status (SES) with social class, I reexamine social inequalities in health with comprehensive social class indicators. These indicators include gradational SES and nominal social class, both big class and micro class (i.e. occupation). This approach allows us to identify additional social class health disparities that are independent of the SES health gradient. Using data from National Health Interview Survey, this study focuses on four major aspects of physical and mental wellbeing: general health status, chronic conditions, functional limits, and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that SES captures the majority of social class inequality in self-reported general health status, but leaves out a significant amount of disparities in specific health outcomes. Most of these additional disparities are structured primarily on the detailed occupations, and are not fully accounted for by known mediating factors such as occupational characteristics or prestige. I conclude by suggesting that the occupational habitus offers an array of health factors that cannot be exhausted by gradational socioeconomic formulations, and social class inequalities in health are even worse than we thought."
721879,"Rene Nahele Patnode, University of California-San Diego","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Political Sociology,National Difference within Global Convergence: Contested Discourse at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo,Regular,"This article advances the study of global norm diffusion by examining how political actors use the fluid connotations of globally prominent discursive terms to debate future development of norms and actively resist norm adoption. Greater empirical attention to “horizontal” diffusion, or the diffusion that occurs between political actors and their global peers, as compared to the “vertical” variety allows for more complex analysis at successes and failures of diffusion.  An empirical study of the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China, catalogued the discourse used by national pavilions relating to democracy and childhood. This article analyzes the different intentions implied by political usage of terms with globally contested connotations (e.g. democracy) compared to terms whose connotations are relatively more fixed but tangential to the political issues under consideration (e.g., childhood) and concludes by arguing that the usage of the latter category indicates less openness to debate and thus the potential breakdown of the diffusion process."
721882,"Thurston A. Domina, University of California-Irvine; Andrew Penner, University of California-Irvine; Emily K. Penner, University of California-Irvine; Marianne Bitler, University of California-Irvine","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Effects of Accountability on Students, Classrooms, and Public Discourse",Membership has its Privileges: Student Incentives and Stigmatized Identities in the Accountability Era,Regular,"Education policy increasingly holds schools and teachers accountable for student test scores. However, in many cases these tests, while high stakes for schools and teachers, have no implications for students. We examine one organizational response, in which schools sought to attach social incentives to a previously low stakes test, assigning high visibility color-coded identification cards for students based on their test scores. While rational choice perspectives suggest that such measures should boost student achievement, research in social psychology suggests that this effort might create stigmatized identities that depress student test scores. Using difference in difference and regression discontinuity based designs, we show that this program boosted achievement on the previously low stakes test, but did not influence achievement on a test that was already high stakes for students. Thus, we conclude that the school was successful in its goal of passing the incentives on the previously low stakes down to students. However, we find some evidence to suggest that stereotype threats limited this strategy’s effectiveness for Hispanic students. Furthermore, regression discontinuity analyses indicate that low-status ID card assignment had negative effects for student achievement."
721883,"Sang Kyung Lee, University of California-San Diego","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Financial Crises and Politics of Recession: A Comparative Analysis of 1997-98 Korea and 2009-10 Greece,Roundtable,"This article investigates how the socio-economic conditions within a country experiencing severe finical crises affect a government’s ability to enact austerity policies. Through a historical comparison of the political regimes, structure of social welfare systems, and adverse social conditions – corruption and public discontent with political institutions – in Korea (1997-1998) and Greece (2009-2010), I argue that the political strategy each of these countries had adopted for the sake of the pre-crisis growth, and their levels of social welfare spending prior to their respective finical crises, determined how their citizens reacted to austerity packages. In the Korean case, the growth-centered politics related to more public sacrifice, higher economic growth, and low levels of welfare spending kept the political costs of austerity manageable. Whereas in the Greek case, the populist politics related to higher government debt, greater prosperity, and high levels of welfare spending made them unmanageable. I expect this article to help unveil the complex dynamics underlying public reactions to financial crises for which the conventional explanations based upon adverse conditions cannot fully account, thereby broadening the further sociological debate on them."
721886,"Sharon Koppman, University of Arizona","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Cultural Capital,Entering the Creative Class: The Role of High-Status Culture,Regular,"Occupations that add economic value through purported creativity—popularized by Richard Florida’s (2002) Rise of the Creative Class—have in recent years increasingly defined desirable employment.  Yet we know relatively little about who enters these “creative” occupations, how and why.  I address this gap by testing a novel link between class-privileged socialization and attainment of creative employment: whether early exposure to diverse ideas and cultural forms increases the likelihood that an individual will enter a creative occupation.  Focusing on the case of the advertising industry, I analyze primary survey data collected from a probability sample of U.S. advertising agencies and semi-structured interviews with advertising professionals.  Structural equation modeling reveals a positive indirect effect of socialization on creative employment, mediated by high-status “omnivorous” (inclusive and diverse) taste.  Qualitative data illustrate a mechanism underlying this path: by providing a valuable signal of creative potential in the initial hiring transaction, class-privileged socialization increases the chance an individual will enter a creative occupation.  This study’s findings highlight a new direction for research on creativity, add to the growing work on cultural fit in elite occupations, and extend knowledge on how employer hiring practices contribute to social inequality."
721888,"John Paul, Washburn University; Stephanie K. Decker, Washburn University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Perceptions of Music Performance Students on the Use of Music as Torture,Roundtable,"The American military’s use of music and sound as a technique of interrogation and as a vehicle of forced compliance on prisoners in the “global war on terror” has been well documented. Specifically, U.S. interrogators state that music has been used to deprive prisoners of sleep, disorient them, and offend them culturally in order to break their resistance to interrogation. Given that Americans have become increasingly aware of these techniques, we wonder why it has provoked little public outcry?” In this paper, we follow the aforementioned question to ask a very specific segment of the public if an outcry exists and if an outcry is warranted. For purposes of this inquiry we surveyed music majors and music performance students on their perceptions and reactions to the use of music in this way."
721890,"Jamie Vickery, University of Colorado","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Extreme Poverty","Homelessness and Disaster in Boulder, Colorado",Section,"The purpose of this research is to shed light on the distinctive experiences and needs of a population that is poorly understood, particularly with respect to disasters and their effects. Homelessness is a visible social problem in Boulder as well as a national social issue—with over 600,000 individuals experiencing homelessness across the country (U.S. HUD 2013). Despite this fact, policy decisions are frequently made without incorporation of extensive social science research (Rossi 1989). This study is significant in that it will help to broaden the scope of knowledge on vulnerable groups, specifically homeless persons, in sociological studies of disaster.  This project is part of a larger study that will be conducted within the next two years. Data is now being collected, and analysis will be carried out later. This paper serves as a foundational piece for future analysis and presentation of findings once the project is completed. Therefore, this paper is a preliminary effort to assess the current state of research on homelessness and disaster, the difficulties of measuring and defining this vulnerable population, as well as a description of the study’s methodology. The concluding section presents initial findings from participant observation data gathered thus far and a discussion of future directions for the research project.  *I anticipate the analyses for this project to be completed by the time of the meeting in August."
721895,"Smitha Radhakrishnan, Wellesley College","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Development and Gender: Paradoxes, Unanticipated Effects",Subverting the Microfinance Myth: Gendered Livelihoods in Urban India’s Slums,Regular,"This paper draws upon ethnographic work in the global microfinance industry as well as interviews with urban microfinance clients in southern India to subvert the gendered “microfinance myth” that supports the moral legitimacy of microfinance. I undermine the first part of the myth—that microfinance borrowers are “poor”—by examining the restrictive conditions under which the for-profit microfinance industry functions.  These conditions make sure that microfinance institutions (MFIs) can only serve the relatively well-off who are living in slum areas of urban India, limiting or eliminating access for the poorest. The second part of the myth I undermine—that microfinance borrowers are entrepreneurial—draws from interviews with clients and MFI employees, as well as ethnographic observations of MFI home visits with potential borrowers, to argue that microfinance borrowers are rarely entrepreneurial. Finally, I address the myth that loans provide empowerment to women who are suffering under the weight of patriarchal cultures.  I show that working class women served by the industry often work in close financial partnership with their husbands to enrich their livelihoods.  By undermining these three myths with the nuanced accounts of working class livelihoods I encountered in fieldwork as well as the details of loan conditionalities and the everyday pressures of the industry, this paper aims to expose the moral and financial ambiguity of microfinance transactions, and insist upon more fine-grained, detailed accounts of gender and poverty in the global South."
721897,"Manjusha S. Nair, National University of Singapore","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Paper Session. Organizing the Unorganizable: Labor Activism among Informal and Low-Wage Workers,"Relational Use of Class, Citizenship and Community: Informal  Workers’ Mobilization in Central India",Section,"Recent scholarship has replaced the prototypical concept of working class-consciousness with what are considered to be empirically more grounded categories such as citizenship, neighborhood networks and community. In this article, I argue that good citizenship, class-consciousness and community affiliations exist concurrently: they are relational identities that emerge from workers’ varied interactions within the complex social world of state, capital, rival unions, public, reporters, intellectuals and their own community. The case I examine is Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha (Chhattisgarh Liberation Front or CMM), a contract-workers’ union, in the state-owned iron-ore mines in the Chhattisgarh- a state in central India. The evidence is generated from eighteen- month ethnographic research. The workers, in personal interviews, underlined a class-consciousness, which they projected over peasant, regional and even citizen identities.  Yet they demanded social citizenship from the state, recognition of rights and entitlements as citizen-workers, equal treatment with regular workers, improvement in everyday living, and general inclusion in the space of the nation-state, from which they were partially excluded. They used their community affiliations, affections and networks to expand the union to the country side and to the neighboring towns, and gain leverage as a regional political party. It could be argued, citing a single one of those versions that the workers “were acting” as workers, as citizens, or community members. I show, however, that these identities exist simultaneously, each expressed within a particular relation in which the workers were engaged."
721898,"Veerle Buffel, Ghent University; Rozemarijn Dereuddre, Ghent University; Piet Bracke, Ghent University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,"The Relationships between Unemployment or Job Insecurity, Professional Care Seeking, and the Consumption of Antidepressants",Roundtable,"In addition to concerns about the treatment gap in mental health care, an increasing number of researchers are paying attention to the medicalization of daily life. Framed in a context characterised by a growth in the use of antidepressants and at the same time economic instability, the aim of this study is to unravel the relations between employment status/job insecurity, seeking professional care for mental health problems, and antidepressant use. Data from the Eurobarometer 345 (2010) is used to perform gender-differentiated, multilevel logistic regression analyses. Our results show that, in accordance with the need hypothesis, part of the professional care use for emotional problems and part of the antidepressant use among the unemployed and those in insecure jobs is associated with their comparatively worse mental health status. In addition, medicalization processes contribute to more frequent care and antidepressant use, irrespective of mental health status, among the unemployed: increased antidepressant consumption among women in insecure jobs and more GP consultations for emotional health problems among their male counterparts. In conclusion, evidence is found for both the need hypothesis as well as the medicalization hypothesis. In addition, we cannot conclude that women are more vulnerable to medicalization than men are."
721899,"Cristobal Young, Stanford University; Charles Varner, Stanford University; Ithai Lurie, U.S. Department of Treasury; Richard Prinsinzano, U.S. Department of Treasury","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Inequality, Poverty, and Mobility",Millionaire Migration: State Taxes and the Demography of the One Percent,Section,"Do millionaires migrate when state tax rates are raised? Many U.S. states have passed millionaire taxes in recent years, sparking concerns about tax flight among the wealthy. Such migration flows can drain state revenues and limit the ability of states to sustain progressive welfare state policies. We draw on the IRS tax records filed by all million-dollar income earners in the United States between 1999 and 2011, and track the state from which they file their taxes. The data set contains 43 million tax records, representing 3.7 million unique tax filers, and provides a virtual census of top income-earners. Preliminary analysis finds some clear evidence of a small tax migration effect. Raising the effective tax rate by one percentage point leads to a loss, over 12 years, of roughly one-tenth of one percent of a state’s millionaire population. However, migration itself plays a small role in the changes in the millionaire population, and we argue that a broader millionaire demography is needed. The millionaire “birth rate” (domestic production of millionaires) and “life expectancy” (mean years of millionaire earnings) play a much greater role than migration in determining the size of a state’s millionaire population. These population dynamics do not appear to be influenced by state income taxes."
721903,"Rozemarijn Dereuddre, Ghent University; Veerle Buffel, Ghent University; Piet Bracke, Ghent University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Gendered Negotiations,Couples’ Power Dynamics and the Gendered Division of Contraceptive Use in Belgium,Regular,"Recent studies point to the importance of taking both men’s and women’s characteristics as well as the relational context into account when examining contraceptive use. Building on the theoretical frameworks of the relative resource theory and the gender perspectives, we aim to examine the association between partners’ power (im)balance and the choice of male versus female controlled contraceptives. Two power domains are included: structural resources (educational heterogamy) and interpersonal characteristics (division of housework and decision making power). The data of the Belgian Generations and Gender Programme (wave 1, 2008-2010) are used to examine our hypotheses with multinomial logistic diagonal reference models. The results show that men’s and women’s educational level are equally important predictors for a couple’s contraceptive method. Surprisingly, only the interpersonal power measures seem to determine a couple’s contraception. Our findings suggest that higher female power is associated with more male contraceptive responsibility. This adds to previous literature that highlights the importance of conceptualizing power as a multidimensional construct and that focuses on contraceptive choice as a couples’ decision."
721904,"Amanda Yvonne Wise, Macquarie University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Everyday Multiculturalism at Work: Race and Multi-ethnic Coexistence in Singaporean Workplaces,Roundtable,"This paper presents findings from and theoretical reflection on current research among workers in multi-racial Singaporean workplaces. The paper explores how race and cultural difference is negotiated in Singaporean workplaces amongst ‘locals’, ‘immigrants’, and ‘foreign workers’. Singapore is an immigrant society consisting of a Chinese majority (74.1%) followed by Malays (13.4%), Indians (9.2%) and ‘Others’ (3.3%). Singapore’s permanent population numbers about 3.7 million people and additional 1.3 million people reside there on some form of temporary work visa, who make up 34.7% of the Singaporean labour force. Micro-publics are spaces of mundane, habitual encounter and engagement with difference. As a key space of inter-ethnic encounter, the workplace provides a useful laboratory to study a multicultural “micro-public” (Amin 2002) and the workings of everyday race relations. Yet the workplace is a special kind of micro-public, where the rules and codes of contemporary working cultures interplay with collegial and hierarchical relationships (Du Gay 1996, Willis 1981), which in turn mediate interethnic relationships (Essed 1991). In Singapore, which relies on a large immigrant workforce, this is overlayed by a hierarchical regime of racial differentiation and immigrant status.  The paper explores how cultural differences and identities are experienced, negotiated, understood and transformed in everyday situations of enforced intercultural interaction like the workplace. The paper argues that structural, governmental and institutional factors like neo-liberal workplace changes and variegated visa regimes—as well as spatial and material factors, broader national discourses, media cultures and stereotypes mediate intercultural relationships in Singaporean workplaces."
721905,"Shiri Noy, University of Wyoming","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Globalization, International Financial Institutions and Health Expenditure in Latin America and the Caribbean",Roundtable,"Welfare state research on social spending and the welfare state has focused on developed countries. Both political and medical sociologists have noted that even in this context, health policies and spending have been marginalized. Scholars have traditionally suggested that globalization creates new downward pressures on social, among them health, spending – with countries competing for foreign investments – resulting in a race to the bottom and a reduction in public commitments to health. In particular, international financial institutions (IFIs) are seen as promoting a neoliberal logic that has steadily gained traction in national policymaking since the 1980s – emphasizing a reduction in social provision by government. More recently, however, scholars have noted that the logic of human capital investment might promote spending on health. This paper tests these propositions by examining the determinants of overall, public and private health spending in Latin America and the Caribbean between 1995 and 2008. Results suggest that demographic factors driving changes in health spending, consistent with modernization theories. World Bank conditions are not associated with lower spending, which is consistent with discussions of its promotion of human capital investment though IMF programs are associated with lower spending. I discuss the implications of these results which indicate that we need to further unpack the effects of these neoliberal organizations on health expenditure and that these institutions may sometimes be working at cross-purposes."
721907,"Shiri Noy, University of Wyoming; Timothy L O'Brien, University of Evansville","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion and Public Opinion in the United States",Roundtable,"Popular and scholarly accounts of science and religion often emphasize conflict between these two ways of knowing. However, relatively little is known about how orientations toward science and religion correspond to wider cultural divisions in the United States. To fill this gap, we examine how modern, traditional, and post-secular perspectives on science and religion relate to a variety of interpersonal and socio-political attitudes using GSS data from 2006, 2008 and 2010. We find that perspectives on science and religion are linked to a wide range of attitudes but that differences cannot be easily classified as either conservative or liberal. For example, those with a modern perspective of science and religion have significantly more permissive attitudes about gender and same-sex marriage. Additionally, the individuals espousing the post-secular and modern perspectives hold similar attitudes about civil liberties and general health and well-being but differ on issues such as suicide and government spending in certain domains, where post-seculars are more similar to traditionals in their attitudes. Post-seculars held the most restrictive attitudes about abortion. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for understandings of science and religion as guiding worldviews in American public opinion and political culture."
721913,"Seunghye Hong, University of Hawaii; Wei Zhang, University of Hawaii-Manoa; Emily C. Walton, Dartmouth College","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Mental Health,"Neighborhoods and Mental Health: Exploring Ethnic Density, Poverty, and Social Cohesion among Asian Americans and Latinos",Regular,"This study examines the associations of neighborhood ethnic density and poverty with social cohesion and self-rated mental health among Asian Americans and Latinos. Path analysis is employed to analyze data from the 2002-2003 National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) and the 2000 U.S. Census (N=2095 Asian Americans living in N=259 neighborhoods; N=2554 Latinos living in N=317 neighborhoods). Findings reveal that neighborhood ethnic density relates to poor mental health in both groups. Social cohesion partially mediates that structural relationship, but is positively related to ethnic density among Latinos and negatively related to ethnic density among Asian Americans. Neighborhood poverty is associated with poor mental health for both groups in a bivariate correlation; however, this does not hold in the path models after accounting for social cohesion and covariates. Furthermore, social cohesion fully mediates the association between neighborhood poverty and mental health among Latinos. This study highlights the necessity of reconceptualizing existing theories of social relationships to reflect complex and nuanced mechanisms linking neighborhood structure and mental health for diverse racial and ethnic groups."
721915,"Emily C. Walton, Dartmouth College","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Community and Urban Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Investment, Sense of Community, and Collective Efficacy in a Multiethnic Public Housing Neighborhood",Roundtable,"This in-depth analysis of social life in a poor, multiethnic public housing neighborhood in Madison, WI, presents an opportunity for refinement of social disorganization theory. Based on qualitative interviews and observation, I argue that despite high levels of poverty and racial and ethnic diversity in this neighborhood, it exhibits substantial collective efficacy. I explicate two types of exogenous investment strategies that generate a sense of community. I then argue that sense of community provides a basis for beneficial action on the behalf of the collective in the absence of structural resources, because it constitutes the source of shared expectations about values and norms in the neighborhood. The findings from this study are useful not only because they suggest refinements to the highly-regarded theory of social disorganization, but also because they provide foundational ideas for policy interventions that may improve the social lives of residents in structurally-disadvantaged neighborhoods."
721916,"Sarah Valdez, Juan March Institute","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Intergroup Contact and Anti-Immigrant Voting: A Spatial Analysis of the 2011 Parliamentary Election in Sweden,Roundtable,"In this paper, I examine the processes by which everyday, micro-level interactions transform anti-immigrant attitudes into anti-immigrant votes.  I perform a test of the contact hypothesis, which posits that when ethnic majority group members come into routine but superficial contact with ethnic minority group members, pre-existing negative attitudes toward the minority group will be sustained or exacerbated.  A spatial analysis of electoral data from each polling station in Sweden for the 2011 parliamentary election (n= 5,688) provides support for the hypothesis.  Much of the variance in district-level voting can be accounted for by the percent of non-western residents in adjacent neighborhoods. The findings suggest that the probability of anti-immigrant attitudes translating into votes increases in neighborhoods where residents are likely to have fleeting contact with immigrants and I test this further with a city-level case study.  I collected observational data on the visibility of non-westerners in a mid-size Swedish city and find that votes for the anti-immigrant Sweden Democrats are above the national average where immigrants are most visible.  Furthermore, the effect of non-western residents on anti-immigrant voting is most pronounced in regions without histories of significant non-western immigration, suggesting that the negative effects of superficial contact diminish over time."
721917,"Elizabeth Covay Minor, Michigan State University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Differential Effects of Instruction on Achievement: Mathematical Quality of Instruction,Roundtable,"Much of the research in the sociology of education has focused on achievement gaps including the black-white achievement gap and more recently the Hispanic-white and income achievement gap. However, little research in the sociology of education focuses on the role of the organization of the classroom learning environment or instruction. This study examines the differential effects of instruction on student achievement using the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database. The findings show that minority and lower income students tend to have teachers with lower effective teaching scores; however, the measures of effective teaching tend not to be related to achievement. However, there are some differential effects of instruction, but they are not as we would expect. These results suggest that more effective teachers perpetuate the achievement gap that exists when students enter the classroom. These findings are considered and future steps for research are discussed."
721918,"Michael Stephan Graetz, European University Institute; Juho Harkonen, Stockholm University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Using Peer Effects to Uncover the Causal Effects of Parental Separation on Educational Outcomes,Roundtable,"This paper analyses the effects of parental separation on educational outcomes. Due to the impossibility of random assignment of children to parental separation, this literature is particularly plagued with problems of interpreting coefficients as causal effects. Several solutions to address this problem have been proposed, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages and none of them has achieved general acceptance. In this study, we propose a novel instrumental variables approach, which uses information on separation of parents' peers (siblings and co-workers) to identify the causal effects of parental separation on children's outcomes. We apply this approach to a large data set on a school cohort from Sweden. Our results indicate that the consequences of parental separation on grades are indeed causal and of significant size."
721919,"Trent Taylor Steidley, The Ohio State University; Cynthia G. Colen, The Ohio State University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Gunning for Page 1: The Gun Control Debate and Press  Releases as Social Movement Organization Tactics,Roundtable,"Can a social movement generate its own news coverage? Do social movements face bias in news media? Previous work shows news worthy events relevant to a movement, politicians and fringe groups engaging movement agendas, and violent protests all increase news coverage of a social movement organization. However, these factors are all outside the control of a social movement organization. Further, protesting in modern democracies is becoming less newsworthy and viable for many social movements. What tactics might modern social movements wield in order to break into news coverage? We argue press releases are viable tactics for social movement organizations to achieve just this goal. We empirically assess this argument using the gun control debate and New York Times coverage of it, for a case study of the National Rifle Association and the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. Data come from 11.5 years of press releases, along with a content analysis of New York Times newspaper coverage of both the National Rifle Association and the Brady Campaign. Ultimately, when known patterns in media coverage of movements are taken into account, press releases are not consistent or major determinates of media coverage of these social movement organizations, yet we find that the New York Times is more responsive Brady Campaign press releases than the NRA’s. These findings raise questions about the meaning of formal movement engagement with the media and the intended purpose of press releases."
721923,"Jacob William Faber, New York University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Disasters: Resilience, Vulnerability, and Risk",Superstorm Sandy and the Demographics of Flood Risk in New York City,Regular,"“Superstorm Sandy” brought unprecedented storm surge to New York City neighborhoods. Previous severe weather events exacerbated underlying inequalities because socially marginalized populations were concentrated in environmentally exposed areas. This study, which explores Sandy’s impact, finds economic and racial segregation overlapped with flood risk to create communities with dual vulnerabilities: social and environmental. Poverty rates were higher in affected areas, especially among blacks. Both whites and blacks were disproportionately represented in flooded neighborhoods, compared to Asians and Latinos. Conversely, transit disruption had the greatest effect on Asians and Latinos. Data from New York’s 311 system suggest there was variation in distress across neighborhoods of different racial makeup and that flooded neighborhoods showed signs of distress months after the storm. The concomitant trends of urbanization and frequency and/or severity of hurricanes due to climate change suggest that the city may become a more common social environment in which extreme weather unfolds."
721925,"Gabe Ignatow, University of North Texas; Nicholas Evangelopoulos, University of North Texas; Konstantinos Zougris, University of North Texas","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Social Psychology Paper Session. Computational Social Science and Studying Social Behavior,Topic Modeling with Sentiment Evaluation for Analysis of Opinion Polarization,Section,"In this paper we present a new text analysis technique, topic modeling with sentiment evaluation (TMSE), that can compare the degree of polarization of topics across multiple large text samples. We demonstrate TMSE by analyzing reactions to the Trayvon Martin controversy in spring 2012 by commenters on two partisan news websites. Based on studies of news media as an ""outrage industry"" and of political pundit inaccuracy, we predict that high-profile commentators (in this case Geraldo Rivera) will be more polarizing than other news personalities and topics. Results of the TMSE analysis support this prediction."
721928,"Brea Louise Perry, University of Kentucky","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Social Psychology Paper Session. Biosocial Contributions to Social Structure and Person Research,"Social Integration, Genetics, and Substance Use Disorders: How Gender Gets under the Skin",Section,"For decades, the distinction between sex and gender has served to delineate the domains of biology and social science, creating an intellectual space for the study of socially constructed difference and inequality. However, gender is increasingly being emphasized in biomedical research, and evidence that social and biological processes are intertwined in producing health and human behavior is rapidly accumulating. The present study utilizes innovative feminist approaches to sex, shifting the analytic lens to the ways in which gender moderates biological processes through social psychological processes and unequal social relations. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), the influence of gender, social integration, and genotype on three substance use disorders is examined. Three-way interaction models reveal gender-specific moderation of genetic risk by social experiences. Namely, higher levels of social integration into families and communities are predictive of reduced risk of tobacco, alcohol, and drug dependence among men with the high-risk genotype. Conversely, there is no protective effect for women with the high-risk genotype, reflecting the disproportionate dualism (i.e. simultaneous costs and benefits) inherent in social integration for women. These findings contest the notion of genetic corporeality as a reflection of biological sex differences that exist apart from economic, political, and cultural systems of inequality."
