This proposal was originally written in 2018 as a concrete proposal for numeric time zone identifiers. I'm still not sure if this has a merit or not, but for the historical perspective, I reproduce the (incomplete) proposal in verbatim here. --Kang Seonghoon
[...]
The needs for the short and stable identifier are most importantly observed by the case of the Unicode CLDR project. CLDR required a stable identifier for the locales, which requires a stable identifier for the time zones. [...]
The proposed short identifier is a 4 digit long, unsigned and zero-padded integer. A set of all possible short identifiers is further divided into the following partitions.
0000 Unknown (Etc/Unknown)
0001..0059 Global time zones
0060..0099 Fixed offsets to "GMT"
0100..0999 Regional time zones (exceptional)
1000..9998 Regional time zones (locational)
9999 Reserved
There is a single known global time zone.
0001 Etc/UTC
Fixed offsets to "GMT" are in fact offsets to UTC and provided for the legacy time zones which name starts with Etc/GMT. In particular, Etc/GMT (0080) is exactly identical to Etc/UTC (0001) but given a different identifier for the backward compatibility.
0068 Etc/GMT+12 (UTC-12)
... ...
0079 Etc/GMT+1 (UTC-01)
0080 Etc/GMT (UTC)
0081 Etc/GMT-1 (UTC+01)
... ...
0094 Etc/GMT-14 (UTC+14)
Regional time zones are divided into 9 major regions, identified by a single digit from 1 to 9. They are at the first digit in the locational zones or the second digit in the systematic zones.
1 Africa/
2 America/
3 Antarctica/
4 Asia/
5 Australia/
6 Europe/
7 Arctic/ + Atlantic/ (often considered to be a single ocean)
8 Indian/
9 Pacific/
Almost all time zones are locational, i.e. its long name points to a particular location where the time zone is in use. Exceptional identifiers are only given when there is no reference location or much more exceptional needs arise. They are very rare in the current tz database and as a result there is no particular assignment policy. In fact, the following is the complete list of current exceptional identifiers:
0205 US Eastern Time (UTC-5/-4)
0206 US Central Time (UTC-6/-5)
0207 US Mountain Time (UTC-7/-6)
0208 US Pacific Time (UTC-8/-7)
WGS 84 coordinates of the reference locations are used to generate locational time zone identifiers: The second and third digit is the units digit of latitude and longitude rounded to the nearest integer, respectively. In the other words, we divide the entire earth into "squares" which latitude ranges from X-0.5° to X+0.5° and longitude ranges from Y-0.5° to Y+0.5° (wrapping around), and number them with abs(X) mod 10 and abs(Y) mod 10 concatenated. The "squares" around north and south poles (i.e. circles up to 89.5° N/S) are exceptionally shaped and always numbered 00. For example:
LONG NAME LAT. (ROUNDED) LONG. (ROUNDED) SQUARE
America/Los_Angeles 34d 03m 38s N (34N) 118d 14m 34s W (118W) 48
America/Buenos_Aires 34d 36m S (35S) 58d 27m W (58W) 58
Asia/Tokyo 35d 39m 16s N (36N) 139d 44m 41s E (140E) 60
Asia/Vladivostok 43d 10m N (43N) 131d 56m E (132E) 32
Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 3d 10m N (3N) 101d 42m E (102E) 32
Pacific/Galapagos 0d 54m S (1S) 89d 36m W (90W) 10
Antarctica/South_Pole 89d 59m S (90S) 139d 16m E (-) 00
In principle any square overlapping the time zone can be used, but in reality we use a single representative location to simplify the matter.
The square number is then concatenated with the primary region. As expected, and as you can see above, this may result in duplicates. The final, fourth digit is used to disambiguate them. Initially duplicate time zones are numbered from the north to the south, starting at 0; later assignments will simply use the next available number. It is highly unlikely that there are more than 10 locations in a single square, but if it does happen, exceptional identifiers will be used.
