Black's Legal Dictionary in JSONL format.

blacks-dictionary.jsonl

{"title":"AUTOGRAPH","definition":"The handwriting of any one.","related":["EX SCRIPTIS OLIM VISIS","MAYN L","WILL HOLOGRAPHIC","IDENTIFICATION","HOLOGRAFO","EX VISU SCRIPTIONIS","ONOMASTIC","HANDWRITING EXPERT","BON FR","COMPARISON OF HANDWRITING"]}
{"title":"AUXILIUM REGIS","definition":"In English law. The king’s aid or money levied for the royal use and the public service, as taxes granted by parliament.","related":["BANCUS REGIS","VIDUA REGIS","AUXILIUM","SERVIENS DOMINI REGIS","DE NON RESIDENTIA CLERICI REGIS","AD JURA REGIS","CAMERA REGIS","MINISTRI REGIS","NON-RESIDENTIO PRO CLERICO REGIS","AUXILIUM CURIAE"]}
{"title":"AVER SILVER","definition":"A custom or rent formerly so called.","related":["GREEN SILVER","AVER CORN","HERRING SILVER","ALE SILVER","SLOUGH SILVER","AVER, N","AVER, V","AVER","AVER PENNY","AVER LAND"]}
{"title":"AVOID","definition":"To annul; cancel; make yoid; to destroy the efficacy of anything.","related":["CONDITIONS TO AVOID","VITIATE","ANNUL","VACATE","DESTROY","DISSOLVE","DISCHARGE","SET ASIDE","RESCIND","DEFACE"]}
{"title":"AWARD, N","definition":"The decision or determination rendered by arbitrators or commissioners, or other private or extrajudicial deciders, upon a controversy submitted to them ; also the writing or document embodying such decision. Halnon v. Ilalnon, 55 Vt 321; Henderson v. Beaton, 52 Tex. 43; Peters v. Peirce, 8 Mass. 398; Benjamin v. U. S., 29 Ct. CI. 417.","related":["AWARD","NO AWARD","AWARD, V","PRE-AWARD SURVEY","MULTIPLE AWARD","LETTER OF AWARD","CONDEMNATION AWARD","BACK PAY AWARD","ARBITRAMENT AND AWARD","UNITARY AWARD"]}
{"title":"ATTACHING CREDITOR","definition":"One who has caused an attachment to be issued and levied on property of his debtor.","related":["EXECUTION CREDITOR","DOMESTIC CREDITOR","FOREIGN CREDITOR","CATHOLIC CREDITOR","CREDITOR AT LARGE","JUDGMENT CREDITOR","CONFIDENTIAL\nCREDITOR","CONFIDENTIAL CREDITOR","CREDITOR","PRINCIPAL CREDITOR"]}
{"title":"Amentia","definition":"A total lack of intelligence, reason, or mental capacity. Sometimes so used as to cover imbecility or dotage, or even as applicable to all forms of insanity ; but properly restricted to a lack of mental capacity due to original defective organization of the brain (idiocy) or arrested cerebral development, as distinguished from the degeneration of intellectual faculties which once were normal.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Family Law","Patent Law","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE","definition":"And see Peters v. Warren Ins. Co., 19 Fed. Cas. 370.","related":["AVERAGE DOWN","PARTICULAR AVERAGE","WITH PARTICULAR AVERAGE","AVERAGE UP","AVERAGE PRODUCT","AVERAGE NET RECEIVABLES","GENERAL AVERAGE","MOVING AVERAGE","AVERAGE MATURITY","AVERAGE WITHOUT PERCENTAGE"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL DAMAGES","definition":"Are real, substantial and just damages, or the amount awarded to a complainant in compensation for his actual and real loss or injury, as opposed on the one hand to “nominal” damages, and on the other to “exemplary” or “punitive” damages. Ross v. Leggett, 61 Mich. 445, 28 N. W. 695. 1 Am. St Rep. 608: Lord v. Wood, 120 Iowa, 303, 94 N. W. 842; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Lawson, 66 Kan.. 600, 72 Pac. 2S3; Field v. Monster. 11 Tex. Civ. App. 341, 32 S. W. 417; Oliver v. Columbia, etc., R. Co., 05 S. C. 1, 43 S. E. 307; Gatzow v. Buening, 106 Wis. 1. 81 N. W. 1003, 49 L. R. A. 475, 80 Am. St. Rep. 1 ; Osborn v. Leach, 135 X. C. 02S 47 S. E. 811, 66 L. R. A. 648; Gen. St. Minn. 1S94.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Payment Systems","Remedies"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE DAMAGES","definition":"In admiralty law, affirmative damages are damages which a respondent in a libel for injuries to a vessel may recover, which may be in excess of any amount which the libellant would be entitled to claim. Ebert v. The Reuben Doud (D. C.t 3 Fed. 520.","related":["EXCESSIVE DAMAGES","AFFIRMATIVE STATUTE","LIQUIDATED AND UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES","AFFIRMATIVE PREGNANT","DOUBLE DAMAGES","TREBLE DAMAGES","DAMAGES PUNITIVE","DAMAGES EXCESSIVE","MITIGATION OF DAMAGES","ADDED DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"ASTRONOMICAL DAY","definition":"The period of twenty- four hours beginning and ending at noon.","related":["ENTIRE DAY","SOLAR DAY","LATENCY","DAY","NATURAL DAY","AVERAGE INVENTORY","TIME PERIOD","MAINTENANCE RATIO","NEAP TIDES","NOMINAL ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL DAY","definition":"The time between the rising and setting of the sun; that is. day or daytime as distinguished from night.","related":["ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","ARTIFICIAL","ARTIFICIAL PERSON","ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET (ANN)","ARTIFICIAL LIFE","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","ARTIFICIAL\nSUCCESSION","ARTIFICIAL PRESUMPTIONS","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION"]}
{"title":"ARGENTIIM ALBUM","definition":"Bullion ; uncoined silver ; common silver coin; silver coin worn smooth. Cowell ; Spelman.","related":["ALBUM BREVE","SEIGNIORAGE","BULLION COINS","TREASURE-TROVE","BASE BULLION","CROWN","STERLING","DENARIUS","CHANGER","MARCHETA"]}
{"title":"ARIMANNI","definition":"A mediteval term for a class of agricultural owners of small allodial farms, which they cultivated in connection with larger farms belonging to their lords, paying rent and service for the latter, and being under the protection of their superiors. Military tenants holding lands from the emperor. Spelman.","related":["FARM","SHACK","ALLODARII","RIGA","FEE-FARM","METAYER SYSTEM","NONjE ET DECIMSE","JAMUNLINGI, JAMUNDILINGI","PARTITION","LIBERI"]}
{"title":"ARMS","definition":"Anything that a man wears for his defense, or takes in his hands, or uses in his anger, to cast at or strike at another. Co. Litt. 1616, 162a; State v. Buzzard, 4 Ark. 18. This term, as it Is used in the constitution, relative to the right of citizens to bear arms, refers to the arms of a militiaman or soldier, and the word is used in its military sense. The arms of the infantry soldier are the musket and bayonet; of cavalry and dragoons, the sabre, holster pistols, and carbine; of the artillery, the field-piece, siegegun, and mortar, with side arms. The term, in this connection, cannot be made to cover such weapons as dirks, daggers, slung-shots, sword- canes, brass knuckles, and bowieknives. These are not military arms. English v. State, 35 Tex. 476, 14 Am. Rep. 374; Hill v. State, 53 Ga. 472; Fife v. State, 31 Ark. 455, 25 Am. Rep. 556; Andrews v. State, 3 Heisk. (Tenn.) 170, 8 Am. Rep. 8; Aymette v. State, 2 Humph. (Tenn.) 154. Arms, or coat of arms, signifies insignia, i. e., ensigns of honor, such as were formerly assumed by soldiers of fortune, and painted on their shields to distinguish them; or nearly the same as armorial bearings, (q. v.)","related":["BEAR ARMS","KINGS-AT-ARMS","RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS","ARMS INDEX","SERGEANT AT ARMS","LYON KING OF ARMS","MIEES","EXERCITUAL","COGNITIONES","MANSION"]}
{"title":"AERSST","definition":"In criminal practice. The stopping, seizing, or apprehending a person by lawful authority; the act of laying hands upon a person for the purpose of taking his body into custody of the law ; the restraining of the liberty of a man’s person in order to compel obedience to the order of a court of justice, or to prevent the commission of a crime, or to insure that a person charged or suspected of a crime may be forthcoming to answer it. French v. Bancroft, 1 Mete. (Mass.) 502; Emery v. Chesley, IS N. II. 201; U. S. v. Benner, 24 Fed. Cas. 10S4; Rhodes v. Walsh, 55 Minn. 542, 57 N. W. 212. 23 L. Ii. A. 032; Ex parte Sherwood, 20 Tex. App. 334, 15 S. W. 812. Arrest is well described in the old books as “the beginning of imprisonment, when a man is first taken and restrained of his liberty, by power of a lawful warrant.” 2 Shep. Abr. 290: Wood, Inst. Com. Law, 575. In civil practice. The apprehension of a person by virtue of a lawful authority to answer the demand against him in a civil action. In admiralty practice. In admiralty actions a ship or cargo Is arrested when the marshal has served the writ in an action in rem. Williams \u0026 B. Adm. Jur. 193; Pelham v. Rose, 9 Wall. 103, 19 L. Ed. 602. Synonyms distinguished. The term “apprehension” seems to be more peculiarly appropriate to seizure on criminal process; while “arrest” may apply to either a civil or criminal action, but is perhaps better confined to the former. Montgomery County v. Robinson, S5 111. 170. As ordinarily used, the terms “arrest” and “attachment” coincide in meaning to some extent, though in strictness, as a distinction, an arrest may be said to be the act resulting from the service of an attachment; and, in the more extended sense which is sometimes given to attachment. including the act of taking, it would scein to differ from arrest, in that it is more peculiarly applicable to a taking of property, while arrest is more commonly used in speaking of persons. 1 iouvier. By arrest is to be understood to take the party into custody. T o commit is the separate and distinct act of carrying the party to prison, after having taken him into custody by force of the execution. French v. Bancroft, 1 Mete. (Mass.) 502.","related":["COMMIT","DETAINER","CAPIAS","APPREHENSION","NOMINATIO AUCTORIS","ATTACH","PRISONER","ARREST","CONSPIRACY","CASUAL EJECTOR"]}
{"title":"ARRIERE FIEF, OR FEE","definition":"In feudal law. A fief or fee dependent on a superior one; an inferior fief granted by a vassal of the king, out of the fief held by him. Mon- tesq. Esprit des Lois, liv. 31, cc. 26, 32.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Procedure","Professional Responsibility","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES","definition":"1. A connected series of propositions; a system of rules. The subdivisions of a document, code, book, etc. A specification of distinct matters agreed upon or established by authority or requiring Judicial action. 2. A statute; as having its provisions articulately expressed under distinct heads. Several of the ancient English statutes were called “articles,” (articuli.) 3. A system of rules established by legal authority; as articles of war, articles of the navy, articles of faith, (see infra.) 4. A contractual document executed between parties, containing stipulations or terms of agreement; as articles of agreement, articles of partnership. 5. In chancery practice. A formal written statement of objections filed by a party, after depositions have been taken, showing ground for discrediting the witnesses.","related":["ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF FAITH","ARTICLES APPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES OF UNION"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF THE\nPEACE","definition":"A complaint made or exhibited to a court by a person who makes oath that he is in fear of death or bodily harm from some one who has threatened or attempted to do him injury. The court may thereupon order the person complained of to find sureties for the peace, and, in default may commit him to prison. 4 Bl. Comm. 255.","related":["ARTICLES OF THE PEACE","COMMISSION OF THE PEACE","CONSERVATORS OF THE PEACE","BREACH OF THE PEACE","PEACE BOND","PEACE","SWEARING THE PEACE","DISTURBANCE OF THE PEACE","JUSTICE OF THE PEACE","AGAINST THE PEACE"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL\nSUCCESSION","definition":"The succession between predecessors and successors in a corporation aggregate or sole. Thomas v. Dakin, 22 Wend. (N. Y.) 100.","related":["SUCCESSION","SUCCESSION PLANNING","VACANT SUCCESSION","SUCCESSION TESTAMENTARY","RAPPORT A SUCCESSION","DOMICILE OF SUCCESSION","AGGREGATE AND SOLE","ARTIFICIAL","ARTIFICIAL DAY","SUCCESSION TAX"]}
{"title":"ASPORTATION","definition":"The removal of things from one place to another. Hie carrying away of goods; one of the circumstances requisite to constitute the offense of larceny. 4 Bl. Comm. 231. Wilson v. State, 21 Md. 1; State v. Higgins, SS Mo. 354; Rex v. Walsh, 1 Moody, Cr. Cas. 14, 15.","related":["WAREHOUSE","LARCENY","FORMED DESIGN","SHOP","BOOKS OF ACCOUNT","COMMON-LAW CHEAT","CARIAGIUM","EXPORTATION","CEPIT","AGGRAVATION OF DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"ASSEMBLY GENERAL","definition":"The highest ecclesiastical court in Scotland, composed of a repre sentation of the ministers and elders of the church, regulated by Act 5th Assem. 1694.","related":["ASSEMBLY","FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY","UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY","MAJOR ASSEMBLY","ASSEMBLY LINE","ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE","RIOTOUS ASSEMBLY","REBELLIOUS ASSEMBLY","ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL","PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY"]}
{"title":"ASSEVERATION","definition":"An affirmation ; a positive assertion; a solemn declaration. This word Is seldom, if ever, used for a declaration made under oath, but denotes a declaration accompanied with solemnity or an appeal to conscience.","related":["A SOLEMN RELIGIOUS ASSEVERATION IN THE NATURE OF AN OATH","CORPORAL OATB","AFFIDAVIT","AFFIRMANT","AFFIRM","AFFIRMATION","TESTIFY","WITNESS, n","SOLEMN","PERJURY"]}
{"title":"ASSISA CONTINNANDA","definition":"An ancient writ addressed to the justices of assise for the continuation of a cause, when certain facts put in issue could not have been proved in time by the party alleging them. Reg. Orig. 217.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Labor Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ASSISE OF CLARENDON","definition":"See ASSISA.","related":["CONSTITUTIONS OF CLARENDON","ASSISA DE CLARENDON","COMMISSION\nOF ASSISE","CLERK OF ASSISE","ASSISE RENTS","ASSISE OF THE FOREST","ASSISE OF NNISANCE","ASSISE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN","ASSISE, OR ASSIZE","AFFORCE THE ASSISE"]}
{"title":"ASSIZES DE JERUSALEM","definition":"A code of feudal jurisprudence prepared by an assembly of barons and lords A. D. 1099, after the conquest of Jerusalem.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Secured Transactions","LXTARE JERUSALEM","ASSIZES","Trust and Will","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","TEMPLARS"]}
{"title":"ASTITRARIUS HJERES","definition":"An heir apparent who has been placed, by conveyance, in possession of his ancestor’s estate during such ancestor’s life-time. Co. Litt 8.","related":["INHERITANCE","PRIVITY","ADMITTANCE","L9 SUDDEN HEAT OF PASSION","FREEHOLD","HEIR","SHELLEY’S CASE, RULE IN","ANNUS DELIBERANDI","REAL ASSETS","CONFIRMATIO"]}
{"title":"ATAVUNCULUS","definition":"The brother of a great-grandfather’s grandmother.","related":["AVUNCULUS","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","DESCENT","TRITAVIA","ATA VIA","BROTHER","FRERE"]}
{"title":"ATTACHMENT EXECUTION","definition":"A name given In some states to a process of garnishment for the satisfaction of a judgment. As to the judgment debtor it is an execution; but as to the garnishee it is an original process","related":["ATTACHMENT","EXECUTION","EXECUTION CREDITOR","ANCILLARY\nATTACHMENT","DEMAND IN ATTACHMENT","BODY EXECUTION","ATTACHMENT OF PRIVILEGE","ALIAS EXECUTION","DORMANT EXECUTION","SPEEDY EXECUTION"]}
{"title":"ATTESTING\nWITNESS","definition":"One who signs his name to an instrument, at the request of the party or parties, for the purpose of proving and identifying it. Skinner v. Bible Soc., 92 Wis. 209, Oo N. W. 1037.","related":["ATTESTING WITNESS","SUBSCRIBING WITNESS","FRIENDLY WITNESS","HOSTILE WITNESS","IN WITNESS WHEREOF","EXPERT WITNESS","IN WITNESS WHEREOF","WITNESS, n","WITNESS HOSTILE","ADVERSE WITNESS"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY GENERAL","definition":"In English law. The chief law officer of the realm, being created by letters patent, whose office is to exhibit informations and prosecute for the crown iu matters criminal, and to file bills in the exchequer in any matter concerning the king’s revenue. State v. Cunningham, 83 Wis. 90, 53 N. W. 35, 17 L. R. A. 145, 35 Am. St. Rep. 27. In American law. The attorney general of the United States is the head of the department of justice, appointed by the president, and a member of the cabinet. He appears in behalf of the government in all cases iu the supreme court in which it is interested, and gives his legal advice to the president and heads of departments upon questions submitted to him. In each state also there is an attorney general, or similar officer, who appears for the people, as iu England the attorney general appears for the crown. State v. District Court, 22 Mont. 25, 55 Pac. 910; People v. Kramer, 33 Misc. Rep. 209, 68 N. Y. Supp. 383.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Bill Of Rights","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"AUDIENDO ET TERMINANDO","definition":"A .Tit or commission to certain persons to appease and punish any insurrection or great riot. Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 110.","related":["DE AUDIENDO ET TERMINANDO","AFFRAY","SCTJTAGIO HABENDO","BESAYEL, BESAIEL, BESAYLE","COSENAGE","DE PARTITIONE FACIENDA","DE RESCUSSU","INSURGENT","COMMISSION OF\nDELEGATES","DE SCUTAGIO HABENDO"]}
{"title":"ANARCHIST","definition":"One who professes and advocates the doctrines of anarchy, q. v. And see Cerveny v. Chicago Daily News Co., 130 111. 345, 28 N. E. 002, 13 L. R. A. 804; United States v. Williams, 194 U. S. 279, 24 Sup. Ct. 719, 48 L. Ed. 979.","related":["PRINCIPLES","FINDING","BANCI NARRATORES","SUPERNUMERARY","ADVOCATI FISCI","SECT","ALIEN INSURER","STATE, n","BEAT, N","BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT SERJEANT","definition":"In English law. The eldest of the queen’s serjeants.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law","Secured Transactions","PRIME SERJEANT","PREMIER SERJEANT, THE \nQUEEN’S","SERJEANT","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)"]}
{"title":"ANGILD","definition":"In Saxon law. The single value of a man or other thing: a single were- gild; the compensation of a thing according to its single value or estimation. Spelman. The double gild or compensation was called “ticipihl,” the triple, “trigild,” etc. Id.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","definition":"The intention to take or capture. 4 C. Rob. Adm. 120, 155.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS RESTITUENDI","definition":"The intention of restoring. Fleta. lib. 3, c. 2.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI"]}
{"title":"ANNICULUS","definition":"A child a year old. Calvin.","related":["AMITINUS","PROLYTiE","NATURAL CHILD","ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","ANNUS","ANNUS UTILIS","GIFTED","PUISSANCE PATERNELLE","CITIZENSHIP TEST","JUMPING JUVENILE"]}
{"title":"ANNUITIES OF TIENDS","definition":"In Scotch law. Annuities of tithes; 10s. out of the boll of tiend wheat, 8s. out of the boll of beer, less out of the boll of rye, oats, and peas, allowed to the crown yearly of the tiends not paid to the bishops, or set apart for other pious uses.","related":["DEFERRED LIFE ANNUITIES","REPRISES","SUFFRAGAN","PROCURATIONS","IMPROPRIATE RECTOR","MONEY PURCHASE PLAN","AVENAGE","ARRENT","WOOD-CORN","DECIMSE DE DEEIMATIS SOLVI NON DEBENT"]}
{"title":"ANOMALOUS INJLORSER","definition":"A stranger to a note, who indorses it after its execution and delivery but before maturity, and before it has been indorsed by the payee. Buck v. Hutcliins, 45 Minn. 270, 47 N. W. 808.","related":["ANOMALOUS","PLEA ANOMALOUS","ANOMALOUS PLEA","INDORSER","ENDORSEE","ADVERSE CLAIM","CERTIFIED CHECK","PERPETUAL DEBT","EXEQUATUR","DACION"]}
{"title":"ANTENUPTIAL","definition":"Made or done before a marriage. Antenuptial settlements are settlements of property upon the wife, or upon her and her children, made before and in contemplation of the marriage.","related":["Family Law","Secured Transactions","Property Law – 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Trust and Will","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"APARTMENT","definition":"A part of a house occupied by a person, while the rest is occupied by another, or others. As to the meaning of this term, see 7 Man. \u0026 G. 95; 6 Mod. 214 ; McMillan v. Solomon, 42 Ala. 356, 94 Am. Dec. 654; Commonwealth v. Estabrook, 10 Pick. (Mass.) 293; McLellan v. Dalton, 10 Mass. 190; People v. St. Clair, 38 Cal. 137.","related":["APARTMENT BUILDING","COOPERATIVE APARTMENT","APARTMENT HOTEL","CARDS","COMMON THIEF","BONA LAT N","TRIBUNAL","ECCLESIASTICAL COUNCIL","NOMINATIO AUCTORIS","HIS HONOR"]}
{"title":"APOGKAPHIA","definition":"A civil law term signifying an inventory or enumeration of things in one’s possession. Calvin,","related":["MANU LONGA","TENERE","EX BONIS","COMMUNIO BONORUM","DOMINIUM","SOLIDARY","APPELLATOR","UTI POSSIDETIS","MARTE SUO DECURRERE","LIBELLUS"]}