721929,"Michele Darling, University of Virginia","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"It Wouldn't Affect Me, But I Could Be Outraged: Influence of Consumption on Taxpayer Consent",Roundtable,"The government has many strategies it can use in an attempt to influence what people buy and consume, including the imposition of excise taxes on undesirable products.  However, excise taxes on products seen as highly personal and individualized, such as food and drinks, are highly contentious, and consent for such taxes is difficult to obtain.  Using concepts from New Fiscal Sociology, this paper considers the relationship between consumption patterns and consent for an excise tax on junk food.  Rationality would dictate that those consumers who eat junk food should be anti-tax because they will bear the brunt of the increased cost, and those who avoid junk food should be ambivalent because it doesn't affect them either way.   Semi-structured interviews with over 77 adult consumers revealed that the level of consent for a junk food tax was inversely related to the amount of junk food consumed, with the people who eat the least amount of junk food the most vehemently in favor of the tax. In addition, three main categories of junk food consumers emerged, with varying degrees of alignment between what they said about food and what they actually ate. How people create their own definitions for what they consider to be junk food, and how they understand their own patterns of consumption, informs broader questions of the relationship between taxpayers and the state."
721930,"Jennifer S. Singh, Georgia Institute of Technology","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Science 2,Genomic Styles of Thought in Autism Research,Regular,"This paper investigates a new genomic style of thought that has emerged over the last 10 years within the autism research community. Based on interviews with scientists conducting autism genetics research (N=20) and an analysis of scientific articles, this paper maps out the shifts in genomic styles of thought from autism as caused by a few specific heritable genes to the current focus that investigates rare genomic mutations that are spontaneously acquired. Drawing on Ludwick Fleck’s notion of thought styles and communities, I argue that the confluence of specific social, cultural, and political processes contributed to a new genomic style of thought within autism genetics research. These processes involved the enhanced funding and political support for research on autism genetics, the pressure for scientists to produce genetic knowledge of autism in the wake of failing to find specific genes, and the emergence of genomic technologies that magnified the human genome. Further, I contend that this new way of seeing, practicing and thinking of autism through a magnified genomic gaze is based on the constrained thought style that genetics is the underlying cause of autism. To this end, I provide a sociological analysis of how scientists are imagining the future of autism at the genomic level using advanced bioinformatics systems software that map gene regulatory networks. This paper exemplifies how current scientific interpretations of autism are very much driven by the values and priorities of scientists and public and private funding agencies to focus on the genetic etiology of autism."
721931,"Alexandra Wicht, University of Siegen; Wolfgang Ludwig-Mayerhofer, Unviersity of Siegen","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Impact of Neighborhoods and Schools on Young People’s Occupational Aspirations,Roundtable,"In this paper we examine young Germans’ occupational aspirations and the significance of neighborhoods and schools in explaining these aspirations. We aim to show (i) which of the two contexts is more significant in this regard and (ii) by which mechanisms characteristics of these contexts become relevant for youths’ actions or, more precisely, anticipated actions. We conduct our analyses by means of multilevel models. Merging data from Germany’s National Educational Panel Study on 9th grade students with micro-geographic data on residential quarters allows us to consider characteristics of the micro- as well as the meso- and macro-levels. The results show that the school context is considerably more influential on young people’s aspirations than the neighborhoods where they live. This probably reflects the selection of young people into different school types that is characteristic of Germany, a country with a highly stratified school system. Schools do not only shape youths’ career expectations, they are also important places of secondary socialization in that they have an impact on youths’ preferences for particular occupations. Furthermore, we found evidence that the social pressure to aspire high status occupations varies by social composition of the school as well as of the neighborhood context; the effect of neighborhoods, however, is rather weak."
721932,"Rachel Marie Schmitz, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Student Forum Paper Session. Choice, Morality, and (Neo)Liberalism",Reshaping Constructions of Men as Fathers: A Content Analysis of Formulations of Fatherhood in Parenting Magazines,Section,"Contemporary ideologies of fatherhood continue to reflect the importance of instrumental support breadwinning men provide their children. However, there has also been an increased emphasis on the expressive and nurturing care of fathers as well. Despite this growing focus on men as fathers in media and popular opinion, there remains a paucity of scholarly research on analytical depictions of fatherhood. This content analysis fills a gap in the literature through an exploration of popular portrayals of fatherhood as conceptualized in articles (n = 50) from five well-circulated parenting magazines in the United States. Depictions of fathers predominantly fell into categories supportive of hegemonic masculinity that emphasized men’s masculine identities as overshadowing their roles as parents. Additionally, men were often cast in ambiguous parenting situations where they struggled to establish their legitimacy as parents. Finally, many articles revolved around men’s pathways to and struggles with fatherhood. Fathers who internalize these portrayals of fatherhood from popular media may be less likely to view themselves as legitimate parents if they do not see themselves positively represented in generalist parenting depictions."
721933,"Brea Louise Perry, University of Kentucky; Bernice A. Pescosolido, Indiana University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Mental Health,Social Network Activation: The Role of Health Discussion Partners in Recovery from Mental Illness,Regular,"In response to health problems, individuals may strategically activate their social network ties to help manage crisis and uncertainty. Guided by the Network Episode Model, two aspects of consulting others in the face of mental illness are considered.  First, we ask who activates ties, and what kinds of ties and networks they attempt to leverage for discussing health matters. Second, we examine the consequences of network activation at time of entry into treatment for individuals’ quality of life, social satisfaction, ability to perform social roles, and mental health functioning nearly one year later. Using interview data from the longitudinal Indianapolis Network Mental Health Study (INMHS, N=171), we focus on a sample of patients experiencing their first contact with the mental health treatment system. Three findings stand out.  First, our results reveal the nature of agency in illness response. Whether under a rational choice or habitus logic, individuals evaluate support needs, identifying the best possible matches among a larger group of potential health discussants. Second, selective activation processes have implications for recovery. Those who secure adequate network resources report better outcomes than those who injudiciously activate network ties. Individuals who activate weaker ties that are unsupportive of medical care experience poorer functioning, limited success in social roles, and lower social satisfaction and quality of life later on. Third, the evidence suggests that social networks matter above and beyond the influence of any particular individual or relationship. People whose networks can be characterized as having a pro-medical culture report better recovery outcomes."
721938,"Preethi Krishnan, Purdue University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Associating with Hegemonic Masculinity: Women Perpetuating Violence Against Women,Roundtable,"Hegemonic masculinity is defined as a configuration of practices that seeks to uphold men’s domination and women’s subordination. However, very few studies have examined masculinities without men. Hegemonic masculinity has often been used to understand men’s role in domestic violence cases where they inflict violence against women. However, domestic violence cases in India provide a unique scenario where women inflict violence against other women. Even the domestic violence laws in India identify the husband’s relatives – including the mother-in-law – as potential perpetrators of violence against women. Using archival data on 164 domestic violence cases in India(Supreme Court) for the period 1995-2011, I examine how women engage in practices that uphold men’s domination over women, thus practicing hegemonic masculinity. Three themes emerged from the data. First, older women engage in associative hegemonic masculinity where they sustain their power by associating with men in their families, particularly their sons. Second, some women engaged in active or passive complicity to hegemonic masculinity by silently supporting these practices. Finally some women protested against hegemonic masculinity in their families by associating with other masculine forces such as the law and the state. These findings have implications for theory and practice. First, at the theoretical level, the analysis points to a broader understanding of hegemonic masculinity which legitimizes all forms of power inequality. This study has implications for gender as a theory of action by examining gender transgressions (such as the actions of the older women in Indian families) with a reflective understanding of power."
721941,"Philip Schwadel, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Christopher Garneau, University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Birth Cohort Changes in the Effects of Social Class on Political Tolerance,Roundtable,"Political tolerance—the willingness to extend civil liberties to traditionally stigmatized groups such as atheists, communists, and gays and lesbians—is pivotal to the functioning of democracy and the wellbeing of members of stigmatized groups. Of the myriad factors that predict tolerance toward outgroups, social class continues to be especially significant. We investigate changes in the impact of social class on support for extending civic liberties to outgroups during a time of increasing tolerance towards stigmatized groups. We argue that while political tolerance was once a view more commonly held by American elites, the willingness to extend civil liberties to stigmatized groups has diffused across the populace, mitigating the relevance of social class in predicting tolerance. Using age-period-cohort models and more than three and a half decades of repeated cross-sectional survey data, we find a persistent and robust decline in the importance of both income and education in determining levels of political tolerance. Additionally, we find that this decline in the effect of social class on political tolerance occurs across birth cohorts rather than time periods. Our findings speak to larger theoretical discussions of changes in public opinion through the processes of cultural diffusion and cohort replacement."
721942,"Emily Fairchild, New College of Florida; Liz Gregg, University of North Florida","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Sport,Femininity on the Field: Women Athletes’ Appearance Preferences during Competition and the Feminine/Athlete Paradox,Regular,"This article uses survey data from 145 Division I collegiate women athletes to examine appearance preferences with a focus on athleticism and femininity while competing. This research adds to existing literature that has identified the “feminine/athlete paradox” –wherein women athletes confront conflicting expectations associated with these roles– with attention to how the women want to appear “on the field.” While we find that athletes desire to appear athletic while competing, we also find a strong preference to appear feminine. This desire for femininity on the field is telling regarding the power of appearance expectations for women that carry over into athletic competition, a context defined in opposition to femininity. We discuss the implications of these findings, as well as differences by sport and the effects of gender, sexuality, and race on preference to appear athletic, feminine, and masculine."
721944,"Junhow Wei, University of Pennsylvania","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Emotions Paper Session. New Directions in the Sociology of Emotion,Mass Media and the Localization of Emotional Performance:  The Case of China’s Next Top Model,Section,"Few studies have explored the relationship between globalization and emotional expression.  One prominent means through which physical forms of emotional display circulate globally is through the mass media, and specifically through the reality television format trade.  Whether local people can successfully perform global forms of emotional display depends, in part, on how local audiences receive their performances.  Global forms might convey meanings that conflict with local public values or media regulators’ ideologies.  Mass media producers play a key role in facilitating audience approval by managing the meanings of emotional displays through their directorial and editorial choices.  I describe three strategies producers use to present such emotional displays so that their meanings align with local ideologies and cultural values, (1) define what caused the feelings that led to the emotional display as culturally appropriate, (2) frame the emotional display as not reflecting the performers’ true feelings, and (3) ensure that the performers’ feelings are resolved within the show’s narrative in an appropriate manner.  Producers’ strategies are mechanisms through which global formats and local culture jointly shape mass mediated emotional performances."
721945,"Nicole Etherington, University of Western Ontario; Andrea E. Willson, University of Western Ontario; Kim Shuey, University of Western Ontario","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Aging and the Life Course Roundtable Session,Gender Differences in the Effects of Childhood Economic Hardship on Health,Roundtable,"Health disparities among women and men in mortality and morbidity rates are well-documented, and there is longstanding debate surrounding the nature of these apparent gender differences.  This study advances research on gender differences in health by conceptualizing childhood economic context as a dynamic process that may affect health in adulthood differently for men and women.  Using the multi-generational design of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, which allows us to use data on childhood socioeconomic environment provided prospectively by parents at the time the child was in the parental home, we examine gender differences in the effect of childhood economic hardship on multiple adult health outcomes, as well as gender differences in the role of educational attainment in mediating the relationship between childhood economic hardship and adult health.  The findings demonstrate, for example, that in midlife, men and women experience diabetes and high blood pressure, two of the most important diseases impacting long-term health, at similar rates.  However, the social processes leading to these diseases are quite different for men and women; overall, women’s health is vulnerable to the effects of any sustained experience of economic hardship in childhood, while for men, only long-term economic hardship predicts diabetes and high blood pressure.  In addition, higher education does not mediate the relationship between childhood economic hardship and these health outcomes as it does for men."
721947,"Thomas E. Shriver, North Carolina State University; Alison E. Adams, University of Florida; Stefano B. Longo, North Carolina State University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Paper Session. Open Topic 2,Coal and the Environment: Confronting the Treadmill of Production in North Bohemia,Section,"The treadmill of production framework has contributed extensively to our understanding of environmental degradation, yet most analyses have been limited to Western liberal-democracies.  In this paper, we extend treadmill theory by examining the coal industry and its resultant environmental devastation in the North Bohemian region of Communist Czechoslovakia.  We analyze how the state promoted unlimited production expansion and the methods it used to suppress public environmental concern. Using a range of data sources, we examine how the treadmill of production functions in political settings where state repression directly impedes the counterweight of citizen activism. Our findings illustrate the applicability of treadmill theory outside of Western liberal-democracies, but also demonstrate the importance of examining issues of power and legitimacy among growth coalition actors across distinct political and economic settings. Findings also show that environmental threats can be salient aspects of the political opportunity structure, particularly when pollution is the result of state directives.  We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on the treadmill of production, elite legitimation and citizen response."
721948,"Jill Lindsey Harrison, University of Colorado-Boulder; Christina Getz, University of California-Berkeley","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Firm Size and Job Rewards in Agriculture: A Mixed-Methods Study of Farm Work,Roundtable,"Research on the relationship between firm size and job rewards plays an important role in sociological research on the relationships between organizations and stratification. Yet the factors driving these patterns are not well understood. Additionally, scholars have not yet applied this analysis to the agricultural sector, despite the fact that it is a primary site of employment for millions of low-wage workers in the United States alone. In this paper, we ask: What is the relationship between farm size and job rewards for hired farm workers, and what causes that relationship? Drawing on two mixed-methods case studies, we find that large farms offer many job rewards that small farms do not. We explain that this stems not only from economies of scale and other factors that scholars have noted, but also employers’ and their peers’ classed identities and aspirations, as well as farmers’ and immigrant workers’ fears of immigration enforcement."
721949,"Claire Whitlinger, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Collective Memory,Explaining Moments of Multivocality: Commemorating the the “Mississippi Burning” Murders,Regular,"Typologies of commemorative outcomes have largely crystalized around two approaches for addressing difficult pasts: fragmented and multivocal commemoration. Explanatory models meant to predict variation in these commemorative outcomes, however, may be ill suited in cases with long intervals between an event and its commemoration. This in-depth case study of the commemorations of the 1964 “Mississippi Burning” murders over the course of 50 years identifies two instances of commemoration—the 25th and 40th anniversaries—that fit the description of multivocal commemoration but not the causal factors associated with it. Using archival sources, media accounts, and interview data, this study traces the emergence of these two multivocal commemorations and finds that multivocal commemoration may emerge in divisive political contexts when the commemorated pasts becomes relevant—often through external forces—and strong agents of memory are able to maintain compromise and coalitions across diverse audiences."
721951,"Peter Joseph Loebach, University of Utah; Julie Stewart, Westminster College","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on International Migration Paper Session. International Migration and Development,Space and a Damaged Place: Migrant Transnational Engagement Following the Guinsaugon Landslide Disaster,Section,"This study utilizes a range of qualitative data sources to investigate migrant transnational activity occurring in response to a landslide disaster event that affected the Philippine village of Guinsaugon in February, 2006. The disaster provoked multiple responses from village emigrants.  A first wave of migrants returned to assist kin members directly affected by the disaster.  A second wave of migrants arrived between one week and three months following the disaster to assist the community as a whole.  One aiding organization was formed by returned migrants who organized in their home community following the disaster.  The ATHena Project: Advocacy for Transparency and Honesty was a civil society organization that promoted accountability in the donation distribution process and also initiated political change.   I conclude with the following propositions regarding environmentally precipitated migrant transnationalism:   A spike in migrant transnational activities occurs following large disasters in migrant communities, manifested in a rise in remittances, and in an increase in activities performed by migrant transnational organizations.  This rise in transnational engagement is followed by a decline once the acute phase of the disaster recovery phase is over.  Finally, I argue disaster events should be noted as one type of ‘critical juncture’ in which an induced increase in migrant transnationalism combined with unstable conditions may result in socio-political change."
721953,"Candrianna Clem, Purdue University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,When is Reading Fundamental?  The Impact of Status Distinctions on Digital Reading and Academic Achievement,Roundtable,"In this article I draw on insights from the study of learning analytics and digital social inequality to examine the degree to which digital reading patterns may influence student achievement across race, gender and age groups.  Specifically, I build on work that suggests that Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital includes a digital dimension that can be situated within broad theories of inequality in education. E-textbook usage may influence academic achievement directly because of it is indicative of course engagement, but the strength and direction of this relationship may also be influenced indirectly through race, gender and age group differences.  I explore the following question:  What are the digital reading patterns of students across race, gender and age cohorts? And second, to what extent does race, gender, and age moderate the relationship between e-textbook engagement and academic achievement?  I analyze textbook analytics data of real-time e-textbook reading behavior in a sample of college students across various academic disciplines. Using ordinal logistic regression models with interaction terms, I will show how the relationship between digital reading patterns on academic achievement differs by race, gender and age.  I expect to see changes in the direction and strength of the relationship between e-textbook engagement and academic achievement based on race, gender and age group differences."
721954,"William M. McGuigan, Pennsylvania State University; Jack Luchette, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango; Roxanne Atterholt, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Examining Violent Behavior in Incarcerated Adolescent Males,Roundtable,"This exploratory study used anonymous self-reports with established measures to investigate if childhood physical neglect impacted violent behavior of 85 random incarcerated males between 12 - 19 years of age at a private detention facility. Most were African American (58%) or White non-Hispanic (20%) from low income single parent homes. The dependent variable in a hierarchical regression was a 4-item index of adolescent violent behavior (α = .61) that loaded on one component in factor analysis ( >.53). Block one included age; race; self-esteem; self-efficacy; and depression scales. None were significantly related to adolescent violent behavior. Block two added a 10-item history of chemical drug use (α = .79). Controlling for block one variables, chemical drug use significantly explained 30.7% of the variance in adolescent violent behavior (R2 = .307, p < .001).  A childhood history of physical neglect in block three was measured by a five-item index (α = .88). Twenty-five (29.4%) of the 85 incarcerated adolescents had experienced physical neglect but no other maltreatment. The remaining 60 subjects had either experienced no type of maltreatment, physical or psychological maltreatment, or a combination of maltreatment types. Experiencing only childhood physical neglect raised the explained variance in adolescent violent behavior to 48.4% (R-square = .484, p < .001). Unstandardized beta coefficients showed childhood physical neglect was the strongest predictor of violent behavior in this sample. A colorful and informative poster designed to stimulate inquiry includes introduction, methods, and results sections, with tables, shortcomings, application, and suggestions for future research."
721955,"Daisy Angelica Gonzales, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Institutional Change and Bureaucracies: The Back Door in California,Roundtable,"In the worst recession since the great depression, California’s historic leadership of innovation and investment was replaced with budget reductions and the elimination of services and programs for low-income families and children. What emerged in 2008 was the implementation of Budget Stakeholder Workgroups (BSWs) by the California Legislature, a process that is still used today. The BSW phenomena is conceived of as an alternative budgetary process that grants non-traditional stakeholders such as service recipients a seat at the table of California’s budgetary decision-making process. The inclusion of non-traditional stakeholders is occurring at the same time that BSWs have become the venue to develop and implement large department reductions and eliminations, specifically in the Health and Human Services arena. This study considers the historical evolution of California’s BSWs through the Health and Human Services budgetary process and their impact on the institution. Expanding the field of institutional change, through interviews with administrators, legislative staff and members, lobbyist and advocates, this study addresses the issue of institutional change within a public bureaucratic institution. Unlike new institutionalism, this study demonstrates that institutional change is a process beyond conformity and acknowledges the agency of individuals during tough economic times. Gradual institutional change is forced on this bureaucratic institution by a budget crisis that grants non-traditional stakeholders temporary access. Expanding sociological understandings of institutional change, this study advances bureaucracies as institutions that lead to more democratic organizations."
721956,"Sampson Lee Blair, State University of New York-Buffalo; Patricia Neff Claster, Edinboro University-Pennsylvania","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Children and Youth Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Adolescent Occupational Aspirations: An Examination of Changes in Girls' and Boys' Career Goals,Roundtable,"Previous studies on the occupational aspirations of adolescents have noted that female and male teens tend to have somewhat materialistic desires in regard to their future jobs and careers, yet girls and boys seem to have distinct career goals.  Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors (The Monitoring the Future Project), this study examines how such aspirations have varied over recent years, and how these have differed among boys and girls.  The responses of high school seniors are examined for each year from 1990 through 2010.  While adolescents do appear to have placed greater emphasis upon the extrinsic (e.g., income), intrinsic (e.g., self-satisfaction), and influence (e.g., authority) characteristics of future jobs, there has also been an increase in adolescents’ desires to obtain jobs great altruistic rewards (e.g., helping others).  Notable differences are also evident between the occupational aspirations of adolescent females and males, with teenage girls reporting a substantially stronger preference for obtaining a professional job, as compared to teenage boys.  Adolescent girls also appear to have a stronger preference for occupations which allow them the opportunity for both social and altruistic rewards.  The analyses are presented within the framework of a life-course paradigm, and the implications for both adolescent development and the structure of the paid labor force in the future are discussed."
721957,"Juan Fernandez, University Carlos III of Madrtid","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Paper Session. Conflict and Contestation in World Society,"Conflict and Religion in Global Culture: The Worldwide Liberalization of Abortion Legislation, 1945-2010",Section,"This paper incorporates recent theoretical contributions of field theory to the growing empirical research on policy diffusion. Diffusion research conventionally conceptualizes the supranational order as exerting only uniform and unidirectional pressures for reform. To overcome this restrictive perception, the paper characterizes the global cultural order as a competitive arena where supranational actors in different structural locations advance distinct, normative projects. The study focuses on the worldwide liberalization of induced abortion between 1945 and 2010 to explore the benefits of this latter approach. During this period, two global actors advanced two, coexistent and incompatible, interpretative frames of induced abortion: The “sanctity of life” frame, condemning abortion in all circumstances, proposed by the Catholic Church; and the “the public health” frame, underscoring the risk of unsafe, illegal abortions, advocated by the transnational family planning movement. Using event history methods, the study then examines if domestic exposure to these frames shapes the likelihood of abortion liberalization in 158 independent countries. The statistical analysis shows that the conflict between transnational frames on abortion proves consequential for domestic policy-making. Countries with an organization member of the International Planned Parenthood Federation are more likely to liberalize abortion under rape, fetal impairment, socioeconomic and on-demand grounds.  Additionally, countries where the Holy See devotes an exclusive apostolic delegate or nuncio are less likely to liberalize abortion under rape, fetal impairment or to pass any liberalization."
721960,"Hae Yeon Choo, University of Toronto","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Paper Session. The Business of Desire","Selling Fantasies of Rescue: Intimate Labor, Filipina Migrant Hostesses, and American GIs",Section,"Based on ethnographic research in an American military camptown in South Korea, this article examines camptown sexual commerce as a manifestation of shifting global hierarchies amid Asia’s economic ascendance and the decline of American hegemony. Challenging the dichotomous constructions of American GIs as powerful agents and of migrant club hostesses as trafficked victims, I highlight their shared conditions of “indentured mobility” (Parreñas 2011) as constrained subjects bound by migrant labor contracts in their quest for mobility. Revisiting the persisting power asymmetry between American GIs and migrant hostesses, my ethnography reveals the ways in which power differentials are deployed by hostesses and club owners as a resource to incite the discourse of benevolence and rescue that attracts American GI customers to the clubs. By engaging American military camptowns as a space of migrant encounter, this article illuminates how global geopolitics, uneven capitalist development, and transnational migration are entangled with intimacy, power, and emotions to shape intimate labor at a critical juncture of the changing global order."
721961,"Mahesh Somashekhar, Princeton University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Capital,"New Destinations, Transnational Spaces, and How Geographically Distant Social Ties Help the Least-Skilled Ethnic Entrepreneurs",Regular,"Ethnic entrepreneurship has long been seen as a potential means to economic and social mobility for immigrants. Whereas in the past ethnic entrepreneurship was presumed to occur through the mutual support of local co-ethnic communities, ethnic entrepreneurship can now be done through ties to co-ethnics abroad and in other immigrant gateways who can provide financing and supplies. Why would an ethnic entrepreneur choose an exchange partner far away when potential partners exist locally? Using data on a group of low-skilled Hispanic and African-American business owners, including the geographic location of their lenders and suppliers as well as the relationship they share with these lenders and suppliers, this paper shows that the least-skilled ethnic entrepreneurs are the most likely to be supported by geographically distant exchange partners. The least-skilled ethnic business owners are likely the most unattractive candidates for exchange locally, and they have the most to gain through the use of geographically distant social ties in which trust is well-developed. Although extra-local exchange partners may help sustain undercapitalized businesses, these geographically distant ties do not provide any competitive advantage in terms of profit. In conclusion, migration scholars, economic geographers, and social network analysts should take heed of the ways in which geography, social capital, and migration streams may intersect to produce unique entrepreneurship opportunities for low-skilled ethnic minorities, particularly in an era of transnational activity and migration to new immigrant destinations."
721962,"Krysti N. Ryan, University of California-Davis","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Parenthood 1,Parenting Outside the Gender Box: Raising the Gender-Nonconforming Child,Regular,"This research project uses semi-structured in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of parents who are raising and supporting gender-nonconforming children as they navigate social institutions which may be unsupportive of gender diversity. Using a sociology of family and care work perspective, I examine the ways in which the labor of parenting is uniquely exacerbated when caring for a child who does not adhere to the gender binary. This study is currently in the data gathering phase of research development with preliminary results expected by Summer 2014."
721963,"Megan Reid, National Development and Research Institutes; Andrew Golub, National Development and Research Institutes","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Families that Challenge and are Challenged by Our Times,Sliding and Deciding: Transitions to Cohabitation among Low-Income Black Mothers of Adolescents,Section,"We examine the transition to cohabitation and the “sliding” model of union formation by analyzing in-depth interview data collected from 15 low-income Black mothers of adolescents and their cohabiting partners.  In contrast with the sliding model, which suggests transitions to cohabitation are not deliberate, we find that children’s well-being plays a key role in mothers’ decisions to make the transition to cohabitation.  Though the transition is often gradual, our analysis suggests that, for this population, the gradual nature of the transition is due to mothers exercising caution and making decisions at each step of the process.  Mothers’ partners tend to understand that the children are a central part of the relationship formation process, and conform to what seem to be established social norms for this transition.  This suggests that cohabiting stepfamilies are becoming an institutionalized family form, and that cohabitation processes may vary substantially by subpopulation."
