p.go

// 0.403273203 sec

package main

import "fmt"
import "time"

func main() {

    start := time.Now().UnixNano()
    for i := 0; i < 1000000000; i++ {
    }
    finish := time.Now().UnixNano()
    
    dur := float64(finish-start)
    fmt.Println(dur / 1000000000)
}

p.py

# 41.40947604179382 sec

import time


start = time.time()
for i in range(1000000000):
    pass

finish = time.time()

print(finish-start)

Добавлю свои 5 копеек по питончику. Я, правда, не понял то ли у вас тут выше код суммирует числа от 1 до миллиарда, то ли суммирует миллиард единичек. Но я и такой и такой тест сделал.

import sys
import timeit
import itertools

executions = 10

def sum_of_one():
    return sum(itertools.repeat(1, 1000000000))

def accum():
    return sum(range(1000000000))

sum_of_one_time = timeit.timeit(sum_of_one, number=executions)
accum_time = timeit.timeit(accum, number=executions)

print(sys.version)
print('Executed %s times' % executions)
print('Sum of 1', sum_of_one_time, sum_of_one_time/executions)
print('Accumulate from 1 to 1000000000', accum_time, accum_time/executions)

Результаты:

Python 3.5.0:

3.5.0 (default, Oct 15 2015, 12:52:25)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.72)]
Executed 10 times
Sum of 1 96.66175519199987 9.666175519199987
Accumulate from 1 to 1000000000 249.16431563599963 24.916431563599964

PyPy

2.7.10 (f3ad1e1e1d62, Aug 28 2015, 09:36:42)
[PyPy 2.6.1 with GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.1 (clang-503.0.40)]
Executed 10 times
('Sum of 1', 12.96062684059143, 1.2960626840591432)
('Accumulate from 1 to 1000000000', 12.47924280166626, 1.247924280166626)

PyPy3

3.2.5 (b2091e973da6, Oct 19 2014, 18:30:58)
[PyPy 2.4.0 with GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.51)]
Executed 10 times
Sum of 1 12.533483028411865 1.2533483028411865
Accumulate from 1 to 1000000000 12.479850053787231 1.2479850053787231