AnonymousLister.java

class Main {
    static class JCheckboxWithLabel extends JCheckbox {
        public JLabel label;
        public JCheckboxWithLabel(String label) {
            super();
            label = new JLabel(label);
        }
    }

    static public void main(String[] args) {
        ActionListener l = new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JCheckboxWithLabel checkbox = (JCheckboxWithLabel) e.getSource();
                checkbox.label.setBackground(/* てきとーに色 */);
            }
        }
        JCheckboxWithLabel checkbox1 = new JCheckboxWithLabel("checkbox1");
        JCheckboxWithLabel checkbox2 = new JCheckboxWithLabel("checkbox2");
        JCheckboxWithLabel checkbox3 = new JCheckboxWithLabel("checkbox3");

        checkbox1.addActionListener(l);
        checkbox2.addActionListener(l);
        checkbox3.addActionListener(l);
    }
}