leandrofilipe/Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server Setup.md

## Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server Setup.md

      
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              Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server Setup.md
            
          
    ※ Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server Setup ※

Hardware:

Raspberry Pi 4 (4GB RAM)
Micro SD card 32GB
2x Integral USB 3.1 flash drives 128GB

OS:

Raspbian Buster


FORMAT DRIVES


Insert drive and list existing partition tables:
$ sudo fdisk -l


Unmount drive (if needed):
$ sudo unmount /media/pi/<HARD-DRIVE-LABEL>


Partitioning:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
[m] for help

[o]

[n]

[p]

[1]

[Enter]

[Enter]

[w]


Formatting:
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
[y]
*** DO NOT MOUNT THE DRIVE ***


Repeat steps 1-4 above for other drives.


CREATE RAID ARRAY


Update system and install 'mdadm' RAID package:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install mdadm


Find out the mount points for each drive:
$ blkid
-or-
$ lsblk


Create RAID volume/array:
Linear Mode
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=linear --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
RAID-0 (Stripe Mode)
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=stripe --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
-or-
$ sudo mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l0 -n2 /dev/sd[ab]1
RAID-1 (Mirror Mode)
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
-or-
$ sudo mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l1 -n2 /dev/sd[ab]1
RAID-4/5/6
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=4 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sde1
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
RAID-10
$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=10 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1


Confirm RAID array:
$ cat /proc/mdstat


Save RAID array:
$ sudo -i  
$ mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf  
$ less /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf  
$ exit


Create file system:
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 -v -m .1 -b 4096 -E stride=32,stripe-width=64 /dev/md0
NOTE: To change advanced parameters after creation if needed:
$ tune2fs -E stride=n,stripe-width=m /dev/md0


Create mount point and mount file system:
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/raidx  
$ sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raidx
NOTE: To change the owner of the mount point to pi:
$ sudo chown pi:pi /mnt/raidx


Check content of the mounted file system:
$ ls -la /mnt/raidx


Confirm its capacity:
$ df -h -x devtmpfs -x tmpfs


Update the initial file system (Raspberry Pi uses a RAM disk image when booting up and we want to include our array):
$ sudo update-initramfs -u


Check UUID of mounted file system:
$ blkid
-or-
$ ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid


Add to fstab (make the drive permanent and auto mount drive at boot):
$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
Enter new line before the bottom comments and add:
UUID=(my_uuid) /mnt/raidx ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0  

Save and exit:

[Ctrl+O]

[Ctrl+X]


Retrieve drive parameters and test speeds (optional):
$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/md0
$ sudo hdparm -tT --direct /dev/md0


Reboot:
$ sudo reboot


Useful commands/Manage Mode:
$ cat /proc/mdstat : show status of all RAID devices

$ mdadm --detail /dev/md0 : detailed information about RAID md0 (mdadm -D)

$ mdadm --detail --brief /dev/md0 : for shorthened/brief details (mdadm -Db)

$ mdadm --query /dev/md0 : quick human-readable summary of RAID md0 (mdadm -Q)

$ mdadm --examine /dev/sdx	: information about RAID component device sdx (mdadm -E)

$ mdadm --stop /dev/md0	: stop RAID device md0

$ mdadm --assemble --scan	: restart/assemble RAID device


SET UP NAS


Install SAMBA:
$ sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin


Set up SAMBA password (for user pi):
$ sudo smbpasswd -a pi


Edit SAMBA config file:
$ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak  
$ sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
Scroll all the way down to the bottom of the file and add the following code to create NAS file share:
# NAS Share Block  
[NAS]  
path = /mnt/raidx  
comment = RPI4 RAID0 NAS Server  
volume = NAS-Server  
valid users = pi  
read only = NO  
guest ok = NO  
public = NO  
writable = YES  
browsable = YES  
### -rwxr--r--  
create mask = 0744  
### -rwxr-xr-x  
directory mask = 0755  
### All hosts on the 192.168.142 subnet allowed:  
hosts allow = 192.168.142.  

Save and exit:

[Ctrl+O]

[Ctrl+X]


Check configuration file for internal correctness:
$ testparm


Restart SAMBA service:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
-or-
$ sudo service smbd restart


Reboot ?
$ sudo reboot


USAGE ON MAC


Open Finder


Menu "Go" ⟶ "Connect to Server..."
Address: [smb://rpi4/NAS]


[Connect]


Connect As:

 Registered User

Name: pi

Password: ●●●●●●●●


[Connect]


APPENDIX

Commands to check

$ rsync options source destination : remote/local file-copying tool

$ rsync -ahv /mnt/u1/ /mnt/u2/ : example of the above
RAID Levels

Number of Drives /

RAID Level Availability:
2 /

RAID-0 Stripe (Fastest, but no redundancy)

RAID-1 Mirror (Excellent redundancy, good speed)
3 /

RAID-0 Stripe (Fastest, but no redundancy)

RAID-4 Dedicated parity disk (Good speed & redundancy)

RAID-5 Block-level striping with distributed parity (Excellent speed & redundancy)
4 /

RAID-6 Block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks (Excellent speed & redundancy)

RAID 10 (nested RAID 1+0) (Excellent speed and redundancy)
References

⇒ mdadm(8) - Linux man page

⇒ How To Manage RAID Arrays with mdadm

⇒ Advantages and disadvantages of various RAID levels

⇒ RAID setup

⇒ A guide to mdadm

⇒ Characteristics of Linux RAID levels

⇒ Build your own Raspberry Pi NAS

⇒ How to Setup a Raspberry Pi Samba Server

⇒ Build a Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server – Complete DIY Guide

⇒ Partitioning, Formatting, and Mounting a Hard Drive in Linux