TL;DR* Here's what the license entails:
1. Anyone can copy, modify and distribute this software.
2. You have to include the license and copyright notice with each and every distribution.
3. You can use this software privately.
4. You can use this software for commercial purposes.
5. If you dare build your business solely from this code, you risk open-sourcing the whole code base.
6. If you modify it, you have to indicate changes made to the code.
7. Any modifications of this code base MUST be distributed with the same license, GPLv3.
8. This software is provided without warranty.
9. The software author or license can not be held liable for any damages inflicted by the software.
More information on about the LICENSE can be found here
If a company develops a 3D printer that uses Open Source software (under the GPL3 license), such as the Merlin code that's used with many commercial 3D printers, and the 3D printer hardware includes a patented addition that provides some unique feature, with modifications to the Merlin code handling the processing of that patented unique piece of hardware, I understand that the modified Merlin code needs to be made available as Open Source code, but does that have any impact on the patent that covers the unique hardware? Can the company still enforce its patent rights and prohibit other companies from building a similar printer that includes the patented part?