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Created January 23, 2014 03:51
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Henry Farrell said, of Aaron Swartz:

Maybe better way to put it was that he was intensely focused on his (and only his) understanding of right thing to do.

Now, of course a person could be less focused on the right thing to do. Many people, for example, are focused on what they want to do, or what others want them to do, without regard to whether or not it's right. Clearly this is a way Aaron was very different from the mainstream.

And if you're considering understandings of right and wrong in the abstract — perhaps because you're teaching a class in ethics — perhaps you could focus on other people's understandings of right and wrong. Perhaps you're strongly consequentialist (as Aaron was) but today you're leading your students through Kant. You'd better focus on deontological understandings of the right thing to do, or your students are going to be in trouble.

But if we're talking about focusing on understandings of the right thing to do for the concrete purpose of choosing or judging courses of action, I claim that the only understanding we can plausibly focus on is our own, so Aaron wasn't different from other people along this axis at all.

Consider a devout, but un-academic, Catholic, who trusts the Pope's judgment on most moral issues. Is she perhaps focused on the Pope's understanding of the right thing to do, rather than her own? No. She is only interested in the Pope's understanding because it informs her own. If she is confident that, for example, using condoms is actually the right thing to do, then she will be correspondingly less focused on the Pope's judgment on that matter, while perhaps she is still quite interested in his ideas about alleviating poverty or maintaining peace with her husband.

Now, of course, you can be more or less interested in hearing about other people's ideas of right and wrong in order to inform your own judgment. Perhaps our hypothetical Catholic is not very interested in hearing Planned Parenthood's ethical arguments about abortions or condoms, perhaps because she knows they are working from a different moral basis. Some people are quite closed to persuasion on any moral issue, not only from people of other faiths, but in general; while others are quite open.

As we can all attest, though, Aaron was far out on the open fringe, listening to and seriously engaging with ethical and moral arguments even from people with quite different backgrounds.

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