backwardsc.sol

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.transfer`.
     *
     * Unlike `send`, `recipient` is _not_ required to implement the `tokensReceived`
     * interface if it is a contract.
     *
     * Also emits a `Sent` event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC777: transfer to the zero address");

        address from = msg.sender;

        _callTokensToSend(from, from, recipient, amount, "", "");

        _move(from, from, recipient, amount, "", "");

        _callTokensReceived(from, from, recipient, amount, "", "", false);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.allowance`.
     *
     * Note that operator and allowance concepts are orthogonal: operators may
     * not have allowance, and accounts with allowance may not be operators
     * themselves.
     */
    function allowance(address holder, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[holder][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See `IERC20.approve`.
     *
     * Note that accounts cannot have allowance issued by their operators.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool) {
        address holder = msg.sender;
        _approve(holder, spender, value);
        return true;
    }
    
    function _approve(address holder, address spender, uint256 value) private {
        // TODO: restore this require statement if this function becomes internal, or is called at a new callsite. It is
        // currently unnecessary.
        //require(holder != address(0), "ERC777: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC777: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[holder][spender] = value;
        emit Approval(holder, spender, value);
    }

   /**
    * @dev See `IERC20.transferFrom`.
    *
    * Note that operator and allowance concepts are orthogonal: operators cannot
    * call `transferFrom` (unless they have allowance), and accounts with
    * allowance cannot call `operatorSend` (unless they are operators).
    *
    * Emits `Sent`, `Transfer` and `Approval` events.
    */
    function transferFrom(address holder, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC777: transfer to the zero address");
        require(holder != address(0), "ERC777: transfer from the zero address");

        address spender = msg.sender;

        _callTokensToSend(spender, holder, recipient, amount, "", "");

        _move(spender, holder, recipient, amount, "", "");
        _approve(holder, spender, _allowances[holder][spender].sub(amount));

        _callTokensReceived(spender, holder, recipient, amount, "", "", false);

        return true;
    }