LONG NAME REGION SQUARE SERIAL SHORT ID
America/Los_Angeles 2 48 1 2481
America/Buenos_Aires 2 58 2 2582
Asia/Tokyo 4 60 0 4600
Asia/Vladivostok 4 32 0 4320
Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 4 32 1 4321
Pacific/Galapagos 9 10 0 9100
Antarctica/South_Pole 3 00 0 3000
The numeric format was chosen for multiple reasons. A fixed-length numeric format is computationally efficient and language-agnostic. Human can easily see, read or write a numeric identifier but cannot directly infer its meaning. This property is useful for avoiding most political concerns, particularly when combined with the locational assignment.
The length of four decimal digit is chosen because they are deemed sufficient for the current and future needs (there are about 460 time zones to be encoded initially). Three digits may be even usable, but a spare digit greatly simplifies the collision resolution. In addition, no identifiers included in BCP 47 are numeric and also four digit long, unlike three-digit numeric identifiers that will interfere with UN M.49.
The assignment based on the coordinates completely sidesteps political issues and/or linguistic issues. We also assume that the final assignment will be made by human, so the simplicity is paramount. Essentially we are using coordinates as a reproducible pseudo-random number generator, and it should be simple enough that anyone can reproduce. Using the units digit as a pseudo-random number is pretty reliable as no city is that large (1 degree of arc is about 110 km). Using the absolute value instead of the proper modulo means there are some biases around zeros, but it doesn't skew the distribution too much and is easier for humans. We do not try other possible coordinates to minimize the collision for the same reason---with a spare digit the collision is of less concern.
The first digit for the region is added to greatly reduce the collision. This also allows a rudimentary classification of short identifiers by the region, that can be useful from time to time. The set of regions is exactly same to the current primary category (except for Etc/) to avoid any additional assumption. It had to be tweaked, however, to fit 10 regions into 9 possible digits; I opted to merge Arctic/ with neighboring Atlantic/ because they are least populated. In the future, if we had a time zone based on the Southern Ocean, a resulting new category will be also merged to Antarctic/. The regions are grouped by continents and oceans and ordered by their ASCII names; grouping was there because Asia/ is ordered after Arctic/ but before Atlantic/.
The initial assignment is done in the way that it's reproducible from any version of the tz database plus additional coordinates. The assignment from north to south is purely cosmetic, with a weak justification that the northern hemisphere has more locations than the southern hemisphere (thus resulting in smaller numbers).
The smallest identifier (0000) and the largest identifier (9999) are both reserved for technically obvious reasons. This is also why the regional digit is never 0 (we have multiple locations in the square 00). The smallest identifier is used as an unknown time zone (Etc/Unknown) because 0 is a common initial value.