{"title":"APPARENT HEIR","definition":"In English law. One whose right of inheritance is indefeasible, provided he outlive the ancestor. 2 Bl. Comm. 208. In Scotch law. He is the person to whom the succession has actually opened. He is so called until his regular entry on the lands by service or infeftment on a precept of clarc constat.","related":["HEIR APPARENT","HEIR-LOOMS","CO-HEIR","FELLOW-HEIR","HEIR","APPARENT","APPARENT AGENCY","APPARENT AUTHORITY","APPARENT\nMATURITY","APPARENT JEOPARDY"]}
{"title":"APPELLATE","definition":"Pertaining to or having cognizance of appeals and other proceedings for the judicial review of adjudications.","related":["APPELLATE COURT","APPELLATE JURISDICTION","EXTRAJUDICIAL","ORDINARY,","CERTIORARI","JUDICIAL BOND","ADJUDICATION","COGNIZANCE","TRIBUNAUX DE COMMERCE","JUDICIAL PRIVILEGE"]}
{"title":"APPLICATIO EST VITA REGULSE","definition":"Application is the life of a rule. 2 Bulst. 79.","related":["CUI IN VITA","DURANTE VITA","IN PLENA VITA","JUS DUPLICATUM","REGULAR","CATONIANA REGULA","EQUITABLE\nCONSTRUCTION","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","IN BEING","PRIVILEGIUM CLERICAL E"]}
{"title":"APPREHEND","definition":"To take hold of, whether with the mind, and so to conceive, believe, fear, dread, (Trogdon v. State, 133 Ind. I, 32 N. E. 725;) or actually and bodily, and so to take a person on a criminal process ; to seize; to arrest, (Hogan v. Stophlet, 179 111. 150, 53 N. E. 604, 44 L. R. A. 809.)","related":["APPREHENSION","ARTICLES OF THE\nPEACE","AERSST","SIMPLE BATTERY","TAKE","REASONABLE BELIEF","WARRANT BENCH","TORTURE","CONTRAINTE PAR CORPS","BENEFIT OF CLERGY"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATOR","definition":"One who makes an appropriation; as, an appropriator of water. Lux v. Ilaggin, 69 Cal. 255, 10 Pac. 736. In English ecclcsiastical law. A spiritual corporation entitled to the profits of a benefice.","related":["APPROPRIATION OF WATER","IMPROPRIATION","APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS","DISAPPROPRIATION","PRIMITIVE","COMMISSARY","CAPITAL ALLOWANCE","OBVENTIO","DEPRIVATION","BIENES COMNNES"]}
{"title":"APUD ACTA","definition":"Among the acts; among the recorded proceedings. In the civil law, this phrase is applied to appeals taken orally, in the presence of the judge, at the time of judgment or sentence.","related":["ACTA PUBLICA","ACTA DECLARATORIA","DOOM","IN PECTORE JUDICIS","JUDICARE","SENTENTIA","APOSTLES","RECORDER, n","TALITER PROCESSUM EST","DECRETUM"]}
{"title":"AKABANT","definition":"They plowed. A term of feudal law, applied to those who held by the tenure of plowing and tilling the lord’s lands within the manor. Cowell.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"ARBITRATION OF EXCHANGE","definition":"This takes place where a merchant pays his debts in one country by a bill of exchange upon another.","related":["FOREIGN BILL OF EXCHANGE","RE EXCHANGE","ARBITRATION","COMPULSORY ARBITRATION","DOMESTIC BILL OF EXCHANGE","FUTURES EXCHANGE","NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSX)","BILL OF EXCHANGE","SET OF EXCHANGE","REGIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE"]}
{"title":"ARCHDEACON’S COURT","definition":"In English ecclesiastical law. A court held before a judge appointed by the archdeacon, and called his official. Its jurisdiction comprises the granting of probates and administrations, and ecclesiastical causes in general, arising within the archdeaconry. It is the most inferior court in the whole ecclesiastical polity of England. 3 Bl. Comm. 04; 3 Steph. Comm. 430.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Constitutional Law","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATION","definition":"In practice. A solemn and formal declaration or asseveration that an affidavit is true, that the witness will tell the truth, etc., this being substituted for an oath in certain cases.","related":["AFFIRM","AFFIRMATION OF CONTRACT","AFFIRMATION OF FACT","DEPONENT","PERJURY","ASSEVERATION","VERIFICATION","CORPORAL OATB","AFFIDAVIT","VERIFY"]}
{"title":"AFFRANCHISE","definition":"To liberate; to make free.","related":["LIBERARE","ITERATIO","REDEEM","DISCHARGE","FREE","MARKETABLE TITLE","FREEMIUM","CLEAR","CLEAN","FREE CITY"]}
{"title":"AGAINST THE FORM OF THE STATUTE","definition":"When the act complained of is prohibited by a statute. these technical words must be used in an indictment under it. The Latin phrase is contra formam statuti. State v. Murphy. 15 R. I. 543. 10 Atl. 585.","related":["CONCLUSION AGAINST THE FORM OF THE STATUTE","FORM OF THE STATUTE","COUNT UPON A STATUTE","STATUTE EXPOSITORY","ENABLING STATUTE","WESTMINSTER THE THIRD, STATUTE OF","GLOUCESTER, STATUTE OF","STATUTE PERSONAL","PRISONAM FRANGENTIBUS, STATUTE DE","SAVING THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS"]}
{"title":"AGGER","definition":"Lat. In the civil law. A dam, bank or mound. Cod. 9, 3S; Townsh. PI. 4S.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Law School Outlines","Evidence","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"AGNATIC","definition":"[From agnati, q. v.] Derived from or through males. 2 Bl. Comm. 230.","related":["Patent Law","AGISTMENT","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","ANIMO","Criminal Law","Contracts I (Hillman)","FORFEITURE"]}
{"title":"AGREED","definition":"Settled or established by agreement. This word in a deed creates a covenant. This word is a technical term, and it is synonymous with “contracted,” McKisick v. McKisick, Meigs (Tenn.) 433. It means, ex vi termini, that it is the agreement of both parties, whether both sign it or not. each and both consenting to it. Aikin v. Albany, V. \u0026 C. R. Co., 26 Barb. (N. Y.) 298.","related":["AGREED CASE","CASE AGREED ON","DISMISSAL AGREED","AGREED STATEMENT OF FACTS","Agreed Value","Agreed Cost","AGREED-UPON PROCEDURES","AGREED VALUATION","AGREED ORDER","AGREED AMOUNT CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"AID PRAYER","definition":"In English practice. A proceeding formerly made use of, by way of petition in court, praying in aid of the tenant for life, etc., from the reversioner or remainder- man, when the title to the inheritance was in question. It was a plea in suspension of the action. 3 Bl. Comm. 300.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"AL","definition":"L. Fr. At the; to the. Allaire; at the bar. Al huis d’csglise; at the church- door.","related":["HUIS","DOWER AD OSTIUM ECCLESIAE","OSTIUM ECCLESLS:","AD OSTIUM ECCLESI2E","SUTHDURE","THROUGH BILL OF LADING (B/L)","MONTHLY DEBIT ORDINARY (MDO)","VESTRY","PORTER","NONjE ET DECIMSE"]}
{"title":"ALDERMANNNS CIVITATIS VEL BURGI","definition":"Alderman of a city or borough, from which the modern oilice of alderman has been derived. T. liaym. 435, 437.","related":["DEFENSOR CIVITATIS","BOROUGH FUND","ASSISE\nOF FRESH FORCE","MUNICIPALITY","EALDERMAN, or EALDORMAN","HAGA","BURGOMASTER","BOROUGH","NON INTROMITTANT CLAUSE","BORSHOLDER"]}
{"title":"ALGO","definition":"Span. In Spanish law. Property. White, Nov. Recop. b. 1, tit. 5, c. 3.","related":["TANTEO","TRADICION","UTILIDAD","ESPURIO","PROPRIEDAD","MUEBLES","DANO","HIDALGO","INDICTMENT","DOTE"]}
{"title":"ALIENATIO LICET PROHIBEATUR, CONSENSU TAMEN OMNIUM","definition":"in quorum favorem prohibits est, potest fieri, et quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introdncto. Although alienation be prohibited, yet. by the consent of all in whose favor it is prohibited, it may take place; for it is in the power of any man to renounce a law made in his own favor. Co. Litt. 98.","related":["ALIENATIO REI PRASFERTUR JURI ACCRES- CENDI","OMNIUM","CUILIBET LICET JURI PRO SE INTRODUCTO\nRCNUNCIARE","DE NULLO TENEMENTO, QUOD TENETUR AD TERMINUM, FIT BOMAGII, FIT TAMEN INDO FIDELITATIS SACRAMENTUM","TAMEN","CUI LICET QUOD MAJUS, NON, DEBET QUOD MINUS EST NON LICERC","LICET","DECET TAMEN PRINCIPEM SERVARE LEGES QUIBUS IPSE SERVATUS EST","DUCES TECUM LICET LANGUIDUS","AFFECTUS PUNITUR LICET NOIL SEQUATUR EFFECTUS"]}
{"title":"ALITER","definition":"Lat Otherwise. A term often used in the reports. Aliud est celare, aliud tacere. To conceal Is one thing; to be silent is another thing. Lord Mansfield, 3 Burr. 1910.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Contracts I","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ALLEGATION","definition":"The assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, setting out what he expects to prove. A material allegation in a pleading is one essential to the claim or defense, and which could not be stricken from the pleading without leaving it insufficient. Code Civil Proc. Cal.","related":["DISJUNCTIVE ALLEGATION","DEFENSIVE ALLEGATION","ALLEGATION OF FACT","ALLEGATION OF FACULTIES","MATERIAL ALLEGATION","ANSWER","DENIAL","DECLARATION","TRAVERSE","AFFIDAVIT"]}
{"title":"ALLOCUTUS","definition":"In criminal procedure, when a prisoner is convicted on a trial for treason or felony, the court is bound to demand of him what he has to say as to why the court should not proceed to judgment against him; this demand is called the “allocutus,” or “allocution,” and is entered on the record. Archb. Crim. Pi. 173; State Y. Ball, 27 Mo. 324.","related":["0 WRIT OF ERROR","RECORD, n","SCOTCH PEERS","RETRAXIT","RECOGNIZANCE","REMITTITUR OF RECORD","CONSOLIDATION OF ACTIONS","SIGNING JUDGMENT","FINALIS CONCORDIA","DEFAULT"]}
{"title":"ALLOYNOUR","definition":"L. Fr. One who conceals, steals, or carries off a thing privately. Britt. c. 17.","related":["CONTEK L FR","CLOSED CORPORATION","PILFERER","RUSTLER","PICKPOCKET","CUTPURSE","ROBBER","WACEEOUR","DESRENABLE","LEAUTE L"]}
{"title":"ALTER","definition":"To make a change in; to modify; to vary in some degree; to change some of the elements or ingredients or details without substituting an entirely new tiling or destroying the identity of the thing affected. Hannibal v. Winchell. 54 Mo. 177: Haynes v. State, 15 Ohio St. 455; Davis v. Campbell, 93 Iowa, 524, 61 N. W. 1053; Sessions v. State, 115 Ga. 18, 41 S. E. 259. See ALTERATION. Synonyms. This terra is to be distinguished from its synonyms “change” and “amend.” To change may import the substitution of an entirely different tiling, while to alter is to operate upon a subject-matter which continues objectively the same while modified in some particular. If a check is raised, in respect to its amount, it is altered; if a new check is put in its place, it is changed. To “amend” implies that the modification made in the subject improves it, which is not necessarily the case with an alteration. An amendment always involves an alteration, but an alteration does not always amend.","related":["ALTER EGO","ALTERATION","ALTER EGO DOCTRINE","CHANGE","COMMUTATION","POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","ENGINEERING CHANGE","QUALITY","MARKET ACCESS","RESOLUTION"]}
{"title":"AMALGAMATION","definition":"A term applied In England to the merger or consolidation of two incorporated companies or societies. In the case of the Empire Assurance Corporation, (1807,) L. R. 4 Eij. 347, the vicechancellor said: “It is difficult to say what the word ‘amalgamate’ means, i confess at this moment I have not the least conception of what the full legal effect of the word is. We do not find it in any law dictionary, or expounded by any competent authority. But I am quite sure of this: that the word ‘amalgamate’ cannot mean that the execution of a deed shall make a man a partner in a firm in which he was not a partner before, under conditions of which he is in no way cognizant, and which are not the same as those contained in the former deed.” But in Adams v. Yazoo \u0026 M. V. R. Co., 77 Miss. 194, 24 South. 200, 211, 00 L. R. A. 33, it is said that the term “amalgamation” of corporations is used in the English cases in the sense of what is usually known in the United States as “merger.” meaning the absorption of one corporation by another, so that it is the absorbing corporation which continues in existence; and it differs from “consolidation,” the meaning of which is limited to such a union of two or more corporations as necessarily results in the creation of a third new corporation.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Professional Responsibility","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUUM PLACITUM INTERPRETARL DEBET CONTRA PROFERENTEM","definition":"An ambiguous plea ought to be interpreted against the parly pleading it Co. Litt. 3036.","related":["AMBIGUUM PACTUM CONTRA VENDITOREM INTCRPRETANDUM EST","AMBIGUA RESPONSIO CONTRA PROFERENTEM EST ACCIPIENDA","CONTRA PROFERENTEM","PLACITUM","RESPOKDERE NON DEBET","COMMUNE PLACITUM","CAREER AD HOMINES CUSTODIENDOS, NON AD PUNIENDOS, DARI DEBET","PLACITUM NOMINATUM","PLACITUM FEACTUM","SPATO PLACITUM"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN CLAUSE","definition":"In marine insurance. A proviso in a policy to the effect that, in case of any subsequent insurance, the Insurer shall nevertheless be answerable for the full extent of the sum subscribed by him, without right to claim contribution from subsequent underwriters. American Ins. Co. v. Griswold, 14 Wend. (N. Y.) 399.","related":["UNCONTESTABLE CLAUSE","CANCELLATION PROVISION CLAUSE","SEVERABILITY CLAUSE","MORTGAGE CLAUSE","NONFORFEITURE CLAUSE","APPRAISAL CLAUSE","FACILITY OF PAYMENT CLAUSE","AUTOMATIC REINSTATEMENT CLAUSE","APPORTIONMENT CLAUSE","CHANGE OF CONDITION CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"AMOTION","definition":"A putting or turning out; dispossession of lands. Ouster is an amotion of possession. 3 Bl. Comm. 399, 208. A moving or carrying away; the wrongful taking of personal chattels. Archb. Civil PI. Introd. c. 2,","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ACTIO","definition":"Lat. in the civil law. An action or suit; a right or cause of action. It should be noted that this term means both the proceeding to enforce a right in a court and the right itself which is sought to be enforced.","related":["ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO PERSONALIS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","TRANS ACTIO","ACTIO EX\nSTIPULATU","ACTIO\nREALIS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO IN REM","COMMODATI ACTIO","ACTIO EMPTI"]}
{"title":"ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA","definition":"An action which the depositary has against the depositor, to compel him to fulfil his engagement towards him. Poth. Du Depot, n. 69.","related":["ACTIO COMMODATI CONTRARIA","ACTIO DEPOSITI DIRECTA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ALLEGANS CONTRARIA NON EST ANDIENDUS","ACTIO PRO SOCIO","TUTELiE ACTIO","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","ACTIO\nCOMMODATI DIRECTA","ACTIO VENDITI","ACTIO EMPTI"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NEGATORIA","definition":"An action, brought to repel a claim of the defendant to a servitude in the plaintiff’s land. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["ACTIO CONFESSORIA","CONFESSORIA ACTIO LAT","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO RESCISSORIA","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO NON ACCREVIT INFRA SEX ANNOS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO ARBITRARIA","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO STRICTI JURIS","definition":"An action of strict right. The class of civil law personal actions, which were adjudged only by the strict law, and in which the judge was limited to the precise language of the formula, and had no discretionary power to regard the bona fides of the transaction. See Inst. 4, 0. 28; Gains, iii. 137; Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["STRICTI JURIS","CUJUS JURIS (T E, JURISDICTIONIS) EST PRINCIPALE, EJUSDEM JURIS ERIT ACCESSO- RIUM","ACTIO PERSONALIS","EXERCITORIA ACTIO","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO","ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","SUI JURIS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO CIVILIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO PERSONALIS","definition":"In the civil and common law. A personal action. The ordinary term for this kind of action in the civil law is actio in personam, (q. v.,) the word personalis being of only occasional occurrence. Inst. 4, 6, 8, in tit.; Id. 4, 11, pr. 1. Bracton, however, uses It freely, and hence the personal action of the common law. Bract, fols. 102o, 1596. See PERSONAL ACTION.","related":["PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO PERSONALIS MORITUR CUM PERSONA","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO CIVILIS","ACTIO FAMILIES ERCISCUNDCE","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","ACTIO IN FACTUM"]}
{"title":"ACTIONARE","definition":"L. Lat. (From actio, an action.) In old records. To bring an action ; to prosecute, or sue. Thorn’s Chron.; Whis- haw.","related":["COMPOUNDING A FELONY","PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","ACTIO PERSONALIS","CAUSE OF ACTION","PLEGII DE PROSEQUENDO","ACTIO PRA;TORIA","PREFER"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL","definition":"Real; substantial; existing presently in act having a valid objective existence as opposed to that which is merely theoretical or possible. Something real, in opposition to constructive or speculative; something existing in act Astor v. Merritt, 111 U. S. 202, 4 Sup. Ct. 413, 28 L. Ed. 401; Kelly v. Ben. Ass’n, 40 App. Div. 70, 61 N. Y. Supp. 394; State r. Wells, 31 Conn. 213. As to actual “Bias,” “Damages,” “Delivery,” “Eviction,” “Fraud,” “Malice,” “Notice,” “Occupation,” “Ouster,” “Possession,” “Residence,” “Seisin,” “Total Loss,” see those titles.","related":["ACTUAL DAMAGES","ACTUAL VIOLENCE","ACTUAL LOSS","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","DAMAGES ACTUAL","ACTUAL TOTAL LOSS (ATL)","ACTUAL COST","ACTUAL POSSESSION","ACTUAL COST OF WORK PERFORMED (ACWP)","ACTUAL VALUE"]}
{"title":"ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","definition":"The act of the law does injury to no one. 5 Coke, 110.","related":["ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","DEFENDIT VIM ET INJURIAM","IN GREMIO LEGIS","ACTUS","INJURIA NON EXCUSAT INJURIAM","ACTIO NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA"]}
{"title":"AD COLLIGENDUM BONA DEFUNCTI","definition":"For collecting the goods of the deceased. See ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES.","related":["AMBULATORIA EST VOLUNTAS DEFUNCTI USQUE AD VITSE SUPREMUNI EXIT-AM","BONA PERITURA","BONA FUGITIVO- RUM","BONA FELONUM","VACANTIA BONA","BONA\nUTLAGATORUM","BONA\nWAVIATA","BONA LAT N","BONA\nFOR- ISFACTA","BONA CONFISCATA"]}
{"title":"AD FACTUM PRIESTANDUM","definition":"In Scotch law. A name descriptive of a class of obligations marked by unusual severity. A debtor who is under an obligation of this kind cannot claim the benefit of the act of grace, the privilege of sanctuary, or the ces- sio bonorum. Ersk. Inst. lib. 3, tit. 3,","related":["Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Torts (Selmi)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AD INSTANTIAM","definition":"At the instance. 2 Mod. 44. Ad instantiam partis, at the instance of a party. Hale, Com. Law, 28.","related":["PARTICULAR LIEN","MIXTUM IMPERIUM","PLUG IN","QUAMDIU SE BENE GESSERIT","EX PARTE","PHYSICAL HAZARD","IN JURE ALTERIUS","INSTANCE","PRO CORPORE REGNI","ALIUD EXAMEN"]}
{"title":"AD OSTENDENDUM","definition":"To show. Form-","related":["BOARDING PASS","MEMO BILL OF LADING (B/L)","SHOW","OPERATING PROFIT TO SALES","BREAKING A CASE","RISK MATRIX","POINT AND FIGURE CHART","COMMERCIAL CRIME COVERAGE FORM","ET CETERA","CODING"]}
{"title":"AD SECTAM","definition":"At the suit of. Commonly abbreviated to ads. Used in entering and indexing the names of cases, where it is desired that the name of the defendant should come first. Thus, “B. ads. A.” indicates that B. is defendant in an action brought by A., and the title so written would be an inversion of the more usual form “A. v. B.”","related":["ET INDE PRODUCIT SECTAM","CROSS-ACTION","EX DEMISSIONS","EJECTMENT","OLD NATURA BREVIUM","CASE TO MOVE FOR NEW TRIAL","PONIT SE SUPER PATRIAM","PRO DEFENDENTE","ANONYMOUS","CAPIAS AD RESPONDENDUM"]}
{"title":"ADCORDABILIS DENARII","definition":"Money paid by a vassal to his lord upon the selling or exchanging of a feud. Enc. Lond.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Trust and Will"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE CAUSE","definition":"In criminal law. Adequate cause for the passion which reduces a homicide committed under its influence from the grade of murder to manslaughter, means such cause as would commonly produce a degree of anger, rage, resentment, or terror, in a person of ordinary temper, sufficient to render the mind incapable of cool reflection. Insulting words or gestures, or an assault and battery so slight as to show no intention to inflict pain or injury, or an injury to property unaccompanied by violence are not adequate causes. Gardner v. State, 40 Tex. Cr. R. 19, 48 S. W. 170; Williams v. State. 7 Tex. App. 396; Boyett v. State, 2 Tex. App. 100.","related":["ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE SAMPLE","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE NOTICE","ADEQUATE EVIDENCE","ADEQUATE REMEDY","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE CARE","ADEQUATE PREPARATION"]}
