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montecarlo.dart

import 'dart:math' show Random;

main() async {
  print('Compute π using the Monte Carlo method.');
  await for (final estimate in computePi().take(100)) {
    print('π ≅ $estimate');
  }
}

/// Generates a stream of increasingly accurate estimates of π.
Stream<double> computePi({int batch: 100000}) async* {
  var total = 0; // inferred to be of type int
  var count = 0;
  while (true) {
    final points = generateRandom().take(batch);
    final inside = points.where((p) => p.isInsideUnitCircle);

    total += batch;
    count += inside.length;
    final ratio = count / total;

    // Area of a circle is A = π⋅r², therefore π = A/r².
    // So, when given random points with x ∈ <0,1>,
    // y ∈ <0,1>, the ratio of those inside a unit circle
    // should approach π / 4. Therefore, the value of π
    // should be:
    yield ratio * 4;
  }
}

Iterable<Point> generateRandom([int? seed]) sync* {
  final random = Random(seed);
  while (true) {
    yield Point(random.nextDouble(), random.nextDouble());
  }
}

class Point {
  final double x, y;
  const Point(this.x, this.y);
  bool get isInsideUnitCircle => x * x + y * y <= 1;
}