The following is the initial list based on the tz database release 2018e (2018-05-01). The columns are the short identifier, the BCP 47 identifier (which the short identifier should bijectively map), the long name, and if any, the coordinates used in the assignment in the zone1970.tab format. The asterisk after the coordinates indicates that the coordinates are not present in zone1970.tab itself and sourced from US/LOCODE and Wikipedia. Consequently those coordinates are enough for assignment but may not be enough for other purpose; you have been warned.
0000 unk Etc/Unknown
0001 utc Etc/UTC
0068 utcw12 Etc/GMT+12
0069 utcw11 Etc/GMT+11
0070 utcw10 Etc/GMT+10
0071 utcw09 Etc/GMT+9
0072 utcw08 Etc/GMT+8
0073 utcw07 Etc/GMT+7
0074 utcw06 Etc/GMT+6
0075 utcw05 Etc/GMT+5
0076 utcw04 Etc/GMT+4
0077 utcw03 Etc/GMT+3
0078 utcw02 Etc/GMT+2
0079 utcw01 Etc/GMT+1
0080 gmt Etc/GMT
0081 utce01 Etc/GMT-1
0082 utce02 Etc/GMT-2
0083 utce03 Etc/GMT-3
0084 utce04 Etc/GMT-4
0085 utce05 Etc/GMT-5
0086 utce06 Etc/GMT-6
0087 utce07 Etc/GMT-7
0088 utce08 Etc/GMT-8
0089 utce09 Etc/GMT-9
0090 utce10 Etc/GMT-10
0091 utce11 Etc/GMT-11
0092 utce12 Etc/GMT-12
0093 utce13 Etc/GMT-13
0094 utce14 Etc/GMT-14
0205 est5edt EST5EDT
0206 cst6cdt CST6CDT
0207 mst7mdt MST7MDT
0208 pst8pdt PST8PDT
1010 egcai Africa/Cairo +3003+03115
1030 ugkla Africa/Kampala +001849+0323452 *
1040 gncky Africa/Conakry +093033-0134244 *
1070 sttms Africa/Sao_Tome +0020+00644
1090 galbv Africa/Libreville +002324+0092716 *
1170 kenbo Africa/Nairobi -0117+03649
1200 rwkgl Africa/Kigali -015638+0300334 *
1220 bfoua Africa/Ouagadougou +122126-0013207 *
1230 djjib Africa/Djibouti +1130+04300 *
1250 tdndj Africa/Ndjamena +1207+01503
1251 somgq Africa/Mogadishu +0202+04520 *
1260 gwoxb Africa/Bissau +1151-01535
1270 cdfbm Africa/Lubumbashi -1140+02729 *
1330 lytip Africa/Tripoli +3254+01311
1370 gmbjl Africa/Banjul +132711-0163439 *
1371 nawdh Africa/Windhoek -2234+01706
1380 mlbko Africa/Bamako +123821-0080010 *
1390 bibjm Africa/Bujumbura -0323+02922 *
1400 cmdla Africa/Douala +0403+00942 *
1420 nenim Africa/Niamey +133042+0020731 *
1450 cgbzv Africa/Brazzaville -041604+0151731 *
1451 cdfih Africa/Kinshasa -041930+0151920 *
1480 macas Africa/Casablanca +3339-00735
1490 cfbgf Africa/Bangui +0422+01835 *
1491 gqssg Africa/Malabo +0345+00847 *
1520 ssjub Africa/Juba +0451+03137
1540 ciabj Africa/Abidjan +0519-00402
1560 bwgbe Africa/Gaborone -2440+02555 *
1570 sndkr Africa/Dakar +144134-0172648 *
1580 zmlun Africa/Lusaka -1525+02817 *
1590 erasm Africa/Asmera +1520+03856 *
1600 ghacc Africa/Accra +0533-00013
1610 lrmlw Africa/Monrovia +0618-01047
1611 tglfw Africa/Lome +060755+0011322 *
1612 szqmn Africa/Mbabane -2619+03108 *
1630 sdkrt Africa/Khartoum +1536+03232
1631 bjptn Africa/Porto-Novo +0629+00237 *
1632 nglos Africa/Lagos +0627+00324
1633 mzmpm Africa/Maputo -2558+03235
1650 esceu Africa/Ceuta +3553-00519
1651 mwblz Africa/Blantyre -154710+0350021 *
1680 zajnb Africa/Johannesburg -2615+02800
1700 tntun Africa/Tunis +3648+01011
1730 dzalg Africa/Algiers +3647+00303
