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UNIX V5, OpenBSD, Plan 9, FreeBSD, and GNU coreutils implementations of echo.c
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main(argc, argv) | |
int argc; | |
char *argv[]; | |
{ | |
int i; | |
argc--; | |
for(i=1; i<=argc; i++) | |
printf("%s%c", argv[i], i==argc? '\n': ' '); | |
} |
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/* $OpenBSD: echo.c,v 1.7 2009/10/27 23:59:21 deraadt Exp $ */ | |
/* $NetBSD: echo.c,v 1.6 1995/03/21 09:04:27 cgd Exp $ */ | |
/* | |
* Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 | |
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. | |
* | |
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
* are met: | |
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
* without specific prior written permission. | |
* | |
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
* SUCH DAMAGE. | |
*/ | |
#include <stdio.h> | |
#include <stdlib.h> | |
#include <string.h> | |
/* ARGSUSED */ | |
int | |
main(int argc, char *argv[]) | |
{ | |
int nflag; | |
/* This utility may NOT do getopt(3) option parsing. */ | |
if (*++argv && !strcmp(*argv, "-n")) { | |
++argv; | |
nflag = 1; | |
} | |
else | |
nflag = 0; | |
while (*argv) { | |
(void)fputs(*argv, stdout); | |
if (*++argv) | |
putchar(' '); | |
} | |
if (!nflag) | |
putchar('\n'); | |
return 0; | |
} |
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#include <u.h> | |
#include <libc.h> | |
void | |
main(int argc, char *argv[]) | |
{ | |
int nflag; | |
int i, len; | |
char *buf, *p; | |
nflag = 0; | |
if(argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-n") == 0) | |
nflag = 1; | |
len = 1; | |
for(i = 1+nflag; i < argc; i++) | |
len += strlen(argv[i])+1; | |
buf = malloc(len); | |
if(buf == 0) | |
exits("no memory"); | |
p = buf; | |
for(i = 1+nflag; i < argc; i++){ | |
strcpy(p, argv[i]); | |
p += strlen(p); | |
if(i < argc-1) | |
*p++ = ' '; | |
} | |
if(!nflag) | |
*p++ = '\n'; | |
if(write(1, buf, p-buf) < 0){ | |
fprint(2, "echo: write error: %r\n"); | |
exits("write error"); | |
} | |
exits((char *)0); | |
} |
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/*- | |
* Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 | |
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. | |
* | |
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
* are met: | |
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
* without specific prior written permission. | |
* | |
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
* SUCH DAMAGE. | |
*/ | |
#if 0 | |
#ifndef lint | |
static char const copyright[] = | |
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ | |
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; | |
#endif /* not lint */ | |
#ifndef lint | |
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)echo.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93"; | |
#endif /* not lint */ | |
#endif | |
#include <sys/cdefs.h> | |
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); | |
#include <sys/types.h> | |
#include <sys/uio.h> | |
#include <assert.h> | |
#include <errno.h> | |
#include <limits.h> | |
#include <stdlib.h> | |
#include <string.h> | |
#include <unistd.h> | |
/* | |
* Report an error and exit. | |
* Use it instead of err(3) to avoid linking-in stdio. | |
*/ | |
static __dead2 void | |
errexit(const char *prog, const char *reason) | |
{ | |
char *errstr = strerror(errno); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, prog, strlen(prog)); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, ": ", 2); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, reason, strlen(reason)); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, ": ", 2); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, errstr, strlen(errstr)); | |
write(STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1); | |
exit(1); | |
} | |
int | |
main(int argc, char *argv[]) | |
{ | |
int nflag; /* if not set, output a trailing newline. */ | |
int veclen; /* number of writev arguments. */ | |
struct iovec *iov, *vp; /* Elements to write, current element. */ | |
