run vault server

config.hcl

backend "file" {
  path = "/dev/vault"
}

listener "tcp" {
  address = "0.0.0.0:8200"
  tls_disable = 1
}

disable_mlock = true

docker-compose.yml

vault:
  build: .
  command: 'bash -c ''/usr/local/bin/vault server -config=/root/config.hcl'''
  ports:
    - '8200:8200'

Dockerfile

FROM lorentzca/vault_on_centos7
COPY ./config.hcl /root/config.hcl

docker-compose build
docker-compose up

$ curl http://192.168.99.100:8200/v1/sys/init
{"initialized":false}