1731 eheai Africa/El_Aaiun +2709-01312
1790 tzdar Africa/Dar_es_Salaam -0648+03917 *
1810 zwhre Africa/Harare -174945+0310308 *
1830 slfna Africa/Freetown +082904-0131404 *
1860 mrnkc Africa/Nouakchott +1806-01557 *
1930 aolad Africa/Luanda -085018+0131404 *
1970 lsmsu Africa/Maseru -2919+02729 *
1990 etadd Africa/Addis_Ababa +090148+0384424 *
2000 caydq America/Dawson_Creek +5946-12014
2001 usyak America/Yakutat +593249-1394338
2020 globy America/Scoresbysund +7029-02158
2040 mxoji America/Ojinaga +2934-10425
2041 crsjo America/Costa_Rica +0956-08405
2050 careg America/Regina +5024-10439
2051 usden America/Denver +394421-1045903
2052 brcgr America/Campo_Grande -2027-05437
2060 usind America/Indianapolis +394606-0860929
2061 brmcz America/Maceio -0940-03543
2070 cawnp America/Winnipeg +4953-09709
2080 cayyn America/Swift_Current +5017-10750
2081 brrbr America/Rio_Branco -0958-06748
2100 usanc America/Anchorage +611305-1495401
2101 mxmid America/Merida +2058-08937
2110 tcgdt America/Grand_Turk +2128-07108
2120 ttpos America/Port_of_Spain +1039-06131
2140 usnyc America/New_York +404251-0740023
2141 arcor America/Cordoba -3124-06411
2150 cayxy America/Whitehorse +6043-13503
2151 mxpvr America/Bahia_Banderas +2048-10515
2170 caybx America/Blanc-Sablon +5125-05707
2171 usknx America/Indiana/Knox +411745-0863730
2172 uswlz America/Indiana/Winamac +410305-0863611
2173 mxcun America/Cancun +2105-08646
2174 veccs America/Caracas +1030-06656
2180 brbel America/Belem -0127-04829
2200 ecgye America/Guayaquil -0210-07950
2220 gdgnd America/Grenada +1207-06140 *
2230 usdet America/Detroit +421953-0830245
2240 cayzf America/Yellowknife +6227-11421
2250 brstm America/Santarem -0226-05452
2260 nimga America/Managua +1209-08617
2270 usadk America/Adak +515248-1763929
2271 pelim America/Lima -1203-07703
2280 uschi America/Chicago +4151-08739
2281 bqkra America/Kralendijk +1209-06816 *
2290 ancur America/Curacao +1211-06900
2291 aruaq America/Argentina/San_Juan -3132-06831
2292 arrgl America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -5138-069132 *
2300 cagoo America/Goose_Bay +5320-06025
2301 bbbgi America/Barbados +1306-05937
2302 awaua America/Aruba +1230-06958 *
2303 brmao America/Manaus -0308-06001
2310 vcsvd America/St_Vincent +1315-06112 *
2311 brbvb America/Boa_Vista +0249-06040
2312 clscl America/Santiago -3327-07040
2313 clpuq America/Punta_Arenas -5309-07055
2320 cayek America/Rankin_Inlet +624900-0920459
2321 usphx America/Phoenix +332654-1120424
2322 cuhav America/Havana +2308-08222
2360 mxstis America/Santa_Isabel +323753-1153432 *
2361 mxmzt America/Mazatlan +2313-10625
2362 arluq America/Argentina/San_Luis -3319-06621
2370 mxtij America/Tijuana +3232-11701
2390 brssa America/Bahia -1259-03831
2391 armdz America/Mendoza -3253-06849
2410 lccas America/St_Lucia +1401-06058 *
2420 glgoh America/Godthab +6411-05144
2421 brfen America/Noronha -0351-03225
2430 caedm America/Edmonton +5333-11328
2450 arjuj America/Jujuy -2411-06518
2460 usboi America/Boise +433649-1161209
2470 hntgu America/Tegucigalpa +1406-08713
2471 brsao America/Sao_Paulo -2332-04637
2480 caiql America/Iqaluit +6344-06828