{"title":"ADJECTIVE LAW","definition":"The aggregate of rules of procedure or practice. As opposed to that body of law which the courts are established to administer, (called “substantive law,”) it means the rules according to which the substantive law is administered. That part of the law which provides a method for enforcing or maintaining rights, or obtaining redress for their invasion.","related":["SUBSTANTIVE LAW","PRACTICE","ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDY","UNWRITTEN LAW","PROCEDURE","ECCLESIASTICAL LAW","LAW","COMMON LAW","BENCH","CORPOREAL"]}
{"title":"ADJUDICATIO","definition":"In the civil law. An adjudication. The judgment of the court that the subject-matter is the property of one of the litigants; confirmation of title by judgment. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["JUDGMENT IN REM","AFFIRMANCE","DETINUIT","HOMOLOGATION","RESOLUTION","BONITARIAN OWNERSHIP","SECTATORES","TITLE","WARRANT, v","DECRETUM"]}
{"title":"ADMEASUREMENT, WRIT OF","definition":"It lay against persons who usurped more than their share, in the two following cases: Admeasurement of dower, and admeasurement of pasture. Tennes de la Ley.","related":["ADMEASUREMENT OF DOWER","ADMEASUREMENT OF\nPASTURE","WRIT OF DOWER","ADMEASUREMENT","WRIT OF ASSOCIATION","WRIT OF CONSPIRACY","DE ADMENSURATIONE","WRIT OF DETINUE","OPORTET QUOD CERTA 856 \nOPTIONAL WRIT","DOTIS ADMINISTRATE"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRAVIT","definition":"Lat He has administered. Used in the phrase plcne admin- istravit, which is the name of a plea by an executor or administrator to the effect that he has “fully administered” (lawfully disposed of) all the assets of the estate that have come to his hands.","related":["FULLY ADMINISTERED","QUANDO ACCIDERINT","LEGAL ASSETS","DEVASTAVIT","DE BONIS PROPRIIS","DATIVE","EXECUTOR","DE BONIS NON ADMINISTRATIS","COLLECTOR OF DECEDENT ESTATE","LETTERS TESTAMENTARY"]}
{"title":"ADNEPOS","definition":"The son of a great-great- grandson. Calvin.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Property Law","CONSANGUINITY","TRINEPOS","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","DIRECT LINE","DESCENT","Torts (Selmi)","PRONURUS"]}
{"title":"ASSISE RENTS","definition":"The certain established rents of the freeholders and ancient copyholders of a manor; so called because they are assised, or made precise and certain.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","CHIEF\nRENTS","WHITE RENTS","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ASSUME","definition":"To undertake; engage; promise. 1 Ld. Raym. 122; 4 Coke, 92. To take upon one’s self. Springer v. De Wolf, 194 111. 218, 62 N. E. 542, 56 L. R. A. 465, 88 Am. St. Rep. 155,","related":["TO ASSUME AND PAY AND SAVE HARMLESS","IN GREMIO LEGIS","INTER CANEM ET LUPUM","CAPUT LUPINUM","UNDERTAKE","UTLA6ATUS","ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE (EAI)","WARRANT, v","BREACH OF PROMISE","LUPINUM CAPUT GERERE"]}
{"title":"ASTRUM","definition":"A house, or place of habitation. Bract fol. 267\u0026; Cowell.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitution of The United States of America","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Family Law","DOMICILE","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ATPATRUUS","definition":"The brother of a greatgrandfather’s grandfather.","related":["DESCENT","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","ATAVUS","CONSANGUINITY","AVUNCULUS","BROTHER","FRERE","TRITAVUS","TRESAYLE"]}
{"title":"ATTENDANT","definition":"One who owes a duty or service to another, or in some sort depends upon him. Termes de la Ley. One who follows and waits upon another.","related":["Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ATTORNE","definition":"L. Fr. In old English law. An attorney. Britt c. 126.","related":["Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Professional Responsibility","Criminal Procedure","Property Law","California Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"AUCTION ARIUS","definition":"One wtio bought and sold again at an increased price; an auctioneer. Spelman.","related":["ENGLISH AUCTION","FOREST ARIUS","FORWARD AUCTION","DUTCH AUCTION","AUCTION RING","VICKREY AUCTION","ABSOLUTE AUCTION","AUCTION EXCHANGE","REVERSE AUCTION","PUBLIC AUCTION"]}
{"title":"AUGUSTA LEGIBUS SOLUTA NON EST","definition":"The empress or queen is not privileged or exempted from subjection to the laws. 1 Bl. Comm. 219; Dig. 1, 3, 31.","related":["LEGIBUS SOLUTUS","EX LEGIBUS","CURIA PARLIAMENT! SUIS PROPRIIS LEGIBUS SUBSISTIT","PROSTITUTION","SAVOY","CZARINA","AURUM REGIN","EUNDO, MORANDO, ET REDEUNDO","CUSTOS MORUM","WHALE"]}
{"title":"AUTER DROIT","definition":"In right of another, e. g., a trustee holds trust property in right of his cestui que trust. A prochein amy sues in right of an infant. 2 Bl. Comm. 176.","related":["Trust and Will","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Procedure","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"AUTRE ACTION PENDANT","definition":"Another action pending.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Secured Transactions","AUTER ACTION PENDANT","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Civil Procedure","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"AVAL","definition":"In French law. The guaranty of a bill of exchange; so called because usually placed at the foot or bottom (aval) of the bill. Story, Bills,","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AVERIIG CAPTIS IN WITHERNAM","definition":"A writ granted to one whose cattle were unlawfully distrained by another and driven out of the county in which they were taken, so that they could not be replevied by the sheriff. Reg. Orig. 82.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","DE AVERIIS CAPTIS IN WITHER NAMIUM","CAPIAS IN\nWITHERNAM","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","HOMINE CAPTO IN WITHERNAM- IUM","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"AVOW","definition":"In pleading. To acknowledge and justify an act done. To make an avowry. For example, when replevin Is brought for a thing distrained, and the party taking claims that he had a right to make the distress, he is said to avow. Newell Mill Co. v. Muxlow, 115 N. Y. 170, 21 N. E 1048.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AYLE","definition":"See AIEL.","related":[]}
{"title":"ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","definition":"An action by which the plaintiff recovers the amount of a sum of money or other thing he paid by mistake. Poth. Promutuum, n. 140; Merl. Repert.","related":["CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","CONDICTIO EX LEGE","ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","CONDICTIO REI FURTIVSE","CONDICTIO CERTI","CONDICTIO","CONDICTIO SINE CANSA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO DE PECUNIA CONSTI- TUTA","ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA"]}
{"title":"ACTIO HONORARIA","definition":"An honorary, or pnetorian action. Dig. 44, 7, 25, 35.","related":["ACTIO PRA;TORIA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO IN REM","COMMODATI ACTIO","ACTIO PERSONALIS","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","ACTIO PROEJUDICIALIS","ACTIO","PERSONALIS ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO QUOD\nINETUS CAUSA","definition":"An action granted to one who had been compelled by unlawful force, or fear (metus causa) that was not groundless, (met us proba- bitis or jiistus.) to deliver, sell, or promise a thing to another. Bract, fol. 1036; Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["ACTIO\nQUOD JUSSU","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","CUI LICET QUOD MAJUS, NON, DEBET QUOD MINUS EST NON LICERC","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","JUSTA CAUSA","CAUSA REI","OPORTET QUOD CERTA 856 \nOPTIONAL WRIT","QUOD NON FUIT NEGATUM","CONFESSORIA ACTIO LAT"]}
{"title":"ACTIO IN REM","definition":"In the civil and common law. An action for a thing; an action for the recovery of a thing possessed by another. Inst. 4, 6, 1. An action for the enforcement of a right (or for redress for its invasion) which was originally available against all the world, and not in any special sense against the individual sued, until he violated it. See IN REM.","related":["ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO PERSONALIS","COMMODATI ACTIO","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","EX STIPULATU ACTIO","ACTIO\nREALIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE","definition":"That for which an action will lie; furnishing legal ground for an action.","related":["ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE WORDS","ACTIONABLE SUBSIDY","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","CAUSE OF ACTION","LIE","GIST"]}
{"title":"ACTOR SEQUITUR FORUM REI","definition":"According as rci is intended as the genitive of res, a tiling, or reus, a defendant, this phrase means: The plaintiff follows the forum of the property in suit, or the forum of the defendant’s residence. Branch, Max. 4.","related":["ACTOR","ACTOR QUI CONTRA REGULAM QUID ADDUXIT, NON EST AUDIENDUS","INCONVENIENT FORUM","FORUM NON CONVENIENS","NON SEQUITUR","CAVEAT ACTOR","DIGITAL ACTOR","JEQUITAS SEQUITUR LEGEM","FORUM","COMMUNE FORUM"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATI FISCI","definition":"In the civil law. Advocates of the fiscs or revenue; fiscal advocates, (qui causam fisct egisscnt.) Cod. 2, 9, 1; Id. 2. 7, 13. Answering, in some measure, to the king’s counsel in English law. 3 Bl. Comm. 27.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","QUI NON PROHIBET","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Professional Responsibility","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"AFFECT","definition":"To act upon ; influence; change ; enlarge or abridge. This word is often used in the sense of acting injuriously upon persons and things. Ryan v. Carter, 93 U. S. 84, 23 L. Ed. S07; Tyler v. Wells, 2 Mo. App. 538; Holland v. Dickerson, 41 Iowa, 373; United States v. Ortega, 11 Wheat. 467, 6 L. Ed. 521.","related":["INHUMAN TREATMENT","NECESSITAS EST LEX","MUNITIONS OF WAR","DISTRICT COURTS","REVOLT","ALIEN INSURER","STATE, n","INDETERMINATE","ADJACENT","BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"AFFIDAVIT OF DEFENSE","definition":"An affidavit stating that the defendant has a good defense to the plaintiff’s action on the merits of the case.","related":["CONFESSION OF DEFENSE","AFFIDAVIT OF MERITS","ISSUABLE DEFENSE","AFFIDAVIT TO HOLD TO BAIL","DEFENSE","EQUITABLE DEFENSE","PEREMPTORY DEFENSE","MERITORIOUS DEFENSE","MERITS","AFFIDAVIT OF GOOD FAITH"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMANT","definition":"A person who testifies on affirmation, or who affirms instead of taking an oath. See AFFIRMATION. Used in affidavits and depositions which are affirmed, instead of sworn to in place of the word “deponent.”","related":["AFFIRMANT!, NON NEGANTL INCUMBIT PROBAT\nIO","DEPONENT","DEPOSE","FORSWEAR","MANUS","VIVA VOCE","ASSEVERATION","WITNESS, n","DULY SWORN","OATH PROMISSORY"]}
{"title":"AFFOUAGE","definition":"In French law. The right of the inhabitants of a commune or section of a commune to take from the forest the fire-wood which is necessary for their use. Duverger.","related":["CONJURATIO","COMMOTION","BOSCAGE","REPOSITION OF THE FOREST","STABLE-STAND","VERT","PURGE DES HYPOTHEQUES","AVOUE","RANGER","COOPERTURA"]}
{"title":"AFTERNOON","definition":"This word has two senses. It may mean the whole time from noon to midnight; or it may mean the earlier part of that time, as distinguished from the evening. When used in a statute its meaning must be determined by the context and the circumstances of the subject- matter. Reg. v. Knapp, 2 EL. \u0026 Bl. 451.","related":["AFTERNOON DRIVE","HALLUCINATION","ALONG","SOLAR DAY","MEDIA NOX","NATURAL DAY","FRAME OF REFERENCE","POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","CONTEXT","COMMON CAUSES OR SUITS"]}
{"title":"AGENTES ET CONSENTIENTES PARI POENA PLECTENTUR","definition":"Acting and consenting parties are liable to the same punishment 5 Coke, 80.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts","Payment Systems","Contracts I","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Family Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AGISTERS, OR GIST TAKERS","definition":"Officers appointed to look after cattle, etc. See Williams, Common, 232.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"AGR","definition":"In French law. A solicitor practising solely in the tribunals of commerce.","related":["CONSEILS DE PRUDHOMMES","LAWYER","SOLICITOR","GREFFIERS","DOMESTIC COMMERCE","COMMERCE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS","ATTORNEY AT LAW","CLERKSHIP","CROWN SOLICITOR","SELL THROUGH"]}
{"title":"AID AND COMFORT","definition":"Help; support; assistance; counsel; encouragement. As an element in the crime of treason, the giving of “aid and comfort” to the enemy may consist in a mere attempt. It is not essential to constitute the giving of aid and comfort that the enterprise commenced should be successful and actually render assistance. Young v. United States, 97 U. S. 62, 24 L. Ed. 992; U. S. v. Greathouse, 4 Sawy. 472, Fed. Cas. No. 15,254.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Constitution of The United States of America","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"AJUTAGE","definition":"A tube, conical in form, intended to be applied to an aperture through which water passes, whereby the How of the water is greatly increased. See Schuylkill Nav. Co. v. Moore, 2 Wharf. (Pa.) 477.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Property Law","Secured Transactions","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"ALDERMAN","definition":"A judicial or administrative magistrate. Originally the word was synonymous with “elder,” but was also used to designate an earl, and even a king. In English law. An associate to the chief civil magistrate of a corporate town or city. In American citics. The aldermen are generally a legislative body, having limited judicial powers as a body, as in matters of internal police regulation, laying out and repairing streets, constructing sewers, and the like; though in many cities tliey hold separate courts, and have magisterial powers to a considerable extent Bouvier.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Investigations)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ALFET","definition":"A cauldron into which boiling water was poured, in which a criminal plunged his arm up to the elbow, and there held it for some time, as an ordeal. Du Cange.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ALIENAGE","definition":"The condition or state of an alien.","related":["Evidence 2","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Property Law – 2","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Procedure","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)"]}
{"title":"ALIQUID POSSESSIONS ET NIHIL JURIS","definition":"Somewhat of possession, and nothing of right, (but no right.) A phrase used by Braeton to describe that kind of possession which a person might have of a thing as a guardian, creditor, or the like; and also that kind of possession which was granted for a term of years, where nothing could be demanded but the usufruct. Bract fols. 39a, 160a.","related":["CURRIT TEMPUS CONTRA DESIDES ET SUI JURIS CONTEMPTORES","CUJUS JURIS (T E, JURISDICTIONIS) EST PRINCIPALE, EJUSDEM JURIS ERIT ACCESSO- RIUM","ALIENI JURIS","NIHIL EST","NIHIL","RECTO DE DOTE UNDE NIHIL HABET","DANS ET RETINENS, NIHIL DAT","SI ALIQUID SAPIT","QUANDO ALIQUID PROHIBETUR","ALIQUID CONCEDITUR NE INJURIA REMA- NEAT IMPNNITA, QUOD ALIAS NON CONCE- DERETNR"]}
{"title":"ALLEGATA ET PROBATA","definition":"Lat Things alleged and proved. The allegations made by a party to a suit and the proof adduced in their support","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Family Law","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATUR EXIGENT","definition":"A species of writ anciently issued in outlawry proceedings, on the return of the original writ of exigent 1 Tidd, Pr. 128.","related":["EXIGENT, or EXIGI FACIAS","SPECIAL ALLOCATUR","ALLOCATUR","EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES","SED NON ALLOCATUR","ET ALLOCATUR","ALLOCATO COMITATU","SUPERSEDE","DE RETORNO HABENDO","SUPERSEDEAS"]}
{"title":"ALLOWANCE PENDENTE LITE","definition":"In the English chancery division, where property which forms the subject of proceedings is more than suffi cient to answer all claims in the proceedings, the court may allow to the parties interested the whole or part of the income, or (in the case of personaltv) part of the property itself. St. 15 \u0026 16 Vict. c. S6.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Family Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"ALTA VIA","definition":"L. Lat. In old English law. A highway; the highway. 1 Sail;. 222. Alta via rctjia; the king’s highway; “the king’s high street.” Finch, Law, b. 2, c. 9.","related":["ALTA PRODITIO","ALTA","HAUT ESTRET","REGIA VIA","CHIMIN","THOROUGHFARE","LAWFUL","FRONTAGEFRONTAGER","II WAYWARDENS","ENCROACHMENT"]}
{"title":"ALUMNUS","definition":"A child which one has nursed ; a foster-child. Dig. 40, 2, 14. One educated at a college or seminary is called an “alumnus” thereof.","related":["QUALIFYING CHILD","FOSTERLEAN","COLLEGE","FOUNDATION","NATURAL CHILD","ALUMNI","BILL PENAL","SENATORS OF THE COLLEGE OF JUSTICE","GIFTED","PERTAIN"]}
{"title":"ALNAGEK, OR ULNAGER","definition":"A sworn officer of the king whose duty it was to look to the assise of woolen cloth made throughout the land, and to the putting on the seals for that purpose ordained, for which lie collected a duty called “aluage.” Cowell; Termes de la Ley.","related":["SEALING","CLERK OF THE\nSIGNET","AFPOSER","ASSAYER OF THE KING","SECONDARY,","ALE-CONNER","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","REDUBBERS","GREEN CLOTH","KING’S CORONER AND ATTORNEY"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE WRIT","definition":"A writ commanding the person against whom it is issued to do a specified thing, or show cause to the court why he should not be compelled to do it. Allee v. McCoy, 2 Marv. (Del.) 405, 30 Atl. 350.","related":["ALTERNATIVE WRIT OF MANDAMUS","ALIAS WRIT","TESTE OF A WRIT","0 WRIT OF ERROR","WRIT OF RIGHT","WRIT OF DOWER","WRIT OF WASTE","TWELVE-DAY WRIT","WRIT PRO RETORNO HABENDO","COUNTERPART WRIT"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUIS CASIBUS SEMPER PRSESUMITUR PRO REGE","definition":"In doubtful cases, the presumption always is in behalf of the crown. Lofft, Append. 248.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","SEMPER PARATUS","Torts (Selmi)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AMENDE HONORABLE","definition":"In old English law. A penalty imposed upon a person by way of disgrace or infamy, as a punishment for any offense, or for the purpose of making reparation for any injury done to another, as the walking into church in a white sheet, with a rope about the neck and a torch in the hand, and begging the pardon of God, or the king, or any private individual, for some delinquency. Bouvier. In French law. A species of punishment to which offenders against public decency or morality were anciently condemned.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"AMITTERE","definition":"Lat. In the civil and old English law. To lose. Hence the old Scotch “amitt.”","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence","Law School Outlines","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AMY","definition":"See AMI ; PROCIIEIN AMY.","related":[]}
{"title":"ANCHOR","definition":"A measure containing ten gallons.","related":["ANCHOR TENANT","ANCHOR WATCH","BUTT","ANKER","KILDERKIN","KUKDIET, or RUNLET","TIERCE","FIRLOT","AWM","PECK"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY\nATTACHMENT","definition":"One sued out in aid of an action already brought, its only office being to hold the property attached under it for the satisfaction of (lie plaintiff’s demand. Templeton v. Mason, 107 Tern. 025. 05 S. W. 25: Southern California Fruit Exeh. v. Stamm, 9 N. M. 301. 54 Pac. 345.","related":["ANCILLARY BILL OR SUIT","ATTACHMENT","DEMAND IN ATTACHMENT","ATTACHMENT POINT","ATTACHMENT OF RISK","WRIT OF ATTACHMENT","ATTACHMENT\nOF THE FOREST","ATTACHMENT OF PRIVILEGE","ATTACHMENT EXECUTION","ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY"]}