721966,"David R. Johnson, Rice University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Contested Professional Identities in Commercial Contexts of Academic Science,Roundtable,"Drawing on interviews with 61 commercialist and traditionalist scientists at four commercially-intensive universities, this article examines how the operation of financial rewards in the traditionally “pure” profession of science has created contested professional identities. The analysis examines the identity work behind adaptation to, and rejection of, the commercial role. I present the processes by which commercialists and traditionalists maintain a coherent self-identity in response to ongoing reminders of the questionable desirability of commercialization. In observing the ways in which scientists legitimate and disidentify with the commercial role, we gain an understanding of the specific processes which enable commitment to commercialist and traditionalist career paths. For sociologists of science, these findings have implications for how we conceptualize professional identity. For sociologists of professions, the findings have implications for how we think about the relationship between professional differentiation and dirty work."
721967,"Henk Roose, Ghent University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Paper Session. Cultural Consumption in a Changing World (co-sponsored with the Section on Consumers and Consumption),Signs of Emerging Cultural Capital? Analyzing Localised Symbolic Struggles using Class Specific Analysis,Section,"Central focus in this paper is to analyse empirically whether and how the monopoly and legitimacy of highbrow arts as a status marker varies across positions in the social space. Drawing on unique Flemish survey-data (n = 2,846) that include information on what cultural objects are consumed as well as on how these are appropriated, I construct a two-dimensional social space that relates cultural practices to positions in the social hierarchy through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (see Roose et al., 2012). Using Class Specific Analysis I look into the structuring principles within two age clusters (-25 and 55+) and try to get at the ways in which the distinguishing status and legitimacy of highbrow arts varies between different groups—hereby challenging the assumption that cultural classifications are equally salient to every social group—and explore localised symbolic struggles with reference to the structuring principles of the global space."
721971,"Brian Joseph Gillespie, Sonoma State University; Judith Treas, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Intergenerational Relationship in the United States,Adolescent Intergenerational Cohesiveness and Young Adult Proximity to Parents,Regular,"This paper considers how parent-child cohesion in adolescence relates to young adults’ geographic proximity to parents.  Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 2,736), ordered probit models the association between adolescents’ emotional closeness to parents and subsequent residential distance, controlling for key factors.  Young people “at risk” of living at a distance (i.e., who have moved out of the parental home) may be characterized by poorer relationships with parents.  To take account of potential selection bias, two-stage Heckit models address spatial proximity as it relates to the choice to live with parents.  At least for mothers, emotional closeness is robustly associated with later spatial proximity.  The finding holds controlling for family structure, which is often taken as proxy for relationship quality.  Although emotional closeness figures in the decision to leave home, we do not find that selection out of coresidence biases the results for geographic proximity."
721972,"Thomas P. Horejes, Gallaudet University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,Visual Classroom Ecology: Examining Visual Space and Visual-Spatial Intelligence,Roundtable,"This paper provides opportunity for me to share teaching lessons that I have learned from Gallaudet University, which is the world’s only Liberal Arts University that teaches predominantly Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing students – we are also a bilingual university – ASL and English.  Today I share with you my experiences as a deaf person but also as a professor of Sociology at Gallaudet to contribute to the Commons, that is, a sensorial aspect to the commons of SoTL including bottlenecks that arise in these sensorial commons. In this proposal, I describe the “sensory commons” that exist at Gallaudet, in our classrooms that have visual engagement front and center. Discussing the untapped knowledge about Deaf Space Ecology and visual-spatial intelligence becomes the lessons learned from Gallaudet as a possible contribution to SoTL as a whole and in our highly visual world."
721973,"Shannon Boepple, University of Northern Colorado","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Student Forum Roundtable Session.,Behind the Shield and Under the Sheets: Gendered Live Action Role Playing Games,Roundtable,"While previous research indicates that in some subcultures, female geeks are heralded for breaking into an otherwise male domain (e.g., science fiction), the same may not be true for Live Action Role Playing.  This paper examines how power, inequality, and gender navigated within a Live Action Role Playing Game. Through 12 weeks of participant observation and 10 in-depth interviews with LARP Amtgard members, results suggest that due to both gendered patriarchal norms and historical context surrounding role play during Medieval times, women have little access to power.  Due to their reduced power, women are more likely to be over sexualized and objectified.  These themes were present during accounts of in-game aspects, such as fighting and role playing. In every interview, both male and female participants brought up the topic of sexuality before it had been formally introduced. The results confirmed that women lack voice and power within Amtgard."
721975,"Sangyoub Park, Washburn University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Open Refereed Roundtable Session II,Promoting Critical Sociological Thinking by Employing Population Pyramids,Roundtable,"One of the most efficient ways to teach sociology is to incorporate “doing” sociology into sociology courses. When students have an opportunity to be exposed to firsthand sociological activities, they are more likely to have a better understanding with respect to sociology and their social world. At the same time, these hands-on exercises provide students with the opportunity to apply sociological concepts to their everyday lives. As a consequence, they should be able to cultivate and enhance the sociological imagination of recognizing the power of invisible social context to them. As doing sociology, deciphering population pyramids plays a crucial role in encouraging students to use their critical sociological thinking. Furthermore, this activity could bridge the gap between sociological thinking and statistical thinking."
721976,"John Heritage, University of California-Los Angeles","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Action and Epistemics,"Repetition in Action: Repair, Newsmarking, Registration, Extraction",Regular,"A substantial literature documents that a wide range of actions may be implemented through the use of repetition in interaction.  However there is a lack of systematic analysis that identifies the range of features of repetitions that are systemically associated with the formation of distinct conversational actions.  Focusing on contemporary CA theories of epistemics and response mobilization, and the role of grammatical form and intonation deployed in the implementation of distinctive knowledge claims and pursuit of response mobilization, this paper offers a systematic differentiation of four main classes of actions implemented through repetition: repair, news marking, registration and extraction.  It suggests that these are the main classes of actions implemented through repetition."
721980,"Kathryn Coursolle, University of Minnesota; Lara L. Cleveland, University of Minnesota; Steven Ruggles, University of Minnesota","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Variance Estimation in U.S. Census Data from 1960-2010,Roundtable,"Modern census microdata feature complex sample designs that are clustered within households and incorporate stratification. Yet, researchers often calculate standard errors utilizing methods designed for simple random samples. Variance estimates can differ dramatically adjusting for complex survey design clustering and stratification relative to estimates assuming simple random sampling. Examining potential differences in variance estimation in recent IPUMS-USA samples is essential because US census microdata are among the most heavily used data sources for social, historical, demographic, and policy research. This project uses decennial census data from 1960-2000 and American Community Survey data from 2004-2010 to compare standard errors under the assumptions of simple random sampling to estimates which adjust for clustering and stratification, and subsample replicate weights for recent ACS data.  We conclude by discussing potential implications of these techniques on statistical inference."
721981,"Rachael A. Woldoff, West Virginia University; Lisa Morrison, United Nations; Michael Glass, University of Pittsburgh","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Community,Home or Commodity? The Fight for the Right to Stay Put in New York,Regular,"When landlords and local governments convert housing from rent control to market rate, every facet of community life is affected, including the population composition of residents, relations among neighbors, and the physical environment of the space. This paper analyzes how the meaning of home has been transformed in one community through its recent transformation from rent-controlled to market-rate housing. Using the case study of New York City’s Stuyvesant Town (Stuy Town) and its sister development Peter Cooper Village, we show how a place that was once an affordable home for middle-class veterans and their families became a temporary destination for young urbanites seeking affordability, convenience, and luxury."
721982,"Cynthia J. Cranford, University of Toronto","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Care, Emotions, and the Self at Work",Conceptualizing Flexibility and Security: The Case of Immigrant Personal Home Care Workers,Regular,"Flexible work organization often results in labor market insecurity for workers, prompting some scholars to consider policies and organizational practices that support flexibility with security. This paper conceptualizes the potential for combining flexibility with security for workers through a comparison of immigrant women workers in two publicly-funded personal home care models. Most studies examine the relationship between flexibility and insecurity in the labor market. Immigrant workers, however, also face a more intimate insecurity of person linked to racialized relations in the daily labour process, as documented in studies of domestic work. This analysis finds that workers’ responses to micro-level racialization vary with social and organizational policies. In the Medical Model, where funding levels and social policies shape a decentralized and competitive work organization, employers’ pursuit of numerical flexibility results in the classic flexibility-security trade-off for workers documented in the literature. In this context, immigrant workers value labor market flexibility, despite the consequence of labor market insecurity, in order to avoid insecurity of person through racialized interactions. In the Independent Living Model, where social policies shape a more centralized and uncompetitive work organization, employers do not seek labor market flexibility, or permit it for recipients or workers. In this setting, workers do not value flexibility but instead draw on employer and union policies and supports to resist insecurity of person. The comparative analysis demonstrates the importance of conceptualizing the relationship between flexibility and security at multiple levels if we are to achieve flexibility with security for workers."
721983,"Stephanie Medley-Rath, Lake Land College","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Section on Teaching and Learning Roundtable Session,Improving Access To Higher Education via Open Education Resources,Roundtable,"Previous sociological research has not studied the effectiveness of open education resources (OER) on student learning. Research is mixed on student success rates and satisfaction in online courses compared to face to face (F2F) courses, though the most recent research shows similar rates of student success and satisfaction. A gap in the literature remains, however, regarding how both the method of instruction (online or F2F) and type of textbook (OER or traditional) impacts student learning outcomes. Preliminary results suggest that online students using OER and F@F students using traditional textbooks earn the highest grades, while also reporting to do the most reading. These preliminary findings will be further tested during the Spring 2014 semester."
721988,"Phillip B. Gonzales, University of New Mexico","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Ethnic, Racial, and Other Social Group Formations among Latinos/as in the United States","Hispano Nation:  The Politics of Nuevomexicano Identity, 1880-1912",Regular,"Ethnic sub-nationalism has frequently arisen  among groups that have been conquered/annexed by a neighboring country.   The construction of peoplehood has led to three major types of ethnic politics:  secession/independence, regional autonomy, and subnational constitutionalism (the federal unit awarding  rights of inclusion and participation to the conquered group).  Academics hold that in the United States no ethnic group has been thought of like the Quebecois, Scots, Flemings, and others who established themselves with corporate self-consciousness and the capacity to establish their distinctive ethno-political rights. This paper points to one colonized ethnic group in American history that both constructed an identity of ethnic subnationalism and used it in order to generate a successful politics of federated ethnicity.  It was the Nuevomexicanos (Mexican Americans native to New Mexico) who constructed their own sense of nation based on their identity as “Spanish-Americans” or “Hispanos” starting in the 1870s, some three decades after they were conquered by the United States in the so-called Mexican-American War, 1846-48.  Through their public relations campaign that effectively established their birth rights to their native land, Nuevomexicano activists mounted a successful movement to have New Mexico’s 1910 state constitution include special provisions for their “people’s” right to civic, electoral and educational inclusion and participation (subnational constitutionalism), thereby reinforcing their distinctive cultural heritage and their loyalty to the United States."
721989,"Nathaniel Burke, University of Southern California","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Dude, We’re All Fags: Hegemonic Masculinity in the Gay Adult Film Industry",Roundtable,"Existing research shows how the specter of homosexuality operates as a mechanism to police the borders of masculinity.  This research extends previous theories by interrogating how homophobic discourses operate within homosocial, homosexual spaces.  Based on ten months of participant-observation in the casting and filming division of a gay male adult film studio, I find that gendered boundary work polices masculinity through hiring decisions and directions given during filming.  These data show that boundary work operates through hiring practices and interaction, and that the logic of the “fag discourse” rests on a femiphobic discourse deployed in gay-male spaces.  The femiphobic discourse as an organizing mechanism of masculinity contributes to analyses of gendered boundary work by highlighting the multiciplicity of logics of domination and processes through which they occur.  Through analysis of this process, I introduce the concept of “nesting hegemonies” – logics and processes of within-group domination through imitation of hegemonic forms."
721990,"Christina A. Ergas, University of Oregon","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Working Toward Urban Sustainability: Comparing Two Cases,Roundtable,"In this chapter, I compare two potential routes toward urban sustainability, which employ different approaches, assessing the barriers in each context. Cuba and the United States have different goals and policies related to sustainable development and take very different actions.  The effort toward sustainability in Cuba exemplifies a top-down regulatory approach that, rather than mandating urban agriculture efforts, includes incentives for individuals to develop their own programs.  Sustainable development in the Cuban context is approached through an emphasis on meeting material human needs. While it is state initiated, the creativity and investment in these projects come from local residents. Sustainable development in the U.S. context takes form through partnerships between government and business that possess an economistic worldview, one that deemphasizes the role of the state and celebrates the market’s invisible hand.  The case I explore in the U.S. exemplifies a grassroots, bottom-up approach toward sustainability, where many of the goals run counter to entrenched legal institutions, social values, and economic regimes.  They often find themselves in opposition to institutionalized consumerism, liberal individualism, market-strategies, and town and country dichotomies.  In both cases, they are engaged in a civil society, trying to accomplish their goals within structural and cultural barriers."
721992,"Daniel Schneider, University of California-Irvine; Belinda Robnett, University of California-Irvine","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Black and White Voter Turnout and the Importance of Social-psychological Capital,Roundtable,"This paper examines what factors most influence whites’ and blacks’ voting behavior in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. We test three major theoretical explanations of voter participation: human capital, social capital, and social-psychological capital.  Although racial disparity in political participation is fairly well worn territory, social scientists have yet to understand electoral participation when these disparities are nullified or even reversed (as in the 2012 elections).  Using data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 (before and after the 2012 elections) of the Outlook on Life Survey, we probe the voter participation of African-American and white respondents during the election and re-election of President Barack Obama.  We find that although human capital deficiencies and social capital assets continue to affect the voter turnout of U.S. blacks and whites, strong social-psychological capital is also a significant predictor of voter turnout. Different aspects of social-psychological capital matter to blacks and whites. For blacks feelings of efficacy largely explain why they showed up to the polls in such strong numbers and eclipsed white voter participation. In contrast, feelings of efficacy did not predict white voter participation. Rather, an interest in politics drove them to vote."
721993,"Nicole Dolores Kravitz-Wirtz, University of Washington","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Community and Urban Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Neighborhood Effects on Health and Health Inequalities Over the Life Course and Across Generations,Roundtable,"Previous research has linked characteristics of neighborhoods, particularly concentrated poverty, to numerous health-related outcomes. This work has generally relied on cross-sectional data in which neighborhood-health effects are assumed, at least implicitly, to be instantaneous and equivalent across the lifecourse.  However, to the extent that these effects are more or less consequential during sensitive periods of development or accumulate over time, as theory in fact suggests, point-in-time measurements may substantially underestimate the lasting effects of time-sensitive or long-term exposure to neighborhood disadvantage earlier in life. This study utilizes over 40 years of multilevel, longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to investigate effects of timing and duration of exposure to neighborhood disadvantage, measured annually throughout the child and adolescent lifecourse (ages 0-17), on health and health inequalities in early-to-mid-adulthood (ages 18-44). Marginal structural models with inverse-probability-of-treatment (IPT) weighting are used to adjust for confounding by time-varying factors. The IPT-weighted estimates indicate average causal effects of exposure to neighborhood disadvantage during three developmental periods (ages 0-5, 6-11 and 12-17) and cumulatively from ages 0 to 17 on various adult health outcomes, including self-rated health, body mass index, behaviors such as exercise, smoking and alcohol use, 30-day distress and 12-month depression, as well as the birthweight of female respondents’ first child. Findings offer more nuanced insights into when and how neighborhood disadvantage early in life affects long-term health and health inequalities in ways that are eclipsed if neighborhoods are measured only once or over just a short period."
721994,"Kathleen J. Fitzgerald, Loyola University-New Orleans","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Black, White, Red and Blue: American Politics of Reproduction",Feminist and Sociological Perspectives on Race and Reproductive Justice,Regular,"While the discussions of race and reproductive justice are not new, the proliferation of anti-choice billboards that declare abortion to be black genocide, a black holocaust, or even “womb lynching” have revived such conversations.  In this paper, I am going to discuss some historical parallels to the “abortion is genocide” campaign, which includes a discussion of limiting women’s reproductive freedoms as an essential part of the subordination of women.  I then discuss cultural images of black women as mothers and how these relate to the current campaign. Finally, I explore three related issues often overlooked by abortion opponents:  the economy, access to healthcare, and access to contraception."
721995,"Karen Z. Kramer, University of Illinois; Amit Kramer, University of Illinois","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"At-Home-Father Families in the U.S.: The Role of Gender Role Attitudes, Human Capital, and Unemployment",Roundtable,"We suggest that the rising population of stay-at-home father families is driven by changing gender role attitudes, relative human capital of the spouses, and economic conditions. We make a distinction between unable-to-work and caregiving stay-at-home father families. When unemployment rates increase male spouses lose their employment and female spouses become the sole earners in unable-to-work stay-at-home father families. The proportion of caregiving stay-at-home father families is unrelated to the unemployment rate but increases over time due to changing gender role attitudes at the societal level. In addition, the growing gender education gap in favor of women makes human capital differences within couples a crucial factor in decision-making about dividing responsibilities for paid-work and caregiving. We test these propositions using the Current Population Survey and the General Social Survey data from 1972-2012. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regressions we find that changing gender role attitudes have a strong effect on the probability of families choosing a caregiving stay-at-home father work and care arrangement and a weak effect on families choosing an unable-to-work stay-at-home father work and care arrangement. Unemployment rates are associated with a growing proportion of unable-to-work stay-at-home fathers but not caregiving stay-at-home fathers. Educational gap within couples is associated with a greater probability of a household becoming both caregiving and unable-to-work stay-at-home father household."
721996,"Ha Ngoc Trinh, University of Utah; Kim M. Korinek, University of Utah","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Ethnic Disparities in Prenatal Care Adequacy in Vietnam: An Analysis of Change,Roundtable,"This study examines ethnic disparities in adequate use of prenatal care as the combination of three patterns, initiation of care, continuation of care and care provider in Vietnam and how these disparities change in five year period. The Vietnam Demographic and Health Surveys in 1997 and 2002 were employed to explore the individual-, household-, and community factors influencing the choice of adequate prenatal care besides ethnicity. Women with single, live births were selected from the 1997 and 2002 survey (N = 1,070 and 1,008, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression results showed that ethnicity (ethnic majority or minority) did not account for adequate use of prenatal care. In fact choice of care depends on other individual-, household-, and community factors. Parity of one or two children and having piped water as source of drinking water consistently predicted adequate prenatal care. Results from two surveys revealed some variations and changes of determinants of prenatal care adequacy. In 1997 having more than three valuable assets, being urban resident and living in Mekong River Delta and Southeast encouraged choice of adequate care. In 2002 education attainment and media exposure influenced adequacy of prenatal care but residents of Mekong River Delta and Southeast were at risk of inadequate care. These findings highlighted that the disparities created by remoteness and wealth might predict adequate use of prenatal care in 1997. However, five years of sustainable economic growth might bring about some other socioeconomic factors that challenged the adequacy of prenatal care utilization."
721998,"Ilana Umansky, Stanford University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Tracking by English Proficiency? English Learner Students’ Access to Core Content in Middle and High School,Roundtable,"The goal of classifying students based on English language ability is to ensure that students that are not proficient in English receive the educational services and resources they need in order to have full access to educational content. The English learner (EL) classification brings with it access to specialized classes, methodologies, teachers, and pull-out instruction. Yet increasingly researchers are finding that students classified as English learners may also face barred access to educational opportunities, including advanced level coursework, full course-loads, college-preparatory classes, and electives. This paper describes English learner course-taking patterns in one large school district in California and uses rigorous causal methods to test whether EL students have differential access to middle and high school academic courses compared with non-EL students."
721999,"Rebecca Trammell, Metropolitan State University-Denver; Jennifer Raby, Metropolitan State University-Denver; Alexandra Anderson, Metropolitan State University-Denver; Shannon Hampton, Metropolitan State University-Denver; Travis Stickney, Metropolitan State University-Denver","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Maintaining Order and Following the Rules: Gender Differences in Punishing Inmate Misconduct,Roundtable,"For this paper, we examine gender differences in how staff members address inmate misconduct.  Using in-depth interviews with forty-three correctional employees, we focus on how their various disciplinary styles create interpersonal conflict between staff members.  We find that over half of interviewees are identified as “formal responders” who consistently punish inmate misconduct with formal sanctions, even if doing so creates conflict within the organization. However, female formal responders also claim that they work closely with male inmates to explain the importance of following the rules.  They state that this puts them at odds with their male coworkers who misinterpret this behavior as instigating sexual relationships."
722000,"Alex E. Bierman, University of Calgary","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Life Course,Reconsidering the Relationship between Age and Financial Strain among Older Adults,Regular,"Research shows that financial strain is detrimental to the well-being of older adults, but research does not clearly indicate whether financial strain changes with age in late life.  We argue that the relationship between age and financial strain is obscured by birth cohort effects, selection effects, and contrasts in the relationship across core social statuses.  Growth curve analyses of a longitudinal survey of older adults show that age is positively related to financial strain, but this relationship is masked by a negative effect of birth cohort.  The positive relationship between age and financial strain is substantially stronger among elders with lower levels of education and women.  Selection appears to have little influence on analyses of the age-strain relationship.  This research contributes to a sociological understanding of aging and health by showing that many older adults are increasingly exposed to a pernicious socioeconomic stressor as they age."
722002,"Kathleen J. Fitzgerald, Loyola University-New Orleans","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Regular Session. Race and Ethnicity: Race, Ancestry, and Genetics",Reifying Race: Genetic Genealogy and the Maintenance of the Racial Hierarchy,Regular,"Reifying Race: Genetic Genealogy and the Maintenance of the Racial Hierarchy  Abstract  This paper explores the ways individuals that engage in genetic ancestry testing reify race.  Through fifteen interviews and a year-long observation of a genetic genealogy discussion board, I find that instead of challenging our racial hierarchy, interpretations of the results of genetic genealogy tests ultimately reinforces our understandings of race. In my research, test results almost never challenge how subjects see themselves in racial/ethnic terms. Test results do, however, reinforce Eurocentrism, as individuals find themselves excited about more nuanced understandings of their already known white ancestry (for instance, instead of seeing themselves as Scottish, they now describe themselves as “Orcadian,” referring to islands off of Northern Scotland)."
722005,"Laura K. Mauldin, University of Connecticut","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Paper Session. Hard Times for Families in Hard Social Spaces,Culture Keeping and Raising a Child with a Disability,Section,"This paper takes Jacobsen's (2008) concept of culture keeping in international adoption and applies it to raising a child with a disability. By framing disability as a social difference (not an illness or strictly a medical problem) and using the concept of culture keeping, the purpose of this paper is to expand narratives available to parents who are raising a child with a disability, push the concept of disability in the family beyond health concerns, and challenges dominant notions of disability as a purely a medical phenomenon and instead as a category of analysis."
722007,"Jamie Lynn Oslawski-Lopez, Indiana University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Who is (Not) Doing the Housework? Dual-Earner Families, Outsourcing, and Work-Family Balance",Roundtable,"This research investigates the trend of outsourcing household labor. Using a sample of dual-earner mothers from The 500 Family Study Parent Data (N=330), this study tests the relationship between five categories of individual and family characteristics and the likelihood of outsourcing household labor. The findings show that household income, women’s proportional income, and women’s education are the most predictive characteristics of the number of tasks outsourced. When looking at the frequency of outsourcing, gender inequality in the division of household labor is also predictive. Finally the task-by-task analysis shows a great deal of variation in the predictors of outsourcing. Interestingly, outsourcing cleaning the home—a traditionally feminine task—is driven by both gendered power relations and gender inequality. This study suggests that dual-earner mothers can utilize their family’s class and their individual power within their households to respond to gender inequality within the home by outsourcing household labor."
722009,"Ya-Wen Lei, Harvard University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Political Sociology,"Freeing the Press: State Building, Field Overlap, and Critical News Reporting in China",Regular,"This article examines critical news reporting in China to demonstrate how incremental, collective resistance against dominant political culture is possible in authoritarian contexts where political opportunity remains limited. Specifically, this study examines when and why certain news media are able to resist political pressure and report critically on important social problems, despite the limited freedom afforded by an authoritarian state. Through a comparative study of five newspaper organizations in four coastal cities, the article reveals the significance of state building and field overlap between the newspaper and legal fields for critical news reporting. The Chinese state’s shift to law as a new mode of domination and its use of media to disseminate law not only opened up space for political resistance, but inadvertently forged a bridge connecting actors in the newspaper and legal fields. The newspapers that capitalized on this field overlap to access resources in the legal field were the most likely to resist political pressure and produce critical news reports. This ability, however, was also conditioned by the distribution of political, economic, and professional power in the newspaper field. The findings reveal the unintended ways in which authoritarian state building can create opportunities, resources, and connections for collective political resistance."
722010,"Jennifer L. Hook, University of Southern California","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Cross-National Sociology,Incorporating Class into Work-Family Arrangements: Insights from and for Three Worlds,Regular,"In response to critics, Esping-Andersen (1999) added family to the state-market nexus by examining the degree of familialism across regimes. His typology, however, continues to be critiqued on the lack of fit between regimes and levels of women’s employment.   I argue that in absence of the state de-familializing care it is difficult to predict work-family arrangements without reference to the overall level of inequality in a country and a family’s social location within it.   We must attend to the interaction between levels of familialism and economic inequality. I build on Lewis, Campbell, and Huerta’s (2008) categorization of how two-parent families combine work and care in EU-15 countries by adding an explicit consideration of how these patterns vary within countries by class. I utilize hierarchical clustering with data for 16 countries (2004-2010) from the Luxembourg Income Study and the European Social Survey. In some respects, refining country averages by class lends greater support to Three Worlds, but it also reveals a Southern European pattern distinguished by class inequality in work-family arrangements more characteristic of the liberal regime.  Findings also shed light on Lewis and colleagues’ categorization; countries that polarize between dual-full time and male breadwinner families largely polarize by class."
722012,"Julie A. Kmec, Washington State University; Elizabeth Hirsh, University of British Columbia; Sheryl L. Skaggs, University of Texas-Dallas","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Workplace Sexual Harassment and the Legal Environment,Roundtable,"This study investigates how federal and state-level laws ostensibly designed to reduce workplace sexual harassment, employers’ expressed motivations for handling sexual harassment and their actual experience with formal sexual harassment charge filings* together relate the presence of workplace sexual harassment training programs. We draw on unique data from roughly 85 U.S. work establishments, their EEO-1 reports, and data from a state employment law database and to answer our research questions. Federal oversight, indicated by an establishment’s location in a liberal appellate court circuit, is positively associated with the scope of establishment’s sexual harassment training programs. State laws regulating workplace sexual harassment are positively associated with the procedural reinforcement and extent of follow-up of establishments’ sexual harassment programs. Profit motivations for the adoption of sexual harassment training programs are strong indicators of sexual harassment policy content; they are positively and strongly related to the scope, reinforcement, and follow-up of training programs. We discuss the research and policy implications of the relevance of external and internal regulation of sexual harassment at work. *discrimination filing data will not be compiled and added to our data set until spring/early summer 2014. We have submitted a complete paper without these analyses."