2481 uslax America/Los_Angeles +340308-1181434
2490 cayda America/Dawson +6404-13925
2491 cator America/Toronto +4339-07923
2492 svsal America/El_Salvador +1342-08912
2493 brfor America/Fortaleza -0343-03830
2510 dmdom America/Dominica +1525-06120 *
2511 gtgua America/Guatemala +1438-09031
2512 mqfdf America/Martinique +1436-06105
2520 usmtm America/Metlakatla +550737-1313435
2521 gfcay America/Cayenne +0456-05220
2540 cahal America/Halifax +4439-06336
2541 cobog America/Bogota +0436-07405
2550 careb America/Resolute +744144-0944945
2551 usome America/Nome +643004-1652423
2552 arsla America/Argentina/Salta -2447-06525
2560 uymvd America/Montevideo -345433-0561245
2570 bsnas America/Nassau +2505-07721
2580 usmnm America/Menominee +450628-0873651
2581 pyasu America/Asuncion -2516-05740
2582 arbue America/Buenos_Aires -3436-05827
2583 arush America/Argentina/Ushuaia -5448-06818
2600 caglb America/Glace_Bay +4612-05957
2601 mxmty America/Monterrey +2540-10019
2620 gpbbr America/Guadeloupe +1600-06143 *
2640 camtr America/Montreal +4530-07334 *
2650 camon America/Moncton +4606-06447
2651 srpbm America/Paramaribo +0550-05510
2662 capnt America/Pangnirtung +6608-06544
2663 brcgb America/Cuiaba -1535-05605
2680 mxmam America/Matamoros +2550-09730
2700 brern America/Eirunepe -0640-06952
2710 usndcnt America/North_Dakota/Center +470659-1011757
2711 usndnsl America/North_Dakota/New_Salem +465042-10124391 *
2720 usxul America/North_Dakota/Beulah +471551-1014640
2721 aganu America/Antigua +1705-06148 *
2722 msmni America/Montserrat +1645-06212 *
2730 knbas America/St_Kitts +1715-06240 *
2750 ussit America/Sitka +571035-1351807
2751 usmoc America/Kentucky/Monticello +364947-0845057
2752 artuc America/Argentina/Tucuman -2649-06513
2760 pmmqc America/Miquelon +4703-05620
2780 gygeo America/Guyana +0648-05810
2781 braux America/Araguaina -0712-04812
2782 bolpb America/La_Paz -1630-06809
2790 gldkshvn America/Danmarkshavn +7646-01840
2791 glthu America/Thule +7634-06847
2792 usnavajo America/Shiprock +364115-1085011 *
2800 dosdq America/Santo_Domingo +1828-06954
2830 casjf America/St_Johns +4734-05243
2831 aiaxa America/Anguilla +181338-0630256 *
2832 gpmsb America/Marigot +1804-06305 *
2833 sxphi America/Lower_Princes +1801-06302 *
2834 gpsbh America/St_Barthelemy +1754-06250 *
2840 cayev America/Inuvik +682059-1334300
2841 usjnu America/Juneau +581807-1342511
2850 vgtov America/Tortola +182524-0643705 *
2851 vistt America/St_Thomas +1821-06456 *
2852 brrec America/Recife -0803-03454
2860 usaeg America/Indiana/Marengo +382232-0862041
2861 uslui America/Louisville +381515-0854534
2862 prsju America/Puerto_Rico +182806-0660622
2863 arctc America/Catamarca -2828-06547
2870 uswsq America/Indiana/Petersburg +382931-0871643
2871 ustel America/Indiana/Tell_City +375711-0864541
2872 jmkin America/Jamaica +175805-0764736
2880 bzbze America/Belize +1730-08812
2890 cathu America/Thunder_Bay +4823-08915
2900 papty America/Panama +0858-07932
2910 mxhmo America/Hermosillo +2904-11058
2911 kygec America/Cayman +1918-08123 *
2920 cayzs America/Coral_Harbour +484531-0913718
2921 htpap America/Port-au-Prince +1832-07220
2930 cafne America/Fort_Nelson +5848-12242
