Install TeXLive on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

install_textlive_ubuntu1804.sh

sudo apt-get install texlive texlive-lang-german texlive-latex-extra texlive-science texlive-font-utils

You may also split texlive-full into:

Install these packages

texlive texlive-lang-german texlive-latex-extra texlive-science texlive-font-utils aglfn chktex cm-super-minimal context context-modules dvidvi dvipng feynmf fragmaster lacheck latex-cjk-common latexdiff latexmk lcdf-typetools libmagick++-6.q16-5 libplot2c2 libpstoedit0c2a m-tx pfb2t1c2pfb pmx preview-latex-style pstoedit purifyeps swath tex4ht tex4ht-common texlive-formats-extra texlive-latex-extra texlive-luatex texlive-metapost texlive-omega texlive-plain-extra texlive-publishers texlive-science texlive-xetex ttf-adf-accanthis ttf-adf-gillius ttf-adf-universalis fonts-cabin fonts-comfortaa fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-ebgaramond fonts-ebgaramond-extra fonts-font-awesome fonts-freefont-otf fonts-gfs-artemisia fonts-gfs-baskerville fonts-gfs-bodoni-classic fonts-gfs-complutum fonts-gfs-didot fonts-gfs-didot-classic fonts-gfs-gazis fonts-gfs-neohellenic fonts-gfs-olga fonts-gfs-porson fonts-gfs-solomos fonts-gfs-theokritos fonts-hosny-amiri fonts-inconsolata fonts-ipaexfont-gothic fonts-ipaexfont-mincho fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-junicode fonts-lato fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-lobster fonts-lobstertwo fonts-oflb-asana-math fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic

Omit these optional packages

texlive-generic-extra texlive-math-extra cm-super texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-lang-african texlive-lang-arabic texlive-lang-chinese texlive-lang-cjk texlive-lang-cyrillic texlive-lang-czechslovak texlive-lang-english texlive-lang-european texlive-lang-french texlive-lang-german texlive-lang-greek texlive-lang-indic texlive-lang-italian texlive-lang-japanese texlive-lang-korean texlive-lang-other texlive-lang-polish texlive-lang-portuguese texlive-lang-spanish texlive-full texlive-games texlive-fonts-extra-doc texlive-humanities texlive-humanities-doc texlive-metapost-doc texlive-publishers-doc texlive-latex-extra-doc texlive-science-doc latex-cjk-japanese latex-cjk-japanese-wadalab latex-cjk-korean latex-cjk-thai latex-cjk-chinese latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-bkai00mp latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-bsmi00lp latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-gbsn00lp latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-gkai00mp musixtex texlive-music texlive-fonts-extra latex-cjk-all

based on needed languages and package sizes.

Package size analysis

apt-cache --no-all-versions show $packages |
    awk '$1 == "Package:" { p = $2 }
         $1 == "Size:"    { printf("%10d %s\n", $2, p) }' |
    sort

Soure: askubuntu.com