{"title":"ANIENS, OR ANIENT","definition":"Null, void, of no force or effect. Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 214.","related":["NULL","DE VI LAICA AMOVENDA","VITIATE","VOID","DE PARTITIONE FACIENDA","SPOLIATION","RESCOUS","DE SCUTAGIO HABENDO","ASSISE\nOF FRESH FORCE","VOIDED CHECK"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS FURANDI","definition":"The intention to steal. Gardner v. State, 55 N. J. Law, 17, 20 Atl. 30; State v. Slingerland. 19 New 135. 7 Pac. 280.","related":["FURANDI ANIMUS","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI"]}
{"title":"ANN","definition":"In Scotch law. Half a year’s stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister’s relict, or child, or next of kin, after his decease.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Family Law","Criminal Procedure","Trust and Will","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law – 2","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ANNOTATION","definition":"A remark, note, or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to illustrate its meaning. Webster. In the civil law. An imperial rescript signed by the emperor. The answers of the prince to questions put to him by private persons respecting some doubtful point of law. Summoning an absentee. Dig. 1, 5. The designation of a place of deportation. Dig. 32, 1, 3. Annua nec debitum judex non separat ipsnm. A judge (or court) does not divide annuities nor debt. 8 Coke, 52; 1 Salk. 36, 65. Debt and annuity cannot be divided or apportioned by a court","related":["BUSINESS MATTER ANNOTATION","MONEY PURCHASE PLAN","REFUND ANNUITY","IN JUDICIO","DEPOSIT ADMINISTRATION","STANDARD ANNUITY TABLE","EXTORT","JUDICIUM","IN PBOMPTU","DIVESTITIVE FACT"]}
{"title":"ANNUS DELIBERANDI","definition":"In Scotch law. A year of deliberating; a year to deliberate. The year allowed by law to the heir to deliberate whether he will enter and represent his ancestor. It commences on the death of the ancestor, unless in the case of a posthumous heir, when the year runs from his birth. Bell.","related":["JUS DELIBERANDI","MAJOR ANNUS","ANNUS LUCTUS","ANNUS, DIES, ET VASTUM","ANNUS ET DIES","ANNUS","ANNUS UTILIS","ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","MORT D’ANCESTOR","INTRUDER"]}
{"title":"ANTAPOCHA","definition":"In the Roman law. A transcript or counterpart of the instrument called “apoclia.” signed by the debtor and delivered to the creditor. Calvin.","related":["OBLIGATIO","VOCATIO IN JUS","ADDICTIO","REAL RELEASE","DEED","DECREE OF FORTHCOMING","OBiERATUS","ANTICHRESIS","DUPLICATE","NEXI"]}
{"title":"ANTINOMIA","definition":"In Roman law. A real or apparent contradiction or inconsistency in the laws. Merl. Repert. Conflicting laws or provisions of law; inconsistent or conflicting decisions or cases.","related":["ANTINOMY","PREFECT","APPOSTILLE, OR APOSTILLE","COLLOCATION","REPERTORY","AMEUBLISSEMENT","CONTREFACON","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","MALVERSATION","TWELVE TABLES"]}
{"title":"APEX RULE","definition":"In mining law. The mineral laws of the United States give to the locator of a mining claim on the public domain the whole of every vein the apex of which lies within his surface exterior boundaries, or within perpendicular planes drawn downward indefinitely on the planes of those boundaries; and he may follow a vein which thus apexes within his boundaries, on its dip, although it may so far depart from the perpendicular in its course downward as to extend outside the vertical side-lines of his location; but he may not go beyond his end-lines or vertical planes drawn downward therefrom. This is called the apex rule. Rev. St. U. S.","related":["EXTRALATERAL RIGHT","APEX","SIDE EINES","END LINES","DIP","APEX FARE","APEX JURIS","INTRAEIMINAE","DRIFT","STRIKE"]}
{"title":"APOSTOLI","definition":"In the civil law. Certificates of the inferior judge from whom a cause is removed, directed to the superior. Dig. 49, 6. See APOSTLES.","related":["PREVENTION","INHIBITION","PROCEDENDO","EXECUTIONE JUDICII","ATTENTAT","PROHIBITION","RESOLUCION","DIMISSORLX LITTER","CERTIORARI","SUPERIOR"]}
{"title":"APPEAL BOND","definition":"The bond given on taking an appeal, by which the appellant binds himself to pay damages and costs if he fails to prosecute the appeal with effect. Omaha Hotel Co. v. Kountze, 107 U. S. 378, 2 Sup. Ct. 911, 27 L. Ed. 009.","related":["CASE ON APPEAL","CROSS-APPEAL","CROSS APPEAL","APPEAL","WAIVER OF RIGHT TO APPEAL","PERFECTION OF APPEAL","RIGHT OF APPEAL","LIMITED APPEAL","CERTIFICATION OF RECORD ON APPEAL","COURT OF APPEAL, HIS MAJESTY’S"]}
{"title":"APPELLOR","definition":"In old English law. A criminal who accuses his accomplices, or who challenges a jury.","related":["QUESTION","AQILE IMMITTEND","APPROVEMENT","JURATA","PROVER","DE MEDIETATE LINGUiE","IN CAPITA","INTAKERS","NOT GUILTY","JURY"]}
{"title":"APPORTIONMENT","definition":"The division, partition, or distribution of a subject-matter in proportionate parts. Co. Litt. 147; 1 Swanst 37, n.; 1 Story, Eq. Jur. 475a. Of contracts. The allowance, in case of a severable contract, partially performed, of a part of the entire consideration proportioned to the degree in which the contract was carried out. Of rent. The allotment of their shares in a rent to each of several parties owning it. The determination of the amount of rent to be paid when the tenancy is terminated at some period other than one of the regular intervals for the payment of rent. Swint v. McCalmont Oil Co., 184 Pa. 202, 38 Atl. 1021, 63 Am. St. Rep. 791; Gluck v. Baltimore, 81 Md. 315, 32 Atl. 515, 48 Am. St. Rep. 515. Of incumbrances. Where several persons are interested in an estate, apportionment, as between them, is the determination of the respective amounts which they shall contribute towards the removal of the incumbrance. Of corporate shares. The pro tanto division among the subscribers of the shares allowed to be issued by the charter, where more than the limited number have been subscribed for. Clarke v. Brooklyn Bank, 1 Edw. Ch. (N. Y.) 368; Haight v. Day, 1 Johns. Ch. (N. Y.) 18. Of common. A division of the right of common between several persons, among whom the land to which, as an entirety, it first belonged has been divided. Of representatives. The determination upon each decennial census of the number of representatives in congress which each state shall elect, the calculation being based upon the population. See Const U. S. art 1, 5 2. Of taxes. The apportionment of a tax consists in a selection of the subjects to be taxed, and in laying down the rule by which to measure the contribution which each of these subjects shall make to the tax. Bar- field v. Gleason, 111 Ky. 491, 63 S. W. 904.","related":["Constitution of The United States of America","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Bill Of Rights","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","Professional Responsibility","Property Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ARBOR DUM CRESCIT, LIGNUM CUM CRES- CERE NESCIT","definition":"[That which is] a tree while it grows, [is] wood when it ceases to grow. Cro. Jac. 100; Hob. 77\u0026, in marg.","related":["Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","First Amendment","ARBOR FINALIS","Secured Transactions","CUSTOS STATUM HAEREDIS IN* CUSTODIA EXISTENT IS MELIOREM, NON DETERIOREM, FA- CERE POTEST","ARBOR CONSANGUINITATIS","ARBOR","Criminal Procedure","AESTIMATIO PRAETERITI DELICTI EX POST- REMO FACTO NUNQUAM CRESCIT","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ARDENT SPIRITS","definition":"Spirituous or distilled liquors. Sarlls v. U. S","related":["DISTILLED LIQUOR OR DISTILLED SPIRITS","KALALCONNA","LIQUOR","FERMENTED LIQUORS","VINOUS LIQUORS","DISTILLERY","BEER","BEVERAGE","INEBRIATE","HEAVY OIL"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE CLAIM","definition":"A claim set up by a stranger to goods upon which the sheriff has levied an execution ex attachment","related":["NON-CLAIM","ADVERSE","ADVERSE ENJOYMENT","JUNIOR CLAIM","COUNTER-CLAIM","CLAIM OF OWNERSHIP","CLAIM EXPENSE","EXTERNAL CLAIM","CLAIM JUMPING","ADVERSE USE"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","definition":"An argument drawn from what Is inconvenient is good in law, because the law will not permit any inconvenience. Co. Litt. 66a, 258.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A COMMUNITER ACCIDEN- TIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST","INCONVENIENT FORUM","QUIA DATUM","ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","PERMIT BOND","BUILDING PERMIT"]}
{"title":"ARMIGER","definition":"An armor-bearer; an esquire. A title of dignity belonging to gentlemen authorized to bear arms. Cowell. In its earlier meaning, a servant who carried the arms of a knight. Spelman. A tenant by scutage,; a servant or valet;.applied, also, to the higher servants in convents. Spelman.","related":["DE SCUTAGIO HABENDO","SCUTAGE","VALET","ESQUIRE","BARONET","SCUTIFER","BACHELOR","LADY","ADELING, OR ATHELING","BANERET, OR BANNERET"]}
{"title":"ARREARS, OR ARREARAGES","definition":"Money unpaid at the due time, as rent behind; the remainder due after payment of a part of an account; money in the hands of an accounting party. Cowell; Ilollingsworth v. Willis, 04 Miss. 152, S South. 170; Wiggin v. Knights of Pythias (C. C.) 31 Fed. 122; Condit v. Neighbor, 13 N. J. Law, 02.","related":["ARREARS SWAP","ARREARS","DIVIDEND IN ARREARS","CALLS IN ARREARS","ANNUITY IN ARREARS","KNIGHT","LEARNED","BAS CHEVALIERS","BURLAW COURTS","DE EXPENSIS MILITUM LEVANDIS"]}
{"title":"ARRHABO","definition":"In the civil law. Earnest; money given to bind a bargain. Calvin.","related":["ARRA","HAND MONEY","ARGENTUM DEI","DENIER A DIEU","GOD’S PENNY","DENARIUS DEI","JNSCRIBERE","ARRHX","HANDSALE","SPONSIO"]}
{"title":"ART AND PART","definition":"In Scotch law. The offense committed by one who aids and assists the commission of a crime, but who is not the principal or chief actor in its actual commission. An accessary. A principal in the second degree. Paters. Comp.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF RONP","definition":"In Scotch law. The terms and conditions under which property is sold at auction.","related":["ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES APPROBATORY","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT","ARTICLES OF THE\nPEACE","ARTICLES OF THE PEACE"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL","definition":"Created by art, or by fav; existing only by force of or in contemplation of law.","related":["ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ARTIFICIAL PRESUMPTIONS","ARTIFICIAL PERSON","ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","ARTIFICIAL DAY","ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET (ANN)","ARTIFICIAL LIFE","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","ARTIFICIAL COLLECTION","ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION"]}
{"title":"ASCERTAIN","definition":"To fix ; to render certain or definite; to estimate and determine; to clear of doubt or obscurity. Brown v. Lyd- dy, 11 Hun, 456; Bunting v. Speek, 41 Kan. 424, 21 Pac. 2SS, 3 L. It. A. 690; Pughe v. Coleman (Tex. Civ. App.) 44 S. W. 578.","related":["TRUST DIRECT","PRELIMINARY OFFICIAL STATEMENT (POS)","BOND AND MORTGAGE","LIQUIDATE","PRICE BREAKDOWN","DECREE OF INSOLVENCY","APPRAISAL REPORT","BUDGET ESTIMATE","ENGINEERING COST ESTIMATE","CAPITALIZATION OF EARNINGS"]}
{"title":"ASSECURATION","definition":"In European law. Assurance; insurance of a vessel, freight, or cargo. Ferriere.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","ARRIVAL","Patent Law","CARGO","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Evidence 2","Protecting Your Financial Future: The Complete Guide to Insurance"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT WORK","definition":"Under the mining laws of the United States, the holder of an unpatented mining claim on the public domain is required, in order to hold his claim, to do labor or make improvements upon it to the extent of at least one hundred dollars in each vear. Rev. St. U. S.","related":["DAMAGE ASSESSMENT","SELF-ASSESSMENT","SPECIAL ASSESSMENT BOND","WORK-BEAST, or WORK-HORSE","RIGHT-TO-WORK LAW","WORK-HOUSE","ASSESSMENT OF TAX","WORK AND LABOR","ASSESSMENT","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNOR","definition":"One who makes an assignment of any kind; one who assigns or transfers property.","related":["ASSIGNMENT","CESSION","ASSIGNMENT FOR BENEFIT OF CREDITORS","BILL OF\nSALE","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","CESSIO BONORUM","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNS","SURRENDER OF A PREFERENCE"]}
{"title":"ASSISA VENA- LINM","definition":"The assise of salable commodities, or of things exposed for sale.","related":["DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA","ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE","ASSISA CADERE","ASSISA FRISCSE FORTIAE","ASSISA ULTIMSE PRSESENTATIONIS","ASSISA MORTIS D’ANCESTORIS","ASSISA DE FORESTA","ASSISA NOVAE DISSEY- SINSE","DE MAGNA ASSISA ELIGENDA"]}
{"title":"ASSISUS","definition":"Rented or farmed out for a specified assise; that is, a payment of a certain assessed rent in money or provisions.","related":["ALBA FIRM A","FIRMA","COTARIUS","DE REDISSEISINA","ARREARS, OR ARREARAGES","GALE","LIEN WAIVER","BILLBOARD","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSESSED"]}
{"title":"ASSURED","definition":"A person who has been Insured by some insurance company, or underwriter, against losses or perils mentioned in the policy of insurance. Brockway v. Insurance Co. (C. C.) 29 Fed. 760; Sanford v. Insurance Co., 12 Cush. (Mass.) 548. The person for whose benefit the policy is issued and to whom the loss is payable, not necessarily the person on whose life or property the policy is written. Thus where a wife insures her husband’s life for her own benefit and he has no interest in the policy, she is the “assured” and he the “insured.” llogle v. Insurance Co., 6 Rob. (N. Y.) 570; Ferdon v. Canfield, 104 N. Y. 143, 10 N. E. 146; Insurance Co. v. Luchs, 108 U. S. 498, 2 Sup. Ct. 949, 27 L. Ed. 800.","related":["ASSURED TENANCY","INSURABLE INTEREST","UNDERWRITER","AMOUNT OF LOSS","CASH VALUE LIFE INSURANCE POLICY","ENDOWMENT INSURANCE","LIVING NEED BENEFITS","SUING AND LABORING CLAUSE","POLITICAL","WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AT LAW","definition":"According to law; by, for, or in law; particularly in distinction from that which is done in or according to equity; or in titles such as sergeant at law, barrister at law, attorney or counsellor at law. See Hooker v. Nichols, 116 N. C. 157, 21 S. E. 208.","related":["BARRISTER","APPRENTICIUS AD LEGEM","DISBAR","RETAIN","COUNSEL","CONVEYANCER","COMMON WEAL","AVOUE","CLIENT","ATTORNEYATLAW"]}
{"title":"ATTACHIAMENTA BONOROM","definition":"A distress formerly taken upon goods and chattels, by the legal attachiators or bailiffs, as security to answer an action for personal estate or debt.","related":["ATTACHIAMENTA","ATTACHIAMENTA DE GPINIS ET BOSCIS","ATTACHIAMENTA DE PLACITUS CORONAE","CHATTEL","REPLEVY","REPLEVIN","GOODS","ACTION FOR POINDING","CHATTELS PERSONAL MOZLEY \u0026 WHITLEY","WRIT OF RECAPTION"]}
{"title":"ATTERMOIEMENT","definition":"In canon law. A making terms; a composition, as with creditors. 7 Low. Can. 272, 306.","related":["COMPOSITION DEED","COMPOSITION","EXTRA VAGANTES","KENILWORTH EDICT","DECRETALS","CORPUS JURIS CANONICI","ABSOLUTE PRIORITY RULE","SOCIAL FABRIC","COMPOSITION IN BANKRUPTCY","BOOK"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY\nOF RECORD","definition":"The one whose name is entered on the record of an action or suit as the attorney of a designated party thereto. De- laney v. Husband, 64 N. J. Law, 275, 45 Atl. 265.","related":["ATTORNEY OF RECORD","RECORD, n","REMITTITUR OF RECORD","PUBLIC ATTORNEY","CONTRACT OF RECORD","PARTY OF RECORD","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY AT LAW","ATTORNEY IN FACT","OFFER FOR THE RECORD"]}
{"title":"AUCUPIA VERHORUM SUNT JNDICE INDIGNA","definition":"Catching at words is unworthy of a judge. Hob. 343.","related":["DA TUA DNM TNA SUNT, POST MORTEM TUNC TUA NON SUNT","CORAM NON JNDICE","SUNT MINORIS CULPE","DE IIS QUI PONENDI SUNT IN AS- 6ISIS","DEBITUM ET CONTRACTUS SUNT NULLIUS LOCI","BENIGNIUS LEGES INTERPRCTANDSE SUNT QUO VOLUNTAS EARUM CONSERVETUR","CUM LEGITIMES NUPTIAE FACTA; SUNT, PA- TREM LIBERI SEQUUNTUR","ANCTORITATES PHILOGOPHORUM, MEDICO- RUM, ET POETARUM, SUNT IN CAUSIS ALLE- GANDSE\nET TENENDAE","DE NOMINE PROPRIO NON EST CURANDUM CUM IN SUBSTANTIA NON ERRCTUR; QUIA NOMINA MUTABILIA SUNT, RES AUTCM IMMOBILE","BENIGNE FACIENDAE SUNT INTERPRETA- TIONES, PROPTER SIMPLICITATEM LAICORUM, UT RES\nMAGIS VALEAT QUAM PEREAT"]}
{"title":"AUMIL","definition":"In Indian law. Agent; officer; native collector of revenue; superintendent of a district or division of a country, either on the part of the government zemindar or renter.","related":["AUMEEN","AVMILOAR","POLLIGAR, POLYGAR","LASCAR","COMMISSIONER","BANYAN","CUTWAL, KATWAL","OVERSEER","EXACTOR","CONSUL GENERAL"]}
{"title":"ANNULUS ET BACULUS","definition":"(Lat. ring and staff.)’ The investiture of a bishop was per annulum et baculum, by the prince’s delivering to the prelate a ring and pastoral staff, or crozier. 1 Bl. Comm. 378; Spelman.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","ANNULUS","Property Law – 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","SIGNATORIUS ANNULUS","BACULUS","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","PER ANNULUM ET BACULUM L"]}
{"title":"ANSEL, ANSUL, OR AUNCEL","definition":"In old English law. An ancient mode of weighing by hanging scales or hooks at either end of a beam or staff, which, being lifted with one’s finger or hand by the middle, showed the equality or difference between the weight at one end and the thing weighed at the other. Termes de la Ley, 60.","related":["Privacy Policy","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ANTIGRAPHTJS","definition":"In Roman law. An officer whose duty It was to take care of tax money. A comptroller.","related":["Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)"]}
{"title":"APEX","definition":"The summit or highest point of anything; the top; e. g., in mining law, “apex of a vein.” See Larkin v. Upton, 144 U. S. 19, 12 Sup. Ct 614, 36 L. Ed. 330; Stevens v. Williams, 23 Fed. Cas. 40; Dug- gan v. Davey, 4 Dak. 110, 26 N. W. 887.","related":["APEX RULE","APEX JURIS","APEX FARE","OUTCROP","IN PLACE","LODE","EXTRALATERAL RIGHT","LEDGE","INTER APICES JURIS","CLAIM JUMPING"]}
{"title":"APOSTILLE, APPOSTILLE","definition":"L Fr. An addition; a marginal note or observation. Kelham.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","APPOSTILLE, OR APOSTILLE","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Labor Law","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"APPARURA","definition":"In old English law the apparura were furniture, implements, tackie, or apparel. Carucarum, apparura, plow- tackle. Cowell.","related":["ESKIPPAMENTUM","HERNESIU M, or HERNASIUM","ATILIUM","FALERSE","AFFRI","ATTILE","HARNESS","PLOW-BOTE","SUMPTUARY LAWS","CARUCAGE"]}
{"title":"APPELLEE","definition":"The party in a cause against whom an appeal is taken; that is, the party who has an interest adverse to setting aside or reversing the judgment. Slayton v. Horsey, 97 Tex. 341, 78 S. W. 919. Sometimes also called the “respondent” In old English law. Where a person charged with treason or felony pleaded guilty and turned approver or “king’s evidence,” and accused another as his accomplice in the same crime, in order to obtain his own pardon, the one so accused was called the “appellee.” 4 Bl. Comm. 330.","related":["APPROVEMENT","PROVER","APPEAL","PSOBATOR,","MUTE","AQILE IMMITTEND","KING’S EVIDENCE","BILL OF ATTAINDER","IMAGINE","PROBABLE CAUSE"]}
{"title":"APPOINTOR","definition":"The person who appoints, or executes a power of appointment; as appointee is the person to whom or in whose favor an appointment is made. 1 Steph. Comm. 506, 507 ; 4 Kent, Comm. 316. One authorized by the donor, under the statute of uses, to execute a power. 2 Bouv. Inst. n. 1923.","related":["ENABLING POWER","APPOINTEE","RUNNING OF THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS","DEPUTY SHERIFF","EXECUTE","SUCCESSIO","APPOINTMENT","XQUITAS AGIT IN PERSONAM","SUPERIOR","POWER GENERAL"]}
{"title":"APPRENTICE EN LA LEY","definition":"An ancient name for students at law, and afterwards applied to counsellors, apprentici ad barrast, from which conies the more modern word “barrister.”","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"APPROVER","definition":"L. Fr. To approve or prove; to vouch. Kelham.","related":["APPROVER, N","VOUCH","ADVOCARE","ADDONE","AFFRANCHIR","EMPARNOURS","DISCONVENABLE","YVERNAIL","MEINOBE AGE","FIANCER"]}