2931 cavan America/Vancouver +4916-12307
2940 brpvh America/Porto_Velho -0846-06354
2950 caycb America/Cambridge_Bay +690650-1050310
2951 caffs America/Rainy_River +4843-09434
2952 usinvev America/Indiana/Vevay +384452-0850402
2960 mxchi America/Chihuahua +2838-10605
2970 cacfq America/Creston +4906-11631
2971 arirj America/Argentina/La_Rioja -2926-06651
2980 canpg America/Nipigon +4901-08816
2981 usoea America/Indiana/Vincennes +384038-0873143
2990 mxmex America/Mexico_City +1924-09909
3000 aqams Antarctica/South_Pole -8959+13916 *
3230 aqtrl Antarctica/Troll -720041+0023206
3540 aqplm Antarctica/Palmer -6448-06406
3590 aumqi Antarctica/Macquarie -5430+15857
3610 aqcas Antarctica/Casey -6617+11031
3700 aqddu Antarctica/DumontDUrville -6640+14001
3830 aqmaw Antarctica/Mawson -6736+06253
3870 aqmcm Antarctica/McMurdo -7750+16640 *
3871 aqvos Antarctica/Vostok -7824+10654
3880 aqrot Antarctica/Rothera -6734-06808
3900 aqsyw Antarctica/Syowa -690022+0393524
3980 aqdav Antarctica/Davis -6835+07758
4000 azbak Asia/Baku +4023+04951
4010 rugdx Asia/Magadan +5934+15048
4050 amevn Asia/Yerevan +4011+04430
4060 kwkwi Asia/Kuwait +2930+04545 *
4070 kzakx Asia/Aqtobe +5017+05710
4071 uzskd Asia/Samarkand +3940+06648
4072 cnckg Asia/Chongqing +293330+1063400 *
4090 idpnk Asia/Pontianak -0002+10920
4110 kzura Asia/Oral +5113+05121
4111 cnsha Asia/Shanghai +3114+12128
4140 sgsin Asia/Singapore +0117+10351
4160 vnhan Asia/Hanoi +2102+10551 *
4170 vnsgn Asia/Saigon +1045+10640
4190 uztas Asia/Tashkent +4120+06918
4200 ruyks Asia/Yakutsk +6200+12940
4201 mykch Asia/Kuching +0133+11020
4230 ruchita Asia/Chita +5203+11328
4240 ruikt Asia/Irkutsk +5216+10420
4241 gaza Asia/Gaza +3130+03428
4242 hkhkg Asia/Hong_Kong +2217+11409
4243 momfm Asia/Macau +221150+1133230
4250 getbs Asia/Tbilisi +4143+04449
4251 jeruslm Asia/Jerusalem +314650+0351326
4252 hebron Asia/Hebron +313200+0350542
4253 khpnh Asia/Phnom_Penh +1133+10455 *
4260 joamm Asia/Amman +3157+03556
4310 iddjj Asia/Jayapura -0232+14042
4320 ruvvo Asia/Vladivostok +4310+13156
4321 mykul Asia/Kuala_Lumpur +0310+10142
4340 rubax Asia/Barnaul +5322+08345
4341 iqbgw Asia/Baghdad +3321+04425
4350 kgfru Asia/Bishkek +4254+07436
4351 yeade Asia/Aden +1248+04502 *
4360 rukhndg Asia/Khandyga +623923+1353314
4370 kzala Asia/Almaty +4315+07657
4380 inccu Asia/Calcutta +2232+08822
4390 rupkc Asia/Kamchatka +5301+15839
4400 bddac Asia/Dhaka +2343+09025
4410 thbkk Asia/Bangkok +1345+10031
4460 lbbey Asia/Beirut +3353+03530
4461 sydam Asia/Damascus +3330+03618
4470 runoz Asia/Novokuznetsk +5345+08707
4480 cnurc Asia/Urumqi +4348+08735
4490 ommct Asia/Muscat +2336+05835 *
4500 kzaau Asia/Aqtau +4431+05016
4510 phmnl Asia/Manila +1435+12100
4520 qadoh Asia/Qatar +2517+05132
4521 twtpe Asia/Taipei +2503+12130
4530 ruunera Asia/Ust-Nera +643337+1431336
4531 ruovb Asia/Novosibirsk +5502+08255
4532 ruoms Asia/Omsk +5500+07324
4533 cynic Asia/Nicosia +3510+03322
4540 cyfmg Asia/Famagusta +3507+03357
4550 kzkzo Asia/Qyzylorda +4448+06528
4551 aedxb Asia/Dubai +2518+05518
4552 bnbwn Asia/Brunei +0456+11455
4570 rudyr Asia/Anadyr +6445+17729
4571 pkkhi Asia/Karachi +2452+06703