char space[] = " "; | |
char newline[] = "\n"; | |
char *progname = argv[0]; | |
/* This utility may NOT do getopt(3) option parsing. */ | |
if (*++argv && !strcmp(*argv, "-n")) { | |
++argv; | |
--argc; | |
nflag = 1; | |
} else | |
nflag = 0; | |
veclen = (argc >= 2) ? (argc - 2) * 2 + 1 : 0; | |
if ((vp = iov = malloc((veclen + 1) * sizeof(struct iovec))) == NULL) | |
errexit(progname, "malloc"); | |
while (argv[0] != NULL) { | |
size_t len; | |
len = strlen(argv[0]); | |
/* | |
* If the next argument is NULL then this is this | |
* the last argument, therefore we need to check | |
* for a trailing \c. | |
*/ | |
if (argv[1] == NULL) { | |
/* is there room for a '\c' and is there one? */ | |
if (len >= 2 && | |
argv[0][len - 2] == '\\' && | |
argv[0][len - 1] == 'c') { | |
/* chop it and set the no-newline flag. */ | |
len -= 2; | |
nflag = 1; | |
} | |
} | |
vp->iov_base = *argv; | |
vp++->iov_len = len; | |
if (*++argv) { | |
vp->iov_base = space; | |
vp++->iov_len = 1; | |
} | |
} | |
if (!nflag) { | |
veclen++; | |
vp->iov_base = newline; | |
vp++->iov_len = 1; | |
} | |
/* assert(veclen == (vp - iov)); */ | |
while (veclen) { | |
int nwrite; | |
nwrite = (veclen > IOV_MAX) ? IOV_MAX : veclen; | |
if (writev(STDOUT_FILENO, iov, nwrite) == -1) | |
errexit(progname, "write"); | |
iov += nwrite; | |
veclen -= nwrite; | |
} | |
return 0; | |
} |
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/* echo.c, derived from code echo.c in Bash. | |
Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991-1997, 1999-2005, 2007-2011 Free Software | |
Foundation, Inc. | |
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or | |
(at your option) any later version. | |
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
GNU General Public License for more details. | |
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ | |
#include <config.h> | |
#include <stdio.h> | |
#include <sys/types.h> | |
#include "system.h" | |
/* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */ | |
#define PROGRAM_NAME "echo" | |
#define AUTHORS \ | |
proper_name ("Brian Fox"), \ | |
proper_name ("Chet Ramey") | |
/* If true, interpret backslash escapes by default. */ | |
#ifndef DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG | |
enum { DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG = false }; | |
#endif | |
void | |
usage (int status) | |
{ | |
if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS) | |
fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"), | |
program_name); | |
else | |
{ | |
printf (_("\ | |
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...\n\ | |
or: %s LONG-OPTION\n\ | |
"), program_name, program_name); | |
fputs (_("\ | |
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.\n\ | |
\n\ | |
-n do not output the trailing newline\n\ | |
"), stdout); | |
fputs (_(DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG | |
? N_("\ | |
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)\n\ | |
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes\n") | |
: N_("\ | |
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes\n\ | |
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)\n")), | |
stdout); | |
fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); | |
fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); | |
fputs (_("\ | |
\n\ | |
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:\n\ | |
\n\ | |
"), stdout); | |
fputs (_("\ | |
\\\\ backslash\n\ | |
\\a alert (BEL)\n\ | |
\\b backspace\n\ | |
\\c produce no further output\n\ | |
\\e escape\n\ | |
\\f form feed\n\ | |
\\n new line\n\ | |
\\r carriage return\n\ | |
\\t horizontal tab\n\ | |
\\v vertical tab\n\ | |
"), stdout); | |
fputs (_("\ | |
\\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)\n\ | |
\\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)\n\ | |
"), stdout); | |
printf (USAGE_BUILTIN_WARNING, PROGRAM_NAME); | |
emit_ancillary_info (); | |
} | |
exit (status); | |
} | |
/* Convert C from hexadecimal character to integer. */ | |
static int | |
hextobin (unsigned char c) | |