722014,"Wes Markofski, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,From Criticism to Collaboration: Evangelicals and the Other in Urban America,Roundtable,"American evangelicals have become increasingly active in their efforts to promote common good solutions to urban poverty and inequality, yet most studies report a rather dismal record regarding their ability to create positive social change.  However, in recent years a growing minority of urban evangelical activists have begun experimenting with new institutional approaches to combat poverty and inequality, whose primary goals include the social, economic, and political empowerment of marginalized and disadvantaged people, regardless of their faith background.  For both scientific and normative reasons, we need to know more about the capabilities and limits of these new evangelical efforts to combat urban poverty and inequality in the United States.  Based on twelve months of full-time ethnographic fieldwork – including over 90 in-depth interviews – with faith-based community organizing, community development, and political advocacy groups in Portland, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Boston, I find evidence of increased capacity for social reflexivity and collaboration with religious, racial, and political others across diverse social contexts among engaged “social justice” evangelicals."
722015,"Debra J. Davidson, University of Alberta","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Current Perceptions and Potential Re-framings of Environmental Issues,The Effort Factor: Revisiting Social-ecological Metabolism in the Era of Peak Oil,Regular,"Analyses of society’s precarious relationship with the ecosphere often start and end with the spotlight on consumption, both in popular discourse, and in academia. In the latter case, IPAT, and it's more recent variant, STIRPAT, represent one such dominant analytical framework that has offered valuable insights into the complex relationships between impact and consumption levels. Ecological impact is a function of effort, however, not reward. In other words, the relative inputs required to “produce” material commodities through the extraction and processing of natural resources has a more direct causal relationship with ecological impact than does the volume of resulting commodities that are subsequently consumed. As a result, we are not placing a requisite level of attention on the role of resource quality, and extraction processes in ecological impact. More importantly, this effort will tend to increase over time, as reserves of natural resources become degraded due to historical production. In this paper, I elaborate upon this thesis, and offer a supplementary illustration by cataloguing the historical relationship between oil production and ecological impact, with particular attention to the escalating production of non-conventional oil sources, including oil shale in th western U.S., and the oilsands in Alberta. Canada."
722016,"Amanda Pullum, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Labor and Labor Movements Paper Session. A Question of Scale: Where and How to Mobilize Worker Rights,Our Time to Speak is Now: Electoral Tactics in Defending Teachers’ Collective Bargaining Rights,Section,"Although state and corporate efforts to weaken unions are nothing new, recently these efforts have shifted to target public employees’ unions, which now include the majority of organized workers.  Public school teachers in many states have been targeted by legislation that weakens or removes their collective bargaining rights, tenure, and other benefits.  In this paper, I discuss electoral tactics, such as veto referenda or recall campaigns, as one approach to opposing such legislative threats.  Methods of placing legislation on the ballot or bringing a vote on whether an elected official should stay in office exist in 34 states, yet teachers’ unions rarely used them in efforts against legislation threatening collective bargaining or tenure rights.  I use qualitative comparative analysis to determine the causal conditions under which teachers’ unions did not use electoral tactics in states where they had the legal ability to do so."
722018,"John Bliss, University of California-Berkeley","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Law Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Public Interest Drift in Law Schools: A Qualitative Study,Roundtable,"Sociologists and legal scholars who have examined American law schools describe a pervasive “public interest drift,” which refers to the process by which law students drift away from public interest career goals and toward corporate law and other private sector career goals. Research suggests that, contrary to conventional wisdom, drift has only a minor correlation to income potential and no significant correlation to student debt. Thus, a more nuanced, disaggregated, and qualitative account of drift is required. This paper draws on interviews and a novel identity mapping technique to examine the constitutive effects of legal education and legal epistemology on law students as they navigate the job-search process. Drawing on Elizabeth Mertz’s observation that legal discourse frames conflict stories in ways that are acontextual, amoral, and unemotional, I argue that legal education facilitates drift by encouraging students to view their professional roles as distant and instrumental."
722019,"Joseph Oscar Jewell, Texas A&M University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).","White Professionals, Black Peril: The Racial Inscription of Middle Class Identities in New Orleans, 1868-1875",Roundtable,"Narratives about the dangers upwardly mobile racial outsiders posed to middle class whites helped to construct and maintain durable links between race and class in the late nineteenth century. In postbellum New Orleans white school officials, parents, and schoolchildren launched protests against blacks’ access to elite public schools as either students or teachers that portrayed white principals and teachers as victims of black aggression.  In this article, I analyze these events to show the importance of racially inscribing strategies of class mobility and class reproduction for sustaining a racial order. Faced with a visible black middle class in a period of downward mobility for white elites, newspapers, politicians and everyday citizens stressed the dangers that upwardly mobile racial outsiders posed to both white students and school personnel, thereby linking middle class identity to racial whiteness. I argue that analyses of the race-class intersection should give careful attention to strategies of social reproduction because the maintenance of the racial order depends upon cultural narratives that ensure continued economic dominance over racial minorities."
722020,"Joan M. Donovan, University of California-San Diego","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Technologies of Social Change: Rhizomatic Communication and Distributed Direct Action across the Occupy Movement,Roundtable,"Scholars such as Theda Skocpol (Francescani 2012) and Matthew Smith (2012) claim that Occupy protesters have failed to tactically innovate or gain political power. I challenge this assertion by illustrating how Occupy encampments were a democratic laboratory for experimenting with new  organizational and tactical formations, while also refining a unique style of rhizomatic communication that fosters distributed direct action.  Charting the early history of actors and groups that launched the camp at Zuccotti Park on September 17, 2011, shows how organizers were able to change framing strategies and incorporate new technologies into their repertoire of action, which led to the successful occupation of Zuccotti Park for over sixty days. These groups relied on social media, including making participatory websites on Tumblr, uploading videos to YouTube, networking on Facebook, issuing links and action plans on Twitter, holding massive conference calls, as well as broadcasting every day on LiveStream, in order to reach new audiences and marshal resources. Significantly for the Occupy movement, access to technologies of social change has increased the flow of information and dissemination of tactics across protests sites, while also refined a rhizomatic organizational model whereby keywords and search engines facilitate the spread of information from many to many."
722021,"Matthew C. Mahutga, University of California-Riverside; Anthony Roberts, University of California-Riverside; Ronald Kwon, University of California-Riverside","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Globalization and Inequality,"Income Inequality Reconsidered: Organizational Isomorphism, Institutional Context and the Conditional Effects of Globalized Production",Regular,"Inequality Research on Western Europe and North America focuses upon economic globalization, institutional context, or both. This research suggests that globalization increases inequality, but matters less than institutions and other domestic causes. In this paper, we extend this literature in two distinct ways. First, the entrenchment of globally networked forms of economic organization among Northern firms should exacerbate the distributional consequences of offshore manufacturing. Economically, this process integrates increasingly lower wage countries into supply chains, which increases the downward pressure on low-skill labor of offshore production. Psychologically, the diffusion of globally networked models of production to the majority of manufacturing sectors heightens perceptions of insecurity among both manufacturing and non-manufacturing workers by authenticating employer exit threats. This rising insecurity strengthens the bargaining position of employers in negotiations over workplace remuneration and, by reducing the labor share of economic output, increases inequality. Second, institutional context should mitigate the distributional consequences of economic globalization. Strong wage coordinating institutions decouple wages from fluctuations in labor demand, and insulate workers from perceptions of labor market insecurity. Similarly, high levels of government redistribution insulate workers from perceptions of insecurity, and facilitate better bargaining by reducing the income consequences of fluctuations in labor demand brought on by economic globalization. We analyze pooled time series of 18 advanced capitalist countries from 1970 to the present. Our results support our interventions, even when controlling for a host of alternative explanations, and suggest a renewed investigation of the distributional consequences of production globalization."
722024,"Frank Edwards, University of Washington","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Child Saving and Surveillance: Racial Disproportion in Foster Care Entry,Roundtable,"This study evaluates competing theoretical explanations for why African American children are taken into foster care at greater rates in some states than they are in others.  Demographic theories claim that exposure to poverty and instability are the likely causes of high rates of African American foster care entry, political theories suggest that punitive conservative politics explain the racial character of a state's foster care entry dynamics, and social control and surveillance theories suggest that institutional context and the visible difference of marginalized racial groups structure foster care intervention.  To assess the plausibility of each of these theories, I conduct a quantitative analysis using data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System that considers each of these theories in turn, and proposes a parsimonious explanation of regional variation in the risk of foster care entry for African American children."
722025,"Diane Marano, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Violence,A Gun is a Key to Anything You Wanna Do: Juvenile Offenders Frame their Worlds,Regular,"Why do juvenile offenders acquire and use guns? What meanings do guns and gun use have for these young men? I propose that guns, as multivalent objects, serve many purposes for male juvenile offenders and accordingly satisfy many of their short-term needs. Twenty-five males incarcerated in New Jersey juvenile facilities participated in an interview-based study between December 2010 and June 2011.  Participants were selected on the basis of their offense histories, the selection criteria intended to focus the study on those with adjudications for gun offenses. Juveniles used guns for protection, as instrumentalities of crime either to acquire money or engage in street-fighting, to acquire or maintain respect, to avoid fights, to feel safe and secure, to support a particular masculine identity, for fun and socialization, and as consumer items to acquire, collect, and admire. Guns were often positioned as the fulcrum between vulnerability and agency, converting feelings of powerlessness into feelings of power. The results confirm that guns play an important role in the lives of many juvenile offenders, fulfilling many of their perceived needs and wants.  The implication of these findings is that demand for guns among young offenders is likely to remain strong unless and until structural changes occur at many levels to obviate the factors that push and pull young men to the streets."
722026,"Yuching Julia Cheng, State University of New York-Albany","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Transnational Families in Global South: Why Immigrant Family Type Varies among Cross-Strait Chinese Migrants?,Roundtable,"Scholars have long applied two approaches—the institutional approach and the cultural approach— to explain variances in immigrant families. The institutional approach suggests the changes in immigrant families are a result of the reaction of immigrants to political and economic factors. The cultural approach, in contrast, maintains there is continuity in immigrant family patterns over time. Focusing on the global south, this article proposes to employ the institutional framework to explain the difference in transnational families among cross-strait Chinese migrants.  I found that Mainland-Chinese in Taiwan are more likely to live in a split household than those Taiwan-Chinese migrating to China. This was resulted from the difference in citizenship policies between the two societies. Mainland-Chinese immigrants in Taiwan are positioned as ""others"" because of Taiwan’s exclusive citizenship policies. In contrast, China’s citizenship policies see Taiwanese as “we,” facilitating the formation of nuclear family households among Taiwan-Chinese immigrants."
722027,"Nastasia Lawton-Sticklor, Clark University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Family Social Capital Transmission and (Re-)engagement in Secondary School,Roundtable,"Completion of secondary and post-secondary levels of education is associated with positive financial, health, and civic outcomes. To facilitate the advantages that come with education, there is much attention currently paid to ensuring that youth in the United States stay engaged in school or re-engage if they have disconnected or dropped out. Individuals who have higher levels of education tend to have more robust social capital, granting them access to institutional resources and information, thus furthering their success. This social capital is transmitted to them throughout their educations from school, community, and family sources. This study explored the narratives of students enrolling in an alternative school after having previously disengaged and sought to challenge the traditional ways in which family members are thought to transmit social capital to their children in order to help them succeed. For students whose parents had not been successful in school themselves, transmission of social capital did not follow institutional norms of parent involvement, such as teaching children how to navigate institutional norms, reinforcing academic material and tangible involvement with schools. However, parents’ strategies of motivating students to engage in school, which in several cases did not include these recognized methods, appeared to be effective in student perseverance."
722028,"Jennifer Rosen, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Gender Quotas: A Comparative Analysis across Development Thresholds,Roundtable,"Women’s parliamentary representation has steadily increased over the past decades, but continues to exhibit substantial differences across countries.  A particularly surprising aspect of the variations that exist, and the changes that have occurred over time, is that many countries with relatively low levels of socioeconomic development have outpaced developed democracies in enhancing the formal representation of women.  In early 2013, twelve of the twenty countries with the highest proportions of women in politics are less developed countries.  During this same time, gender quota legislation has become an increasingly popular strategy to enhance women’s political representation in national legislatures.  I examine whether this key causal mechanism works in similar fashions across groups of countries.  There is a large body of literature on women’s parliamentary representation; however analyses that consider gender quotas arrive at disparate, and even contradictory, findings.  My analyses indicate that national gender quota legislation interacts with a country’s socioeconomic development, altering its effects on women’s representation.  In countries with low levels of social and economic development, national gender quotas are among the strongest predictors of women’s enhanced representation.  Conversely, in wealthy, industrialized democracies, the measure is not statistically significant.  My results support the conclusions of many single-country case studies, which find that gender quotas can provide a ‘fast track’ to increase women’s political representation, leading to increases in a single election cycle that took many Scandinavian and Western European countries decades to achieve.  However, this result is dependent on the socioeconomic context within which the gender quota is instituted."
722029,"Brad Fulton, Duke University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Voluntary and Non-Profit Organizations,Network Ties and Organizational Action: Explaining Variation in Social Service Provision among Congregations,Regular,"Social capital research often analyzes how involvement in voluntary associations benefits individuals or communities. Less often, however, does it address how social capital affects voluntary associations themselves; in particular, how their ties with other organizations are associated with the volume and scope of their activity. This study explores the relationship between interorganizational networks and organizational action by analyzing the collaborative ties congregations form to provide social services. Using cross-sectional and panel data from a nationally representative sample of congregations, the analyses find significant relationships between congregations’ interorganizational ties and their social service provision patterns. Congregations that collaborate with other organizations offer more programs and the effect is even greater as the number and variety of collaborators increase. Furthermore, network analysis indicates that congregations occupying equivalent interorganizational network positions behave similar to each other. Specifically, congregations with a similar portfolio of collaborators offer a similar menu of services. This study demonstrates that an organization’s network ties, net the effects of its internal characteristics, are significantly associated with its capacity for action and scope of action."
722030,"Yuching Julia Cheng, State University of New York-Albany","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Immigration and Racial Formation: A Happy Marriage?,Roundtable,"This article attempts to explore the possibility of bridging immigration research and racial formation theory to examine identities of immigrants. Scholars have long employed the ethnicity paradigm, the nationalism paradigm, and the transnationalism paradigm to discuss a variety of outcomes of identity among immigrants. However, they share a flaw in their reduction of race to ethnicity, nationality, and transnationality, respectively. This article suggests that more immigration studies need through the lens of racial formation theory to explore identity formations of immigrants as the theory recognizes the autonomous power of race. I conclude that immigrant family is among the starting points to conceptualize the relationship between immigration and racial formation. I construct a framework to illustrate the identity formation process within immigrant families. In this framework, I define the second generation as new racial subjects and their spouse preference as a measure of their identity formation. I argue that U.S. born- and raised-children of immigrants display two types of identity formation: consonant formation and dissonant formation. The consonant pattern indicates that immigrants in the same panethnic category see the members of all subethnic ethnic groups as “we.” Thus, they are more likely to have interethnic marriages. In contrast, the dissonant formation suggests that panethnic categories and ethnic categories are mutually exclusive. People with this pattern may still see members of the same panethnic category as “others.” They are thus less likely to have interethnic marriages."
722031,"Quan Dang Hien Mai, Vanderbilt University","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Labor/Labor Movements: Class Consciousness and Culture in Labor Mobilization,"The New York Times and the Cultural Production of the U.S Labor Problem, 1870-1930",Regular,"The period that spanned the Gilded Age to the onset of the Great Depression saw the rise and relative decline of the U.S labor movement. The salient events of labor movements over these years undoubtedly shaped public perception about labor issues, and some scholars have been attempting to unpack the mechanisms through which depictions and characterizations of the “labor problem” were produced in authoritative venues that could have shaped the future of the movement. This study goes beyond the standard practice of explaining news report volume to feature the political valance of the reports on the labor problem over a 61-year time period. The aforementioned period also saw significant changes in news reporting practices, with the rise of objective informational writing and of the embracement of journalism as a profession. The change within journalism itself could potentially shape the depiction of the labor problem, yet such change has been overlooked by existing literature pertaining to the topic. This research makes a theoretical case for integrating social processes central to the labor movement and journalism from 1870-1930 and explains patterns in the cultural production of the labor problem in the New York Times by analyzing these two tracks of history in conjunction."
722032,"Stephanie Lynnette Canizales, University of Southern California","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on International Migration Roundtable Session (one-hour).,American Individualism and the Social Adaptation of Unauthorized Mayan Youth in Los Angeles,Roundtable,"Segmented assimilation theory proposes immigrant children and children of immigrants must retain collectivistic orientations to their family and co-ethnic community to be buffered from downward assimilation. This framework assumes children migrate as members of an intact family unit and that individualism threatens adaptation and socioeconomic mobility, as it impedes community collectivism. My research prompts a re-examination of segmented assimilation by investigating the social adaptation of unauthorized Guatemalan Maya youth who arrive to the US as unaccompanied minors to work while their families remain in the country of origin. Youth struggle with poverty, fear of discrimination, and social isolation as they live and work in the US and maintain collectivist orientations to their families from afar. Based on ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with unauthorized Guatemalan Maya young-adult participants of a Los Angeles support group, this study suggests that although they lack the traditional supportive institutions of family and school, alternative resources for adaptation exist. I find that participation in psychotherapeutic culture equips youth growing up without parents or supportive social institutions with the rhetoric and behaviors of self-responsibility necessary for emotional, psychological, and financial stability, and aspirations for socioeconomic mobility. As youth become expressive individuals, their social commitments are not severed but move from the transnational family to the local community."
722034,"Charles Jonathan Gomez, Stanford University; Daniel A. McFarland, Stanford University","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Global Knowledge Flows of Political Research: Is All Politics G(local)?,Roundtable,"Academics hold the normative view that research ideas are generated independently of “place,” specifically the nation-state. What if this were incorrect? We argue that an author’s nation-state can describe much of the latent structure in research topics studied over time. Using techniques from computational linguistics, we apply the Partially Labeled Dirichlet Allocation (PLDA) technique to 60,000 political science papers from 1991 to 2011 present in the ISI Web of Science corpus to identify clusters of words uniquely associated with a nation-state. We are interested in characteristics that describe political, economic, and cultural differences between nation-states that might mirror how research topics flows between them. We identify styles of research by nation-state and study patterns of inter-state influence and referencing, as well as this structure’s change. Contrary to those arguing that globalization is fostering a more open, flatter, and interconnected global research community, nation-states are increasingly pursuing their own research agendas and are less dependent on the largest academic powerhouse, the United States. Physical proximity, as well as economic and colonial linkages, largely dictates research topic flows between countries."
722035,"Amy Teller, Brown University","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Development, Sustainability, and Food Security in Africa and Latin America","Interactions among Climate Vulnerability, Inequality and Agricultural Change: The Case of Tanzanian Smallholder Farmers",Regular,"Climate change is expected to shift precipitation patterns in Tanzania, while smallholder farmers’ livelihoods and the country’s economy are dependent upon the success of rainfed agriculture.  Thus, a better understanding of what constitutes vulnerability to drought on the ground in agricultural Tanzanian communities is needed.  This qualitative study investigates the socio-ecological dimensions of drought vulnerability for smallholder farmers, including water resources and access, agricultural knowledge, and current drought year losses and drought-coping strategies.  During fieldwork in two villages, structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with farmers, government and NGO representatives, and other agricultural experts.  Findings show that crop losses to drought are severe in both communities and reinforce inequalities in the more stratified community.  One international NGO active in agriculture in each community also allowed for an examination of NGO interventions as a second exposure that farmers experience, in addition to drought or climate change.  This case demonstrates that drought and NGO interventions can interact to exacerbate inequalities, though the uncertainties and complexity of climate change, globalization, and the availability of natural resources like water create a nuanced picture of vulnerability over shorter and longer time scales.  Overall, this paper attempts to reflexively present evidence of both constraint and agency in a narrative on climate change adaptation in the agricultural Global South.  What I observed does not align with an extreme doomsday scenario of vulnerability and victimization, nor does it support the autonomous capability of communities to optimally employ local knowledge for effective adaptation to climate change."
722038,"Yun Zhou, Harvard University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Loosening Boundaries, Persisting Hierarchy and the Changing Color Line: Minority-Minority Intermarriage in the Contemporary United States",Roundtable,"Using Stereotype Ordered Regression (SOR) models and data from the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample of the 2000 U.S. census, I examine intermarriage pairings  among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, East Asians, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans. I find that Whites occupy the top position in the status hierarchy, Puerto Rican and Mexican Americans the bottom, and Blacks and East Asian Americans the middle. These results contradict the idea that the Black-non Black color line is the strongest in the contemporary US and instead suggest a combination of a strong White-non White color line and a revised version of a “tri-racial hierarchy.” Furthermore, the White-non White divide is much more salient for men, than for women. I further demonstrate that the contemporary U.S. racial/ethnic intermarriage is characterized by status-exchange, rather than endogamous intermarriage or in-group preference. Congruent with previous findings, among the five racial/ethnic categories investigated, non-Hispanic Blacks and East Asians have the lowest tendency of out-marrying, which points to relatively more rigid group boundary for those two groups. However, non-Hispanic Blacks and East Asians do not occupy the lowest position on the racial status hierarchy. Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans show highest tendency of out-marrying, yet both groups fall on the lowest end of racial status ordering. Intermarriage patterns of Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans illustrate a loosening of group boundary, coupled with the persistence of status hierarchy. These findings illustrate the disjuncture between group boundary vis-à-vis status hierarchy and further call for the conceptual distinction between the two."
722039,"Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, University of Southern California","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Community and Urban Sociology Paper Session. Home and Belonging,Immigrant Homeland Re-creation and Belonging in Urban Community Gardens of Los Angeles,Section,"This paper extends the definition of the domestic sphere to include urban community gardens which serve as critical spaces that undocumented Latino immigrants use to sustain themselves and to re-create homeland and belonging in urban Los Angeles.  Illegality and legal violence, poverty, racial discrimination, marginality, gang activity, heavy police presence and underemployment in low-wage sector jobs and in informal sector characterize urban life in these neighborhoods. I focus on a range of home-making and healing practices that occur in urban community gardens.  First, in the context of crowded, substandard apartments in a hyper-urbanized locale and the closed circuits of cross-border return migration, the urban community gardens serve as shared domestic space.  Secondly, these are also healing spaces, as the urban community gardeners cultivate and share a range of medicinal herbs (ruda, yierba buena, chichicastre).  They use the gardens as informal homeland pharmacies, and they experience palliative remedies for a range of intimately experienced social problems, including loneliness, social isolation, and the depression and anxiety that comes from living with poverty and illegality.  All of this is tinged with the healing aspect of being among plant nature and in open air.  The urban community gardens momentarily become sanctuaries of self-care and community care, serving as healing homes.  Thirdly, the urban community gardens are incubators of social capital, offering gathering spaces that are particularly important to groups such as the indigenous, the undocumented, and immigrant women, groups who find access to public spaces and trusted connections particularly limited."
722040,"Daniel Silver, University of Toronto; Kristie O'Neill, University of Toronto","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Money and the Transcendent Character of Life: Vitalism in the Philosophy of Money,Roundtable,"This paper seeks to understand a puzzling aspect of Georg Simmel’s Philosophy of Money, namely, the many religious analogies Simmel uses to characterize money.  We argue that with these analogies Simmel sought to articulate how what he would later term “the transcendent character of life” permeates mundane interactions.  To develop this interpretation, we first highlight key passages in The Philosophy of Money that feature religious language, noting their crucial role within Simmel’s overall argument.  Second, we interpret these passages by turning to Simmel’s explicit writings on religion, briefly discussing in general terms what is distinctive in Simmel’s approach to religion and why its significance for Simmel’s work as a whole has been hard to appreciate.  Third, we connect Simmel’s religious thought to his treatment of money, noting near-identical passages across his texts and elaborating three core themes that connect religion and money for him:  faith, unity, and freedom.  Finally, we conclude with some reflections on how the vitalist themes in The Philosophy of Money point toward a powerful but neglected way of rendering the modern economic order meaningful, contrasting two modes of meaning-making in social thought: a prophetic mode, which fits events into horizontal narratives, and a mystical mode, which treats events vertically, as revelations of the deep predicaments of human existence.  If The Communist Manifesto exemplifies the former, The Philosophy of Money exemplifies the latter."
722042,"Kim Scipes, Purdue University-North Central","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Building Global Labor Solidarity Today: Learning from the KMU of the Philippines,Roundtable,"With the rise of new labor movements in countries such as China, Egypt, and Iran, and new developments within labor movements in places such as Colombia, Indonesia, Iraq, Mexico, Pakistan and Venezuela, activists and leaders in these labor movements are seeking information from workers and unions around the world.      However, many labor activists today know little or nothing about the last period of intense efforts to build international labor solidarity, the years 1978-2007.  During these years, we saw the emergence of five labor movements, each which played central, if not the central role, in helping to overthrow the military dictatorship in their country:  they were some of the leading proponents of popular democracy in the world!   One of these labor movements from which the concept of “social movement unionism” was developed was the KMU Labor Center of the Philippines.   It is this author’s contention that there is a lot unknown about the KMU that would help advance global labor solidarity today.  This paper suggests that the KMU has innovated in five areas:  created a new type of trade unionism, developed new organizational structures, pursued member education, advanced organic relations with sectoral organizations outside of labor, and initiated extensive efforts to build international labor solidarity with workers and unions around the world.   This paper suggests that the global labor movement can learn from these KMU innovations."
