Drupal 8 How to update taxonomy url's alias in the database

YOUR_MODULE_NAME.install

use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;

/**
 * Update tags url alias'.
 */
function YOUR_MODULE_NAME_update_8001() {
  // "path_alias" is the name of the table being updated (this comes from the pathauto module)
  // "alias" is the name of the field/column being updated.
  // So whats happening here is that, we're updating the alias field/column on the path_alias table. 
  // The update being done is we're replacing the value of "//tags" with "/news-and-events/topics/".
  Database::getConnection()
    ->update('path_alias')
    ->expression('alias', "REPLACE(alias, :old_value, :new_value)", [
      ':old_value' => '//tags/',
      ':new_value' => '/news-and-events/topics/',
    ])
    ->execute();
}