4572 saruh Asia/Riyadh +2438+04643
4590 afkbl Asia/Kabul +3431+06912
4591 idmak Asia/Makassar -0507+11924
4600 jptyo Asia/Tokyo +353916+1394441
4610 irthr Asia/Tehran +3540+05126
4611 bhbah Asia/Bahrain +2616+05038 *
4630 rukra Asia/Krasnoyarsk +5601+09250
4670 cnhrb Asia/Harbin +4545+12638 *
4671 idjkt Asia/Jakarta -0610+10648
4700 btthi Asia/Thimphu +2728+08939
4701 lkcmb Asia/Colombo +0656+07951
4710 ruyek Asia/Yekaterinburg +5651+06036
4720 kzguw Asia/Atyrau +4707+05156
4730 ruuus Asia/Sakhalin +4658+14242
4740 rusred Asia/Srednekolymsk +6728+15343
4750 rutof Asia/Tomsk +5630+08458
4760 mmrgn Asia/Rangoon +1647+09610
4820 mnhvd Asia/Hovd +4801+09139
4830 lavte Asia/Vientiane +1758+10236 *
4850 mncoq Asia/Choibalsan +4804+11430
4851 npktm Asia/Katmandu +2743+08519
4870 mnuln Asia/Ulaanbaatar +4755+10653
4871 krsel Asia/Seoul +3733+12658
4880 tmasb Asia/Ashgabat +3757+05823
4960 cnkhg Asia/Kashgar +3928+07559 *
4961 kpfnj Asia/Pyongyang +3901+12545
4962 tldil Asia/Dili -0833+12535
4990 tjdyu Asia/Dushanbe +3835+06848
5040 aukns Australia/Currie -3956+14352
5090 auldc Australia/Lindeman -2016+14900
5210 audrw Australia/Darwin -1228+13050
5211 aubhq Australia/Broken_Hill -3157+14127
5260 auper Australia/Perth -3157+11551
5290 auldh Australia/Lord_Howe -3133+15905
5291 aueuc Australia/Eucla -3143+12852
5370 auhba Australia/Hobart -4253+14719
5410 ausyd Australia/Sydney -3352+15113
5590 auadl Australia/Adelaide -3455+13835
5730 aubne Australia/Brisbane -2728+15302
5850 aumel Australia/Melbourne -3749+14458
6000 fimhq Europe/Mariehamn +6006+01957 *
6010 noosl Europe/Oslo +5955+01045
6011 uaiev Europe/Kiev +5026+03031
6040 czprg Europe/Prague +5005+01426
6041 esmad Europe/Madrid +4024-00341
6050 fihel Europe/Helsinki +6010+02458
6060 lulux Europe/Luxembourg +4936+00609
6100 altia Europe/Tirane +4120+01950
6140 bebru Europe/Brussels +5050+00420
6190 trist Europe/Istanbul +4101+02858
6200 gblon Europe/London +513030-0000731
6210 plwaw Europe/Warsaw +5215+02100
6211 mkskp Europe/Skopje +4200+02126 *
6220 itrom Europe/Rome +4154+01229
6221 vavat Europe/Vatican +4154+01227 *
6250 nlams Europe/Amsterdam +5222+00454
6260 rurtw Europe/Saratov +5134+04602
6290 metgd Europe/Podgorica +4226+01915 *
6300 rukuf Europe/Samara +5312+05009
6320 adalv Europe/Andorra +4230+00131
6330 deber Europe/Berlin +5230+01322
6331 bgsof Europe/Sofia +4241+02319
6360 iedub Europe/Dublin +5320-00615
6420 smsai Europe/San_Marino +435630+0122730 *
6440 imdgs Europe/Isle_of_Man +5410-00429 *
6460 robuh Europe/Bucharest +4426+02606
6470 mcmon Europe/Monaco +4342+00723
6480 ruuly Europe/Ulyanovsk +5420+04824
6481 bymsq Europe/Minsk +5354+02734
6482 basjj Europe/Sarajevo +4351+01823 *
6510 rukgd Europe/Kaliningrad +5443+02030
6511 rsbeg Europe/Belgrade +4450+02030
6540 uasip Europe/Simferopol +4457+03406
6550 ltvno Europe/Vilnius +5441+02519
6630 dkcph Europe/Copenhagen +5540+01235
6650 silju Europe/Ljubljana +4603+01430 *
6651 gigib Europe/Gibraltar +3608-00521
6652 mtmla Europe/Malta +3554+01431
6660 hrzag Europe/Zagreb +4548+01600 *
6680 rumow Europe/Moscow +554521+0373704
6681 ruasf Europe/Astrakhan +4621+04803