722043,"Neveen Fawzy Shafeek Amin, University of Texas-Austin","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Acculturation and Health among Middle Eastern Immigrants in the United States,Roundtable,"Previous studies show that the health outcomes of immigrants in the United States are favorable to that of U.S.-born whites. Little is known about the association between acculturation and physical health outcomes, particularly for Middle Easter immigrants. Using pooled data from the 2002-2012 National Health Interview Survey, I examine the association between acculturation and physical health outcomes among Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants in the U.S. and compare them to those of U.S.-born, non-Hispanic whites. A series of binomial logistic regression models are used for the analyses. Results indicate that acculturation is a determinant of physical health, particularly self-rated health status. While the least acculturated ME immigrants have a significantly lower rate of reporting fair or poor health, the most acculturated ME immigrants have higher odds of reporting fair or poor health compared to U.S.-born whites. Results also show that ME immigrant groups, regardless of their acculturation status, are significantly less likely to have any chronic health conditions compared to U.S.-born whites. Finally, health behaviors have a modest impact on the relationship between acculturation and physical health outcomes of ME immigrants."
722047,"Denis Strebkov, National Research University; Andrey Shevchuk, National Research University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Opportunism and Social Ties in the Informal Labor Market: Evidence from Freelance Contracting on the Internet,Roundtable,"This study addresses the problem of opportunism in economic exchange by exploring the case of freelance contracting on the Internet. Based on a sample of 5,784 Russian-speaking respondents, the study provides rare quantitative evidence of the informal labor market where freelancers act under a constant threat of malfeasance by clients. We investigate how particular conditions of transactions, such as formalization of agreements, social embeddedness, and virtualization of communications, affect the extent of opportunism and further possibilities for resolving problems. The logistic regression models reveal that formalization does not reduce opportunism although written contracts help to resolve conflicts. Social embeddedness as measured by job finding method has mixed effect, illuminating the “paradox of embeddedness”. Regular clients and referrals decrease extreme opportunism, which causes direct financial losses, and enable joint problem solving. However, established social relations facilitate weak forms of opportunism such as payment delays, revealing the dark side of embeddedness. The virtualization of communications has an overall negative effect increasing opportunism and the probability that problems remain unresolved. Thus, our findings provide additional evidence of the importance of social relations and face-to-face communications in economic life."
722048,"Corey Bunje Bower, Niagara University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Housing Policy,Homeownership and the Achievement Gap: A Research Synthesis,Regular,"The gaps in achievement and attainment between races and classes have long vexed our educational system, with the former remaining stubbornly stable and the latter growing in recent decades.  Researchers consistently conclude that these gaps mostly form before school and during the summer as the result of a vast array of out-of-school influences, but policy has primarily aimed to change what happens inside schools. This paper investigates the potential efficacy of policies designed to change one of these factors – homeownership – as a means to narrow the achievement gap by synthesizing the empirical literature linking homeownership and academic performance, and reviewing the theoretical literature.  Overall, the literature yields mixed-results that offer a strong theoretical basis for, but weak empirical evidence of, such a relationship.  Despite these results, significant reason exists to believe that homeownership can be a meaningful part of a social policy intervention designed to narrow the achievement gap if the right policies are put in place at the right times in the right places for the right people."
722049,"Angele Christin, Princeton University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Paper Session. Cultural Industries: 20th Century Roots and 21st Century Challenges,Counting Clicks: Commensuration in Online News in the United States and France,Section,"Sociological analyses of commensuration – the transformation of different qualities into a common metric – often emphasize its role in processes of homogenization and isomorphism between organizations. Yet numbers may in fact take different meanings depending on their contexts. I explore this question with the case of online journalism and compare the reception of internet metrics in an American and a French web newsroom. How do journalists react to the constant flow of quantitative information they receive about the online ‘success’ of their articles? Drawing on ethnographic material gathered at TheNotebook.com in New York and LaPlace.com in Paris, I document processes of convergence between the two organizations, both at the editorial level and regarding the use of internet metrics through a software program called Chartbeat. But I also find differences in the use and meaning assigned to traffic numbers. At TheNotebook, editors make important editorial decisions based on Chartbeat, whereas editors at LaPlace have conflicted feelings about it. Yet, paradoxically, staff journalists at TheNotebook profess indifference regarding internet metrics, whereas staffers at LaPlace are obsessed with traffic numbers. I argue that these different organizational cultures typify the distinct trajectories and features of the journalistic field in the U.S. and France."
722051,"In-Jin Yoon, Korea University; Seongkyung Cho, Korea University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Population Paper Session. Immigrant Integration and Inequality around the World,Immigration Integration and Multiculturalism Policy of South Korea,Section,"In South Korea, concepts of migrant integration and multiculturalism are not clearly distinguished, and terms such as multicultural policy, multiculturalism policy, foreign policy, and immigration policy are often used almost synonymously and interchangeably. However, when we examine closely Korean government’s policies and programs regarding immigrants, most of them are about assisting immigrants to adapt to Korean society with little attention to cultural rights. The main target group or beneficiary of the government’s migrant integration policy is people of international marriage and their children. Migrant workers, who account for a larger share of immigrants in Korea, are not considered a major clientele of migrant integration programs. Korean people and society as a whole are pretty sympathetic toward immigrants, especially toward female marriage migrants and their children. Because of the general public’s positive and benevolent attitudes toward immigrants, the Korean government allocated a generous budget for migrant integration programs. Because immigrants and ethnic minorities are not numerous and non-threatening and had arrived in Korea in different time periods, Korean society has responded to each group in a separate manner. When their number was small and the economic burden was negligible, such a piecemeal approach was not a problem. As their number increases and people feel burdensome, however, an integrated approach is needed to enhance fairness and efficiency of government policy."
722052,"Asa Maron, Hebrew University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Bureaucratic Strategies and the Architecture of Austerity: The Unequal Structure of Welfare Reform,Roundtable,"Contemporary intra-state struggles over the future of the welfare state are played out within unequal state architectures, where fiscal state actors (treasuries and central banks) accumulate power resources and authority, while social state actors are subordinated to budgetary control and austerity discipline. This inter-national phenomenon is especially conspicuous in the case of Israel: A small developmental state that underwent a swift and radical transition to neo-liberalism, where the budgetary process is extremely centralized. This state of affairs creates significant barriers for collective intra-state action: A vital aspect in adjusting welfare state institutional arrangements to changing socio-economic conditions. This research studies change under the imperatives of neo-liberalism using two cases of welfare state reform in Israel (1990-2010): The introduction and implementation of the Israeli workfare program, and the changing service regime for children and teens at risk. The paper centers on the dynamics of coalition-making as a collective action strategy, which provides paths out of bureaucratic stalemate. In order to propel change, strategic state actors may (1) utilize new policy ideas strategically to produce ambiguous agreements, and (2) engineer new organizational structures in order to mobilize other actors and forge a coalition adequate for their needs. Notwithstanding the important role of ideas in forging ambiguous agreements, the paper argues that autonomy structures in intra-state coalitions are decisive for the unfolding of reform paths in the neo-liberal state in terms of their welfare logic, public legitimacy and sustainability."
722054,"Rebbeca Tesfai, Temple University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Segregation,Black Immigrant Segregation: An Investigation of the Primacy of Race in Locational Attainment,Regular,"The prevailing opinion in the sociological literature is that black immigrants live in even more segregated neighborhoods than U.S.-born blacks. I re-examine this view, using a multivariate, locational attainment approach rather than the segregation index approach in order to avoid the risk of ecological inference. In using this approach, I control for a number of socioeconomic characteristics to determine the relative racial, educational, and economic segregation of foreign-born blacks in eight major black immigrant settlement areas. Contrary to previous work, I find that foreign-born blacks are less segregated from U.S.-born whites than U.S.-born blacks and live in neighborhoods where they are more likely to be exposed to those with at least a college degree or with an income to poverty ratio of three or more. These results provide evidence against both the place stratification theory and spatial assimilation. Instead, location plays an important role in the segregation of foreign-born blacks."
722055,"Rebbeca Tesfai, Temple University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Sociology of Education: Comparative and Historical Approaches,Schooling Progress in the U.S. and Canada: Context's Effects on Assimilation Patterns of Immigrant Blacks,Regular,"The prevailing opinion the education literature is that 1.5 and second generation black immigrants have higher levels of educational attainment than the native-born. Research points to differences in sociodemographic characteristics to explain the variation observed. However no study has addressed the importance of societal context in predicting the educational attainment and, by extension, the assimilation patterns of black immigrants. In order to address this gap, I compare variation in educational delay among blacks in the United States and Canada. Preliminary results show that context matters. Black immigrants’ likelihood of delay decreases with time in the United States until it is lower than that of the native-born by the second generation. However, there is no significant difference between the outcomes of first, 1.5, and 3+ generation blacks in Canada. These results indicate that conclusions regarding black immigrant achievement and assimilation in the United States cannot be extended to other contexts."
722058,"Leila J. Rupp, University of California-Santa Barbara; Shae Miller, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Learning to be Queer on Campus,Roundtable,"“Queer” is becoming a common identity adopted by women students on college campuses.  This paper uses the case of the University of California, Santa Barbara, to analyze how students come to embrace the identity queer and what the identity means to them.  Grounding our analysis in queer theory, structural identity theory, and collective identity theory, we find that queer is both an individual and collective identity that connotes fluidity of desire and behavior, a rejection of stable and binary sexualities and genders, and a political commitment to the queer community.  Students learn about queer identity primarily when they arrive on campus, through queer organizations and coursework, showing how Giddens’ concept of the double hermeneutic is at work in the development of the identity queer."
722062,"Tammy L. Anderson, University of Delaware","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Cultural Studies 4: The Production and Circulation of Culture,Molly Deaths: A Product of the Rave Culture/Drug War Impasse,Regular,"Olivia Rotondo and Jeremy Russ were excited for New York’s 2013 Electric Zoo festival Labor Day weekend.  A few hours into the party, both were pronounced dead from MDMA overdoses.  The renewed popularity of electronic dance music and rave culture has spawned a lucrative global industry riddled with complications for consumers.  Could a controversial law from the 20th century’s drug war be making matters worse?  This article explores the modern-day complications of ill-conceived federal laws and their clash with modern music scenes and cultures."
722064,"Caroline W. Lee, Lafayette College","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Paper Session. The Politics of Representation,Professionalizing the Representation of Publics,Section,"This paper provides historical background and contemporary analysis of the development of what initially seems to be a bizarre category of professionals: practitioners who specialize in producing the representation of ordinary publics in participatory and deliberative processes. While the professionalization of lay engagement in businesses, non-profit organizations and governments initially seems paradoxical, I find through multi-method research that this thriving field is driven by anxieties about democratic deficits under neoliberal governance. In arguing for more effective public participation, elite actors in the public engagement field have had to pursue ""grasstops"" activism and have engaged in conventional interest advocacy. Nevertheless, public engagement practitioners are deeply conflicted about the growth of the field in ""hard times"" and their potential complicity in reproducing inequality and reducing contention."
722065,"Maryann Bylander, University of London","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Economic Sociology Paper Session. Credit, Poverty and Inequality",Credit as Coping: Rethinking Microcredit in the Cambodian Context,Section,"This article explores the uses and meanings of microcredit in Cambodia, offering evidence to suggest that what microcredit asserts it provides is substantively different than what it means in practice for many rural Cambodian borrowers. In particular, my findings suggest three key disconnects between the rhetoric and reality of micro-lending.  First, while MFIs assert that loans are used for and repaid via microenterprise, my data suggest that loans are primarily used for a variety of non-productive purposes, and are most frequently repaid through wage labor both within and outside the country. Second, whereas MFIs assert that microcredit offers a substitute to high-interest informal loans, in practice formal credit is often used alongside informal credit and drives the need for higher-interest informal borrowing.  Third, whereas loans are argued to offer proactive ways of livelihood improvement, in practice borrowers often struggle to repay loans, and note that debt can substantively heighten vulnerabilities. These findings challenge the primary goals and stated expectations of microcredit, and suggest that the need for a rethinking of microcredit as a development strategy in the Cambodian context."
722067,"Angelina Grigoryeva, Princeton University; Martin Ruef, Duke University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Segregation,The Historical Demography of Racial Segregation,Regular,"Both spatial and aspatial measures of residential segregation equate spatial proximity with social distance.  This assumption has been increasingly subject to critique by demographers and becomes especially problematic in historical settings.  In the late 19th-century United States, standard measures suggest a counter-intuitive pattern: Southern cities, with their long history of racial inequality, had less residential segregation than urban areas considered to be more racially tolerant.  Following classic accounts, we argue that traditional measures do not capture a more subtle “backyard” pattern of segregation in the South, where white families dominated front streets and blacks were relegated to alleys.  We develop a sequence index that captures street-front segregation and examine its validity and reliability.  Our analysis of complete household data from the 1880 Census suggests that the backyard pattern can be explained historically by the high density of the South’s black population, the recency of the region’s experiences with slavery, and the occupational structure of the black labor force."
722070,"Barret Michalec, University of Delaware; Ann V. Bell, University of Delaware","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Regular Session. Health Care and Care Delivery,"Providers’ Perceptions of Medical Interpreters: Exploring the ""Bigger Picture""",Regular,"Patients’ ability to understand and effectively communicate health information improves disease prevention, self-management of illness, adoption of healthy behaviors and acting on important public health information.  However, patients who have limited English proficiency (LEP) are increasingly disadvantaged.  Previous studies have spotlighted the benefit of medical interpreter services in bridging the health communication chasm between patients and providers.  This qualitative study, focusing on medical interpreter utilization within the obstetrical and neonatal services, provides perspectives from an encompassing sample of health care providers to offer a broader understanding of health care providers’ perspectives of the role of medical interpreter services and LEP patient care.  A series of five focus groups were conducted with postpartum nurses (9), labor and delivery/triage nurses (3), OBGYN resident physicians (11), NICU nurses (3), and faculty physicians, nurse practitioners and midwives (10).  The data suggest that barriers to the utilization of professional medical interpreters can be categorized on institutional- and individual-levels.  It is argued that perceptions of interpreter services are merely one piece of a much larger puzzle that may impact the provision of effective care to a growing culturally diverse patient population.  Health care organizations must identify ways they can not only foster and sustain a culture of care that recognizes the needs of their LEP patient population but also build an infrastructure that is sensitive to providers’ needs as well.  Simply adding additional communication-based resources may not have a significant impact on providers’ attitudes and behaviors or the overarching organizational culture."
722071,"Randy Hodson, The Ohio State University; Michael David Nau, The Ohio State University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Aging and the Life Course Paper Session. Changes in the Timing of Life Course Transitions in Young Adulthood: Taking Longer, Maybe Never",Millennials under Water: Victims of Finance Capital,Section,"Stagnant incomes in combination with continuing pressures for consumption have created a paradox for many Americans that is being resolved by increased use of credit and the resulting emergence of a new debt society.  Those coming of age in the first decade of the 2000s, commonly called the millennials, are important carriers of this new reality because of their early career stage that leaves them with many needs, such as education and housing for family formation, but few resources of accumulated wealth or high earnings.  Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances across the last 20 years we contrast the debt experiences of the millennials with the experience of prior cohorts.  The millennials both took on more credit earlier in their careers and retrenched more quickly and dramatically than prior cohorts since the onset of the Great Recession in 2008.  Within this cohort, the expansion of a debt society occurred significantly through the expansion of credit to those of lesser means.  Conversely, young people with the greatest financial resources used debt more selectively and with apparently fewer risks and negative consequences."
722074,"Chong-suk Han, Middlebury College","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Down Low Discourse and the ""Pathology"" of Black (Homo)sexuality",Roundtable,"In recent years, the down low phenomenon has received unprecedented attention in both the popular and academic press. However, much of this work has focused on exploring whether men on the down low present a unique threat for HIV infection to black women. Currently, there exist very few scholarly or popular works exploring the meaning attached to the down low, not only by those who promote the label for academic studies or for media dispersal. In this essay, I shed new light on the meanings attached to the down low by the popular press, critically evaluating how it is used to create a category that is marked by an undesirable categorization of black men, and provide an argument as to why black men who have sex with men may adopt the label for themselves."
722075,"Amy Cooter, University of Michigan","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Racialized Threat: Muslim Americans and Nationalistic Exclusion,Roundtable,"Investigations of racial threat typically rely on large datasets and quantitative analysis of population change over time or neighborhood context. These analyses yield much insight into how dominant, white populations respond to perceived economic and political threat in terms of relatively broad policy changes, but leave other questions about cultural threat and underlying perceptions of the threatening group unanswered. This analysis qualitatively considers Muslim Americans as a racialized group to extend theories of racial threat, and builds on the framework of ""politicized places"" to analyze how national and local contexts interact to produce perceived racial threat. Data for this analysis are ethnographic observations and interviews with white, lower-middle class, male members of the Michigan militia who see themselves as protecting the nation from a variety of threats, and who racialize Muslim Americans as a meaningful threat because of the large Arab population in the city of Dearborn, MI, in particular. I argue that racial threat from Muslims shows us that considerations of contemporary threat and racism need to be expanded to more explicitly include nationalistic constructs alongside place-specific local factors."
722077,"Zhifan Luo, State University of New York-Albany","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Towards a Capitalist Historical Bloc? The Transformation of Chinese State in its Global Integration,Roundtable,"The proposed project is inspired by this collective intellectual endeavor to go beyond state-centrism in globalization studies, and it takes on Brenner’s conception of territorial states as “essential geographical components of the globalization process” (1999:44). Territorial states should no longer be taken for granted as absolute containers of power, or as the dominant form of organizing social life. Territorial state is only one way among multiple possibilities of drawing meaningful boundaries and integrating geographically fixed elements of production with given, but open to change and contingency, institutional opportunities and restrictions. In other words, the national territories do not lose its relevance and meaningfulness to the configuration of social life in the contemporary era of globalization, but this relevance and meaningfulness should be taken to the scrutiny of empirical data, with consideration of its interplay with sub- and supra-national centers of power.   Starting with the perception of nation-state as one way among others to organizing social life, this proposed project follows previous research developed upon the Gramscian term ‘historic bloc,’ to study the process in which subnational, national, and supranational institutional forces come together to struggle, collaborate, and ally with one other, resulting in destruction and construction of historic bloc and transformed configurations of nation-state. To explore this theme with historical stringency, this proposed project focuses on China’s accession to the GATT and the WTO, aiming to see what the historic bloc behind China’s accession is, how it gets formed, and how it helps to transform the contemporary Chinese state."
722082,"Matthew Thomas Clement, University of Oregon","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Urbanization and Land Use Change: A Sociological Study of Deforestation Across New England, 2001-2006",Roundtable,"Drawing from theories in environmental and urban sociology, the present study sheds light on the ways in which urbanization drives deforestation at the local level across the region of New England in the United States. Using county-level data from the National Land Cover Database and other US governmental sources, the area of forest cover lost to the built environment between 2001-2006 is regressed on changes in multiple measures representing different dimensions of urbanization. Controlling for other factors, estimates from fixed-effects models show that while net-migration and urban (versus rural) residence result in more hard deforestation, an increase in population density may actually slow down the loss of forest cover to the built environment. Based on these results, urbanization has multiple dimensions with independent, countervailing effects on changes in the natural environment, represented by the concept of urbanization's ecological dualism."
722086,"Lauren Benditt, Stanford University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Are they Really Just Lazy? Competing Accounts of Public Sector Employment,Roundtable,"In recent years, the stereotype that public workers are lazy, unproductive and inclined to avoid competition has returned to the forefront of political discourse. Though this account may be the most politically prominent, it is overly reductionist and reliant on stereotypes. Academic scholarship suggests two other accounts of why individuals choose to work in the public sector: public service motivation and refuge. Using the 2006 General Social Survey, I test these three competing accounts and find that the popular account of lazy noncompetition is unsupported in these data. The results show that public service motivation (PSM) only predicts public sector work for white men, suggesting that engaging individual values in occupational decision-making is a luxury for more privileged groups. The results also suggest that for less privileged groups the public sector is a refuge from discrimination."
722087,"John Foran, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Environmental Movements, Inaction, and Inertia",The Search for a Global Climate Treaty:  An Analysis of the 2013 U.N. Climate Summit,Regular,"The United Nations climate negotiations, under the auspices of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) hold an annual summit known as the COP (Conference of the Parties).  The nineteenth such summit, COP19, was held in Warsaw, Poland, in November 2013.  This paper presents a critical overview of the struggle for a global climate treaty as played out at COP19, where the author conducted video-taped in-depth interviews with activists in the global youth climate justice movement.  Two key questions addressed include:  What is the state of play in the negotiations?  What are the prospects that the global climate justice movement can pressure the nations into the kind of serious negotiations that will be required for the 2015 deadline of a binding climate treaty that takes into account the state of the science?   The treaty process is first presented in the larger context of the 2013 IPCC climate science report, U.S. President Obama’s 2013 climate action plan, and other key global developments around climate policy.  Central events of COP19 are then assessed, including the dramatic speech by the Philippines delegate Yeb Saño, key side events on climate science, and various actions by civil society, including the walkout that took place on the penultimate day of the conference, with particular attention to the organizing of the global youth climate justice movement.   The paper closes with analysis of the decisions adopted at COP19 and future prospects for a treaty moving forward to the 2015 deadline the UNFCCC has set for this."
722088,"Theodore C. Wagenaar, Miami University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Teaching and Learning in Sociology Paper Session. Capstones, Culminating Experiences, and Senior Seminars: Meaningful Teaching Ideas that Help Students Put It All Together",Service Learning in the Capstone Course,Section,I shifted the emphasis in my capstone course from a more traditional examination of the discipline to a more applied approach that highlights public sociology. Incorporating service learning was the core element of the shift. I describe the course and the service learning assignment and examine data from students. I share my reactions to the experience and offer some suggestions.
722090,"Jonathan Pechman Latner, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Timothy Smeeding, University of Wisconsin-Madison","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Paper Session. Inequality, Poverty, and Mobility","Taxes, Transfers, and Economic Mobility in the Middle Class",Section,"Intragenerational mobility (IRM) is integral to understanding how income changes across the lifecycle and the ways in which economic, demographic, and policy change affects family finances. To identify the underlying components of stasis and change, we assess the economic and demographic characteristics of the non-elderly who move up and down the distribution and those who remain in place, capturing the effects of tax and benefit policy on each group using PSID data from 1970 - 2009. We show that there are notable changes in IRM across the distribution, systematic differences in those who move up and down in the distribution, and the contributing factors for those moves. Our results suggest that public tax and transfer policy helps maintain income stability for middle income families, but does not alter the trajectory for low or high income families."
722091,"Douglas Avella-Castro, University of Washington-Tacoma","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Critical Reflections: The Study of Religion and the Methodology of True Reflexive Praxis in Puerto Rico,Roundtable,"Through a close look at the current debates in the study of religion, as well as, a critical analysis of my experiences as a researcher in (neo)colonial Puerto Rico, I illustrate the importance of true reflexive praxis as methodology. I argue that critical scholars focus on praxis in the field itself to see how knowledge (formed and re-formed) might serve to perpetuate or challenge forms of oppression and domination. I also share some of the unique methodological challenges that arose during my own fieldwork in la iglesia ‘Ciudad de Refugio’ in Naguabo, Puerto Rico. I offer this to show the indispensability of of true dialogue and true praxis for scholarship, for the researcher in the field, and the people being studied. My hope is that by examining praxis in the field, scholars can see how they might be contributing to oppressive processes that harm the people who we hope our work might help."
722092,"Christie L. Parris, Emory University; Heather L. Scheuerman, Towson University","Tue, August 19, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Social Movement Outcomes,Social Movements Matter: Including Sexual Orientation as a Protected Status in State-Level Hate Crime Legislation,Regular,"Purpose: This paper examines the conditions under which states include sexual orientation as a protected status in hate crime policy. Previous work in this area focuses on structural aspects such as social disorganization, economic vitality, and states’ political characteristics such as voter party affiliations, governor’s political party, and the makeup of the state legislature. Less is known about the influence of social movements on the passage of this type of policy. Methodology/Approach: Using an event history analysis, we test how state-level measures of social movement resource mobilization and political context affect policy passage from 1983-2008. Findings: Our findings indicate that social movement resource mobilization and the political climate are particularly important to our understanding of the inclusion of sexual orientation as a protected status in state-level hate crime policy. Research Implications: We add to the literature by highlighting the importance of social movement factors in anti-gay hate crime policy passage. Social Implications: With the 2013 Supreme Court decisions regarding the unconstitutionality of the Defense of Marriage Act (U.S. v. Windsor) and Proposition 8 in California (Hollingsworth et al. v. Perry et al.), and with states increasingly legalizing same-sex marriage, gay rights are being heralded as the next civil rights struggle. Consequently, anti-gay hate crime policy is an optimal case for studying the political consequences of social movements. Originality/Value of Paper: We add to the previous research by examining the importance of social movement and contextual factors in the adoption of anti-gay hate crime policy using a novel database."
722093,"Cristobal Young, Stanford University; Kathy Kroeger, Stanford University","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Quantitative Methodology,Incorporating Model Uncertainty into Social Science Research:  A Computational Estimator for Model Robustness,Regular,"Model uncertainty is pervasive in social science. A key question is how robust empirical results are to sensible changes in model specification. We present a comprehensive estimator that can test robustness across sets of possible controls, variable definitions, standard errors, and functional forms. This allows researchers to become meta-analysts of their own empirical strategies, focusing on model ingredients and distributions of results rather than on specific estimates. We emphasize (1) the difference between statistical significance and model influence, and (2) the concept of the influence regression, showing how model ingredients affect the coefficient of interest. Using a series of social science data sets, we demonstrate the core functionality and practical value of the robustness estimator."
722094,"Alexa Jane Trumpy, St. Norbert College","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,How Movements Use Converts: Case Studies of the Utilization of Conversion in Two Movements,Roundtable,"Previous sociological research on conversion examines the mechanisms increasing the likelihood of a dramatic change in belief or worldview. This study extends our understanding of conversion by looking at how social movement organizations use converts for their benefit. I analyze news articles, blog and website postings, expositional memoirs, and organizational documents covering two recent converts. The first is Abby Johnson, a former Planned Parenthood clinic director who now holds a senior position in three nationally prominent pro-life organizations. The second is Jenna Miscavige Hill, the niece of the current leader of the Church of Scientology, David Miscavige, and a former member of the Sea Organization, the most secretive and authoritative organization within Scientology. After leaving the Church, Hill co-founded an anti-Scientology organization. I find social movement organizations primarily use converts to verify pre-existing claims and theories, demonize the opposition through exposé, gain media attention and other resources, symbolize success, and provide movement actors with inside knowledge of the opposition."
