Preprocess page and get menu item for the current node and load all menu parent three

module_name.module.php

<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Primary module hooks for module.
 *
 * @DCG
 * This file is no longer required in Drupal 8.
 * @see https://www.drupal.org/node/2217931
 */

use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuTreeParameters;

/**
 * Implements hook_preprocess_HOOK().
 */
function <module_name>_preprocess_page(&$variables) {
  if(!empty($variables['node'])) {
    $node = $variables['node'];
    // Get menu three service.
    $menu_tree = \Drupal::menuTree();
    // Get menu link manager service.
    $menu_link_manager = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.menu.link');
    // Load menu items for the current node.
    $result = $menu_link_manager->loadLinksByRoute('entity.node.canonical', array('node' => $node->id()));
    /** @var \Drupal\menu_link_content\Plugin\Menu\MenuLinkContent $result */
    $result = current($result);
    dump($result->getMenuName());
    $menu_tree = $menu_tree->load($result->getMenuName(), new MenuTreeParameters());
    dump($menu_tree);
    dd($result);
  }
}