{"title":"AQUA FONTANEA","definition":"Spring water. Fleta, lib. 4, c. 27,","related":["VIVA AQUA","AQUA","AQUA QNOTIDIANA","AQUA CEDIT SOLO","IN AQUA MANU","AQUA SESTIVA","AQUA PROFLUENS","AQUA CURRENS","AQUA SALSA","AQUA DULCIS, OR FRISCA"]}
{"title":"ARATORA TERRA","definition":"The plowing of land by the tenant, or vassal, in the service of his lord. Whishaw.","related":["CAPITALIS TERRA","ARATRUM TERRA","BOVATA TERRA","TERRA","FRUSCA TERRA","HOMAGE","PARAVAIL","FEALTY","MESNE","MANRENT"]}
{"title":"ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM BONI VIRI, SECUNDUM AEQUUM ET BONUM","definition":"An award is the judgment of a good man, according to justice. 3 Bulst. 04.","related":["Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","BONUM NECESSARIUM EXTRA TERMINOS, NECESSITATIS NON EST BONUM","CUM IN TESTAMENTO AMBIGUE ANT ETI- AM PERPERAM SCRIPTUM EST BENIGNE INTERPRETARI ET SECUNDUM ID QUOD CREDI- BILE EST COGITATUM CREDENDUM EST","ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM","BONI JUDICIS EST JUDICIUM SINE DILA- TIONE MANDARE EXECUTION!"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVES","definition":"The Rolls; any place where ancient records, charters, and evidences are kept. In libraries, the private depository. Cowell; Spelman. The derivative meaning of the word (now the more common) denotes the writings them selves thus preserved; thus we say the archives of a college, of a monastery, a public otBce. etc. Texas M. Rv. Co. v. Jarvis, 69 Tex. 537, 7 S. W. 210; Guillbeau v. Mays, 15 Tex. 410.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","First Amendment","Patent Law","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"ARGENTARIUS MILES","definition":"A money IKH’ter in the English exchequer, who carries the money from the lower to the upper exchequer to be examined and tested. Spelman.","related":["ARGENTARIUS","MILES PER HOUR (MPH)","MILES PER GALLON (MPG)","SOWNE","TELLER","PREST","MIDDLE CLASS","AFFIRMANCE DAY GENERAL","LUSHBOROW","TO AFFCCR AN ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","definition":"An argument drawn from inconvenience is of the greatest weight [is forcible] in law. Co. Litt. 66a, 97a, 1526, 25S6; Broom, Max. 184. If there be in any deed or instrument equivocal expressions, and great inconvenience must necessarily follow from one construction, it is strong to show that such construction is not according to the true intention of the grantor; but where there is no equivocal expression in the instrument, and the words used admit only of one meaning, arguments of inconvenience prove only want of foresight in the grantor. 3 Madd. 540; 7 Taunt. 496.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","INCONVENIENT FORUM","VALET","CUM QUOD AGO NON VALET UT AGO, VALEAT QUANTUM VALERE POTEST","EX LEGE","CONDICTIO EX LEGE"]}
{"title":"ARMISCARA","definition":"An ancient mode of punishment, which was to carry a saddle at the back as a token of subjection. Spelman.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Constitutional Law","PROSTITUTION"]}
{"title":"ARRECT","definition":"To accuse or charge with an offense. Arrectati, accused or suspected persons.","related":["DELATE","EMPLEAD","RECRIMINATION","PULSARE","MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCE","OFFICIO, EX, OATH","HALIFAX LAW","LYNCH LAW","ANTITHETARIUS","NO CONTEST"]}
{"title":"ARRHX","definition":"In the civil law. Money or other valuable things given by the buyer to the seller, for the purpose of evidencing the contract; earnest.","related":["LOCKOUT AGREEMENT","ARRA","ZYGOSTATES","DEFERRED PAYMENT AMERICAN OPTION","CALL OPTION","PROXENETA","RESTRAINT OF TRADE","ARRHABO","DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","ADVANCE AGAINST COLLECTION"]}
{"title":"ARTHEL, ARDHEL, OR ARDDELIO","definition":"To avouch; as if a man were taken with stolen goods in his possession he was allowed a lawful arthel, i. e., vouchee, to clear him of the felony; but provision was made against it by 2S Hen. VIII. c. 6. Blount.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ALEA","definition":"Lat. In the civil law. A game of chance or hazard. Dig. 11, 5, 1. See Cod. 3, 43. The chance of gain or loss in a contract","related":["JOCUS PARTITUS","ZERO SUM GAME","PURE RISK","RISK","GAMING","RISK NEUTRALITY","JOCUS","COPARTNERY","NON ZERO SUM GAME","REALIZED PROFIT/LOSS"]}
{"title":"ALIEN AMY","definition":"In international law. Alien friend. An alien who is the subject or citizen of a foreign government at peace with our own.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ALIENISM","definition":"The state, condition, or character of an alien. 2 Kent, Comm. 56, 64, 60.","related":["ALIEN ENEMY","NATURAL ALLEGIANCE","EMBEZZLEMENT","ALIENAGE","HOSTILITY","INNAVIGABILITY","ALBINATUS","ANIMO","JUS POSTLIMINII","HOSTILE"]}
{"title":"ALL FAULTS","definition":"A sale of goods with “all faults” covers, in the absence of fraud on the part of the vendor, all such faults and defects as are not inconsistent with the identity of the goods as the goods described. Whitney v. Boardman. 118 Mass. 242.","related":["DEALERS’ TALK","RESALE","VENDOR","GARANTIE","DRUNKARD","SHOP","HAWKER","STOPPAGE IN TRANSITU","ATHEIST","MINERAL"]}
{"title":"ALLIANCE","definition":"The relation or union between persons or families contracted by intermarriage. In international law. A union or association of two or more states or nations, formed by league or treaty, for the joint prosecution of a war, or for their mutual assistance and protection in repelling hostile attacks. The league or treaty by which the association is formed. The act of confederating, by league or treaty, for the purposes mentioned. If the alliance is formed for the purpose of mutual aid in the prosecution of a war against a common enemy, it is called an “offensive” alliance. If it contemplates only the rendition of aid and protection in resisting the assault of a hostile power, it is called a “defensive” alliance. If it combines both these features, it is denominated an alliance “offensive and defensive.”","related":["LEAGUE","IN INTERNATIONAL LAW","CONSOLIDATED ALLIANCE","BUSINESS ALLIANCE","STRATEGIC ALLIANCE","ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS","DEFENSIVE WAR","OFFENSIVE","MERCOSUR","HYBRID"]}
{"title":"ALLOTMENT NOTE","definition":"In English law. A writing by a seaman, whereby he makes an assignment of part of his wages in favor of his wife, father or mother, grandfather or grandmother, brother or sister. Every allotment note must be in a form sanctioned by the board of trade. The allottee, that is, the person in whose favor it is made, may recover the amount in the county court. Mozley \u0026 Whitley.","related":["OPEN ALLOTMENT","MORTGAGE NOTE","NOTE, n","ALLOTMENT","PRINCIPAL ON A NOTE","ALLOTMENT LETTER","ALLOTMENT WARDEN","ALLOTMENT SYSTEM","PRICKING NOTE","ACCOMMODATION NOTE"]}
{"title":"ALMS","definition":"Charitable donations. Any species of relief bestowed upon the poor. That which is given by public authority for the relief of the poor.","related":["PLOW-ALMS","PUBLIC RELATIONS","NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION (NPO)","DELEGATED POWER","GUARDIANS OF THE POOR","CHARITABLE FOUNDATION","RELIEF","AUTHORITY","GERKE V PURCELL 25 OHIO ST 243","CASUAL PAUPER"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","definition":"Where a new remedy is created in addition to an existing one, they are called “alternative” if only one can be enforced; but if both, “cumulative.”","related":["CUMULATIVE REMEDY","ADEQUATE REMEDY","REMEDY","EXCLUSIVE REMEDY","PREVENTIVE REMEDY","MUTUALITY OF REMEDY","EXTRAORDINARY REMEDY","ADEQUATE REMEDY AT LAW","ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDY","LEGAL REMEDY"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUA RESPONSIO CONTRA PROFERENTEM EST ACCIPIENDA","definition":"An ambiguous answer is to be taken against (is not to be construed in favor of) him who offers it 10 Coke, 59.","related":["AMBIGUUM PLACITUM INTERPRETARL DEBET CONTRA PROFERENTEM","CONTRA PROFERENTEM","AMBIGUUM PACTUM CONTRA VENDITOREM INTCRPRETANDUM EST","CONTRA","E CONTRA","ET ALU i: CONTRA","CONTRA JUS BELLI","CONTRA PACEM","CONTRA TABULCS","CONTRA ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"AMEND","definition":"To improve; to make better by change or modification. See ALTER.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Family Law","Patent Law","Contracts I","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Trust and Will","Comparative Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"AMITINUS","definition":"The child of a brother or sister; a cousin; one who has the same grandfather, but different father and mother. Calvin.","related":["Family Law","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Trust and Will","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","DESCENT","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","BROTHER"]}
{"title":"AMPUTATION OF RIGHT HAND","definition":"An ancient punishment for a blow given in a superior court; or for assaulting a judge sitting in the court","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","California Civil Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ANCESTRAL","definition":"Relating to ancestors, or to what has been done by them; as homage anccstrcl. Derived from ancestors. Ancestral estates are such as are transmitted by descent, and not by purchase. 4 Kent, Comm. 404. Brown v. Whaley, 58 Ohio St 054, 49 N. E. 479, 05 Am. St. Rep. 793.","related":["FEE-FARM","FIDE-COMMISSARY","PATRIMONIAL","PATRIMONY","DE DONIS","PEDIGREE","MIXED BLOOD","INHUMAN TREATMENT","EXTINGUISHMENT","FEALTY"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION","definition":"When a decedent leaves property in a foreign state, (a state other than that of his domicile.) administration may be granted in such foreign state for the purpose of collecting the assets and paying the debts there, and bringing the residue into tiie general administration. This is called “ancillary” (auxiliary, subordinate) administration. Pisano v. Shanlev Co., 00 N. .T. Law. 1. 48 Atl. 01S: In re Gable’s Estate. 79 Iowa. 17R. 44 N. W. 352. 9 L. II. A. 218; Steele v. Insurance Co.. supra.","related":["ANCILLARY","ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES","ADMINISTRATION SUIT","ANCILLARY PROBATE","ADMINISTRATION","MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)","ANCILLARY REVENUE","ANCILLARY GUARANTY","ANCILLARY BENEFIT","ANCILLARY PROCEEDING"]}
{"title":"ANHLOTB","definition":"In old English law. A single tribute or tax, paid according to the custom of the country as scot and lot.","related":["AUXILIUM","GROUNDAGE","HERIOT","GAVEL","COSDUNA","GAFFOLDGILD","COUSTOM","BILL OF SUFFERANCE","TOLL, n","ESCOT"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS ET FACTUS","definition":"Intention and act; will and deed. Used to denote those acts which become effective only when accompanied by a particular intention.","related":["ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANKER","definition":"A measure containing ten gallons.","related":["BUTT","ANCHOR","KILDERKIN","KUKDIET, or RUNLET","TIERCE","FIRLOT","AWM","PECK","HOGSHEAD","BARREL"]}
{"title":"ANNOTATIO","definition":"In the civil law. The sign-manual of the emperor; a rescript of the emperor, signed with his own hand. It is distinguished both from a rescript and pragmatic sanction, in Cod. 4, 59, 1.","related":["ADNOTATIO","PRAGMATIC SANCTION","ANNOTATION","SIGN-MANUAL","SIGNET","EDICTUM","MANUAL","TENERE","NAPOLEONIC LAW","CONSTITUTIO"]}
{"title":"ANNUS","definition":"Lat. In civil and old English law. A year; the period of three hundred and sixty-live days. Dig. 40, 7, 4, 5; Calvin.; Bract, fol. 3596.","related":["ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","MAJOR ANNUS","ANNUS UTILIS","ANNUS, DIES, ET VASTUM","ANNUS DELIBERANDI","ANNUS LUCTUS","ANNUS ET DIES","CENTENA","HUNDREDORS","TRIVERBIAL DAYS"]}
{"title":"ANSWER","definition":"In pleading. Any pleading setting up matters of fact by way of defense. In chancery pleading, the term denotes a defense in writing, made by a defendant to the allegations contained in a bill or information filed by the plaintiff against him. In pleading, under the Codes of Civil Procedure, the answer is the formal written statement made by a defendant setting forth the grounds of his defense; corresponding to what, in actions under the common-law practice, is called the “plea.” In Massachusetts, the term denotes the statement of the matter intended to be relied upon by the defendant in avoidance of the plaintiff’s action, taking the place of special pleas in bar, and the general issue, except in real and mixed actions. Pub. St. Mass. 1882, p. 12S7. In matrimonial suits in the (English) probate, divorce, and admiralty division, an answer is the pleading by which the respondent puts forward his defense to the petition. Browne, Div. 223. Under the old admiralty practice in England. the defendant’s first pleading was called his “answer.” Williams \u0026 B. Adm. Jtir. 246. In practice. A reply to interrogatories; an affidavit in answer to interrogatories. The declaration of a fact by a witness after a question has been put, asking for it. As a verb, the word denotes an assumption of liability, as to “answer” for the debt or default of another.","related":["VOLUNTARY ANSWER","PLEA","COMMISSION TO TAKE ANSWER IN CHAN- T EERY","EVASIVE ANSWER","UNRESPONSIVE ANSWER","ANSWER OVER","NO CASE TO ANSWER","SUPPLEMENTAL ANSWER","NONRESPONSIVE ANSWER","PARTIES"]}
{"title":"ADJOURN","definition":"To put off; defer ; postpone. To postpone action of a convened court or body until another time specified, or indefinitely, the latter being usually called to adjourn sine die. Bispham v. Tucker, 2 N. J. Law, 253. The primary signification of the term “adjourn” is to put off or defer to another day specified. But it has acquired also the meaning of suspending business for a time,","related":["MOTION TO ADJOURN","POSTPONE","MAGISTRACY","JUS","NEAR","SESSION","MANUFACTURE","SECONDARY MEANING","IMPERTINENT","RULES"]}
{"title":"ADJUDICATION CONTRA HASREDITATEM JACCNTEJU","definition":"When a debtor’s heir apparent renounces the succession, any creditor may obtain a decree cwjuitiunis causa, the purpose of which is that the amount o","related":["ADJUDICATION","ARTICULATE ADJUDICATION","ADJUDICATION OF BANKRUPTCY","FORMER ADJUDICATION, or FORMER RECOVERY","ADJUDICATION IN IMPLEMENT","ADJUDICATION IN\nBANKRUJITCY","CONTRA","E CONTRA","ET ALU i: CONTRA","BENIGNE FACIENDSE SUNT INTERPRETA- TIONES CHARTARUM, UT RES MAGIS VALEAT QUAM\nPEREAT; ET QUAE LIBET CONCESSIO FORTISSIMO CONTRA DONATOREM INTERPRETANDA EST"]}
{"title":"ADMEZATORES","definition":"In old Italian law. Persons chosen by the consent of contending parties, to decide questions between them. Literally, mediators. Spelman.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Family Law","Contracts I","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Professional Responsibility"]}
{"title":"ADMIRALITAS","definition":"L. Lat Admiralty; the admiralty, or court of admiralty. In European law. An association of private armed vessels for mutual protection and defense against pirates and enemies.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"ADNICHILED","definition":"Annulled, cancelled, made void. 28 Hen. VIII.","related":["DEFEASIBLE TITLE","VOIDABLE","STREAMING FOR TIN","NULL","COURT OF WARDS AND LIVERIES","RAIN INSURANCE","LIMIT ORDER INFORMATION SYSTEM","LEONINA SOCIETAS","VOID","VOIDABLE CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ADSCENDENTES","definition":"Lat In the civil law. Ascendants. Dig. 23, 2, 68; Cod. 5, 6, 6.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Law School Outlines","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Criminal Procedure","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ADVANCES","definition":"Moneys paid before or in advance of the proper time of payment; money or commodities furnished on credit; a loan or gift, or money advanced to be repaid conditionally. Vail v. Vail, 10 Barb. (N. Y.) 69. This word, when taken in its strict legal sense, does not mean gifts, (advancements,) and does mean a sort of loan; and, when taken in its ordinary and usual sense, it includes both loans and gifts,","related":["FUTURE ADVANCES CLAUSE","CHARITY","BENEVOLENT","STREAM","DENARII","BORROW","DISCOUNT","SHORE","DEBT","KILKETH"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISEMENTS OF QTJEEN ELIZABETH","definition":"Certain articles or ordinances drawn up by Archbishop Parker and some of the bishops in 1504, at the request of Queen Elizabeth, the object of which was to enforce decency and uniformity in the ritual of the church. The queen subsequently refused to give her official sanction to these advertisements, and left them to be enforced by the bishops under their general powers. Phillim. Ecc. Law, 910; 2 Prob. Div. 270; Id. 354.","related":["SUFFRAGAN","ORDINATION","CONVENTION","SINGLE COLUMN CENTIMETER (SCC)","PRIORI PETENTI","SANCTION","TAX CODE","INSINUACION","MEDIATE POWERS","DIVERSION"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATIONE DECIMARUM","definition":"A writ which lay for tithes, demanding the fourth part or upwards, that belonged to any church.","related":["RECTO DE ADVOCATIONE EC- CLESI^E","INDICAVIT","IMPROPRIATE RECTOR","ECCLESIA","PARSONAGE","SUBTRACTION","ALIAS WRIT","CHOUT","DE VI LAICA AMOVENDA","VJLLANIS REGIS SUBTRACTIS REDUCENDIS"]}
{"title":"AISTIMATIO CAPITIS","definition":"In Saxon law. The estimation or valuation of the head; the price or value of a man. By the laws of Athelstan, the life of every man not excepting tlrat of the king himself, was estimated at a certain price, which was called the were, or wstimatio capitis. Crabb, Eng. Law, c. 4.","related":["CAPITIS SESTIMATIO","CAPITIS DIMINUTIO","WERA, or WERE","RETAIL INVENTORY METHOD","CAPUT","PAX REGIS","COURT OF WARDS AND LIVERIES","AD FIRMAM","COURT OF THE STEWARD AND\nMARSHAL","MANWORTH"]}
{"title":"AFFIDATIO","definition":"A swearing of the oath of fidelity or of fealty to one’s lord, under whose protection the quasi-vassal has voluntarily come. Brown.","related":["AFFIDATIO DOMINORUM","FEALTY","FIDEEITAS","SWEAR","FEODAEITY","MANRENT","FIDEM MENTIRI","JURATION","SUPER-JURARE","CONJURATIO"]}
{"title":"AFFINITY","definition":"At common law. Relationship by marriage between the husband and the blood relations of the wife, and be- tween the wife and the blood relations of the D husband. 1 Bl. Comm. 434; Solinger v. Earle, 45 N. Y. Super. Ct. 80; Tegarden v. Phillips (Ind. App.) 39 N. E. 212. Affinity is distinguished into three kinds: (1) Direct, or that subsisting between the husband ^ and his wife’s relations by blood, or between the wife and the husband’s relations by blood; (2) secondary, or that which subsists between the husband and his wife’s relations by marriage; (3) collateral, or that which subsists between the husband and the relations of his wife’s relations. Wharton. JJ In the civil law. The connection which arises by marriage between each person of the married pair and the kindred of the other. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["QUASI AFFINITY","CONNECTIONS","CONSANGUINITY","AFFINITY GROUP","AFFINITY FRAUD","AFFINITY DIAGRAM","AFFINITY CARD","AFFINITY MARKETING","DOS","AFFINITY GROUP FARE"]}
{"title":"AFFORCE","definition":"To add to; to increase; to strengthen; to add force to.","related":["AFFORCE THE ASSISE","RELATIONSHIP BANKING","NEWTON (N)","FORTIA","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ALLUVION","STRONG HAND","CORROBORATE","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","LEAPFROGGING"]}
{"title":"AFTER DATE","definition":"When time is to be computed “after” a certain date, it is meant that sut-h date should be excluded in the computation. Bigelow v. Wilson, 1 Pick. (Mass.) 4S5; Taylor v. Jaeoby. 2 Pa. St. 495; Cromelian v. Brink, 29 Pa. St. 522.","related":["BEARING DATE","EX-DATE","AS OF DATE","BACK DATE","TERMINATION DATE","ACTUAL START DATE","MATURITY DATE","LATEST DATE FOR PRESENTATION","EX-DIVIDEND DATE","DATE CERTAINE"]}
{"title":"AGENCY OF NECESSITY","definition":"A term sometimes applied to the kind of implied agency which enables a wife to procure what is reasonably necessary for her maintenance and support on her husband’s credit and at his expense, when he fails to make proper provision for her necessities. Bostwick v. Brower, 22 Misc. Rep. 709, 49 N. Y. Supp. 1046.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Trust and Will","Family Law"]}
{"title":"AGIO","definition":"In commercial law. A term used to express the difference in point of value between metallic and paper money, or between one sort of metallic money and another. McCul. Diet.","related":["COMMERCIAL PAPER","COINAGE","EURO COMMERCIAL PAPER (ECP)","SWINGLINE","FLES","MONEY MARKET","FINANCIAL PAPER","PRIME PAPER","EXCHANGE","MONEY MARKET FUND (MMF)"]}