722097,"Glenda M. Flores, University of California-Irvine","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Latino/a Sociology Paper Session. The Latino/a Middle Class,The Hidden Chicana/Latina Cultural Pedagogy in Multiracial Elementary Schools,Section,"This study uses qualitative data to investigate how middle-class Latina teachers incorporate Latino cultural resources into their teaching in order to help Latino students and their parents in the context of multiracial schools. Previous scholarship argues that Latino cultural resources are unwelcome in many educational settings, but multiracial schools allow for a different scenario. Drawing on ethnographic research in two “majority-minority” multiracial elementary schools in Los Angeles County, this study argues that Latina teachers exercise the “hidden Chicana/Latina cultural pedagogy” in their teaching to facilitate Latino children and immigrant parents’ incorporation into American society. The pedagogy is comprised of communication styles, immigrant narratives, and alternative mathematical problem solving, all vibrant elements of Latino culture that rupture the “normative” school curriculum. Latina teachers’ efforts, however, are met in contrasting ways in each of the schools. This study has implications for future work on racial/ethnic minority teachers that work in “majority-minority” schools, and points to the understudied importance of the deployment of Latino cultural resources in these environments."
722098,"Andrew Raridon, Purdue University; Rachel L. Einwohner, Purdue University; Tamara L. Mix, Oklahoma State University","Sat, August 16, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Cultures of Food Production and Consumption,Workarounds and Roadblocks: Framing Risk in Local Pasture-based Livestock Operations in Oklahoma,Regular,"Much work in the past two decades has explored the emergence and importance of alternative food and farming movements.  The grassfed, or pasture-based, livestock movement is an increasingly important alternative agricultural movement, yet has remained relatively unexamined by social movement researchers.  In this paper, we examine instances of high-risk activism within a group of pasture-based livestock producers using sublegal and illegal procedures to slaughter, process, and distribute grassfed animal products to local consumers.  Using 31 qualitative interviews with grassfed ranchers in Oklahoma, we illustrate the primary ways they frame the risks associated with their activities.  We find that these producers justify their unlawful actions by insisting that consumers should share in the responsibility to ensure food safety and by characterizing conventional agricultural authorities as biased entities that only represent agribusiness interests.  Through their actions these producers are purposefully creating a new food system more aligned with their vision of what small-scale agriculture should look like.  These findings underscore the importance of considering risk in social movement activism and provide insight into the tactics and goals some alternative agricultural actors are using to protest conventional agricultural systems."
722100,"Chinyere Osuji, State University of New Jersey-Rutgers at Camden","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Family and Kinship in Diverse Settings,Migration and Marriage: A New Perspective on Interracial Marital Unions in Contemporary Brazil,Regular,"Brazil has undergone major population shifts in the last sixty years, with migrants from rural areas moving to urban centers in the more industrialized Southeast. In addition, there has been significant migration in the opposite direction from the Southeast to the Northeast, as well as within-regional migration. Although population composition, physical proximity, educational attainment, and age cohort are known to be related to likelihood of intermarriage (Ribeiro and Silva 2009; Schwartzman 2007; Telles 2004), the role of internal migration has not been addressed, despite its impact in the U.S. context (Rosenfeld and Kim 2005). In this paper, I examine 2009 data from the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) to understand the impact of internal migration on heterosexual interracial marital unions in Brazil. I find that displacement from community of origin predicts the odds of inter-color marital unions for brown, whites, and blacks, although the effect depends on who marries whom. These findings provide a new perspective on the mechanisms in Brazilian marriage markets that lead to interracial marriage. Rather than proximity of racial others, this study shows that distance from communities of origin is part of the mechanisms involved in crossing racial boundaries in processes of family formation. Understanding migration as part of the process of interracial marriage for many couples reveals patterns in how people form interracial marital unions despite the norm of intra-racial marriage."
722103,"Edward Berchick, Princeton University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Research Poster Session. Communicating Sociology,Is Child Health Associated with Family Formation? Evidence from a Cohort of British Women,Poster,"Research has increasingly focused on the contribution of childhood health for the production and reproduction of socioeconomic and health inequalities. For reasons I offer below, childhood health may also shape family formation—marriage and fertility—which is inextricably tied to the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage. Marriage and fertility patterns allocate the distribution of disadvantage across generations in ways that can exacerbate or offset the already studied intergenerational linkages. In turn, these demographic processes shape the more-studied relations between social origins and child wellbeing. The presence (or absence) of parents and the stock of human/economic capital shape children’s early life environments and life chances. To investigate this connection between childhood health and family formation, I use data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the links between a number of measures of childhood health (including birth weight, chronic conditions, and mental health) and fertility, marriage, and assortative mating."
722104,"Emily Noelle Ignacio, University of Washington-Tacoma","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Home and The Filipino Channel: Stabilizing Economic Security, Migration Patterns, and Diaspora through New Technologies",Roundtable,"In recent years, scholars from various disciplines have interrogated what circumscribes the concept of “home” (see, for example, Barros (2008; Cieraad (2010).  Because of my own research on transnational movements of various peoples and images between the Philippines and other places in the world, particularly, the United States (for which they once served as a colony), I have been increasingly pushed towards asking that key question: What does it mean to be “home”? Drawing on Sandoval’s Methodology of the Oppressed, Foucault’s ideas of what it means to be “free”; and, Reagon’s (1983) musings and warnings the difficulties of feeling “home” in this house that race, gender, class and colonization built, I ask how it is possible for those of us who have been negatively impacted, but have simultaneously greatly benefitted, from these various oppressions to feel home, anywhere.  Specifically, I illustrate the role of new technologies, particularly The Filipino Channel, in maintaining the Philippines’ economic security via brokering Filipino labor by defining and redefining our notions of “home.” Although many who have experienced various intersections of power have reflected and engaged in discussions about “home,” I focus, more specifically on members of diasporas of present or former colonies whose countries are still deeply dependent on the countries that colonized them.  Whether Puerto Ricans in the US, Algerians in France, or Filipinos in the US, our notions of “home,” our positions, and ourselves reflect our past and present social, political, economic, and cultural relationships with this (technically, former) colonial power."
722105,"Danielle Giffort, University of Illinois-Chicago","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",The Specter of Timothy Leary: Telling Stories and Performing Credibility in Contemporary Psychedelic Science,Roundtable,"From the late 1940s to early 1960s, many scientists viewed psychedelic drugs as promising tools for understanding and treating mental illness—that is, until the federal classification of psychedelics as Schedule I substances in 1970 blocked their research. Since the 1990s, however, psychedelic research on human subjects has been slowly resuming. The history of psychedelic drugs and psychedelic research, however, has created credibility struggles for contemporary psychedelic scientists. Based on archival documents, field observations, and semi-structured interviews, I find that a key means through which these researchers attempt to reestablish themselves and their field as credible is through an explicit and repeated distancing from the specter of Timothy Leary—a Harvard psychologist who went from being a prominent psychedelic scientist to countercultural psychedelic evangelical, and who is frequently held responsible for the decades-long interruption on psychedelic research. I argue that stories told within this scientific community about Timothy Leary function to regulate the actions of contemporary psychedelic researchers. Therefore, this paper brings together sociological literature on storytelling with science and technology studies literature on boundary work and credibility to understand how stories shape the performance of the credible scientific self and community."
722106,"Cindy L. Cain, University of Minnesota","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sex and Gender Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Gendering Emotion Management Strategies: Caring and Boundaries in Hospice Work,Roundtable,"Caring work requires a great deal of emotion management: workers must respond appropriately to the feelings of others, while also keeping their own emotions within organizationally defined bounds.  Previous studies have shown that emotion management practices are not gender neutral, frequently conveying and reproducing gender within the setting.  Using ethnographic and interview data, this study examines gendered ideas of quality within hospice work, a type of labor that is often assumed to favor feminine emotion management qualities like friendliness, listening, and caring.  I find that these qualities are highly valued by hospice workers, but more masculine emotion management strategies like keeping calm and maintaining boundaries are also highly valued—sometimes even above feminine qualities.  Furthermore, because some feminine qualities are applied to men as well as women, while the most valued masculine qualities are only applied to men, these ideas about quality emotion management strategies disadvantage women in two ways: first, women are assessed as more susceptible to burnout than men, and second, co-workers assume women will provide emotional support to their colleagues as well as patients, thus increasing their emotional labor burden."
722107,"Cindy L. Cain, University of Minnesota; Monica Frazer, Allina Health; Rusudan Kilaberia, University of Minnesota","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Identity Work within Attempts to Transform Health Care,Roundtable,"Work within teams, while increasingly common, is poorly understood.  Applying sociological research on small group processes, organizational research on designing effective teams, and applied knowledge on teamwork practices, this paper pushes analysis of team functioning to include workers’ experiences of self.  Specifically, this paper links care team roles to team members’ identities in a health care model  designed to transform late life care.  We examine a newly implemented healthcare team with an innovative mission to deliver late life services, and find that role ambiguity can both create tensions and provide opportunities for meaning making.  Our findings highlight temporal dimensions of identity and team work."
722109,"Martin A. Monto, University of Portland; Frank Deryck, University of California-Irvine; Nick McRee, University of Portland","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Mental Health Roundtable Session,Self-Injury among Adolescents: Gender and Cultural Issues,Roundtable,"The study estimates the prevalence and describe gender differences in reported non-suicidal self-injury among a representative sample of high school students. Using CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data from Vermont in 2011, the prevalence of self-injury and variables believed to predict self-injury were estimated for high school age boys (N=4313) and girls (N=4178) as well as both genders combined. Point biserial correlations and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate predictors of self-injury. Approximately 7.4% of boys and 17.9% of girls reported purposefully hurting themselves without wanting to die at least once during the previous 12 months. Fighting, forced sex, being bullied, being sad, planning suicide, attempting suicide, identifying as gay or lesbian, trying to change body weight, and alcohol, tobacco, and drug use were significantly correlated with self-injury. Logistic regression, using backwards elimination of variables revealed different predictors according to gender, with fighting significant for only boys (Odds Ratio=2.11; 95% CI=1.3-3.41) and forced sex (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.20-2.44), being bullied (OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.41-2.45), and trying to change body weight (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.28- 2.19) significant only for girls, and alcohol and marijuana use not significant for either. Findings indicate that non-clinical populations of high school students, especially girls, are at high risk of self-injury. Efforts to treat and prevent self-injury should ideally begin before these behaviors require emergency room visits or are discovered in clinical settings. Existing understandings of the causes of self-injury are supported, though some gender differences emerge."
722117,"Charles B. Perrow, Yale University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Paper Session. Organizations and Social Inequality",Some Cracks in the Regulatory Capitalism Formulation,Section,"Recent scholarship asserts the rise of the “regulatory state” and “regulatory capitalism” (e.g. Braithswaite, Levi-Faur, Potaski, Prakash, Sabel, Zeitlin, Bartley, Vogel) This essay critiques these concepts by focusing upon the difference between declining public regulation (because of business and congressional efforts) and increasing private regulation (because of globalization, technology and increased interdependency), with the latter focused upon the private rather than the public good.  Eg, the literature in particular celebrates the rise of NGOs but fails to see that as attempts to make up for declining public regulation.  I explore deregulation in the financial sector, transportation, industrial accidents, and the public sector (e.g. Postal Services, education) and make the case that we have the deregulated state and deregulated capitalism."
722118,"Erendira Rueda, Vassar College","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Children/Youth/Adolescents: Youth Identities: Voices and Perspectives,Natural Enchantment versus Commodified Enchantment: Idealized Childhoods in Norway and the United States,Regular,"Data on children’s every day lives in Norway and the United States were gathered through the circulation of teddy bears and an accompanying diary to members of first grade classrooms in Oslo and the New York mid-Hudson Valley. One of the overarching questions addressed in the comparative international project discussed in this paper is: “What are ideal childhoods made of around the world?”  We explored this question by examining how families choose to represent themselves in diary narratives, what they think is worth mentioning about their lives and what kinds of activities, practices, traditions, and rituals they think are appropriate and ideal to convey. As the data that we gathered suggests, the role of commodities and the representation of commercialized childhoods varies across cultural contexts. The data produced by children and family members in the U.S. suggests that an American ideal childhood is “made of” a wide array of name-brand products, whereas the narratives that emerged in the Norwegian diary data seemed to emphasize a range of other things, such as the importance of being physically active in the outdoors and the value of social networks."
722119,"Cole Nicholas Carnesecca, University of Notre Dame","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Revolution and Religious Reform: The Indigenous Church Movement in Republican China,Roundtable,"What accounts for the occurrence of conservative religious reform in the wake of radical revolutionary change? This paper begins to explore this theoretical question by considering the emergence of theologically conservative indigenous churches in China during the Republican period until the outbreak of war with Japan (1911-1937). During this period, a number of geographically and organizationally diverse indigenous Christian movements emerged. While a change in Chinese law allowing for Chinese established churches seemingly lies at the heart of this change, there are a number of important causal mechanisms which account for the particular relationship between revolution and religious reform that we find in the Republican Era indigenization movement."
722121,"Justin Grant Louie, Northwestern University","Sat, August 16, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Sexualities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Once Essential, Now Irrelevant? The Decline of the Gay Bar",Roundtable,"Up until the 1980s, gay bars served as vital community institutions central in the lives of gay men.  Yet, starting in the 80s, the number of gay bars began a precipitous decline.  Initially caused by the AIDS epidemic, the decline did not cease as the epidemic abated.  This paper argues that the cause of the decline can be linked to the rise of the Internet and cell phone use, the integration of gay people into broader society, changing neighborhoods, and bar owners’ strategic maladaptation to a changing environment.  The paper pays particular attention to the role of gay integration into society in the decline, suggesting that social movement scholars can look to this example to better understand the complex dynamics that lead social movements to achieve unintended outcomes."
722122,"Shinwon Noh, Cornell University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Organizations: Cultivating organizational audiences and audience reactions,Audience-Dependent Effect of Category-Spanning by U.S. Art Museums,Regular,"This study presents three core findings that help understanding the mechanism by which category-spanning affects organizational outcomes. First, I showed that audiences of different nature react to category-spanning differently. While the professional audience penalizes art museums’ category-spanning behavior, the public audience favors the museums that provide an array of different domains by spanning multiple categories. Second, the results also illuminate that the public is less likely to reward category-spanning art museums that are positively evaluated by the professional audience. I use the notion of conflicting logics to account for this. Third, whereas holding additional membership in non-arts categories has negative impact on the growth of resource-abundant art museums, the same variable appears to have positive impact on the growth of resource-scarce art museums. These results suggest that category-spanning is not uniformly damaging to all organizations in the same organizational field."
722123,"Koji Ueno, Florida State University; Preeti Mansukh Vaghela, Florida State University","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Sociology of Mental Health Paper Session. The Economy, Work, and Mental Health","Sexual Orientation, Gender Composition of the Occupation, and Mental Health in Young Adulthood",Section,"Sexual minorities have higher rates of mental health problems than heterosexuals, and the extent of this disparity varies across social positions.  The present study seeks to extend the literature by considering occupations as one of such social positions.  Among various occupational characteristics, the study focuses on gender composition, which may shift the level of exposure to work stress and the availability of coping resources for sexual minorities.  The study analyzes young adulthood data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) using depressive symptoms and drug dependence symptoms as outcome measures.  Although the results depend on what combinations of sexual orientation measures and mental health outcomes are used, the analysis revealed general patterns.  Among women, the mental health disadvantage for those reporting same-gender or both-gender orientation increases as the percentage of female workers in the occupation increases.  Among men, the disadvantage of those reporting same-gender orientation reduces as the percentage of female workers increases."
722124,"Saskia Nauenberg, University of California-Los Angeles","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Transforming Institutional Practices of Human Rights,Spreading the Truth: How Truth Commissions Address Human Rights Abuses in the World Society,Regular,"In the last thirty years, truth commissions have proliferated worldwide and become a standard component of the international peacebuilding repertoire. As a result, diverse post-conflict states with disparate histories of human rights abuses have established the same institution. Drawing on world society theory (WST), this research explains why truth commissions have become a global paradigm for addressing crimes committed in vastly different contexts. Data from 34 founding charters reveals that truth commissions have increasingly been established to pursue four rationalized myths. Tracing the history and prevalence of the two most central myths— truth commissions 1) provide the complete truth, and 2) promote reconciliation— this paper shows that transnational institutional pressures, rather than a state’s particular conflict or political transition, shape commission objectives. This research refines WST to demonstrate that the diffusion of truth commissions is not a passive top-down process, but rather distinct actors from both the core and the periphery have developed and promoted different rationalized myths, spreading a multifaceted, uneven, and changing global truth commission model."
722125,"Robin Leidner, University of Pennsylvania","Sun, August 17, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Popular Culture and the Politics of Authenticity,To See or Not to See: Race and Theatrical Casting,Regular,"In nontraditional casting, actors fill roles in which they differ from the character they play, most often by race. This practice stretches norms of representation and calls on audiences to suspend their ordinary assumptions about what bodily characteristics convey. Drawing on theater professionals' experiences with and opinions about non-traditional casting based on race or ethnicity, this paper analyzes what such casting decisions reveal about contextual variability in the meanings attached to physical signifiers of race."
722127,"Leland T. Saito, University of Southern California","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,From Whiteness to Colorblind Public Polices: Racial Formation and Urban Development,Roundtable,"In this contemporary era, as US society attempts to move toward racial equality, there is major disagreement among scholars regarding the degree to which public policies contribute to racial inequality.  Discussion of a post-racial society and colorblind ideology suggests that racial discrimination has been greatly reduced, while research on whiteness and systemic racism asserts that racial discrimination remains deeply imbedded in US institutions.  Using three case studies involving development in Southern California, I contribute to this debate by documenting and analyzing shifts in public views toward race, how those changing views are translated into public policies, and the racial effects of those policies."
722129,"Daniel L. Carlson, Georgia State University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Aging and the Life Course Paper Session. Changes in the Timing of Life Course Transitions in Young Adulthood: Taking Longer, Maybe Never",Do Differences in Intentions Explain Racial/Ethnic Variation in Family Formation Outcomes?,Section,"Racial/ethnic differences in family formation are well-documented and scholars have often pointed to both structural and cultural/ideational factors to explain them. Yet, investigations into the role that cultural/ideational differences play have been sparse and limited in numerous ways. Using NLSY79 data, this study investigates how variations in family formation intentions explain group differences in family formation outcomes for the occurrence, timing, and sequencing of marriage and parenthood. Significant differences in family formation outcomes and intentions are found across race/ethnicity. Intentions for marriage entry and timing explain approximate 33% of the Black-White difference in age at first marriage and substantially suppress Hispanic-White differences in age at marriage. For other outcomes – ever marrying, becoming a parent, age at first birth, and nonmarital childbearing – intentions account for less than 10% of group differences."
722133,"Cary Beckwith, Princeton University","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Who Belongs? How Status Influences the Experience of Gemeinschaft,Roundtable,"What are the benefits of high status? Sociologists associate status with power, and in turn with access to the good things in life. But previous research suggests that status does not have a positive, linear relationship with all benefits. This paper investigates how a person’s status influences her experience of gemeinschaft, sometimes called “we-feeling.” We-feeling appears as a benefit in the context of the American communitarian movement. One theory suggests that higher status would provide a heightened experience of we-feeling. I introduce an alternate theory, one that predicts a different relationship between status and we-feeling. While a person with high status may hold more power than those below her, she also experiences more social distance from them, which in turn diminishes the sense of belonging that characterizes we-feeling. I test the plausibility of these two theories using data from the Urban Communes Project, a survey of 60 naturally occurring gemeinschaft groups."
722134,"Pallavi Banerjee, Vanderbilt University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Men as Dependents: Household Division of Labor in Women-Led Families of Indian Migrant Nurses,Roundtable,"The Immigration Act of 1990 introduced the distinctive category of non-immigrant skilled workers’ visas or the H-1B visas. While Indian male high-tech workers have been the largest recipients of the skilled-workers’ visas, what has garnered less attention is the migration of Indian women nurses who have been migrating to the U.S. since the 1970s on immigrant visas as a result of nursing shortages. Immigration reforms in 1990 made it possible for skilled workers to bring their spouses and children on what is called the dependent visa. The “dependent visa” puts many restrictions on the spouses of skilled workers. It disallows dependent visa holders to work for pay until the lead migrant has gained permanent residency in the U.S., a process which can take anywhere between five and fifteen years. This policy has created migrant families where men stay home as dependents and women, as in case of my research, the nurses are the main wage earners. How does this reversal in status upon migration affect the doing of gender in these households? I find that in these families, despite the visa enforced status reversal, the traditional gendered division of labor does not change except in the context of childcare. The paradox of the situation is embedded in the fact that childcare, including caregiving and caretaking, is typically viewed to be feminine. I therefore argue that the men are somewhat engaging in disrupting gendered norms by becoming caring nurturers, despite their unwillingness to acknowledge such."
722135,"Claudio Ezequiel Benzecry, University of Connecticut","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Nations/Nationalism,"Nation Matters. On British Sports, Professional Jerseys and the Inscription of Argentinean “National Feeling”",Regular,"While we know a lot about everyday or banal forms of nationalism in terms of representations, we still know little about the menial everyday inscriptions in material forms of the nation as a particular form of imagined solidarity in things beyond its conceptualization as a process of sacralization. This paper looks at the peculiar trajectory of the jerseys of the national team for three originally British sports (soccer, field hockey and rugby) in Argentina to inquiry about the competing claims that get articulated in each one. Focusing mostly on what makes the jersey authentic in the eyes of casual fans in the marketplace, and the role brand and sponsorship play in guaranteeing said authenticity, this paper develops a two-fold comparison between the sports; and between soccer club teams and national association teams. Using online sources from e-commerce, advertising and journalistic articles, the article concludes by showing the manifold ways in which each sport manages to present stylized common features of the nation, as well as how they depart and vary and why, with a special emphasis of how the particular history of each sport affords certain claims and material inscriptions but not others."
722136,"Kelsey Meagher, University of California-Davis; Nicole Woolsey Biggart, University of California-Davis","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Using Social Institutions to Promote Social Welfare: A Multi-Sectoral Approach to Social Problems and Solutions,Roundtable,"We develop an analytical approach to understanding the social foundations of contestations over social welfare and socially appropriate solutions. Borrowing a classification system from Biggart & Delbridge (2004), we highlight four distinct logics that motivate and constrain actors in different sectors. Recognizing that social goods are often valued by multiple sectors, each with different institutional logics and legitimacy needs, we argue that the most acceptable solutions for social welfare problems will draw on multiple logics that are embedded in different legitimate institutions. This approach moves beyond the dominant utilitarian approach to contextualize social welfare solutions within diverse institutional and cultural settings. We use several case studies on water governance to demonstrate the utility of this approach, but these insights also extend to other social welfare problems involving the allocation of resources whose scarcity threatens human survival and dignity."
722141,"Chi Phoenix Wang, Harvard University","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Learning to Bartend: The Training Process in a Professional Bartending School,Roundtable,"This paper examines the training process in a bartending school as a professional organization that prepares their trainees for jobs in service sector. Drawing on my ethnographic data from a bartending school, I demonstrate in detail how technical, emotional as well as regulatory skills in bartending are taught and learned. The findings illustrate the ways in which bartending students are trained to become drink producers, service providers as well as law-enforcement agents."
722142,"Samuel Cohn, Texas A&M University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. Democracy, Development, and Decline",Transformational Development in the Face of Historicist Inertia: Nations Which Altered Their Growth Trajectories 1870-1950,Section,"ABSTRACT       The macrosociology of development is under attack from new historicist models of growth. Salvatore Babones and James Mahoney show that the levels of economic development in the contemporary period are determined by income levels in the distant past. Countries rarely move between the periphery, the semi-periphery and the core. If the present is largely determined by the past, then most studies of the present become epiphenomenal – which invalidates a great deal of development sociology.      This paper acknowledges the reality of the historicist critique – but offers an alternative strategy for identifying the cases of transformational development. If past levels of wealth determine present rates of growth, one can consider which nations had relatively high rates or low rates of growth net of their previous level of economic development. Countries with high or low residuals are countries with factors that substantially promoted or hindered growth above and beyond levels expected from historicist inertia.      Estimating transformational development net of historicist inertia for the nations of 1870-1950 produces surprising findings. The breakthrough late developers are not Germany or Japan but a completely different set of nations.    We argue that dynamics associated with the rise of petroleum, the social organization of agriculture and strategic neutrality in geopolitical conflicts account for these transformational developments. This is in marked contrast to the manufacturing based, and imperialism based explanations growth that dominate current macrosociology."
722147,"Angele Christin, Princeton University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Paper Session. Work and Occupations Inside Organizations","Which Bloggers Get Paid? Journalistic Work, Evaluation, and Compensation at a French News Organization",Section,"Organizations are complex cultural sites where different definitions of “good work” often coexist. Yet we know little about the practical strategies developed by workers to avoid open contradictions between different categorizations and evaluations of professional worth. Drawing on ethnographic analysis of a news website in France, I describe the daily tension between two principles of evaluation in defining journalistic value: an editorial criterion and a “click-based” criterion. I then turn to the question of compensation, a particularly salient subject for understanding how people manage inconsistent modes of evaluation. Focusing on the contentious case of bloggers’ compensation in online news, I report three practical strategies used by individuals to deal with organizational complexity: negotiations over a multi-faceted compensation system, a strategic management of information flows, and, at the discursive level, code-switching depending on the interlocutor."
722151,"Alexey Oshchepkov, State University-Higher School of Economics; Maria Kravtsova, State University-Higher School of Economics; Christian P. Welzel, Leuphana University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Corruption and Social Values: Do Post-materialists Justify Bribery?,Roundtable,"Using World Values Survey data from dozens of countries around the world, this article analyzes the relationship between postmaterialist values and attitudes towards bribery in a multi-level framework. This is an inherently interesting and under-researched topic because the various propensities attributed to postmaterialism lead to conflicting expectations about how these values affect attitudes towards bribery. On one hand, the alleged tendency of postmaterialists towards impartiality should lead them to condemn bribery. On the other hand, condemning bribery is a social desirability issue and postmaterialists are known to be less susceptible to desirability pressures and more relaxed about norm deviations. From this point of view, postmaterialists might react more tolerant to bribery. Reflecting these conflicting expectations, we obtain an ambivalent result, evident in an inverted U-shaped relationship: as we move from pure materialism to mixed positions, people tend to justify bribery more but then moving from mixed positions to pure postmaterialism, people become again more dismissive of bribery. What is more, the demographic prevalence of postmaterialists in a country moderates these values’ effect on bribery: where postmaterialists are more prevalent, the disapproving effect on bribery outweighs the approving effect. This finding contributes to a better understanding of the pronounced negative correlation between corruption and postmaterialism at the country level and has some important implications."
