trigger an error in a React ErrorBoundary from a hook

file.js

const TheComponent = () => {
  const [error, setError] = React.useState();
  
  React.useEffect(() => {
    const asyncOperation = async () => {
      // do something async
    };
    
    asyncOperation().catch(e => {
      setError(() => {
        throw e;
      });
    });
    
  }, []);
};

ErrorBoundaries will catch any sync error that might happen inside your render functions. Because of the way hooks work, errors will not throw by default from inside a hook.
Since we can't await asyncOperation() inside the useEffect callback, we need to manually throw the error inside the setState callback. facebook/react#14981 (comment)