コマンドプロンプトで UWP の音声認識APIを利用するサンプル。NuGet で UWPDesktop を追加してください。https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/lucian/2015/10/23/how-to-call-uwp-apis-from-a-desktop-vbc-app/

Program.cs

// コマンドプロンプトで UWP の音声認識APIを利用するサンプル
// NuGet で UWPDesktop を追加してください。
// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/lucian/2015/10/23/how-to-call-uwp-apis-from-a-desktop-vbc-app/
using System;
using Windows.Media.SpeechRecognition;

namespace UWPCommandLine
{
    class Program
    {
        //連続音声認識のためのオブジェクト
        private static SpeechRecognizer contSpeechRecognizer;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Initialize();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static async void Initialize()
        {

            //初期化
            contSpeechRecognizer = new Windows.Media.SpeechRecognition.SpeechRecognizer();
            await contSpeechRecognizer.CompileConstraintsAsync();

            //認識中の処理定義
            contSpeechRecognizer.HypothesisGenerated += ContSpeechRecognizer_HypothesisGenerated;
            contSpeechRecognizer.ContinuousRecognitionSession.ResultGenerated += ContinuousRecognitionSession_ResultGenerated;


            // 音声入力ないままタイムアウト(20秒位)した場合の処理
            contSpeechRecognizer.ContinuousRecognitionSession.Completed += ContinuousRecognitionSession_Completed;

            //認識開始
            await contSpeechRecognizer.ContinuousRecognitionSession.StartAsync();
        }

        private static async void ContinuousRecognitionSession_Completed(SpeechContinuousRecognitionSession sender, SpeechContinuousRecognitionCompletedEventArgs args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("タイムアウトしました");
            await contSpeechRecognizer.ContinuousRecognitionSession.StartAsync();
        }

        private static void ContSpeechRecognizer_HypothesisGenerated(SpeechRecognizer sender, SpeechRecognitionHypothesisGeneratedEventArgs args)
        {
            //認識途中に画面表示
            Console.Write("\r" + args.Hypothesis.Text);
        }

        private static void ContinuousRecognitionSession_ResultGenerated(SpeechContinuousRecognitionSession sender, SpeechContinuousRecognitionResultGeneratedEventArgs args)
        {
            //認識完了後に画面に表示
            Console.WriteLine("\r" + args.Result.Text+"。");
        }
    }
}