{"title":"AGRARIAN LAWS","definition":"In Roman law. Laws for the distribution among the people, by public authority, of the lands constituting the public domain, usually territory conquered from an enemy. In common parlance the term is frequently applied to laws which have for their object the more equal division or distribution of landed property; laws for subdividing large properties and increasing the number of landholders.","related":["AGRARIAN","AGRARIAN LAW","DRACONIAN LAWS","INSPECTION LAWS","INTESTATE LAWS","VINDICATORY PARTS OF LAWS","WISBY, LAWS OF","RKODIAN LAWS","COLONIAL LAWS","LABOR LAWS"]}
{"title":"AGUSADURA","definition":"In ancient customs, a fee, due from the vassals to their lord for sharpening their plowing tackle.","related":["ARIERBAN, OR ARRIERE-BAN","PARES","LANCETI","PEERS","ARRIER BAN","ARATORA TERRA","PEERS OF FEES","THRENGES","AKABANT","POSTERIORITY"]}
{"title":"AISIAMENTUM","definition":"In old English law. An easement. Spelman.","related":["Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","EASEMENT","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Property Law – 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)"]}
{"title":"ALBUS LIBER","definition":"The white book; an ancient book containing a compilation of the law and customs of the city of Loudon. It has lately been reprinted by order of the master of the rolls.","related":["Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Labor Law","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUITY UPON TLIE FACTUM","definition":"An ambiguity in relation to the very foundation of the instrument itself, as distinguished from an ambiguity in regard to the construction of its terms. The term is applied, for instance, to a doubt as to whether a testator meant a particular clause to be a part of the will, or whether it was introduced with his knowledge, or whether a codicil was meant to republish a former will, or whether the residuary clause was accidentally omitted. Fatherly v. Fatherly, I Cold. (Tenn.) 461, 465, 78 Am. Dec. 499.","related":["AMBIGUITY","CONSCIENCE OF TLIE\nCOURT","EXTRINSIC AMBIGUITY","LATENT AMBIGUITY","ROLE AMBIGUITY","AMBIGUITY PRINCIPLE","FACTUM","NON EST FACTUM","AD FACTUM PRIESTANDUM","ACTIO IN FACTUM"]}
{"title":"AMERCE","definition":"To impose an amercement or fine; to punish by a fine or penalty.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","PENALTY","AMERCEMENT","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZE","definition":"To alien lands in mortmain.","related":["Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","AMORTIZATION","MORTMAIN","DEVISE","EXTERUS","ADMORTIZATION","MORTIFICATION","LEASE","FEE-FARM","Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"ANAESTHESIA","definition":"In medical Jurisprudence. (1) Loss of sensation, or insensibility to pain, general or local, induced by the administration or application of certain drugs such as ether, nitrous oxide gas, or cocaine. (2) Defect of sensation, or more or less complete insensibility to pain, existing in various parts of the body as a result of certair diseases of the nervous system.","related":["MERCURY","HYSTERIA","PSYCHOTHERAPY","MUMMIFICATION","LIMB","OSTEOPATHY","EXACERBATE","SEPARABLE CONTROVERSY","SURGEON","CONTRAST ERROR"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT DEMESNE","definition":"Manors which in the time of William the Conqueror were in the hands of the crown, and are so recorded in the Domesday Book. Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 14. 50: Baker v. Wich. 1 Salk. 50. Tenure in ancient demesne may be pleaded in abatement to an action of ejectment. Rust v. Roe. 2 Burr. 1040. Also a species of copyhold, which differs, however, from common copyholds in certain privileges, but yet must be conveyed by surrender, according to the custom of the manor. There are three sorts: (1) Where the lands are held freely bv the king’s grant; (2) customary freeholds, which are held of a manor in ancient demesne, but not at the lord’s will, although they are conveyed by surrender. or deed and admittance: (3) lands held by copy of court-roll at the lord’s will, denominated copyholds of base tenure.","related":["COURT OF ANCIENT DEMESNE","DEMESNE LANDS","LAY TENURES","DEMESNE AS OF FEE","DEMESNE","SEISED IN DEMESNE AS OF FEE","DEMESNE LANDS OF THE CROWN","ANCIENT","ANCIENT READIUP-S","ANCIENT WATER-COURSE"]}
{"title":"ANECIUS","definition":"L. Lat. Spelled also wsnccius, enitius, wncus, cncyus. The eldest-born ; the first-born: senior, as contrasted with the puis-ne, (younger.) Spelman.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law – 2","Trademark Law","Property Law","TREASON","ENITIA PAHS","ANTE NATUS","Trust and Will","Family Law","ELDEST"]}
{"title":"ANIMO ET CORPORE","definition":"By the mind, and by the body; by the intention and by the physical act. Dig. 50, 17, 153; Id. 41, 2 3, 1; Fleta, lib. 5, c. 5,","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Torts (Selmi)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","definition":"The intention of receiving.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANNEXATION","definition":"The act of attaching, adding, joining, or uniting one thing to another ; generally spoken of the connection of a smaller or subordinate thing with a larger or principal thing. The attaching an illustrative or auxiliary document to a deposition, pleading, deed, etc., is called “annexing” it. So the incorporation of newly-acquired territory into the national domain, as an integral part thereof, is called “annexation,” as in the case of the addition of Texas to the United States. In the law relating to fixtures: Actual annexation includes every movement by which a chattel can be joined or united to the freehold. Constructive annexation is the union of such things as have been holden parcel of the realty, but which are not actually annexed, fixed, or fastened to the freehold. Shep. Touch. 469; Amos \u0026 F. Fixt. 2. In Scotch law. The union of lands to the crown, and declaring them inalienable. Also the appropriation of the church-lands by the crown, and the union of lands lying at a distance from the parish church to which they belong, to the church of another parish to which they are contiguous.","related":["REAL CHATTELS","ANNEX","ADSCRIPTUS","HABERE FACIAS SEISINAM","FREEHOLD","FIXTURE","CROWN SOLICITOR","TERRIER","PRIVATE CHAPEL","GROUP OF EIGHT (G-8)"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL VALUE","definition":"The net yearly income derivable from a given piece of property ; its fair rental value for one year, deducting costs and expenses; the value of its use for a year.","related":["ANNUAL EARNINGS","ANNUAL REPORT","ANNUAL DEPRECIATION","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUAL USAGE VALUE","ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUAL"]}
{"title":"ANNNS INCEPTUS PRO COMPLETO HABETUR","definition":"A year begun is held as completed. Tray. Lat. Max. 45.","related":["ACTUS INCEPTUS, CUJUS PERFECTIO PEN- DET EX VOLUNTATE PARTIUM, REVOCARI POTEST; SI\nAUTEM PENDET EX VOLUNTATE TER- TISE PERSONSE, VEL EX CONTINGENT!, REVOCARI NON POTEST","CANCELLARII ANGLIEE DIGNITAS EST, UT SE- CUNDUS A REGE IN REGNO HABETUR","ACTUS JUDICIARIUS CORAM NON JUDICE IRRITUS HABETUR, DE MINISTERIAL! AUTEM A\nQUOCUNQUE PROVENIT RATUM ESTO","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","INCHOATE","PENDING","DIES UTILES","QUO NIHIL PRUSTRA","CONSUMMATE","SHORT TERM INVESTMENT"]}
{"title":"ANTECESSOR","definition":"An ancestor, (q. v.)","related":["PER STIRPES","ASTITRARIUS HJERES","BRANCH","ANNUS DELIBERANDI","MORT D’ANCESTOR","FREEHOLD","ANCESTOR","COLLATERAL KINSMEN","UNIT AS PERSONARUM","DESCENT CAST"]}
{"title":"ANTITHETARIUS","definition":"In old English law. A man who endeavors to discharge himself of the crime of which he is accused, by retorting the charge on the accuser. He differs from an approver in this: that the latter does not charge the accuser, but others. Jacob.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"APOCIL3E OKERATORM","definition":"In old commercial law. Bills of lading.","related":["DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","NON VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER (NVOCC)","CARGAISON","ENTRY PAPERS","MULTIMODAL BILL OF LADING (B/L)","SHIPPING DOCUMENTS","COMMERCIAL SET","COMMERCIAL PAPER","ON BOARD","FOUL BILL OF LADING (B/L)"]}
{"title":"APPARENT DANGER","definition":"as used with reference to the doctrine of self-defense in homicide, means such overt actual demonstration, by conduct and acts, of a design to take life or do some great personal injury, as would make the killing apparently necessary to selfpreservation. Evans v. State, 44 Miss. 773; Stoneman v. Com.. 25 Grat. (Va.) 890; Leigh v. People, 113 111. 379.","related":["IMMINENT DANGER","DANGER","UNAVOIDABLE DANGER","SITUATION OF DANGER","INTRINSIC DANGER","PATENT DANGER","DANGER ZONE","CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER","APPARENT","APPARENT DEFECTS"]}
{"title":"APPEARANCE DOCKET","definition":"A docket kept by the clerk of the court, in which appearances are entered, containing also a brief abstract of all the proceedings in the cause.","related":["DOCKET","STRIKING A DOCKET","DOCKET FEE","JUDGMENT DOCKET","CALLING THE DOCKET","APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE DAY","VOLUNTARY APPEARANCE","GRATIS APPEARANCE","NON-APPEARANCE"]}
{"title":"APPERTAIN","definition":"To belong to; to have relation to; to be appurtenant to. See APPURTENANT.","related":["APPURTENANCE","COGNATUS","WILLA","COMMON OF\nPASTURE","RELATION","EX RELATIONE","MATRIX ECCLESIA","SECONDARY EASEMENT","FOLD-COURSE","CONFIDENTIAL\nRELATION"]}
{"title":"APPRAISE","definition":"In practice. To fix or set a price or value upon; to fix and state the true value of a thing, and, usually, in writing. Vincent v. German Ins. Co., 120 Iowa, 272, 94 N. W. 458.","related":["OFFER","MANUSCRIPT","PROBABILITY","DEFILE","LAND FLIP","DEPONENT","MAHLBRIEF","NEXT","ZOLL-VEREIN","QUOTATION"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATION OF LAND","definition":"The act of selecting, devoting, or setting apart land for a particular use or purpose, as where land is appropriated for public buildings, military reservations, or other public uses. McSorley. v. Hill. 2 Wash. St. 638. 27 Pac. 552; Murdock v. Memphis. 7 Cold. (Tenn.) 500; Jackson v. Wilcox, 2 111. 300. Sometimes also applied to the taking of private property for public use in the exercise of the power of eminent domain. Railroad Co. v. Foltz (C. C.) 52 Fed. 629; Sweet v. Rechel. 159 U. S. 380. 16 Sup. Ct. 43. 40 L. Ed. 188.","related":["LAND DAMAGES","APPROPRIATION OF WATER","APPROPRIATION","DOMAIN","FOLC-LAND","COURT OF PRIVATE LAND CLAIMS","LAND WARRANT","LAND USE REGULATION","LAND CERTIFICATE","PUBLIC LAND"]}
{"title":"ARCANA IMPERII","definition":"State secrets. 1 Bl. Comm. 337.","related":["Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"AREA","definition":"An inclosed yard or opening in a house: an open place adjoining a house. 1 Chit. Pr. 170. In the civil law. A vacant space in a city; a place not built upon. Dig. 50, 16. 211. The site of a house; a site for building; the space where a house has stood. The ground on which a house is built, and which remains after the house is removed. Brissonius; Calvin.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Terms of Service","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENT","definition":"In rhetoric and logic, an inference drawn from premises, the truth of which is Indisputable, or at least highly probable. The argument of a demurrer, special case, appeal, or other proceeding involving a question of law, consists of the speeches of the opposed counsel; namely, the “opening” of the counsel having the right to begin, (q. v.,) the speech of his opponent, and the “‘reply” of the first counsel. It answers to the trial of a question of fact. Sweet. But the submission of printed briefs may technically constitute an argument. Msilcomh v. Hamill. 65 How. Prac. (X. Y.) 500; State v. California Min. Co., 13 Nev. 209.","related":["CONCLUDING ARGUMENT","ARGUMENT AB INCONVENIENTI","ARGUMENT ON APPEAL","CLOSING ARGUMENT","ORAL ARGUMENT","MOVING FOR AN ARGUMENT","REPLY","RIGHT TO BEGIN","BRIEF","CASE ON APPEAL"]}
{"title":"ARLES","definition":"Earnest. Used in Yorkshire in the phrase “Aries-penny.” Cowell. In Scotland it has the same signification. Bell.","related":["ARGENTUM DEI","MESSUAGE","DENARIUS DEI","BLANCH HOLDING","ARRA","FESTING-PENNY","JUSTICIARY COURT","THRITHING","DENIER A DIEU","SIGNET"]}
{"title":"ARPEN, ARPENT","definition":"A measure of land of uncertain quantity mentioned in Domesday and other old books; by some called an “acre,” by others “half an acre,” and by others a “furlong.” Spelman; Cowell; Blount. A French measure of land, containing one hundred square perches, of eighteen feet each, or about an acre. But the quantity varied in different provinces. Spelman. In Louisiana, the terms “arpent” and “acre” are sometimes used interchangeably; but there is a considerable difference, the arpent being the square of 192 feet and the acre of 209 and a fraction. Randolph v. Sentilles, 110 La. 419, 34 South. 587.","related":["UNCIA AGRI, UNCIA TERR","FATHOM","ROOD OF LAND","FALL OF LAND","ARE","PERCH","NUMMATA TERR","QUADRANTATA TERRiE","AGER","FARDING-DEAL"]}
{"title":"ARRESTANDIS BONIS NE DISSI- PENTTJR","definition":"In old English law. A writ which lay for a person whose cattle or goods were taken by another, who during a contest was likely to make away with them, and who had not the ability to render satisfaction. Reg. Orig. 120.","related":["DE ARRESTANDIS BONIS NE DIS- SIPENTUR","BONIS NON AMOVENDIS","ARRESTO FACTO SUPER BONIS MERCATORUM ALIENIGENORUM","DE BONIS NON AMOVENDIS","TERRIS BONIS ET CATALLIS RE- HABENDIS POST PURGATIONEM","IN BONIS","IN NULLIUS BONIS","DE BONIS NON ADMINISTRATIS","DE BONIS ASPORTATIS","EX BONIS"]}
{"title":"ARROGATION","definition":"In the civil law. The adoption of a person who was of full age or sui juris. 1 Browne, Civil \u0026 Adm. Law, 119; Dig. 1, 7, 5; Inst. 1, 11, 3. Reinders v. Koppelmann, 68 Mo. 497, 30 Am. Rep. S0\u0026","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Labor Law","Family Law"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES, LORDS OF","definition":"A committee of the Scottish parliament, which, in the mode of its election, and by the nature of its powers, was calculated to increase the influence of the crown, and to confer upon it a power equivalent to that of a negative before debate. This system appeared inconsistent with the freedom of parliament, and at the revolution the convention of estates declared it a grievance, and accordingly it was suppressed by Act 1000, c. 3. Wharton.","related":["TEMPORAL LORDS","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT","ARTICLES OF UNION","ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","PROPRIETARY ARTICLES"]}
{"title":"ARTICULATE ADJUDICATION","definition":"In Scotch law. Where the creditor holds several distinct debts, a separate adjudication for each claim is thus called.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law – 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ARTISAN","definition":"One skilled in some kind of mechanical craft or art; a skilled mechanic. O’Clair v. Hale, 25 Misc. Rep. 31, 54 N. Y. Supp. 386; Amazon Irr. Co. v. Briesen, 1 Kan. App. 758, 41 Pac. 1116.","related":["ARTISAN’S LIEN","JURIST","CUILIBET IN ARTE SUA PERITO EST CREDEN- DUIN","REALIZE","VESSEL","AGENCY OF NECESSITY","PRINCIPLE,","POLL-TAX","MANUFACTURING SECTOR","MACHINE"]}
{"title":"ASSART","definition":"In English law. The offense committed in the forest, by pulling up the trees by the roots that are thickets and coverts for deer, and making the ground plain as arable land. It differs from waste, in that waste is the cutting down of coverts which may grow again, whereas assart Is the plucking them up by the roots and utterly destroying them, so that they can never afterward grow. This is not an offense if done with license to convert forest into tillage ground. Consult Manicood’s Forest Laws, pt. I, p. 171. Wharton.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Secured Transactions","Family Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"ASSERTORY COVENANT","definition":"One which affirms that a particular state of facts exists ; an affirming promise under seal.","related":["WRIT OF COVENANT","OATH ASSERTORY","COVENANT","BOND COVENANT","COVENANT NOT TO SUE","COVENANT OF RIGHT TO CONVEY","COVENANT OF NON-CLAIM","COVENANT FOR FURTHERASSURANCE","COVENANT AGAINST INCUMBRANCES","BREACH OF COVENANT"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNABLE","definition":"That may be assigned or transferred; transferable; negotiable, as a bill of exchange. Comb. 170; Story, Bills, $ 17.","related":["ASSIGNABLE LEASE","ASSIGNABLE CONTRACT","I NEGOTIABILITY","ASSIGNABLE ERROR","NOT NEGOTIABLE","INDORSEMENT","AVAL","AU BESOIN","USANCE","BILLET"]}
{"title":"ASSISA DE MEN- SURIS","definition":"Assise of measures. A common rule for weights and measures, established throughout England by Richard I., in the eighth year of hia reign. Hale, Com. Law, c. 7.","related":["ASSISA ARMORUM","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA","ASSISA DE CLARENDON","ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE","ASSISA CADERE","ASSISA MORTIS D’ANCESTORIS","ASSISA ULTIMSE PRSESENTATIONIS","ASSISA FRISCSE FORTIAE","ASSISA DE FORESTA"]}
{"title":"ASSISE OF MORT D’ANCESTOR","definition":"A real action which lay to recover land of which a person had been deprived on the death of his ancestor by the abatement or intrusion of a stranger. 3 Bl. Comm. 185; Co. Liitt. 159a. It was abolished by St. 3 \u0026 4 Wm. IV. c. 27.","related":["MORT D’ANCESTOR","ANCESTOR","ASSISE OF DARREIN PRESENTMENT","ASSISE, OR ASSIZE","ASSISE OF NNISANCE","DE BIENS LE MORT","EN MORT MEYNE","ASSISE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN","AFFORCE THE ASSISE","CLERK OF ASSISE"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION","definition":"See ARTICLES.","related":["ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF UNION","ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","ARTICLES OF WAR"]}
{"title":"ASTRER","definition":"In old English law. A householder, or occupant of a house or hearth.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Constitution of The United States of America","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ATHEIST","definition":"One who does not believe in tbe existence of a God. Gibson v. Insurance Co., 37 N. Y. 584; Thurston v. Whitney, 2 Cush. (Mass.) 110; Com. v. Hills, 10 Cush. (Mass.) 530.","related":["Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Property Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"ATTAINDER","definition":"That extinction of civil rights and capacities which takes place whenever a person who has committed treason or felony receives sentence of death for his crime. 1 Steph. Comm. 408; 1 Bish. Crim. Law,","related":["BILL OF ATTAINDER","DEATH","CRIMEN MAJESTATIS","CONVICTION","IMAGINE","PROVER","TRAITOROUSLY","APPEAL","OPPRESSION","MERGER"]}
{"title":"ATTORN","definition":"In feudal law. To transfer or turn over to another. Where a lord aliened his seigniory, he might with the consent of the tenant, and in some cases without attorn or transfer the homage and service of the latter to the alienee or new lord. Bract, fols. 816, 82. In modern law. To consent to the transfer of a rent or reversion. A tenant is said to attorn when he agrees to become the tenant of the person to whom the reversion has been granted. See ATTORNMENT.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ALMESFEOH","definition":"In Saxon law. Alms-fee; alms-money. Otherwise called “Peterpence.” Cowell.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Property Law","Professional Responsibility","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE","definition":"One or the other of two things; giving an option or choice; allowing a choice between two or more things or acts to be done.","related":["ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","ALTERNATIVE ORDER","ALTERNATIVE CONTRACT","ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION","ALTERNATIVE WRIT","ALTERNATIVE MEDIA","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE ROUTING","ALTERNATIVE STAFFING"]}
{"title":"AMBASSADOR","definition":"In International law. A public oflicer, clothed with high diplomatic powers, commissioned by a sovereign prince or state to transact the international business of his government at the court, of the country to which he is sent. Ambassador Is the commissioner who represents one country in the seat of government of another. He is a public minister, which, usually, a consul is not. Brown. Ambassador is a person sent by one sovereign to another, with authority, by letters of credence, to treat on affairs of state. Jacob.","related":["EMBASSAGE, or EMBASSY","MINISTER","SUITE","ENVOY","AUDIENCE","EDICT","CREDENTIALS","CONSULAR COURTS","PUBLIC DOCUMENT","SOVEREIGNTY"]}