{ | |
switch (c) | |
{ | |
default: return c - '0'; | |
case 'a': case 'A': return 10; | |
case 'b': case 'B': return 11; | |
case 'c': case 'C': return 12; | |
case 'd': case 'D': return 13; | |
case 'e': case 'E': return 14; | |
case 'f': case 'F': return 15; | |
} | |
} | |
/* Print the words in LIST to standard output. If the first word is | |
`-n', then don't print a trailing newline. We also support the | |
echo syntax from Version 9 unix systems. */ | |
int | |
main (int argc, char **argv) | |
{ | |
bool display_return = true; | |
bool allow_options = | |
(! getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") | |
|| (! DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG && 1 < argc && STREQ (argv[1], "-n"))); | |
/* System V machines already have a /bin/sh with a v9 behavior. | |
Use the identical behavior for these machines so that the | |
existing system shell scripts won't barf. */ | |
bool do_v9 = DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG; | |
initialize_main (&argc, &argv); | |
set_program_name (argv[0]); | |
setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); | |
bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); | |
textdomain (PACKAGE); | |
atexit (close_stdout); | |
/* We directly parse options, rather than use parse_long_options, in | |
order to avoid accepting abbreviations. */ | |
if (allow_options && argc == 2) | |
{ | |
if (STREQ (argv[1], "--help")) | |
usage (EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
if (STREQ (argv[1], "--version")) | |
{ | |
version_etc (stdout, PROGRAM_NAME, PACKAGE_NAME, Version, AUTHORS, | |
(char *) NULL); | |
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
} | |
} | |
--argc; | |
++argv; | |
if (allow_options) | |
while (argc > 0 && *argv[0] == '-') | |
{ | |
char const *temp = argv[0] + 1; | |
size_t i; | |
/* If it appears that we are handling options, then make sure that | |
all of the options specified are actually valid. Otherwise, the | |
string should just be echoed. */ | |
for (i = 0; temp[i]; i++) | |
switch (temp[i]) | |
{ | |
case 'e': case 'E': case 'n': | |
break; | |
default: | |
goto just_echo; | |
} | |
if (i == 0) | |
goto just_echo; | |
/* All of the options in TEMP are valid options to ECHO. | |
Handle them. */ | |
while (*temp) | |
switch (*temp++) | |
{ | |
case 'e': | |
do_v9 = true; | |
break; | |
case 'E': | |
do_v9 = false; | |
break; | |
case 'n': | |
display_return = false; | |
break; | |
} | |
argc--; | |
argv++; | |
} | |
just_echo: | |
if (do_v9) | |
{ | |
while (argc > 0) | |
{ | |
char const *s = argv[0]; | |
unsigned char c; | |
while ((c = *s++)) | |
{ | |
if (c == '\\' && *s) | |
{ | |
switch (c = *s++) | |
{ | |
case 'a': c = '\a'; break; | |
case 'b': c = '\b'; break; | |
case 'c': exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
case 'e': c = '\x1B'; break; | |
case 'f': c = '\f'; break; | |
case 'n': c = '\n'; break; | |
case 'r': c = '\r'; break; | |
case 't': c = '\t'; break; | |
case 'v': c = '\v'; break; | |
case 'x': | |
{ | |
unsigned char ch = *s; | |
if (! isxdigit (ch)) | |
goto not_an_escape; | |
s++; | |
c = hextobin (ch); | |
ch = *s; | |
if (isxdigit (ch)) | |
{ | |
s++; | |
c = c * 16 + hextobin (ch); | |
} | |
} | |
break; | |
case '0': | |
c = 0; | |
if (! ('0' <= *s && *s <= '7')) | |
break; | |
c = *s++; | |
/* Fall through. */ | |
case '1': case '2': case '3': | |
case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': | |
c -= '0'; | |
if ('0' <= *s && *s <= '7') | |
c = c * 8 + (*s++ - '0'); | |
if ('0' <= *s && *s <= '7') | |
c = c * 8 + (*s++ - '0'); | |
break; | |
case '\\': break; | |
not_an_escape: | |
default: putchar ('\\'); break; | |
} | |
} | |
putchar (c); | |
} | |
argc--; | |
argv++; | |
if (argc > 0) | |
putchar (' '); | |
} | |
} | |
else | |
{ | |
while (argc > 0) | |
{ | |
fputs (argv[0], stdout); | |
argc--; | |
argv++; | |
if (argc > 0) | |
putchar (' '); | |
} | |
} | |
if (display_return) | |
putchar ('\n'); | |
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); | |
} |
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