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This exaplample allways fails because the compiler remove one of the constructors. This has sense because the structs have the same name.

a.cpp

#include <iostream>

struct MyStruct {
  MyStruct() : x(5) { std::cout << "a.cpp: Calling MyStruct::MyStruct()" << std::endl; }

  int x;
};

void run_example_a() {
  MyStruct ms;

  std::cout << "run_a: sizeof(MyStruct) = " << sizeof(MyStruct) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "run_a: ms.x = " << ms.x << std::endl;
}

b.cpp

#include <iostream>

struct MyStruct {
  MyStruct() : x(8), y(x) { std::cout << "b.cpp: Calling MyStruct::MyStruct()" << std::endl; }

  int x;
  int& y;
};

void run_example_b() {
   MyStruct ms;

   std::cout << "run_b: sizeof(MyStruct) = " << sizeof(MyStruct) << std::endl;
   std::cout << "run_b: ms.x = " << ms.x << std::endl;
   std::cout << "run_b: ms.y = " << ms.y << std::endl;
}

main.cpp

void run_example_a();
void run_example_b();

int main() {
  run_example_a();
  run_example_b(); // Fails with SIGSEGV
  
  return 0;
}

Makefile

OBJS=main.o a.o b.o

all: test_duplicated_structs

clean:
  rm test_duplicated_struct $(OBJS) || true

test_duplicated_struct: $(OBJS)
  $(CXX) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)