{"title":"AMBUSH","definition":"The noun “ambush” means (1) the act of attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station; (2) a concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack by surprise, an ambuscade; (3) troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by surprise. The verb “ambush” means to lie’ in wait, to surprise, to place in ambush. Dale County v. Gunter, 46 Ala. 142.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"AMICABLE SUIT","definition":"The words “arbitration” and “amicable lawsuit,” used in, an obligation or agreement between parties, are not convertible terms. The former carries with it the idea of settlement by disinterested third parties, and the latter by a friendly submission of the points in dispute to a judicial tribunal to be determined in accordance with the forms of law. Thompson v. Moulton, 20 La. Ann. 535.","related":["AMICABLE ACTION (SUIT)","AMICABLE","AMICABLE ACTION","FRIENDLY SUIT","AMICABLE COMPOUNDERS","BOUNDARY SUIT","EQUITY DELIGHTS IN AMICABLE ADJUSTMENTS","SUIT IN EQUITY","SUIT","PUTTING IN SUIT,"]}
{"title":"AMPARO","definition":"In Spanish-American law. A document issued to a claimant of land as a protection to him, until a survey can be ordered, and the title of possession issued by an authorized commissioner. Trimble Y. Smither’s Adin’r, 1 Tex. 790.","related":["OCCUPANCY","CONTENTIOUS POSSESSION","LAND CERTIFICATE","COLOR OF TITLE","QUIET, v","PASSPORT","SEISIN","DE EJECTIONE FIRM2E","POSSESSION IS NINE-TENTHS OF THE LAW","SURVEY"]}
{"title":"ANATHEMATIZE","definition":"To pronounce anathema upon; to pronounce accursed by ecclesiastical authority; to excommunicate.","related":["SIMONY","RURAL DEANS","JURISDICTION","DECRETO","APOCRISARIUS","COURT OF CONVOCATION","MORTUARY","ARCHDEACON’S COURT","NUNCUPARE","SYNCOPARE"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT WRITINGS","definition":"Wills, deeds, or other documents upwards of thirty years old. These are presumed to be genuine without express proof, when coming from the proper custody.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Trust and Will","Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"ANGLO-INDIAN","definition":"An Englishman domiciled in the Indian territory of the British crown.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","INDIAN RESERVATION","COMMERCE WITH\nINDIAN TRIBES","Civil Procedure","Family Law","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","CROWN SOLICITOR","Property Law (Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander, Schill, 7th ed.)","Declaration of Independence","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS\nDERELINQUENDI","definition":"The intention of abandoning. 4 C. Rob. Adm. 210. Rhodes v. Whitehead, 27 Tex. 304, 84 Am. Dec. 031.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS TESTANDI","definition":"An intention to make a testament or will. Farr v. Thompson, 1 Speers (S. C.) 105.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANNO DOMINI","definition":"In the year of the Lord. Commonly abbreviated A. D. The computation of time, according to the Christian era, dates from the birth of Christ. This phrase has become Anglicized by adoption, so that an indictment or declaration containing the words “Anno Domini” is not demurrable as not being in the English language. State v. Gilbert, 13 Vt. 047; Hale v. Vesper, Smith (N. H.) 283.","related":["ANNO DOMINI (AD)","CURIA DOMINI","SERVIENS DOMINI REGIS","DE ANNO BISSEXTTLI","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","CHRISTIAN","INNUENDO","MIXTUM IMPERIUM","DEMURRABLE","NAME"]}
{"title":"ANNUL","definition":"To cancel; make void ; destroy. To annul a judgment or judicial proceeding is to deprive it of all force and operation, either a6 initio or prospectively as to future transactions. Wait v. Wait, 4 Barb. (N. Y.) 205; Woodson v. Skinner, 22 Mo. 24; In re Morrow’s Estate, 204 Pa. 484, 54 Atl. 342.","related":["Property Law – 2","Payment Systems","Property Law","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Family Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Property Law (Estates and Future Interests, Edwards, 3rd Edition)","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"ANONYMOUS","definition":"Nameless; wanting a name or names. A publication, withholding the name of the author, is said to be anonymous. Cases are sometimes reported anonymously, t. e., without giving the names of the parties. Abbreviated to “Anon.”","related":["ANONYMOUS FTP","AD SECTAM","MOODY’S BOND SURVEY","FIRST PUBLICATION","AUTHENTICS","COPYRIGHT","NEITHER PARTY","PLEADINGS","PUFFER","ET CETERA"]}
{"title":"ANTICHRESIS","definition":"In the civil law. A species of mortgage, or pledge of immovables. An agreement by which the debtor gives to the creditor the income from the property which he has pledged, in lieu of the interest on his debt. Guyot, Repert.; Marquise De Portes v. Hurlbut, 44 N. J. Eq. 517. 14 Atl. S91. A debtor may give as security for his debt any immovable which belongs to hitn, the creditor having the right to enjoy the use of It on account of the interest due, or of the capital if there is no interest due; this is called “antichresis.” Civ. Code Mex. art. 1927. By the law of Louisiana, there are two kinds of pledges,","related":["PASSIVE DEBT","SECURE","PLEDGE","REAL RELEASE","CREDITOR","OBLIGATIO","ARRESTMENT","APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS","PIGNTJS","CONFUSION OF DEBTS"]}
{"title":"APERTUM FACTUM","definition":"An overt act.","related":["NON EST FACTUM","FACTUM","ANTE-FACTUM","ACTIO IN FACTUM","AD FACTUM PRIESTANDUM","AMBIGUITY UPON TLIE FACTUM","ALLEGATIO CONTRA FACTUM NON EST AD- MITTENDA","NON DEBET ACTORI LICERE 824 NON EST FACTUM","BIS IDEM EXIGI BONA FIDES NON PATITURI ET IN SATISFACTIONIBUS NON PERMITTITNR AMPLINS\nFIERI QUAM SEMEL FACTUM EST","CIVIL AND CRIMINAL"]}
{"title":"APOSTATA","definition":"In civil and old English law. An apostate; a deserter from the faith; one who has renounced the Christian faith. Cod. 1, 7; Reg. Orig. 716.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Contracts I","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"APPARITOR","definition":"An officer or messenger employed to serve the process of the spiritual courts in England and summon offenders. Cowell. In the civil law. An officer who waited upon a magistrate or superior officer, and executed his commands. Calvin; Cod. 12, 53-57.","related":["ATTORNEY AT LAW","SAIO","IDIOCHIRA","FILACER","COMMISSARY","MESSENGER","OFFICIAL","MAGISTRATUS","AUTHENTIC ACT","LZESIONE FIDEL, SUITS PRO"]}
{"title":"APPELLATIO","definition":"Lat. An appeal.","related":["CROSS-APPEAL","REMITTITUR OF RECORD","CROSS APPEAL","BAIL IN ERROR","APPELLO","APPEAL BOND","PEREMPT","DELEGATES","INCAPACITY","APPELLATE COURT"]}
{"title":"APPOINTEE","definition":"A person who is appointed or selected for a particular purpose; as the appointee under a power is the person who is to receive the benefit of the power.","related":["APPOINTOR","TRUSTEE","AUDITOR 1","BENEFICIAL POWER","EMBLEMATA TRIBONIANI","JURY","SHOP STEWARD","APPOINTMENT","COLLECTOR","GUARDIAN"]}
{"title":"AGENCY, DEED OF","definition":"A revocable and voluntary trust for payment of debts. Wharton.","related":["DEED OF RELEASE","RELEASE DEED OF","TRUST DEED","DEED OF TRUST","DEED OF COVENANT","AGENCY","MUTUAL AGENCY","AGENCY SECURITY","AGENCY BY RATIFICATION","INTERVENING AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AGILER","definition":"In Saxon law. An observer or Informer.","related":["MELDFEOH","DELATOR","DELATURA","ARCHAIONOMIA","TRANSPARENT","HEISENBERG EFFECT","OBSERVER INSEPARABILITY","BRETTWALDA","SCYREGEMOTE","STARBOARD"]}
{"title":"AGNATI","definition":"In Roman law. The term included “all the cognates who trace their connection exclusively through males. A table of cognates is formed by taking each lineal ancestor in turn and including all his descendants of both sexes in the tabular view. If, then, in tracing the various branches of such a genealogical table or tree, we stop whenever we come to the name of a female, and pursue that particular branch or ramification no further, all who remain after the descendants of women have been excluded are agnates, and their connection together is agnatic relationship.” Maine, Anc. Law, 142. All persons are agnatically connected together who are under the same patria potestas.","related":["POTESTAS","COLONY","MATRIMONIUM","EXECUTIVE BRANCH","PATRIA POTESTAS","TAP FEE","MANCIPIUM","DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION","ADULTEROUS BASTARDY","MARINES"]}
{"title":"AGRICULTURE","definition":"The science or art of cultivating the ground, especially in fields or large areas, including the tillage of the soil, the planting of seeds, the raising and harvesting of crops, and the rearing of live stock. Dillard v. Webb, 55 Ala. 474. And see Bin- zel v. Grogan, 67 Wis. 147, 29 N. W. 895; Simons v. Lovell, 7 Ileisk. (Teun.) 510; Springer v. Lewis, 22 Pa. 191. A person actually engaged in the “science of agriculture” (within the meaning of a statute giving him special exemptions) is one who derives the support of himself and his family, in whole or in part, from the tillage and cultivation of fields. He must cultivate something more than a garden, although it may be much less than a farm. If the area cultivated can be called a held, it is agriculture, as well in contemplation of law as in the etymology of the word. And if this condition be fulfilled, the uniting of any other business, not inconsistent with the pursuit of agriculture, does not take away the protection of the statute. Springer v. Lewis, 22 I’a. 193.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Patent Law","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AIR-WAY","definition":"In English law. A passage for the admission of air into a mine. To maliciously till up, obstruct, or damage, with intent to destroy, obstruct, or render useless the air-way to any mine, is a felony punishable by penal servitude or imprisonment at the discretion of the court. 24 \u0026 25 Vict a 97,","related":["REFORMATORY SCHOOLS","INTIMIDATION","OBSTRUCT","ADIT","ENGROSSING","NE LUMINIBUS OFFICIATUR","CONSTRUCTIVE CRIME","GOEDA","KIDNAPPING","FALSIFYING A RECORD"]}
{"title":"ALBUM BREVE","definition":"A blank writ; a writ with a blank or omission in it.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","ARGENTIIM ALBUM","BREVE L LAT","BREVE NOMINATNM","BREVE ORIGINALE","CASSETUR BREVE","ET HABEAS IBI TUNC HOC BREVE","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ALEATOR","definition":"Lat. (From alca, q. v.) In the civil law. A gamester; one who plays at games of hazard. Dig. 11, 0; Cod. 3, 43.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Civil Procedure","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Law School Outlines","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ALIEN ENEMY","definition":"In international law. An alien who is the subject or citizen of some hostile state or power. See Dyer, 2b : Co. Litt. 1296. A person who, by reason of owing a permanent or temporary allegiance to a hostile power, becomes, in time of war, impressed with the character of an enemy, and. as such, is disabled from suing in the courts of I lie adverse belligerent. See 1 Kent. Comm. 74; 2 Id. 63; Bell v. Chapman, 10 Johns. (N. Y.) 183: Dorsev v. Brislmm. 177 111. 250. 52 X. E. 303. 42 L. R. A. SH9. 09 Am. St. Rep. 228.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Property Law (Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander, Schill, 7th ed.)","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Professional Responsibility"]}
{"title":"ALIENOR","definition":"He who makes a grant transfer of title, conveyance, or alienation.","related":["TRANSFER, n","ALIENATE","ALIENEE","PASSING OF TITLE","DONATIO","GRANT","TRANSFER","CONCESSIO","SECONDARY CONVEYANCES","ALIENABLE"]}
{"title":"ALL THE ESTATE","definition":"The name given in England to the short clause in a conveyance or other assurance which purports to convey “all the estate, right, title, interest, claim, and demand” of the grantor, lessor, etc., in the property dealt with. Dav. Conv. 93.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Trust and Will","Evidence 2","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"ALLISION","definition":"The running of one vessel into or against another, as distinguished from a collision, i. e., the running of two vessels against each other.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","COLLISION","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"ALLOTMENT SYSTEM","definition":"Designates the practice of dividing land in small portions for cultivation by agricultural laborers and other cottagers at their leisure, and after they have performed their ordinary day’s work. Wharton.","related":["ALLOTMENT","OPEN ALLOTMENT","ALLOTMENT LETTER","ALLOTMENT NOTE","ALLOTMENT WARDEN","TRUCK ACT","GROUND","FARM","MIDDLEMAN","MECHANIC’S LIEN"]}
{"title":"ANTIQUUM DOMINICUM","definition":"In old English law. Ancient demesne.","related":["DOMINICUM ANTIQUUM","DOMINICUM","DROIT- CLOSE","MONSTRANS DE FAITS","DEMESNE AS OF FEE","ANCIENT DEMESNE","LAY TENURES","RIGHT CLOSE, WRIT OF","DEMESNE LANDS","DOMESMEN"]}
{"title":"APOCHA","definition":"Lat. In the civil law. A writing acknowledging payments; acquittance. It differs from acceptilation in this: that acceptilation imports a complete discharge of the former obligation whether payment be made or not; apocha, discharge only upon payment being made. Calvin.","related":["SOLUTIO","SECURITAS","SUBSCRIPTIO","SOLIDARY","AMPLIATION","PRICE LEVEL ADJUSTED MORTGAGE (PLAM)","LIBELLUS","INDUCTIO","NECESSITUDO","SOLVERE"]}
{"title":"APPARENT","definition":"That which Is obvious, evident, or manifest; what appears, or has been made manifest. In respect to facts involved in an appeal or writ of error, that which is stated in the record.","related":["NON-APPARENT EASEMENT","HEIR APPARENT","APPARENT LOW BIDDER","APPARENT AUTHORITY","APPARENT\nMATURITY","APPARENT HEIR","APPARENT EASEMENT","APPARENT DEFECTS","APPARENT DANGER","APPARENT JEOPARDY"]}
{"title":"APPEARANCE DAY","definition":"The day for appearing: that on which the parties are hound to come into court. Cru- ger v. McCracken (Tex. Civ. App.) 26 S. W. 282.","related":["GRATIS APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE","VOLUNTARY APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE DOCKET","NON-APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE ALLOWANCE","NOTICE OF APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","CHACURUS L LAT","JUDGMENT"]}
{"title":"APPENSURA","definition":"Payment of money by weight instead of by count. Cowell.","related":["MONEY COUNTS","TALE","PREST","LEGAL WEIGHT","AUNCEL WEIGHT","NET WEIGHT","LACTA L","TELLER","DRAFT","ARREARS, OR ARREARAGES"]}
{"title":"APPOSTILLE, OR APOSTILLE","definition":"In French law, an addition or annotation made in the margin of a writing. Merl. Repert","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Contracts I","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","APOSTILLE, APPOSTILLE","Professional Responsibility","Payment Systems","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATION","definition":"The act of appropriating or setting apart; prescribing the destination of a thing; designating the use or application of a fund. In public law. The act by which tne legislative department of government designates a particular fund, or sets apart a specified portion of the public revenue or of the money In the public treasury, to be applied to some general object of governmental expenditure, (as the civil service list, etc..) or to some individual purchase or expense. State v. Moore, 50 Neb. 88, 09 N. W. 373, 61 Am. St Rep. 538; Clayton v. Berry, 27 Ark. 129. When money is appropriated (f. e., set apart) for the purpose of securing the payment of a specific debt or class of debts, or for an individual purchase or object of expense. it is said to be specifically appropriated for that purpose. A specific appropriation is an act of the legislature by which a named sum of money has been set apart in the treasury, and devoted to the payment of a particular demand. Stratton v. Green, 45 Cal. 149.","related":["APPROPRIATION OF LAND","APPROPRIATION OF WATER","APPROPRIATION BILL","APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION","CONTINUING APPROPRIATION","EXPIRED APPROPRIATION","SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION","APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION METHODS"]}
{"title":"APROVECHAMIENTO","definition":"In Spanish law. Approvement, or improvement and enjoyment of public lands. As applied to pueblo lands, it has particular reference to the commons, and includes not only the actual enjoyment of them but a right to such enjoyment. Hart v. Burnett, 15 Cal. 530, 500. APT. Fit; suitable; appropriate.","related":["EJIDOS","PROPRIOS","APPROVER, N","CIUDADES","BETTERMENT","PROPIOS, PKORSIOS","DOMINIO","ARRENT","KAIZEN BUDGETING","MODIFICATION"]}
{"title":"AQUFFI HAUSTUS","definition":"In the civil law. A servitude which consists in the right to draw water from the fountain, pool, or spring of another. Inst. 2, 3, 2; Dig. 8, 3, 1, 1.","related":["HAUSTUS","VIVA AQUA","AQU","STILLICIDIUM","ALTIUS TOLLENDI","FONTANA","SPRING","ALTIUS NON TOLLENDI","JUS PROJICIENDI","JUS AQU3IDUCTUS"]}
{"title":"ARBITRARY GOVERNMENT","definition":"The difference between a free and an arbitrary government is that in the former limits are assigned to those to whom the administration is committed, but the latter depends on the will of the departments or some of them. Kamper v. Hawkins, 1 Va. Cas. 20, 23.","related":["ARBITRARY","ARBITRARY PUNISHMENT","ARBITRARY POWER","ARBITRARY DISCRETION","REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT","GOVERNMENT","GOVERNMENT BOND","LOCAL GOVERNMENT","GOVERNMENT-OWNED PROPERTY","GOVERNMENT PURCHASES"]}
{"title":"ARCARIUS","definition":"In civil and old English law. A treasurer; a keeper of public money. Cod. 10, 70, 15; Spelman.","related":["CAMERARIUS","CHAMBERLAIN","TABERNARIUS","CHARTOPHYLAX","ALLOCATIONE FACIENDA","GUARDIANUS","CASTELLANUS","PECULATUS","LUSHBOROW","ZYGOSTATES"]}
{"title":"ARENALES","definition":"In Spanish law. Sandy beaches; or grounds on the banks of rivers. White, Recop. b. 2, tit. 1, c. 6.","related":["Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Family Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENT AB INCONVENIENTI","definition":"An argument arising from the inconvenience which the proposed construction of the law would create.","related":["ARGUMENT","CONCLUDING ARGUMENT","ARGUMENT ON APPEAL","MOVING FOR AN ARGUMENT","ORAL ARGUMENT","CLOSING ARGUMENT","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","HARDSHIP","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","RAISE"]}
{"title":"ARM OF THE SEA","definition":"A portion of the sea projecting inland, in which the tide ebbs and flows. 5 Coke, 107. An arm of the sea is considered as extending as far into the interior of a country as the water of fresh rivers is propelled backwards by the ingress of the tide. Ang. Tide- Waters, 73; Hubbard v. Hubbard, 8 N. Y. 196; Adams v. Pease, 2 Conn. 484; U. S. v. Grush, 5 Mason, 290, Fed. Cas. No. 15,268; Ex parte Byers (D. C.) 32 Fed. 404.","related":["SHORE","NAVIGABLE","AT SEA","COAST WATERS","COMMON FORM","BEACH","COTTAGE","SEA LEVEL","TIDE LAND","NAVIGATE"]}
{"title":"ARPENTATOR","definition":"A measurer or surveyor of land. Cowell; Spelman.","related":["MENSOR","LANDIMER","ARPEN, ARPENT","GLEBA","CASATA","ARATURIA","AGER","LADA","ARMIGER","DALUS, DAILUS, DAILIA"]}
{"title":"ARRESTANDO IPSUM QUI PECU- NIAM RECEPIT","definition":"In old English law. A writ which issued for apprehending a person who had taken the king’s prest money to serve in the wars, and then hid himself in order to avoid going.","related":["DE ARRESTANDO IPSUM QUI PE- CUNIAM RECEPIT","BARATRIAM COMMITTIT QUI PROPTER PECU- NIAM JUSTITIAM BARACTAT","DE SCUTAGIO HABENDO","SAFEGUARD","SCTJTAGIO HABENDO","PREDECESSOR","BREVE L LAT","WARRANT, n","CERTIORARI","DE SALVA GARDIA"]}