722152,"Marcela Zamboni Lucena, Universidade Federal da Paraíba","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",How Legal Practitioners Could Treat Intimate Partner Femicide in Brazil? An Illustrative Case,Roundtable,This article summarizes conclusions derived from a trial involving the murder of a woman by her intimate partner. Judgments in trials still discriminate by applying to victims social and moral attributes based on traditional gender prejudices and out-of-date social practices.
722153,"Ralph Ittonen Hosoki, University of California-Irvine","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,World Cultural Linkages as a Predictor of Cross-National Variance in Migrant Access to Rights,Roundtable,"There is substantial cross-national variation in the degree to which rights enjoyed by the native citizenry are conferred upon foreign nationals.  Furthermore, non-nationals rarely fully enjoy equal rights unless they naturalize. Despite such variance in accessibility to the legal institution of citizenship, extant studies on the determinants of such variation are fragmented, revealing contradictory findings. Comparative studies are largely qualitative and geographically limited to Western liberal democracies, making generalizable claims difficult; there has also been limited theorization on the impact of international exogenous pressures on state citizenship and nationality laws. Using the 2001 Citizenship Laws of the World dataset to obtain data on the minimum residency length requirements for naturalization as a proxy measure for migrant accessibility to rights, this cross-national study uses OLS regression to compare the explanatory power of world culture variables against domestic economic, political, and demographic variables commonly used in studies on the determinants of citizenship laws. Results show that membership in international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) best predicts cross-national variance in the minimum residency length requirements for naturalization, thereby suggesting that extensive linkages with INGOs and the resulting diffusion of world cultural scripts on human rights into the domestic society and polity influence a state’s willingness to confer to migrants the ultimate means to legal membership and access to rights. (A version of this paper was initially submitted and accepted to the 2013 ASA Annual Meeting; however, the author was unable to attend, and the paper was never presented at the meeting.)"
722154,"Yasemin Soysal, University of Essex","Tue, August 19, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Global and Transnational Sociology Paper Session. Integrating Global/Transnational and Comparative Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Issues,Transnational Trajectories: Studying Nation and Citizenship in East Asia,Section,"Despite sociology’s increasing engagement with global processes, the relationship between global/transnational studies and cross-national, comparative studies remains a question, both conceptually and methodologically.   This paper inquires into this relationship through an empirical focus on the transnationalization of nation and citizenship in East Asia. I attempt to clarify transnationalization as a distinct analytical mode, and in relation to the existing comparative studies.  Based on empirical observations in my own research and an ongoing collaborative project, I identify three specific routes to the transnationalization of nation and citizenship: through externalization of legitimacy, through “theorized” standards and practices, and through projected spaces of participation.  These routes give clues for dynamics of change that are invisible in much of the existing comparative research on East Asia."
722160,"Leslie R. Hinkson, Georgetown University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,The Right Profile? An Examination of Race-Based Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension,Roundtable,"“Racial profiling” has been increasingly cited in the clinical and social science literatures to describe race-based differences in medical diagnoses and treatment However, the extent to which racial profiling in medicine is an empirical reality is debated – partly because the term itself is used to describe competing processes of bias. This article distinguishes between two such processes that influence race-based treatment recommendations - racial profiling and racial valuation. Through a systematic analysis of the role of race in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension, it illustrates that both mechanisms help explain race-based trends in treatment for the disease during and soon after the period in which such treatment becomes validated and encoded in national guidelines. Findings indicate a nuanced process by which sex/gender mediates not only the effect of race on treatment recommendations but also the mechanism through which racialized treatment operates. They also suggest that over time drugs may take on a racial character, leading to the systematic identification of certain drugs with specific races, driving treatment patterns that conflate race with legitimate medical criteria."
722161,"Peter Brendan Barr, University of Akron","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,Neighborhood Context and Mental Health over the Early Life Course,Roundtable,"A rapidly growing body of literature within the sociology of mental health has demonstrated the importance of neighborhood context in shaping individual mental health above and beyond individual-level factors. Drawing on insights from social disorganization theory, we see how neighborhood disadvantage and disorder play an important role in shaping mental health outcomes. However, the majority of work has been limited in time span and found modest effects. Drawing on a life course perspective within the stress process framework, I will see how neighborhood context influences trajectories of mental health across the early adult life course. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I will examine changes in both depression and substance abuse across a fourteen year period as adolescents transition into early adulthood. I will compare these trajectories and see how they interact with individual level factors to give us a better understanding of these outcomes change over time and how they are moderated by factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and gender. Finally, in exploring the role of stress exposure, I will compare to see if stressful experiences mediate the relationship between neighborhood context and mental health, or if they act as moderators."
722162,"Yao Li, Johns Hopkins University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Mapping the Space for Protest in China,Roundtable,"Authoritarian China abounds with protests. Many of them seem to be tolerated. This is at odds with the conventional wisdom: Authoritarian regimes highly rely on repression to handle contention. This discrepancy raises a question: What types of protests are tolerated and what types are repressed by the Chinese regime? Existing studies do not provide statistical analysis of the boundaries between toleration and repression and most of them are case studies or only has regional data. Adopting the method of “protest event analysis” (PEA), I have generated and analyzed a dataset of 1418 protest events in China from 2001 to 2012. This is the first large nationwide data set of protests in contemporary China as far as I know. The data set demonstrates a substantial protest space in China today. By using binary and multinomial logistic regression models, I find very distinct patterns in the way authorities handled different kinds of contention. According to different forms of protests, I have drawn lines between state toleration and repression. Therefore, my research elaborates that contrary to conventional wisdom, contentious politics in China is not a simple story of repression. This study helps deepen our understanding about the complex relationships between the state and society as well as politics and resistance in authoritarian regimes."
722163,"Thomas Macias, University of Vermont","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Environment and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,An SEM of Sustainable Behavior: Social Context and Consumer Choices in the 2010 General Social Survey,Roundtable,"This paper uses structural equation modeling and data from the 2010 General Social Survey to explore the social basis of sustainable behavior. We specifically examine the way a set of background demographic characteristics and social context indicators work through two latent variables – environmental concern and knowledge of environmental issues – to predict sustainable consumer behaviors such as reduced driving, water usage and household energy consumption.  Among the demographic characteristics, only being male had both strong direct and indirect negative effects on sustainable behavior.  The negative effects of being white and conservative on sustainable behavior were both indirect, working primarily through their negative association with environmental concern.  The positive effect of educational attainment on sustainable behavior was also indirect, primarily a result of its strong positive association with knowledge of the issues.  Among the social context indicators, feeling directly impacted by environmental problems had significant direct and indirect effects on sustainable behavior.  Both urban living and social evenings spent with neighbors had positive direct effects on sustainable behavior and no indirect associations.  Time spent watching television had only an indirect negative effect on the dependent variable, primarily through its direct negative association with knowledge of the issues."
722165,"Ying-Ling Hsiao, Fu-Jen Catholic University","Sat, August 16, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on the Sociology of the Family Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Changes in the Division of Housework among Married Couples in Taiwan,Roundtable,"Based on longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics, this study will examine changes in the division of housework over time and the factors that are related to these changes. There are two main questions to be answered. First, how much overall change is there in the division of housework among married persons in Taiwan over time? Second, we would like to examine the effects of relative working hours and economic dependence on changes in the division of housework over time. In this study, we used data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics. This data set allows us to examine changes in the division of housework for three cohorts of married couples in Taiwan. The oldest cohort was born between 1935 and 1954, the second cohort was born between 1953 and 1964, and the youngest cohort was born between 1964 and 1976. The analytical strategy used in this study was the growth curve modeling that allows us to examine trajectories of changes in the division of housework. The present findings indicate there was no significant change in married men’s housework over time, whereas there was a cubic relationship between time and married women’s housework. Also, relative working hours and economic dependence were associated with changes in the division of housework over time.   The longitudinal data from these three cohorts support the ideas of time availability and dependency model that one’s working hours and economic dependence are associated with his or her amount and share of housework."
722166,"Lori Qingyuan Yue, University of Southern California","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Economic Sociology: Regulatory and Local Responses to Financial Crisis: Discursive, Cultural and Social Structural Foundations",Elite-Driven Community Collective Action and the Issues of Currency Substitutes During the Panic of 1907,Regular,"This paper develops a theory of elite-driven community collective action. I argue that mobilizing community collective action is an effective way for elites to protect their interests when the state is weak and they face competition from elites in other areas. But their efforts to mobilize community collective action face the barrier of distrust from the rest of the community. Structures that nurture intra-community solidarity and legitimize elites’ actions help elites to overcome this barrier. In particular, elites’ mobilization efforts are more likely to lead to community collective action in places where the economic inequality is low, disparate groups can be bonded by a collective identity, and elites are able to align their proposed institutional programs with the political environment. I find broad support for these propositions in a study of the issues of small denomination currency substitutes during the Panic of 1907. Moreover, supplementary analyses show that elites who occupy central network positions benefit more from community collective action. These elites’ advantages are further strengthened by religious homogeneity and favorable ideologies but are reduced by community inequality."
722167,"Alexander Kentikelenis, University of Cambridge","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).",When the Welfare State Disappears: Working-class Responses to Rapid Socioeconomic Change in Greece,Roundtable,"How do people respond to mass unemployment and protracted downward mobility? Research from crisis-ridden interwar Europe pointed to instances of social disintegration. After the Second World War, a number of European governments developed comprehensive welfare systems to combat the Beveridgean evils of want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. Despite different institutional configurations across countries, European welfare states have been instrumental in ameliorating the social costs of economic cycle fluctuations and in assisting affected groups to maintain a livelihood. However, the current crises in a number of countries have resulted in staggering unemployment rates and large-scale welfare state reorganization. This backdrop provides a situation akin to a ‘natural experiment’ enabling new inquiries into the societal implications of such changes. This article examines how newly unemployed working-class people have responded to the deep crisis in Greece, the country most adversely affected in Europe, by analysing micro-level processes. Drawing on findings from fieldwork in a community near Greece’s major port, I elaborate on the responses to deprivation by people who until the onset of the crisis were formally employed and enjoyed a range of welfare services. The empirical part of the article traces the reconfiguration of reliance on material, institutional, social and cultural resources working class people draw on in order to secure their livelihoods. In so doing, I set out the conditions and processes via which class forces are being reconstructed to protect the social tissue from becoming subordinated to the market logic (cf. Polanyi 2001)."
722169,"David Valentine Bernard, University of the West Indies","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Development Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Neoliberal Feedback Loop: World Bank Projects in the Caricom Region,Roundtable,"An analysis of the World Bank’s projects in the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) between 1956 and 2012 showed that the Bank has been evolving from a long-term development agency to one which has largely been concerned with managing and mitigating crises. Crises have become the starting point of a neoliberal feedback loop. The development aid/funding necessary to manage these crises come with neoliberal conditionalities, which limit and restructure governments in the periphery in order to facilitate the flow of capital. However, because the projects do not resolve the crises, the loop is reinitialized by subsequent (financial) crises and (natural) disasters. Originally, the larger, resource-rich countries of CARICOM—like Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—received all the region’s projects. This was during the modernization era of the 1960s, and most projects were concerned infrastructure and industry in countries with sufficient size/resources to develop. However, with the rise of globalization, the Bank’s projects have largely been concerned with restructuring the nature of government. In the last decade, most CARICOM projects have been in the Public Administration, Law and Justice sector, reflecting the neoliberal impetus to transform peripheral countries’ governments and make them more receptive to foreign capital. Recent infrastructure projects in the region have been in direct response to natural disasters (hurricanes) which continue to roil the region’s long-term development initiatives."
722172,"Juan Russell Martinez, North Central College","Tue, August 19, 12:30 to 1:30pm, TBA",Section on Latino/a Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Insiders and Outsiders: Latina/o Middlemen in Navigating Ethno-Political Boundaries in a Changing Neighborhood,Roundtable,"Insiders and Outsiders: Latina/o Middlemen  in Navigating Ethno-Political Boundaries in a Changing Neighborhood Juan R. Martinez North Central College    There has been a growing interest in documenting newcomers' social, economic, and political integration into new destinations in the United States. However, we know less about how place-based social structures shape first and second generation integration. This paper examines how Mexican American middle-class professionals, or middlemen, broker for co-ethnics while navigating ethno-political cleavages in a historically white suburban neighborhood in the U.S. Midwest. Latina/o middlemen ability to broker on behalf of residents is shaped by neighborhood ethno-political structures. Mexican American middlemen who are upwardly politically aligned with local white elected officials are insiders. Insiders work to realign the interests of white administrators’ and Latina/o resident’s and do so by serving as communicators and negotiators. Those who are downwardly politically aligned are outsiders. Outsiders are publically critical of the current administration and local ethno-political structure. They call into question ethno-racial inequality in the community and serve as activists and agitators. Outsiders aim to dismantle political practices and policies that reproduce local ethno-racial hierarchies and hinder Latina/o residential integration, while insiders work within the political structure to achieve the same outcome. The findings suggest that local social structures influence Latina/os integration in new destinations and shape how advocates broker on their behalf."
722173,"Deana Rohlinger, Florida State University; Christian Alexander Vaccaro, Indiana University-Pennsylvania; Miriam Sessions, Florida State University; Heather Mauney, Florida State University","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. New Evidence on Identity, Activism, and Protest","Identity Deployment, Social Movements, and the Battle over Terri Schiavo",Regular,"Despite scholarly interest in strategic action at the micro level, we know very little about how individuals strategically deploy identity in their political action apart from social movements or outside of the voting booth. Drawing 2,509 emails sent by individuals to Governor Jeb Bush regarding his efforts to reinsert the hydration and nutrition tubes of Terri Schiavo, we use a resource perspective to analyze when (and how) individuals deploy collective and personal identities in their efforts to encourage and dissuade Bush’s intervention on the Schiavo case as well as whether how individuals deploy identity varies over time. We find that almost half of the individuals emailing Bush invoke an identity and that the extent to which individuals align themselves with a largely collective varies according to their position on the issue, whether there is social movement mobilization, and the broader political context. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the implications of our findings for research on identity and political action."
722174,"Michele Darling, University of Virginia","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,The Lies People Tell Themselves: Eating Identity vs. Behavior,Roundtable,"How does the consumption of junk food affect the meanings people create about health, morality, and food?  Much of the nutrition literature focuses on developing conceptual models of food choice that present consumers as rational and choice-driven.  In contrast, much of the sociological literature admits that while people may have explicable “food rules,” their actual every day food choices are more relational, dependent on context and situation. In reality, their food choices may be a combination of rational, clearly articulated identities disrupted by habitual, unconscious, or unconsidered behaviors.  Semi-structured interviews with 77 adult consumers in two regions revealed a frequent disconnect between a self-proclaimed eating identity and actual eating behavior.  The greatest conflict was seen in self-described “healthy eaters,” who often consciously or unconsciously “slipped” and ate junk food on a regular basis.  In contrast, there was greater alignment in eating identity and behavior amongst those who were either extremely disciplined or who acknowledged eating junk food occasionally.  Understanding the sometimes inconsistent stories people tell about themselves and their junk food choices can highlight how identity and symbolic boundaries can be maintained or become unintentionally permeable."
722175,"Deana Rohlinger, Florida State University; Leslie A. Bunnage, Seton Hall University","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements Paper Session. Social Movements and Media,ICT and Activist Persistence in MoveOn and the Tea Party Movement,Section,"Given the difficulties associated with longitudinal analyses of individual engagement in contemporary, communication-based organizations, we know very little about what causes individuals to stay and leave groups in the digital age. To address this issue, we draw on interview and participant observation data with supporters of two very differently structured contemporary movement organizations (MoveOn.org and the Tea Part Movement) and assess how organizational form shape individual involvement in each group over time. Here, we use Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze interview data collected with 38 respondents at two points in time in order to determine how individual, social, and organizational factors interact and affect whether individuals 1) continue their involvement in a group or 2) leave and get involved in another social movement organization. We find that a single factor – a strong political identity – accounts for individuals’ decision to leave MoveOn and the Tea Party Movement. Explanations for continued involvement, however, are more complex. MoveOn supporters that stay engaged with the group lack a strong political identity and stay involved because the organization offers easy and efficient “big tent” progressive activism. Tea Party supporters, in contrast, remain engaged over time because they regard the group as efficacious in the short and long term. We conclude with a discussion of our results for understanding activism and activist persistence in the digital age."
722177,"Munene Mwaniki, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Body and Embodiment Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Biological Fandom: Our Changing Relationship to Sport and the Bodies We Watch,Roundtable,"In the last few decades our exposure and access to sport has increased dramatically through advancements in television, internet, and phone technologies. I argue that this technological rise in exposure and accessibility has increased biological knowledge and information among ""fans,"" a term I use broadly, and complicated our relationship with sport. Through the use of Foucault's concepts of biopolitics and biopower, together with those of Rose and Novas' notion of biological citizenship, I introduce the concept of ""biological fandom"" as a way to think and talk about the intensification of biological knowledge in and around sport. As a problem space where various relationships of power intersect, biological fandom is where new advances in and levels of access to biological information continually force us to renegotiate established boundaries, thresholds, and ethics. These debates concern issues and dichotomies such as human athletic capability, human and non-human, biology and technology, race and genetics, and gender/sex, among many others. With processes that are both top-down and bottom-up, biological fandom creates new forms and ways of valuing the biological both within and, saliently, outside of sport. Through bringing together and examining different aspects of sport, specifically youth sport injuries, the continued debate surrounding sex/gender and women in sport, and the ever more popular and profitable dimension of fantasy sports, I argue that biological fandom, through an array of actors, continues to change our relationship, in the broad sense of being a fan, to sport, athletes, and ourselves."
722178,"Donald J. Winiecki, Boise State University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Phenomenology of Art Making,Roundtable,"With Sudnow’s trenchant phenomenological analysis of improvisational jazz (1993) it is possible to imagine ethnomethodologically-oriented studies from a unique angle that turns inward to make the analyst’s own practice – the inside of practice – the object of attention. The present study approaches the making of visual, two-dimensional art (paintings) in the same way. In it I follow, Sudnow, Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger to provide interpretive description of the creation and maintenance of a `society' of mental, emotional, physical and social skills and actions that comprise the making of two-dimensional art."
722180,"Heather L. Scheuerman, Towson University","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",How Gender and Race Influence Responses to Injustice Associated with Strain,Roundtable,"Gender and race are important factors that condition perceptions of justice and how one responds to injustice associated with strain. Due to the influence of gender on emotional and behavioral responses to injustice and the influence of race on the experience of strain, males and non-whites are more likely than females and whites to respond to strain with criminal behavior. Less is known, however, regarding how the various types of injustice (distributive, procedural, and interactional), combine to affect prosocial responses to injustice by race and gender. A vignette that depicted a distributive injustice and manipulated levels of procedural and interactional injustice was randomly assigned to a sample of undergraduate students. Logit and OLS regressions reveal that the although criminal responses to injustice are moderated by gender and race in that non-whites are more likely to intend to respond violently to injustice, prosocial responses are not. In addition, when a distributive injustice is present, interactional injustice emerged as a stronger predictor of criminal behavior than procedural injustice. Implications for the relationship that gender and race have in affecting justice preferences and behavioral responses to injustice are discussed."
722181,"Oliver Cowart, Emory University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Marxist Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Capitalist Relations of Production and Class Formation at the Turn of the Century: Comparative Analysis,Roundtable,"There has been little comparative research concerning the development of class structures and class formation during the great wave of capitalist industrial development and class mobilization which swept across Western Europe and its settler colonies during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. An exception to this is Hicks’ (1999) study of early (c. 1920) welfare state consolidation – but this work is concerned with political mobilization and treats questions of development only peripherally. In this paper I undertake a systematic comparative investigation into the relationship between the historical development of capitalist class structures in terms of capitalist relations of production to working class political formation at the turn of the century. I engage in a qualitative comparative analysis of 15 nations indicated in Hicks’ study, comparing a crisp-set operationalization of capitalist relations of production with measures developed by Hicks of early labor mobilization. Consideration of aspects of agrarian class structure, patriarchal authoritarian state lineages and federal vs. unitary structures are also considered. I find ultimately that the development of capitalist relations of production in general – or in the agrarian sector in the context of a repressive landed upper class – constitute a necessary condition for early working class mobilization."
722183,"Jamie L. Lynch, St. Norbert College; Paul von Hippel, University of Texas-Austin","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Medical Sociology Roundtable Session,"Learned Effectiveness, Fundamental Causes, and the Educational Gradient in Self-Rated Health",Roundtable,"This study investigates whether fundamental causes or learned effectiveness can better explain why well-educated young adults report high levels of self-rated health. Using longitudinal data from young adults age 15 to 29 in the NLSY97 and within-person fixed-effect models we find uniform support for fundamental causality; more-educated young adults are healthier and more educated primarily because of social and developmental advantages established in childhood or earlier. Fixed-effects regression models show the educational attainment gradient in self-rated health is large and persistent, but is in place long before educational attainment is completed. Among young adults, our results indicate that the educational gradient in self-rated health is primarily a product of their parents’ socioeconomic status rather than the causal effect of their own educational attainment. After adjustment for selection, the causal effect of educational attainment on self-rated health is close to zero for young adult males and females."
722184,"Ronald R. Aminzade, University of Minnesota","Mon, August 18, 10:30am to 12:10pm, TBA",Section on Political Sociology Paper Session. Re-conceptualizing the Politics of Corruption,The Political Economy of Administrative Corruption: Boundary Politics and Development Policies in Post-Colonial Tanzania,Section,"Most nation-states in sub-Saharan Africa experienced a major transition in their political economies during the twentieth century, from some form of state socialism to neoliberal capitalism.  My research on grand administrative corruption in the East African country of Tanzanian asks how state socialist and neoliberal capitalist economic development policies reconfigured public/private and national/transnational boundaries, thereby altering legal definitions of what constituted corruption and changing opportunities and incentives for, and constraints on, grand administrative corruption.  It historicizes a boundary politics theory of corruption to analyze the impact of alternative economic policies defining socialist and neoliberal development strategies: nationalization and privatization, regulation and deregulation, and implementation and elimination of a Leadership Code for civil servants.  Boundary reconfigurations are historically situated in the broader context of socialist and neoliberal economic development strategies, the changing meanings of and opportunities and incentives for corruption they created, the contentious politics they generated, and the political structures that inhibited or fostered the transformation of corrupt practices into public scandals."
722185,"Claire Laurier Decoteau, University of Illinois-Chicago","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. Habitus,The Reflexive Habitus: Bridging the Gap between Critical Realist and Bourdieusian Social Action,Regular,"Despite claims that Bourdieu’s conception of habitus cannot account for reflexive action, this paper reworks his theory of habitus by suggesting that social selves are always situated at the intersection of multiple and competing social locations (or field positions), which yields the embodied self the capacity for reflexivity and social change.  To make this argument, the paper draws insight from the field of critical realism.  The critical realist and Bourdieusian conceptions of action fundamentally disagree on a number of fronts: the social nature of the self/body; the synthetic versus dualistic relationship between structure and agency; the link between morphogenesis and reflexivity.  Despite these differences, the author argues that re-reading Bourdieu’s theories with attention to some of the core tenets of critical realism can provide insights on how the habitus is capable of reflexive, strategic action and can even produce social change."
722186,"Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley, Georgetown University","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Comparative-Historical Sociology Paper Session. Democracy, Development, and Decline","Rethinking Long-Term, New-World Development:  From Nations to Regions, From Property Rights to Labor-Types",Section,"The very large literatures which seek to account for variations in long-term social and economic development across the nations of the western hemisphere are now quite diverse and have thus generated a good deal of the mutual criticism typically attendant  to such richly diverse opinions.  Yet such diversity also conceals common assumptions in how various authors measure developmental (lack of) success, in that virtually no one gives systematic  attention  – as opposed to passing reference  – to deeply unequal patterns of long-tem development found at the level of subnational regions, not just entire colonial entities or post-colonial nation-states.   Moreover, these authors do not routinely analyze patterns of free vs. coerced labor as analytically separate social forces capable of producing large-scale developmental effects independent of the colonizers’ identity (e.g., British vs. Spanish).  This paper studies (under-)development through both of these new lenses and shows their predictive powers."
722188,"Camila Gelpi-Acosta, National Development and Research Institutes","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Paper Session. Social and Contextual Dimensions of Substance Abuse",Junkie Habitus: On Biopower and Liquid Cuffs,Section,"Methadone programs have been an important drug treatment and HIV prevention intervention in the U.S. However, program participants have faced multiple problems within these institutions, often triggering attrition and negative perceptions of this intervention. Based on a broader sample of 28 heroin users in New York City, 15 methadone program participants were asked to share their experiences within these programs to better understand these issues. Two main reasons inform program enrollment: utilitarianism and mainstreaming. Individual struggles with methadone’s pharmacology and program regulations are depicted. Continued heroin use despite methadone stems from informants’ utilitarian reasons for enrollment and from the Junkie habitus. First, financial/physical desperation greatly influence program enrollment, revealing the involuntary aspects of enrollment. Second, the Junkie habitus challenges biopower (methadone’s pharmacology) because structurally and subjectively, their lives haven’t changed qualitatively with program enrollment. Recommendations for future research are offered.  Keywords: habitus, biopower, Junkie, heroin, methadone, methadone programs"
722189,"Karen Hooge, University of Notre Dame","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Theory Section Roundtable Session (one-hour).,"Naming Practices: Fields, Solidarity, and Power",Roundtable,"The purpose of this paper is to expand two theoretical ideas using the empirical topic of women’s naming practices upon marriage. In the United States, common custom for many years dictated that women take their husbands’ names upon marriage. Since the 1970s, legal restrictions to this regard were removed and second‐wave feminists considered this to be a strong forward move for women. However, not all women decide to keep their names. An alteration to classical field theory can help us understand how the women who find themselves situated firmly in both the public field of work and the semi‐private field of family are the ones for whom naming options are more salient. Applying feminist critiques of power can help us understand how names are a symbolic center of tension between increasing power and decreasing solidarity."