6700 livdz Europe/Vaduz +4709+00932 *
6740 lvrix Europe/Riga +5657+02406
6790 chzrh Europe/Zurich +4723+00832
6791 mdkiv Europe/Chisinau +4700+02850
6840 grath Europe/Athens +3758+02343
6850 uaozh Europe/Zaporozhye +4750+03510
6860 atvie Europe/Vienna +4813+01620
6870 skbts Europe/Bratislava +4809+01707 *
6890 debsngn Europe/Busingen +474149+0084125 *
6891 hubud Europe/Budapest +4730+01905
6900 rukvx Europe/Kirov +5836+04939
6920 jesth Europe/Jersey +4911-00206 *
6921 frpar Europe/Paris +4852+00220
6922 uauzh Europe/Uzhgorod +4837+02218
6930 gggci Europe/Guernsey +4926-00235 *
6940 ruvog Europe/Volgograd +4844+04425
6950 eetll Europe/Tallinn +5925+02445
6980 sesto Europe/Stockholm +5920+01803
6990 ptlis Europe/Lisbon +3843-00908
7250 bmbda Atlantic/Bermuda +3217-06446
7270 fotho Atlantic/Faeroe +6201-00646
7280 fkpsy Atlantic/Stanley -5142-05751
7370 ptfnc Atlantic/Madeira +3238-01654
7420 isrey Atlantic/Reykjavik +6409-02151
7470 gsgrv Atlantic/South_Georgia -5416-03632
7540 cvrai Atlantic/Cape_Verde +1455-02331
7660 shshn Atlantic/St_Helena -1557-00543 *
7850 eslpa Atlantic/Canary +2806-01524
7860 sjlyr Arctic/Longyearbyen +7813+01538 *
7861 ptpdl Atlantic/Azores +3744-02540
8060 cxxch Indian/Christmas -1025+10543
8080 muplu Indian/Mauritius -2010+05730
8150 rereu Indian/Reunion -2052+05528
8240 kmyva Indian/Comoro -1210+04415 *
8270 cccck Indian/Cocos -1210+09655
8350 ytmam Indian/Mayotte -125035+0450818 *
8440 mvmle Indian/Maldives +0410+07330
8550 scmaw Indian/Mahe -0440+05528
8720 iodga Indian/Chagos -0720+07225
8900 tfpfr Indian/Kerguelen -492110+0701303
8980 mgtnr Indian/Antananarivo -1856+04731 *
9000 sbhir Pacific/Guadalcanal -0932+16012
9070 pgpom Pacific/Port_Moresby -0930+14710
9100 ecgps Pacific/Galapagos -0054-08936
9101 ckrar Pacific/Rarotonga -2114-15946
9130 kitrw Pacific/Tarawa +0125+17300
9150 totbu Pacific/Tongatapu -2110-17510
9170 nrinu Pacific/Nauru -0031+16655
9180 ushnl Pacific/Honolulu +211825-1575130
9260 ncnou Pacific/Noumea -2216+16627
9270 kicxi Pacific/Kiritimati +0152-15720
9310 kipho Pacific/Enderbury -0308-17105
9350 gugum Pacific/Guam +1328+14445
9351 pfgmr Pacific/Gambier -2308-13457
9360 wfmau Pacific/Wallis -1318-17610
9410 asppg Pacific/Pago_Pago -1416-17042
9420 wsapw Pacific/Apia -1350-17144
9470 nzcht Pacific/Chatham -4357-17633
9500 pnpcn Pacific/Pitcairn -2504-13005
9530 fmksa Pacific/Kosrae +0519+16259
9560 mpspn Pacific/Saipan +1511+14545 *
9660 pgraw Pacific/Bougainville -0613+15534
9700 umjon Pacific/Johnston +164413-1693126 *
9710 mhmaj Pacific/Majuro +0709+17112
9720 fmtkk Pacific/Truk +0725+15147
9740 pwror Pacific/Palau +0720+13429
9750 nzakl Pacific/Auckland -3652+17446
9780 fmpni Pacific/Ponape +0658+15813
9790 clipc Pacific/Easter -2709-10926
9800 pfppt Pacific/Tahiti -1732-14934
9870 ummdy Pacific/Midway +2812-17721 *
9880 vuvli Pacific/Efate -1740+16825
9881 fjsuv Pacific/Fiji -1808+17825
9900 pfnhv Pacific/Marquesas -0900-13930
9901 nuiue Pacific/Niue -1901-16955
9910 tkfko Pacific/Fakaofo -0922-17114
9970 umawk Pacific/Wake +1917+16637
9971 mhkwa Pacific/Kwajalein +0905+16720
9980 nfnlk Pacific/Norfolk -2903+16758
9990 tvfun Pacific/Funafuti -0831+17913
[...]