- Data I/O
- Data Manipulation (acting on atomics)
- Data Wrangling (acting on structures)
- Data Validation
- Data Imputation (missing data), Anomaly Detection (outliers)
- Data Modeling
- Data Mining, Machine Learning
- Time Series, Forecasting
- Spatial Data (the emphasis here is on economic and social applications)
- Graphs, Network
- Matrix Calculus
- Probability, Simulation, Computational Statistics
- Quantitative Analyis, Applied Finance
- Digital Analytics
- Meta-Analyis
- BioConductor
- Other Applications