722190,"Alexander Lu, Indiana University","Sun, August 17, 12:30 to 2:10pm, TBA","Section on Medical Sociology Paper Session. Trauma, Victimization, and Health (co-sponsored with the Section on Sociology of Mental Health)","Perceived Risk, Criminal Victimization, and Community Integration: Mental Health in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina",Section,"The author examines how perceived risk, criminal victimization, and community integration affect the mental health of hurricane evacuees.  His objectives are (1) to examine how perceived risk and victimization influence mental health in post-disaster contexts, (2) to analyze how social support and community integration mediate the effects of perceived risk and victimization, (3) to expand the theoretical applicability of the stress process model by analyzing perceived risk and victimization as stressors under disaster conditions.  The author uses survey data collected from 303 evacuees of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita residing in FEMA trailer park communities in Louisiana.  He estimates four nested regression models predicting depression and anxiety.  As a personal judgment of perceived risk, feeling unsafe consistently harms mental health net of residential instability and victimization.  Social support and social integration buffer the stress related to personal judgments of perceived risk and residential instability.  Findings necessitate attention to residential stability, social integration, and community involvement in mitigating perceived risk, victimization, and poor mental health in post-disaster communities."
722191,"Kazuo Yamaguchi, University of Chicago","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Section on Methodology Paper Session. Open Topic II,Decomposition of Gender or Racial Inequality with Endogenous Intervening Covariates as a Causal Analysis,Section,"This paper first clarifies that unlike propensity-score weighting in Rubin’s causal model where confounding covariates can be endogenous,  propensity-score weighting in the DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux (DFL) decomposition analysis generates biased estimates for the decomposition of inequality into “direct” and “indirect” components when intervening variables are endogenous. The paper also clarifies that existing methods, both the DFL method and Blinder-Oaxaca methods, confound the modeling of two distinct counterfactual situations: one where the covariate effects of the first group become equal to those of the second group, and the other where the covariate distribution of the second group becomes equal to that of the first group.  The paper shows that the DFL method requires a distinct condition to provide an unbiased decomposition of inequality that remains under each counterfactual situation.  The paper then introduces a combination of the DFL method with Heckman’s two-step method as a way of  eliminating bias in the DFL estimate when some intervening covariates are endogenous. The paper also intends to bring gender and race back into the center of statistical causal analysis.  An application focuses on the decomposition of gender inequality in income among regular employees in Japan."
722193,"Zachary Schrank, Indiana University-South Bend; Katrina Running, Idaho State University","Sun, August 17, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Consumers and Consumption Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Individual and Collective Consumer Motivations in Local Organic Markets,Roundtable,"Communities nationwide have witnessed a sudden expansion of vibrant farmer's markets, cooperative grocery stores, and new Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs.  But why, exactly, are consumers engaging in this local economic activity?  Scholars are split on the debate around what is driving consumer motivation in alternative organic and local agrarian markets.  Some research suggests that individual concerns, such as nutritional benefits, avoidance of pesticide and chemical residue, taste, and social distinction are the primary factors behind organic consumption.  Other research suggests more collectivist orientations, such as environmental sustainability, economic and political activism, and community interests, are at the root of this consumer behavior.  This research provides some resolution to this debate by uncovering emergent themes in consumer motivational narratives.  We utilize extended interview data with over 50 members of a local CSA program in a large southwestern city to identify these self-expressed motivations.  Our interviews suggest committed CSA members emphasize the need for broadly expanded holistic awareness and support of alternative sustainable agriculture that encompasses both individual and collective concerns as the primary motivating factor in their consumption.  While seeking out high quality foods that are safe for individual consumption, CSA members simultaneously stress the collective benefits associated with local organic economies.  Therefore, the motivational structure of local organic consumption tends not to fall into the individualist/collectivist binary, but instead insinuates a more comprehensive framework that aligns with an emerging eco-habitus exhibited in environmentally conscious market fields."
722194,"Kristina Kahl, University of Colorado-Boulder","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,Voluntary Simplicity: The Vacillating Interactional and Institutional Practices of Christian Simple Livers,Roundtable,"Recent developments have made many Americans powerfully and painfully aware of the economic, environmental, social, and personal impact of their consumption practices. In response, some have turned to a way of life referred to as voluntary simplicity an ideology based on anti-consumptive practices while simultaneously fostering environmental awareness, social responsibility, spirituality and personal growth. This article addresses how faith-based Christian “Simple Livers” negotiate the role of religion paying close attention to the processes through which simple living is disseminated among congregational members, pastors, and religious institutions. The analysis reveals that religion generates both progress and obstruction. Consequently, Simple Livers experience an ongoing push and pull within the interactional and institutional practices of churches. The church constitutes a place for Simple Livers to put their social justice values into practice by participating in volunteer work. Simultaneously there is a lack of support for other aspects of simple living, including social issues such as environmentalism, anti-consumption, and fair trade practices both on a congregational and pulpit level. Drawing on both lifestyle movement and multi-institutional politic literature this research demonstrates the power of institutions in shaping the discourse and actions of social movement actors, consequently advancing the understanding of the interactional processes of power and culture."
722195,"Nancy L. Marshall, Wellesley College","Tue, August 19, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA",Regular Session. For Love and Money:  Emotions and Economics in Caring Labor,Carework among Older Workers,Regular,"This paper argues the importance of considering informal carework in the context of paid work among adults over 50, as women stay in the workforce longer and workers’ parents live longer. Voydanoff (2002) proposes six characteristics of paid work that are associated with well-being: structure, norms and expectations, workplace support, quality of the work performed, the individual’s orientation to work and the social organization of the work itself. Adapting this framework to carework, we can describe carework in terms of structure – the availability of different family members and close friends as caregivers; the social organization of care –the level of demand or burden experienced by the caregiver; norms and expectations for care –e.g., the norms around reciprocity, mutuality and gendered expectations for care; support received by the caregiver; orientation to care – the level of involvement in carework; and the quality of the care experience. This paper uses data from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States on 1,135 workers over 50. We found that 81% of older workers provided 10 plus hours per month of carework members of their social networks, most often as emotional support. More carework hours were marginally associated with greater depressive symptoms. Among the 15% of older workers who provided instrumental carework, such as help around the house, transportation, or childcare, being employed more hours was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. In addition, greater carework at home, especially among women, was associated with greater anxiety."
722196,"Preeti Mansukh Vaghela, Florida State University; Koji Ueno, Florida State University","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Racial-Ethnic Identity Pairings and the Mental Health of Second Generation Asian Adolescents,Roundtable,"This study examines the association between racial-ethnic identity pairings and adolescent mental health among second-generation Asian immigrants in the United States. The study analyzes data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (1995-1996; n=1327) and makes three important improvements from previous research: (1) simultaneously consider racial identity and ethnic identity; (2) include nationality in the operationalization of racial identity; and (3) address two dimensions of ethnic identity—attachment to the country of current residence (the U.S.) and to the parental country of origin. Asian adolescents with strong attachments to their parental country of origin (as indicated by their racial and ethnic identities) have fewer depressive symptoms and higher odds of engaging in problem behavior than those who have a weak attachment to their parental country of origin. In light of these results, we conclude that understanding the relationship between race-ethnicity and mental health requires clarifying a considerable amount of diversity in second-generation immigrants’ life experiences determined by their specific identity pairings, nationality, and attachment."
722197,"Nancy L. Marshall, Wellesley College","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Work Family Challenges Facing Older Workers,Roundtable,"Research on work and family faces new challenges as the U.S. population ages. Our understanding of work and family in the family formation years has grown beyond the question of “multiple roles” to consider the experiences of working parents, the gains, as well as the strains, faced by working parents, the institutional and social contexts of individual experiences, and the diversity of experiences for working families of different configurations, race/ethnicity, and social classes. However, baby boomers are now in their 50’s and 60’s; this generation faces new challenges, as women work longer and workers’ own parents live longer. This paper uses data from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States on 1,135 adult workers over 50 to examine the relation between work and family experiences and emotional well-being. We found that the majority (81%) of older workers provide 10 or more hours per month of care to one or more members of their social networks (family or friends), most often in the form of emotional support. More hours spent in carework was marginally associated with greater depressive symptoms for older workers. However, among the 15% of older workers who provided 10 or more hours per month of instrumental support, such as help around the house, transportation, or childcare, being employed more hours was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. In addition, greater demands at home, and, for women, having a child under 18, was associated with greater anxiety among older workers."
722198,"Elisabeth Julia Simon Thomas, University of California-Los Angeles","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Variation in Parental Displacement Experiences and Children’s Educational Outcomes: Single Mothers’ Post-Displacement Unemployment,Roundtable,"Parental job displacement can lead to a period of unemployment, but the length of unemployment following a displacement varies substantially, in some cases not occurring at all.  Brand and Simon Thomas (2014) find significant decreases in high school completion and college attendance as well as increases in depression among children whose single mothers were displaced.  This study examines variations in single mothers’ job displacement length, using logistic and OLS regression models, and looks at the effects on children’s educational outcomes, using propensity score matching models, to move toward a more nuanced understanding of the effects of parental job displacement on children’s educational outcomes.  The National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY 1979) is used in combination with the Child-Mother File to find that the time that single mothers spend unemployed following a job displacement does not appear to affect their children’s educational choices, beyond the shock of the displacement event itself, other than increasing the chance of part-time college enrollment.  Implications of these findings are discussed."
722199,"Sandra Charvat Burke, Iowa State University; Mark A. Edelman, Iowa State University","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Economic Sociology Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Wealth Inequality at Death: Gender and Location,Roundtable,"Data regarding actual wealth, assets, and net worth of individuals are rarely available, however, probate records in Iowa offer a, perhaps, unique opportunity to measure and examine actual wealth and factors that influence it.  This research examines the influence of gender and locational context on wealth inequality at death.  The analysis utilizes individual estate value information from more than 50,000 probate records of decedents in Iowa.  The estate values are calculated from estate fees assessed in Iowa that are proportional to the size of the estate and are part of the public record.  The findings show that men’s average estate size is larger than that for women, both statewide and in a majority of the counties.  These findings contrast with conventional wisdom which suggests that women, because of longer life expectancy and outliving their husbands, have a majority of the wealth when they die.  The largest differences in average wealth, however, are not by gender but by county location.  Findings show that the average estate values across the counties have a positive relationship with land values, income levels, and educational levels, and a negative relationship with poverty levels.  Both male and female decedents from counties with historically lower incomes and lower land and housing values, have smaller estates, on average, than those from counties with higher income and higher land and housing values.  This suggests that it is life-long access to resources and income that contributes the most to wealth and wealth inequality at death."
722200,"Laurie Essig, Middlebury College","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies",Bury their Hearts: Some Thoughts on the Spectre of the Homosexual Haunting Russia,Regular,"Russia’s anti-gay propaganda laws and anti-gay sentiment have shocked many in the West.  They shouldn’t have. In Soviet Russia, the homosexual was seen as a sign of foreign pollution, a temporary aberration- like a criminal or a disease- that will disappear in a more socialist future. As a result, queer Russians were not so much the stable homosexual species that we saw in the West as much as momentary communities of desire.  In the post-Soviet era, this history of the homosexual as foreign is now confronted with American understandings of gays and lesbians as “born this way” as well as American homophobia that posits the homosexual as a threat to children and the “traditional” family.  By examining the clash between Russian and American histories of sexuality, we can see that the current anti-gay politics in Russia was not predetermined by its history, but certainly shaped by it. With the confluence of an insecure state, growing nationalism, and the increasing importance of conservative Orthodox Christianity, Russia’s history of sexuality has shaped the homosexual into its current form as a threat from outside, akin to Central Asian immigrants in the nationalist imagination, and a threat that must be eliminated."
722201,"Samuel Hoon Kye, Indiana University-Bloomington","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA",Section on Racial and Ethnic Minorities Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Emerging Ethnoburbs: White Flight and Segregation in Suburban Ethnic Neighborhoods,Roundtable,"I use a nationally-representative sample of U.S. Census tracts and the Longitudinal Tract Database to analyze the extent of white flight and segregation in emerging ethnoburb neighborhoods—ethnic yet suburban communities of affluence. Findings suggest that while all ethnoburbs display active patterns of white out-mobility, levels of white flight remain distinctly high for black ethnoburbs. Current segregation patterns show similar outcomes, although Asian and Hispanic ethnoburbs appear uniquely situated to integrate with white residents in the future. I conclude by arguing for the fruitfulness of continued research on ethnoburbs and their consequences for an increasingly diverse American society."
722203,"Salvatore J. Restifo, University of Texas-Pan American","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility Roundtable Session (one-hour).","Racial/Ethnic Competition, Labor Market Incorporation, and the Importance of Place",Roundtable,"Building upon labor market stratification and assimilation frameworks, this article examines how individual, organizational, and structural forces intersect and shape the labor market experiences of immigrants and minorities. Given limited systematic comparative research in this vein, a case-centered comparative design is offered providing analytic leverage for identifying potential stratifying mechanisms linked to local variability. Utilizing U.S. Census microdata (1910-1930), I consider Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City—four cities with unique racial and ethnic compositions, industrial makeup, and socio-political dynamics. Findings demonstrate assimilative behaviors and human capital benefit most immigrant groups and latter generation ethnics relative to employment opportunities and returns. However, discernible group-level inequalities suggestive of racial- and ethnic-based hierarchy, closure, and queuing are evidenced as well. Findings are discussed in light of their broader theoretical implications for understanding historical and contemporary labor market inequality, incorporation, and mobility."
722205,"Nina A. Johnson, Northwestern University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 3:30pm, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Achieving Identities: Black Ivy Graduates and Meaning Making at the Intersections,Roundtable,"Departing from a social determinism that assumes an oversimplified relationship between class status and racial identification among black elites, I use the case of blacks educated at elite universities to advance a changeable and conditional relationship between the two. The two views that have dominated the discourse are crystallized in E. Franklin Frazier’s conception of the black elite as an intentionally separate, self interested, status seeking group of social climbers failing in its responsibility to the masses, aware of its privileged position, but unwilling to participate in any collective racial project and Du Bois’ conception of the black elite as a vanguard advancing the race, embracing its leadership role in the larger black population. I use a combination of methods to explore the social political realities of black elites, highlighting the multi-positionality of the status and the ways privilege and disadvantage operate simultaneously within it. The research emphasizes the narratives black educational elites construct around their career, family, social and residential choices and consumer and political behavior to shed light on their various allegiances and the roles they play in the disparate social worlds they occupy. By illuminating the varied cultural scripts from which blacks elites draw, I offer a multiple, multi-vocal corrective approach to the limited understanding of the practices and norms of the myriad groups that comprise the U.S. black population."
722207,"Suzanna Danuta Walters, Northeastern University","Sun, August 17, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies","Do These Genes Make Me Look Gay? Immutability, Gender Essentialism, and the Trap of Tolerance",Regular,"This paper argues that theories of sexual identity as predetermined and immutable (the “born that way” discourse), have become the common-sense ideology in American culture such that ideas of volition and choice have been banished from our vision of sexual freedom and citizenship.  Further, these “born that way” discourses are tied up with a resurgent gender essentialism that together form a formidable obstacle to feminist and queer understandings of gender and sexual fluidity and liberation.  Even more detrimentally, this new common-sense “truth” underlies the current quest for GLBT rights, a quest framed around a theme of “tolerance” that offers a weak and attenuated vision of a gay-friendly future.  Immutability is the handmaiden to tolerance; both actively disempower more radically integrationist and challenging models of sexual and gender freedom.  This paper offers a critique of the “born that way” mania and examines the ways in which that ideology has provided the ballast for a tepid homonormativity."
722208,"Timothy L O'Brien, University of Evansville","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA","Section on Organizations, Occupation and Work Roundtable Session (one-hour).",Working Knowledge: Occupational Sector Differences in Expert Witness Admissibility,Roundtable,"This paper examines the relationship between occupational sectors and expertise. I develop a theoretical model of expertise as an outcome of social interactions that are shaped by employment contexts. I test my approach using mixed methods with data derived from a content analysis of judicial opinions from patent infringement, discrimination, and medical malpractice litigation in the United States. I investigate a sample of expert witnesses employed in the academic, consulting, and private practice sectors whose admissibility into court was contested by opposing lawyers and decided by judges (n=421). Results from binary logistic regression models reveal significant occupational sector differences in (1) the kinds of testimony expert witnesses provide to courts, (2) lawyers’ strategies for barring opposing expert witnesses from testifying, and (3) judges’ decisions to admit or exclude expert witnesses from court. Findings illustrate how employment contexts shape witnesses’ legal status as experts. I conclude by discussing how these findings contribute to sociological understandings of expertise and knowledge-based professions."
722209,"Jennifer Bea Rogers-Brown, Long Island University-Post","Sat, August 16, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Regular Session. Development, Sustainability, and Food Security in Africa and Latin America","Gender, Corn, and Neoliberal Policy: A Look at NAFTA and GMOs in Oaxaca",Regular,"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) led to a series of interconnected social and economic problems, including restrictions on the ability of Mexican farmers to sell indigenous maize/corn varieties. This has resulted in a loss of farming jobs and a rise in male out-migration in Oaxaca, Mexico. As a result of male out-migration, many Oaxacan women take on greater responsibility inside the home and may need to find work outside the home. A feminist analysis of these interconnected issues reveals concerns impacting rural women, such as the contested issues of imported genetically modified corn, the changing gendered divisions of labor, and women’s roles in decision-making and local activism. Using corn as a focal point and a symbol for Mexican rurality, this paper utilizes a feminist perspective to examine how NAFTA and neoliberal policies have affected the lives of women in Oaxaca, resulted in increased immigration, and changed gender divisions of labor. This paper also offers examples of resistance by rural Mexican women as shown in struggles to preserve indigenous culture and spirituality, while also working to change the historical position of women in their communities."
722210,"Angela Jones, State University of New York-Farmingdale","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA","Section on Race, Gender, and Class Paper Session. The Business of Desire",For Black Models Scroll Down: Web-Cam Modeling and the Racialization of Erotic Labor,Section,"This article presents data from a sociological investigation of online web-cam modeling. Web-cam models represent a cohort of sex workers, who sell a range of erotic fantasy to online voyeuristic patrons—from benign conversation to exotic strip tease to explicit sex acts.  This article will make three major contributions to the literature on sex work.  First, the current literature does not adequately address the lives of web-cam models; this article does so.  Second, the literature in sex work is overwhelmingly based on qualitative methodologies; this study draws from quantitative data to examine the racialized experiences of web-cam models on a popular web-cam site.  Drawing from intersectionality, this study aims to highlight the intricate ways these workers’ lives are impacted by gender, race, and nation of origin.  Thus, the third major contribution of this article is that it addresses the racialization of erotic labor, which still remains woefully underdeveloped in related literature.  In addressing racialized erotic labor, this article will probe the ways in which bodies are valued, and the ways in which race conditions financial outcomes for these workers.  Finally, given that scholars have recognized the ways in which the conditions of labor impact a sex worker’s success and agency, this article will look at race as a condition of labor that overwhelming thwarts the success of women of color in the online world of web-cam modeling."
722211,"Bianca Christin Reisdorf, University of Leicester","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Communication and Information Technologies Paper Session. Open Topic on Communication and Information Technologies,Matters of Opinion: Digital Inequality and Attitudes towards the Internet,Section,"Traditional digital inequality research mainly focuses on socio-economic factors, such as age, education, and income to determine who is likely to be online and who is not. On the basis of results from a qualitative interview study conducted in Great Britain and Sweden, this paper extends the traditional quantitative digital inequality analyses by adding variables that account for attitudes towards technologies and the Internet in particular. The analysis of representative survey data from both countries shows that attitudes are as influential in predicting who is an Internet user and who is not as socio-economic variables. The results illustrate that considering only digital inequality or choice related factors paints an incomplete picture that could lead to ineffective policies with regards to tackling digital divides in high diffusion countries."
722212,"Brendan Innis McQuade, State University of New York-Binghamton","Mon, August 18, 2:30 to 4:10pm, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Paper Session. The Sociology of Big Data: Knowledge, Technology, Security and Privacy",Big Data Policing in the Homeland Security Era: ILP and Intelligence Fusion in History and Practice,Section,"While there are new elements to “big data,” it is useful situate it and its effects on policing in a larger global and historical context. Indeed, the rise of big data policing is connected to larger changes in how states apprehend and manage social disorder. This paper outlines the evolution of big data policing through time in order to get perspective on its practical institution in social space. Historically, it traces the complex and contingent historical trajectory—or Foucault’s terms the genealogy—of big data policing.  Historically, intelligence capacities of both military and police forces developed  in relation to wars prompted massive leaps in the surveillant power of the state and that structured the arch of US global hegemony. After this genealogy, the paper draws on original research on the implementation of big data policing in New York and New Jersey derived from eleven months of field work and interviews with 68 people. Symbolically, big data policing is mixed up the politics of the Department Homeland Security and the wider War on Terror. Practically, however, the substantive work involves does not involve terrorism but instead concerns the desperate violence produced by deindustrialization and the retreat of the welfare state.  Here, a case study on Paterson, NJ shows how the politics of the “Great Recession” led authorities to leverage “big data” to stem dramatic rise in drug-related violence.  In this way, big data obscures the social determinates of crime. Big data may allow for “smarter” policing but it creates shallow politics."
722213,"Tammy L. Anderson, University of Delaware","Mon, August 18, 4:30 to 6:10pm, TBA","Section on Crime, Law, and Deviance Roundtable Session",Understanding the Impact of Seniors’ Casino Gambling on Family Relationships,Roundtable,"Today’s gaming industry plays a vital role in local and national economies and increasingly so in our daily lives.  Older adults comprise a major portion of gambling clientele and are targeted by the gaming industry since they have free time, available funds, and credit.  Recently, there have been reports of a wide variety of negative outcomes associated with gambling among older adults, including economic hardship and family dysfunction. Scientific interest in gambling is multidisciplinary, with numerous fields and disciplines weighing in on the subject. Missing from this literature is an understanding of how casino gambling impacts the lives older Americans at different levels of gambling involvement, i.e., recreational to problematic. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the range of family complications across various types of elderly gamblers.  A qualitative, grounded theory approach featuring in-depth interviews with 35 seniors (aged 55-78) yielded a typology of recreational, at-risk, and problematic elderly gamblers.  The three groups reported unique family complications related to gambling.  Connections between the elderly gambler typology and relevant family complications are informed by existing theories of aging (activity theory and the engaged lifestyle concept), along with risk factors from prior gambling research."
722214,"Hsin-I Huang, University College-London; Simcha Jong, University College-London","Tue, August 19, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA","Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology Roundtable Session (one-hour).",How Scientific Funding Cuts Undermine Technological Innovation,Roundtable,"We show how funding cuts not only slow scientific progress but also undermine technological innovation and industry competiveness. We use the US federal funding moratorium on specific types of Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) research over the period 2001 and 2009 as a case study to highlight the short-term impact of scientific funding cuts beyond the academic work of those directly affected. The US funding moratorium not only slowed down scientific progress but also created broader uncertainty about the future of the stem cell research field. Using industry data, we show how the moratorium limited the transfer of novel technologies from US universities to industry, reduced the number of cell therapy projects initiated by US companies, and increased failure rates for projects that did get underway. These effects were specific to the US, and negatively affected the international competitive position of the US cell therapy sector. Our findings provide lessons that are relevant in current science policy debates."
722216,"Melissa Guzman, University of California-Santa Barbara","Sat, August 16, 4:30 to 5:30pm, TBA",Section on Sociology of Religion Roundtable Session (one-hour).,The Power of Religious Style Among Latina Immigrants in Fresno California,Roundtable,"This paper analyzes how Latina immigrants in Fresno, California cultivate religious identities through embodying “Apostolic style” – the aesthetic characteristics (dress, hair style, and bodily appearance) that identify someone with Apostolic Pentecostalism. Apostolic men and women are expected to develop a lifestyle of “holiness” or Godly living by adhering to meticulous standards of conduct and appearance that allow them to externally demonstrate their dedication and membership to this community. However, these external signifiers of holiness are more rigorously codified on the bodies of women through expectations to abide by strict dress codes that include long skirts, uncut hair, and prohibiting makeup. Using ethnographic and interview data, I demonstrate how the women in this community interpret and use their religious style to express their commitment to God, construct religious identities, and navigate their daily lives outside of church."
722218,"Kim Voss, University of California-Berkeley; Fabiana Silva, University of California-Berkeley","Mon, August 18, 8:30 to 10:10am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Culture Roundtable Session,On the Cusp of America’s Multiracial Future: The Transformation of Worker’s Symbolic Boundaries in California,Roundtable,"Since 1990, immigrants and their children have been the fastest growing component of the American population and their presence is profoundly altering the nation’s racial and ethnic landscape. Nowhere are such changes as profound as in the workplaces of California, where the number of immigrant workers exceeds that of every other state. Yet little research has assessed how these immigrants understand social hierarchy in America or how their workplace presence might be shaping both their own identities and that of native-born workers. Building on an approach pioneered by Michèle Lamont and using data from 75 in-depth interviews, this paper reports preliminary findings about the ways in which white and Latino working-class Californians construct the boundaries that define “people like me” and “people different from me.”"
722219,"Brenda Gambol, City University of New York-Graduate Center","Mon, August 18, 10:30 to 11:30am, TBA",Section on Asia and Asian America Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Filipino Americans: A Case for an Immigration Perspective on Social Class,Roundtable,"“Puzzling”, “counterintuitive”, “a troubling paradox” (Kim 2006; Ocampo 2010; Okamura 1997).  The case of Filipino Americans has remained a mystery for scholars: although most second generation Filipino Americans are children of professional, college-educated, English-speaking parents, they graduate from college at lower rates than the first generation and their seemingly less advantaged Asian American counterparts.  Second generation Filipino Americans contradict what most theories of assimilation would predict, suggesting that there is something missing in our current frameworks.   In this paper, I contend that these gaps are created, in part, to our narrow understanding of social class in immigrant families.  Literature on education and immigration has failed to seriously consider how migration shapes social class among immigrants and their children.  I offer an alternative framework, an immigration perspective on social class, which 1) integrates pre-migration processes, 2) considers the specific ways immigrants and their children accumulate various forms of capital (economic, cultural, and social capital, for example), and 3) analyzes how immigrants and their children interact with, integrate into, and quite often alter, current structures of inequality.  The above processes can shape class reproduction among immigrant parents and their children and, therefore, impact life chances.  This perspective, I argue, will broaden our understanding of the way social class works for immigrants and their children and may, perhaps, help explain paradoxical cases, such as the one of Filipino Americans."
722221,"Mathieu Ichou, Sciences Po","Sun, August 17, 8:30 to 9:30am, TBA",Section on Sociology of Education Roundtable Session (one-hour).,Cause or Consequence? Expectations and Achievement in Students’ Academic Trajectories,Roundtable,"This paper aims at shedding new light on a