gistfile1.txt

  foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose
  \_/   \_______________/ \_________/ \__/            \___/ \_/ \______________________/ \__/
   |           |               |       |                |    |            |                |
   |       userinfo           host    port              |    |          query          fragment
   |    \________________________________/\_____________|____|/ \__/        \__/
 scheme                 |                          |    |    |    |          |
  name              authority                      |    |    |    |          |
   |                                             path   |    |    interpretable as keys
   |                                                    |    |
   |    \_______________________________________________|____|/       \____/     \_____/
   |                         |                          |    |          |           |
 scheme              hierarchical part                  |    |    interpretable as values
  name                                                  |    |
   |            path               interpretable as filename |
   |   ___________|____________                              |
  / \ /                        \                             |
  urn:example:animal:ferret:nose               interpretable as extension

                path
         _________|________
 scheme /                  \
  name  userinfo  hostname       query
  _|__   ___|__   ____|____   _____|_____
 /    \ /      \ /         \ /           \
 mailto:username@example.com?subject=Topic