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@mancvso
Created April 15, 2016 03:06
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Grammatical endings, affixes, correlatives:
-a adjective
-e adverb
-j plural
-n accusative
-o noun
Verbs:
-i infinitive
-as present
-is past
-os future
-us conditional
-u volitive (imperative, subjunctive)
Participles:
past present future
active -int- -ant- -ont-
passive -it- -at- -ot-
Prefixes:
bo- relation by marriage, "in-law"
bopatrino: mother-in-law; bofrato: brother-in-law
ĉef- head, chief
ĉefurbo: capital; ĉefministro: prime minister
dis- separation, scattering
disĵeti: to throw about; dissendi: to distribute
ek- sudden or momentary action
ekbrili: to flash; ekkrii: to shout out
ge- both sexes together
gepatroj: father and mother; gesinjoroj: ladies and gentlemen
mal- opposite
granda: big, malgranda: small; riĉa: rich, malriĉa: poor
re- over again, back again
resendi: to send back; rekonstrui: to rebuild
Suffixes:
-adi to do an action persistently or repeatedly
kuradi: to keep on running; vizitadi: to visit habitually
-ado frequent or continuous action
kuirado: cooking; parolado: speech
-aĵo thing, substance
novaĵo: news, novelty; manĝaĵo: food
-ano member, inhabitant
Usonano: American; Kristano: Christian
-aro collection, group
arbaro: forest; vortaro: dictionary
-ebla possible
videbla: visible; kredebla: credible
-eco abstract quality
boneco: goodness; amikeco: friendship
-eg- great size, intense degree, augmentative
domego: mansion; varmega: extremely hot
-ejo place
lernejo: school; vendejo: store
-ema propensity, tendency
parolema: talkative; ludema: playful
-estro leader, chief
lernejestro: school principal; urbestro: mayor
-et- smallness, small degree, diminutive
varmeta: lukewarm; libreto: booklet
-ido child, descendent
katido: kitten; reĝo: king, reĝido: prince
-igi to make, to cause to become
purigi: to clean; mortigi: to kill
-iĝi to become
naskiĝi: to be born; edziĝi: to marry (become a husband)
-ilo tool, instrument
tranĉilo: knife; ludilo: a toy
-inda worthy of
memorinda: memorable; vidinda: worth seeing
-ino feminine
patrino: mother; bovino: cow
-ismo doctrine, system (as in English)
komunismo: communism; kristanismo: Christianity
-isto person connected with something (as in English)
instruisto: teacher; komunisto: communist
-obla multiple
duobla: double; trioble: triply
-ona fraction
duona: half (of); centono: one hundredth
-ujo container, country
monujo: purse; Anglujo: England (now often "-io" in this sense)
-ulo person possessing a quality or characteristic
riĉulo: rich man; junulo: young person
-um- indefinite suffix indicating some relation with the root
kolumo: collar; malvarmumo: a cold; plenumi: to fulfill
(This is not a complete list of all official prefixes and suffixes, but only the most frequent.)
Table of Correlatives:
WHICH, THAT SOME NO EACH,
WHAT EVERY
ONE KIU TIU IU NENIU ĈIU
which one, that one someone, no-one, each one,
who somebody nobody everybody
THING KIO TIO IO NENIO ĈIO
what thing, that thing something nothing everything
what
KIND KIA TIA IA NENIA ĈIA
what kind of that kind of some kind of no kind of every kind of
PLACE KIE TIE IE NENIE ĈIE
where there somewhere nowhere everywhere
WAY KIEL TIEL IEL* NENIEL* ĈIEL*
how, thus, somehow, "nohow", in every way
in what way in that way in some way in no way
REASON KIAL TIAL IAL* NENIAL* ĈIAL*
why, for so, for for some for no for every
what reason that reason reason reason reason
TIME KIAM TIAM IAM NENIAM ĈIAM
when, at then, at at some time never, at always,
what time that time no time every time
QUANTITY KIOM TIOM IOM NENIOM ĈIOM
how much, that much, some none the whole
how many that many (quantity) quantity, all
ONE'S KIES TIES* IES* NENIES* ĈIES*
whose, that one's someone's no-one's, everyone's
which one's nobody's everybody's
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