Dockerfile for building an image based on https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop with ROS desktop installed.

ubuntu-vnc-ros-desktop.dockerfile

FROM dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc

# install packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -q -y \
    dirmngr \
    gnupg2 \
    lsb-release \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# setup keys
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 421C365BD9FF1F717815A3895523BAEEB01FA116

# setup sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu `lsb_release -sc` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list

# install bootstrap tools
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
    python-rosdep \
    python-rosinstall \
    python-vcstools \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# setup environment
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
ENV LC_ALL C.UTF-8

# bootstrap rosdep
RUN rosdep init \
    && rosdep update

# install ros packages
ENV ROS_DISTRO melodic
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    ros-melodic-ros-core=1.4.1-0* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# base
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    ros-melodic-ros-base=1.4.1-0* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# robot
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    ros-melodic-robot=1.4.1-0* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# desktop
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    ros-melodic-desktop=1.4.1-0* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# desktop-full
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    ros-melodic-desktop-full=1.4.1-0* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# extras
RUN echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.sh" >> /root/.profile
RUN echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.sh" >> /root/.bashrc