Cx - Syntax Proposal for an "easier" C Syntax

example.cx

// Runs on C runtime, exports C-ABI.

// No Headers
import cstdlib;
import cstdio;

struct vec2 {
	float x, y;

	// struct methods
	float length() {
		return sqrt(x*x + y*y);
	}

}

// multiple return values
(float,float) components(vec2 v) {
	return (v.x, v.y);
}
(FILE*, int) open_file(char[] filename, char[] mode) {
	// local type inference
	result := fopen(filename, mode);
	if (result == 0) {
		return (0, errno);
	} else {
		return (result, 0);
	}
}

// operator overloading
vec2 operator*(float k, vec2 v) { return { k * v.x, k * v.y }; }
vec2 operator+(vec2 u, vec2 v) { return { u.x + v.x, u.y + v.y }; }

// go-like interfaces

interface updater {
	void update(float dt);
}

/*
Storage equivalent to:

struct updater {
	void *p_receiver;
	void (*p_update)(void *self, float dt);
}
*/

struct particle {
	vec2 pos, speed;

	void update(float dt) {
		pos = pos + dt * speed;
	}
}

struct shiny_particle {
	particle; // go-style struct embedding
	float shimmer;
	
	void init() {
		pos = { 0, 0 };
		speed = { 0, 0 };
		shimmer = 0;
	}
	
	particle* getp() {
		// type name can also be used as a field accessor, too
		return &this.particle; 
	}
}

void main(char[][] args) {
	puts("Hello, World");

	// pointers just like in C
	particle[100] buf;
	particle* ptr = buf;

	// interfaces validated/populated on assignment
	updater up = ptr; // OK
	up.update(0.333f);
	vec2 v;
	up = &v; // compiler error

	// no "->"
	printf("%f, %f\n", ptr.x, ptr.y);

	// no exceptions, just error codes
	fd, err := open_file("foo.txt", "r");
	if (err != 0) {
		puts("derp");
		return -1;
	}

	// slices
	particle[] first_half = buf[0:50];
	particle[] second_half buf[50:100];
	first_half[51]; // segfault

	// checked access
	p, err := second_half[20];
	if (err != 0) {
		puts("derp, derp");
		return -2;
	}

	return 0;
}

// go-like namespace-level name visibility
namespace my_package {
	struct foo {
		int bar;
		private int baz;
	}

	private void frob() {
		puts("frob");
	}	

	void print_baz(foo x) {
		printf("%d\n", x.baz); // legal, in namespace
	}
}

void print_baz(my_package.foo x) {
	my_package.frob();       // illegal
	printf("%d\n", x.baz);   // illegal
	my_package.print_baz(x);
}