Code: Safer configuration and exception masks in C++

demo.cpp

#include <cstdint>

enum class ValidationExceptions : uint32_t
{
    COMP_NO_EXCEPTION = 0,
    COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO  = 1,
    COMP_EXCEEDS_MIN  = 2,
    COMP_EXCEEDS_MAX  = 4,
    COMP_NOT_ENOUGH   = 8,
};

template <typename Flag>
struct Mask
{
    using This = Mask<Flag>;
    uint32_t mask;
    
    /* 1 */ constexpr Mask()          : mask(0) {}
    /* 2 */ constexpr Mask(Flag flag) : mask(static_cast<uint32_t>(flag)) {}
    
    constexpr This& operator|=(This that)
    {
        this->mask |= that.mask;
        return *this;
    }
    
    constexpr This& operator&=(This that)
    {
        this->mask &= that.mask;
        return *this;
    }
    
    friend constexpr const This operator|(This lhs, This rhs)
    {
        lhs |= rhs;
        return lhs;
    }
    
    friend constexpr const This operator&(This lhs, This rhs)
    {
        lhs &= rhs;
        return lhs;
    }
    
    explicit operator bool() const { return mask > 0; }
};

using ValidationMask = Mask<ValidationExceptions>;

static_assert(
              (ValidationMask(ValidationExceptions::COMP_NOT_ENOUGH) | ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO).mask == (static_cast<uint32_t>(ValidationExceptions::COMP_NOT_ENOUGH) | static_cast<uint32_t>(ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO)),
              "Failed to OR mask and flag"
              );

static_assert(
              (ValidationMask(ValidationExceptions::COMP_NOT_ENOUGH) & ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO).mask == (static_cast<uint32_t>(ValidationExceptions::COMP_NOT_ENOUGH) & static_cast<uint32_t>(ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO)),
              "Failed to AND mask and flag"
              );

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    int denom = 0;
    
    ValidationMask mask;
    if (0 == denom)
    {
        mask |= ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO;
    }
    
    ValidationMask anotherMask(ValidationExceptions::COMP_NOT_ENOUGH);
    mask &= anotherMask;
    
    if (mask & ValidationExceptions::COMP_DIV_BY_ZERO)
    {
        // Log an exception
    }
}