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1215 Signing of Magna Carta in England | |
1497 European exploration began with the expedition of John Cabot, who was the first to draw a map of Canada’s East Coast | |
1534 to 1542 Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France | |
1550s The name of Canada began appearing on maps | |
1604 The first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain | |
1608 Samuel de Champlain built a fortress at what is now Quebec City | |
1610 English settlement began | |
1670 King Charles II of England granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay | |
1700s The maple leaf was adopted as a symbol in Canada | |
1701 The French and the Iroquois made peace | |
1755 to 1763 “Great Upheaval”: during the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported from their homeland. | |
1758 The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia | |
1759 The British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City — marking the end of France’s empire in America | |
1763 The Aboriginal territorial rights were first guaranteed | |
1774 The British Parliament passed the Quebec Act | |
1776 – The thirteen British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed the United States | |
– Joseph Brant lead thousands of loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada | |
1791 – The Constitutional Act was passed and divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario) | |
– The name “Canada” became official | |
1793 Upper Canada became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition | |
1800s Ice hockey was developed in Canada | |
1805 The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte’s fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar | |
1812 The United States launched an invasion in June to conquer Canada | |
1814 The American attempt to conquer Canada failed | |
1815 The Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon | |
1832 The Montreal Stock Exchange opened | |
1833 British Parliament abolished slavery throughout the Empire | |
1840 Upper and Lower Canada were united as the Province of Canada | |
1847 to 1848 Nova Scotia became the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government | |
1849 Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, a champion of French language rights, became the first head of a responsible government | |
1854 The Victoria Cross, the highest honour available to Canadians, started to be awarded that year | |
1857 Ottawa, located on the Ottawa River, was chosen as the capital by Queen Victoria | |
1860s The Parliament buildings were completed | |
1864 Sir Leonard Tilley suggested the term “Dominion of Canada” | |
1867 – On July 1st, the Fathers of Confederation established the Dominion of Canada, the birth of the country that we know today | |
– The British Parliament passed the British North America Act, now known as the Constitution Act | |
– Sir John Alexander Macdonald, a Father of Confederation, became Canada’s first Prime Minister | |
– Canada became a constitutional monarchy | |
– The responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments were defined | |
1869 Canada took over the vast Northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay Company | |
1873 The RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) was created | |
1890s Yukon Gold Rush | |
1891 Basketball was invented by Canadian James Naismith | |
1916 Manitoba became the first province to grant voting rights to women | |
1917 The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge, securing the Canadians’ reputation for valour as the “shock troops of the British Empire.” | |
1918 Most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal elections | |
1920 Foundation of the Group of Seven, who developed a style of painting to capture the rugged wilderness landscapes | |
1921 King George V assigned Canada’s national colours (white and red) | |
1927 – The Peace Tower was completed, in memory of the First World War | |
– Old Age Security was devised | |
1929 Stock market crashed which lead to the Great Depression or the “Dirty Thirties” | |
1934 The Bank of Canada was created | |
1940 Unemployment insurance (now called “employment insurance”) was introduced by the federal government | |
1944 In the Second World War, the Canadians captured Juno Beach on June 6, as part of the Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day | |
1947 The discovery of oil in Alberta began Canada’s modern energy industry | |
1948 The Japanese-Canadians gained the right to vote | |
1951 For the first time, a majority of Canadians were able to afford adequate food, shelter and clothing | |
1952 Queen Elizabeth II became Queen of Canada | |
1960s Quebec experienced an era of rapid change known as the Quiet Revolution | |
1960 Aboriginal people were granted the right to vote | |
1965 – The new Canadian flag, as we know today, was raised for the first time | |
– The Canada and Quebec Pension Plans were devised | |
1967 Canada started its own honours system with the Order of Canada | |
1969 Parliament passed the Official Languages Act, which guarantees French and English services in the federal government across Canada | |
1970s The term First Nations began to be used | |
1980 – Terry Fox, a British Columbian who lost his right leg to cancer at the age of 18, began a cross-country run, the “Marathon of Hope,” to raise money for cancer research. He became a hero to Canadians | |
– O Canada was proclaimed as the national anthem | |
1982 – The Constitution of Canada was amended to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms | |
– Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed the amended Constitution in Ottawa | |
1988 Canada enacted free trade with the United States | |
2006 The House of Commons recognized that the Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada |
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