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Created October 5, 2012 20:16
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example data frame for endnote import
structure(list(`Reference Type` = c("17", "17", "17"), Author = c("Whitfeld, T. J. S.Novotny, V.Miller, S. E.Hrcek, J.Klimes, P.Weiblen, G. D.",
"Peres-Neto, P. R.Leibold, M. A.Dray, S.", "Eaton, D. A. R.Fenster, C. B.Hereford, J.Huang, S. Q.Ree, R. H."
), Title = c("Predicting tropical insect herbivore abundance from host plant traits and phylogenyEcologyEcology",
"Assessing the effects of spatial contingency and environmental filtering on metacommunity phylogeneticsEcologyEcology",
"Floral diversity and community structure in Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)EcologyEcology"
), `Secondary Title` = c("EcologyEcology", "EcologyEcology",
"EcologyEcology"), `Tertiary Title` = c("EcologyEcology", "EcologyEcology",
"EcologyEcology"), Pages = c("S211-S222", "S14-S30", "S182-S194"
), Volume = c("93", "93", "93"), Number = c("8", "8", "8"), Keywords = c("comparative methodsfood websherbivorylepidopteralowland rain forestnew guineaplant defenselowland rain-forestpapua-new-guineaspecies coexistencefunctional traitsDNA barcodesecological communitieshabitat specializationsuccessional statusamazonian forestsflowering plants",
"community phylogeneticscomparative biologygradient analysismetacommunitymultiscale analysesmultivariate analysesspatial analysisstochastic simulationtrait-based community assemblycommunity ecologycomprehensive frameworkneighbor matricesspecies datascalediversitytraitspatternsdiversificationlandscapes",
"biodiversity hotspotcoexistencefloral isolationhengduan mountainsphylogenetic ecologyreproductive character displacementreproductive interferenceinterspecific pollen transferpollination ecologyreproductive interferencelongiflora orobanchaceaecharacter displacementphylogenetic signalplant-communitiesseed productionsub-alpinesichuan"
), Date = c("2012Aug", "2012Aug", "2012Aug"), `ISBN/ISSN` = c("0012-9658",
"0012-9658", "0012-9658"), `Accession Number` = c("ISI:000307302400017",
"ISI:000307302400003", "ISI:000307302400015"), Notes = c("Phylogenetic ecology has identified patterns of diversity in communities that may find explanation in trophic interactions, and yet there have been few attempts to directly relate such patterns among trophic levels. Density-dependent processes involving pests and pathogens, for example, have been invoked to account for plant community phylogenetic patterns, but relatively little is known about how plant relatedness might affect community structure at other trophic levels. We examined the degree to which the abundance of herbivores in a rain forest community is explained by the phylogeny and functional traits of host plants. We destructively sampled all stems >= 5 cm diameter in two 1-ha plots of New Guinea primary and secondary lowland forest to test predicted relationships between herbivore abundance and plant resources. We analyzed per-tree caterpillar and leaf miner abundance, total leaf biomass (kg), percentage of immature foliage, specific leaf area (cm(2)/g), leaf nitrogen content (percentage of dry mass), and presence of exudates in the context of a plant community phylogeny estimated from DNA barcodes.\rApart from nitrogen content and exudates, neither plant resources nor herbivore abundance showed evidence of phylogenetic signal in our community sample. The plant traits we measured could account for only 30% and 16% of variation in caterpillar and leaf miner abundance, respectively, among individual trees. Leaf biomass was a stronger predictor of herbivore abundance than either resource quality (leaf nitrogen content) or palatability (percentage of immature foliage, specific leaf area). The primary importance of resource quantity was also observed at the plant species level in analyses of species means and phylogenetic generalized least-squares regression. Plant relatedness did not account for much variation in herbivore abundance, but significant effects of exudates and leaf nitrogen content on caterpillar abundance illustrate how conserved traits at one trophic level may influence community-wide patterns at another.",
"Patterns in biodiversity and species coexistence are the result of multiple interacting processes including evolutionary history, trait variation, species interactions, dispersal, environmental variation, and landscape heterogeneity. Exploring patterns of biodiversity across space is perhaps the best integrative method (in contrast to the scarcity of temporal data) to interpret the influence of these multiple and interactive effects in determining community assembly, but it is still underdeveloped. Two emerging fields, metacommunity ecology and community phylogenetics, have been making relevant, though rather independent, progress toward understanding how communities are assembled in space. Our main goals were twofold. First, we described a heuristical framework to merge these two fields into \"metacommunity phylogenetics.'' The main goal of this framework is to provide a way to think about how niche properties of species arranged across the environment and different spatial scales influence the process of community assembly. Second, we developed an analytical framework to link niche properties based on trait and phylogenetics to environmental and spatial variation. In order to assess the performance of the framework, we used extensive computer simulations of community assembly to show that the procedure is robust under a variety of scenarios.",
"A pervasive hypothesis at the interface of ecology and evolution is that biotic interactions contribute to regional biodiversity by accelerating adaptation and speciation. We investigated this question in the context of closely related, bumble bee-pollinated plants (Pedicularis spp.) in the Hengduan Mountains of south-central China, where they exhibit spectacular levels of richness, endemism, and floral diversity. Because these species co-occur frequently, flower synchronously, and share pollinators during the brief reproductive season, we predict that pollinator-mediated interactions may influence their community assembly and evolutionary diversification. If disparity in floral traits reduces competitive interactions between species, as would happen if floral isolation mitigates reproductive interference caused by heterospecific pollen flow, then species with dissimilar flowers should co-occur more often, yielding greater floral diversity at local scales than expected by chance. Moreover, if such interactions have repeatedly driven character displacement, then floral traits should exhibit homoplasy, the phylogenetic signature of labile evolution. We present evidence supporting these predictions, and find that local species richness is best explained by a model including both floral diversity and phylogenetic distance. Our results suggest that a dynamic mosaic of pollinator-mediated interactions among Pedicularis in the Hengduan region promotes ecological sorting through recurrent selection against reproductive interference, causing rapid species turnover at local scales, and accelerating the rate of floral divergence among species. Together these processes may have contributed to the remarkable accumulation of florally diverse species of Pedicularis endemic to the Hengduan Mountains biodiversity hotspot."
), URL = c("Suppl. S\r985WY\rTimes Cited:2\rCited References Count:85",
"Suppl. S\r985WY\rTimes Cited:2\rCited References Count:67",
"Suppl. S\r985WY\rTimes Cited:1\rCited References Count:59"),
`Electronic Resource Number` = c("dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0503.1",
"dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0494.1", "dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0501.1"
), Language = c("10.1890/11-0503.1", "10.1890/11-0494.1",
"10.1890/11-0501.1"), `NA` = c("English", "English", "English"
)), .Names = c("Reference Type", "Author", "Title", "Secondary Title",
"Tertiary Title", "Pages", "Volume", "Number", "Keywords", "Date",
"ISBN/ISSN", "Accession Number", "Notes", "URL", "Electronic Resource Number",
"Language", NA), row.names = c(NA, 3L), class = "data.frame")
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