{"title":"ARRONDISSEMENT","definition":"In France, one of the subdivisions of a department.","related":["DEPARTMENT","TRANSFRETATIO","SALUTE","CHUNNEL","PHASE ALTERNATE LINE (PAL)","EXEQUATUR","DE FACTO DOMICILE","DIVISION","TOWN","BUREAU"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","definition":"A written memorandum of the terms of an agreement. It is a common practice for persons to enter into articles of agreement. preparatory to the execution of a formal deed, whereby it is stipulated that one of the parties shall convey to the other certain lands, or release his right to them, or execute some other disposition of them.","related":["ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","ARTICLES","AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT","THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES","MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT","EXCLUSIVE AGENCY AGREEMENT","NOVATION AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF SET","MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"ARTICULATELY","definition":"Article by article; by distinct clauses or articles; by separate propositions.","related":["ARTICLES","CONTRACT LINE ITEM","ARTICULATED PLEADING","NESTED","SEPARABLE CONTROVERSY","INVENTORY","ARTICLE","ARTICULATE ADJUDICATION","CITATION INDEX","BUSINESS ENTITY CONCEPT"]}
{"title":"ARURA","definition":"An old English law term, signifying a day’s work in plowing.","related":["DAY WERE","ESCAMBIUM","BOLTING","TERRAGE","NOMINE PCENJE","AKABANT","RUSTICI","DATIVE","AZURE","AVET"]}
{"title":"ASSISE\nOF FRESH FORCE","definition":"In old English practice. A writ which lay by the usage and custom of a city or borough, where a man was disseised of his lands and tenements in such city or borough. It was called “fresh force,” because it was to be sued within forty days after the party’s title accrued to him. Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 7 C.","related":["ASSISE, OR ASSIZE","FRESH","FRESH WATER","ASSISE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ASSISE OF NNISANCE","AFFORCE THE ASSISE","ASSISE OF DARREIN PRESENTMENT","ASSISE RENTS","FORCE MAJEURE"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATION","definition":"The act of a number of persons who unite or join together for some special purpose or business. The union of a company of persons for the transaction of designated affairs, or the attainment of some common object. An unincorporated society; a body of persons united and acting together without a charter, but upon the methods and forms used by incorporated bodies for the prosecution of some common enterprise. Allen v. Stevens, 33 App. Div. 485, 54 N. T. Supp. 23; Pratt v. Asylum, 20 App. Div. 352, 46 N. Y. Supp. 1035; State v. Steele, 37 Minn. 42S, 34 N. W. 903; Mills v. State, 23 Tex. 303; Laycock v. State, 136 Ind. 217, 36 N. E. 137. In English law. A writ directing certain persons (usually the clerk and his subordinate officers) to associate themselves with the justices and sergeants for the purposes of taking the assises. 3 Bl. Comm. 59, 60.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ASTRARIUS","definition":"In old English law. A householder; belonging to the house; a person in actual possession of a house.","related":["ASTRER","OCCUPATION","COUNTERVAIL LIVERY","COCKET","CARE, CUSTODY, AND CONTROL","BACKSIDE","DELIVERY","HOUSEKEEPER","POSSESSORY ACTION","ELOPEMENT"]}
{"title":"ATHA","definition":"In Saxon law. An oath ; the power or privilege of exacting and administering an oath. Spelman.","related":["Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Constitutional Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Professional Responsibility","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ATTACHMENT\nOF THE FOREST","definition":"One of the three courts formerly held in forests. The highest court was called ^justice in eyre’s seat;” the middle, the “swainmote;” and the lowest, the “attachment.” Manwood, 90, 99.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ATTILE","definition":"In old English law. Rigging; tackle. Cowell.","related":["HERNESIU M, or HERNASIUM","ATILIUM","AGREZ","ESKIPPAMENTUM","APPARURA","FALERSE","XENODOCHIUM","BEDEL","HARNESS","LUSHBOROW"]}
{"title":"ATTORNMENT","definition":"In feudal and old English law. A turning over or transfer by a lord of the services of his tenant to the grantee of his seigniory. Attornment is the act of a person who holds a leasehold interest in land, or estate for life or years, by which he agrees to become the tenant of a stranger who has acquired the fee in the land, or the remainder or reversion, or the right to the rent or services by which the tenant holds. Lindley v. Dakiu, 13 Ind. 388; Willis v. Moore, 59 Tex. 630, 40 Am. Rep. 2S4; Foster v. Morris, 3 A. K. Marsh. (Ky.) 610, 13 Am. Dec. 205.","related":["Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"AUDITA QUERELA","definition":"The name of a writ constituting the initial process in an action brought by a judgment defendant to obtain relief against the consequences of the judgment, on account of some matter of defense or discharge, arising since its rendition and which could not be taken advantage of otherwise. Foss v. Witham, 9 Allen {Mass.) 572; Longworth v. Screven, 2 Hill (S. C.) 298, 27 Am. Dec. 381; McLean v. Bindley, 114 Pa. 559, 8 Atl. 1; Wetmore v. Law, 34 Barb. (N. Y.) 517; Manning v. Phillips, 65 Ga. 550; Coffin v. Ewer, 5 Mete. (Mass.) 228; Gleason v. Peck, 12 Vt 56, 36 Am. Dec. 329.","related":["QUERELA","EX GRAVT QUERELA","DUPLEX QUERELA","QUERELA INOFFICIOSI","QUERELA INOFFICIOSI TESTA- MENTI","QUERELA CORAM REGE A CON- CILIO DISCUTIENDA ET TERMI- NANDA","LUCRUM CESSANS","CREDIBLE WITNESS","CONDEMNATION MONEY","VERSUS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO CALNMNISE","definition":"An action to restrain the defendant from prosecuting a groundless proceeding or trumped-up charge against the plaintiff. Hunter. Rom. Law, S59.","related":["ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO NEGATORIA","ACTIO NON ACCREVIT INFRA SEX ANNOS","ACTIO QUOD\nINETUS CAUSA","ACTIO ARBITRARIA","ACTIO VENDITI","SI ACTIO","ACTIO\nEOMMUNI DIVIDUNDO","ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO EX LOCATO","definition":"An action upon letting; an action which the person who let a thing for hire to another might have against the hirer. Dig. 19. 2; Cod. 4, 65.","related":["EX LOCATO","CONDUCTI ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO EX CONDUCTO","PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO DE DOLO\nMALO","ACTIO IN REM","ACTIO DE PECUNIA CONSTI- TUTA","COMMODATI ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO PRRCSCRIPTIS VERBIS","definition":"A form of action which derived its force from continued usage or the rcsponsa prudentium, and was founded on the unwritten law. 1 Spence. Eq. Jur. 212.","related":["ACTIO IN FACTUM","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO BONSE FIDEI","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO FURTI","ACTIO PIGNORATITIA","ACTIO IN PERSONAM"]}
{"title":"ACTIO VULGARIS","definition":"A legal action; a common action. Sometimes used for actio directa. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO PRA;TORIA","ACTIO PERSONALIS","VULGARIS PURGATIO","ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO IN FACTUM","PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS"]}
{"title":"ACTION OF ABSTRACTED MULTURES","definition":"An action for multures or tolls against those who are thirled to a mill, i. e., bound to grind their corn at a certain mill, and fail to do so. Bell.","related":["OUTSUCKEN MULTURES","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","PERSONAL ACTION","SPLITTING A CAUSE OF ACTION","REPROBATOR, ACTION OF","CAUSE OF ACTION","RIGHT OF ACTION","IN ACTION","POSSESSORY ACTION","CHOSE IN ACTION"]}
{"title":"AQUA PROFLUENS","definition":"Flowing or running water. Dig. 1, 8, 2.","related":["VIVA AQUA","AQUA CURRENS","AQUA","AQUA QNOTIDIANA","AQUA CEDIT SOLO","AQUA SESTIVA","AQUA FONTANEA","AQUA SALSA","AQUA DULCIS, OR FRISCA","IN AQUA MANU"]}
{"title":"ARATURIA","definition":"Land suitable for the plow; arable land. Spelman.","related":["Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law (Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander, Schill, 7th ed.)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Civil Law Torts","EASEMENT","ARATRUM TERRA"]}
{"title":"ARBOR","definition":"Lat. A tree; a plant; something larger than an herb; a general term including vines, osiers, and even reeds. The mast of a ship. Brissonius. Timber. Aiusworth; Calvin.","related":["Labor Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Business Associations, Keyed to Ramseyer, Bainbridge, and Klein (7th Ed.)","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVIST","definition":"The custodian of archives.","related":["ARCHIVE","CUSTOS","COMPUTER OUTPUT TO LASER DISC (COLD)","PHYSICAL CUSTODY","ACCESS POINT","COMPUTER OUTPUT MICROFILM (COM)","CONTRACT DOCUMENTS","PAYMASTER ROBBERY INSURANCE","KEEPER","TESTIMONIO"]}
{"title":"ARGENTEUS","definition":"An old French coin, answering nearly to the English shilling. Spelman.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Constitution of The United States of America","Comparative Constitutional Law","SOLIDUS LEGALIS","COUNTERFEIT COIN","PENNY","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Patent Law","SCEATTA","ARGENTIIM ALBUM"]}
{"title":"ARIBANNUM","definition":"In feudal law. A fine for not setting out to join the army in obedience to the summons of the king.","related":["ARRIER BAN","HEREBANNUM","SCUTAGE","FIRDWITE","FERDELLA TERRS","FEALTY","DE SCUTAGIO HABENDO","SERVITIUM","PRiESUMPTIO","ESSOIN"]}
{"title":"ARMISTICE","definition":"A suspending or cessation of hostilities between belligerent nations or forces for a considerable time.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Payment Systems","Constitutional Law","Family Law","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ARRENDAMIENTO","definition":"In Spanish law. The contract of letting and hiring an estate or land, (lieredad.) White, Recop. b. 2, tit. 14, c. 1.","related":["Property Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Contracts I","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Secured Transactions","Property Law – 2","Contracts I (Hillman)","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ARRIAGE AND CARRIAGE","definition":"In English and Scotch law. Indefinite services formerly deinandable from tenants, but prohibited by statute, (20 Geo. II. c. 50,","related":["CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT","CARRIAGE TRADE","CARRIAGE","ON-CARRIAGE","CARRIAGE COST","CARRIAGE PAID TO (CPT)","CONDITIONS OF CARRIAGE","CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE","DECLARED VALUE FOR CARRIAGE","CARRIAGE \u0026 INSURANCE PAID TO (CIP)"]}
{"title":"ARTICLE","definition":"A separate aud distinct part of an instrument or writing comprising two or more particulars; one of several things presented as connected or forming a whole. Carter v. Railroad Co., 126 N. C. 437, 36 S. E. 14; Wetzell v. Dinsmore, 4 Daly (N. Y.) 195. In Englisli ecclesiastical law. A complaint exhibited in the ecclesiastical court by way of libel. The different parts of a libel, responsive allegation, or counter allegation in the ecclesiastical courts. 3 Bl. Comm. 109. In Scotch practice. A subject or matter ; competent matter. “Article of dittay.” 1 Broun, 62. A “point of dittay.” 1 Swint. 12S, 129.","related":[]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF THE CLERGY","definition":"The title of a statute passed in the ninth year of Edward II. for the purpose of adjusting and settling the great questions of cognizance then existing between the ecclesiastical and temporal courts. 2 Reeve, Hist. Eng. Law, 291-290.","related":["BENEFIT OF CLERGY","ARTICULI DE MONETA","CLERGY","REGULAR CLERGY","SIX ARTICLES, LAWS OF","ARTICULI SUPER CHARTAS","CIRCUMSPECTE AGATIS","ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES","ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","definition":"Persons created and devised by human laws for the purposes of society and government, as distinguished from natural persons. Corporations are examples of artificial persons. 1 HI. Comm. 123. Chapman v. Brewer, 43 Neb. 800, 02 N. W. 320, 47 Am. St. Rep. 770 ; Smith v. Trust Co., 4 Ala. 508.","related":["RIGHTS OF PERSONS","DESIGNATIO PERSONS","DISORDERLY PERSONS","ARTIFICIAL DAY","ARTIFICIAL","ARTIFICIAL PRESUMPTIONS","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","ARTIFICIAL LIFE","ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION"]}
{"title":"ASPECT","definition":"View; object; possibility. Implies the existence of alternatives. Used in the phrases “bill with a double aspect” and “contingency with a double aspect.”","related":["CONTINGENCY\nWITH DOUBLE ASPECT","ASPECT RATIO","ALIO INTUITU","CORRELATIVE","QUANTIFICATION","VALUE","IN POSSE","SATISFICING","EO INTUITU","POSSIBILITAS"]}
{"title":"ASSEDATION","definition":"In Scotch law. An old term, used Indiscriminately to signify a lease or feu-right. Bell; Ersk. Inst. 2, 6, 20.","related":["Property Law","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I","Labor Law","Sales Outline (Keyed to Keating)","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"ASSETS","definition":"In probate law. Property of n a decedent available for the payment of debts LI and legacies; the estate coming to the heir or personal representative which is chargeable, in law or equity, with the obligations which such heir or representative is required, in his representative capacity, to discharge. F In an accurate and legal sense, all the personal property of the deceased which is of a salable nature, and may be converted into ready money, is deemed assets. But the word is not confined to such property ; for all other property of the deceased which is chargeable with n his debts or legacies, and is applicable to that | purpose, is, in a large sense, assets. 1 Story, Eq. .Tur.","related":["EQUITABLE ASSETS","LEGAL ASSETS","REAL ASSETS","ASSETS ENTRE MAINS","ASSETS OF A DECEDENT","GENERAL ASSETS","CURRENT ASSETS","PERSONAL\nASSETS","NET ASSETS","INDIVIDUAL ASSETS AND DEBTS"]}
{"title":"ASSISA","definition":"In old English and Scotch law. An assise; a kind of jury or inquest; a writ; a sitting of a court; an ordinance or statute; a fixed or specific time, number, quantity, quality, price, or weight; a tribute, fine, or tax; a real action ; the name of a writ. See ASSISE.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Privacy Policy","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Contracts I","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ASSISA CADIT IN JUR A TURN","definition":"The assise falls (turns) into a jury; hence to submit a controversy to trial by jury.","related":["Evidence 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","California Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"ASSIZE","definition":"In the practice of the criminal courts of Scotland, the fifteen men who decide on the conviction or acquittal of an accused person are called the “assize,” though in popular language, and even in statutes, they are called the “jury.” Wharton. See ASSISE.","related":["Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Torts (Selmi)","Evidence","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ASSYTHEMENT","definition":"In Scotch law. Damages awarded to the relative of a murdered person from the guilty party, who has not been convicted and punished. Paters. Comp.","related":["DISPONE","ARTICLES OF SET","CIRCUMDUCTION","ARTICLES APPROBATORY","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ART AND PART","ALIMENT","CAPIAS AD\nSATISFACIENDUM","CONDEMNATION MONEY","DISGUISE"]}
{"title":"ATAMITA","definition":"In the civil law. A great- great-great-grandfather’s sister.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Criminal Procedure","Law School Outlines","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"AMBER, OR AMBRA","definition":"In old English law. A measure of four bushels.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)"]}
{"title":"AMELIORATIONS","definition":"Betterments; improvements. 6 Low. Can. 294; 9 Id. 503.","related":["MELIORATIONS","OFFSITE IMPROVEMENTS","BETTERMENT ACTS","QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TEAM","MELIORATION","UNEARNED INCREMENT","APPRECIATION","BETTERMENT INSURANCE","VISIONARY COMPANIES","ONSITE IMPROVEMENTS"]}
{"title":"AMICUS CURL","definition":"Lat. A friend of the court. A by-stander (usually a counsellor) who interposes and volunteers information upon some matter of law in regard to which the judge is doubtful or mistaken, or upon a matter of which the court may take judicial cognizance. Counsel in court frequently act in this capacity when they happen to be in possession of a ease which the judge has not seen, or does not at the moment remember. Taft v. Northern Transp. Co., 56 N. H. 416; Birmingham Loan, etc., Co. v. Bank, 100 Ala. 249, 13 South. 945, 46 Am. St. Rep. 45; In re Columbia Real Estate Co. (D. C.) 101 Fed. 970. It is also applied to persons who have no right to appear in a suit, but are allowed to introduce evidence to protect their own interests. Bass v. Fontleroy, 11 Tex. 699, 701, 702.","related":["CONSIDERATIO CURL","IN FACIE CURL","AMICUS CURIAE","REAL ESTATE AGENT","SUB JUDICE","ALIENATE","PUBLIC EQUITY","EFFECTS","CHATTEL","REAL ESTATE INVESTING"]}
{"title":"AMPLIATION","definition":"In the civil law. A deferring of judgment until a cause be further examined. Calvin.; Cowell. An order for the rehearing of a cause on a day appointed, for the sake of more ample information. Halifax. Anal. b. 3, c. 13, n. 32. In French law. A duplicate of an acquittance or other instrument. A notary’s copy of acts passed before him, delivered to the parties.","related":["COUNTERPART","DUPLICATE","PROTOCOL","ATTEST","SOUS SEING PRIVE","REFERENCE COPY","AUTHENTIC ACT","EN BREVET","DEED","RECORD COPY"]}
{"title":"ANATOCISM","definition":"In the civil law. Repeated or doubled interest; compound interest; usury. Cod. 4, 32, 1, 30.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Procedure","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"ANCIENTS","definition":"In English law. Gentlemen of the inns of court and chancery. In Gray’s Inn the society consists of benchers, ancients, barristers, and students under the bar; and here the ancients are of the oldest barristers. In the Middle Temple, those who had passed their readings used to he termed “ancients.” The Inns of Chancery consist of ancients and students or clerks: from the ancients a principal or treasurer is chosen yearly. Wharton.","related":["INNS OF COURT","READERS","TEMPLE","RIDING CLERK","HOSPITIA","MAGNUM CAPE","GRASS WEEK","OUTER BAR","GRAND DAYS","FURNIVAL’S INN"]}
{"title":"ANGUISH","definition":"Great or extreme pain, agony, or distress, either of body or mind; but, as used In law, particularly mental suffering or distress of great intensity. Cook v. Railway Co., 19 Mo. App. 334.","related":["MENTAL ANGUISH","CORPORE ET ANIMO","HYPNOTISM","CRUELTY TO ANIMALS","DELIRIUM","DAMAGES AT LARGE","MERCY KILLING","CRUELTY","SURVIVAL STATUTE","AGGRAVATED DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS DIFFERENDI","definition":"The intention of obtaining delay.","related":["ANIMUS MORANDI","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","definition":"It is to the intention that all law applies. Law always regards the intention.","related":["OMNE","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI"]}
{"title":"ANNONA","definition":"Grain; food. An old English and civil law term to denote a yearly contribution by one person to the support of another.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Family Law","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"ANNULUS","definition":"Lat. In old English law. A ring; the ring of a door. Per haspam vel annulum hostii exterioris; by the hasp or ring of the outer door. Fleta, lib. 3, c. 15, S 5.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ANOYSANCE","definition":"Annoyance; nuisance. Cowell; Kelharn.","related":["AD NOCUMENTUM","PURPRESTURE","NOCUMENTUM","QUESTUS EST NOBIS","HURT","ASSISE OF NNISANCE","ASSISA DE NOCUMENTO","POURPRESTURE","QUOD PROSTRAVIT","NUISANCE ABATEMENT OF"]}
{"title":"ANTICIPATION","definition":"The act of doing or taking a thing before its proper time. In conveyancing, anticipation is the act of assigning, charging, or otherwise dealing with income before it becomes due. In patent law, a person is said to have been anticipated when he patents a contrivance already known within the limits of the country granting the patent. Topliff v. Topliff, 145 U. S. 156, 12 Sup. Ct. 825, 36 L. Ed. 658; Detroit, etc., Co. v. Renchard (C. C.) 9 Fed. 298; National Hollow Brake Beam Co. v. Interchangeable Brake Beam Co. (C. C.) 99 Fed. 772.","related":["Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Investigations)","Evidence 2","Contracts I (Hillman)"]}
{"title":"APERTURA TESTAMENTI","definition":"In the civil law. A form of proving a will, by the witnesses acknowledging before a magistrate their having sealed it","related":["Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"APOSTATA CAPIENDO","definition":"An obsolete English writ which issued against an apostate, or one who had violated the rules of his religious order. It was addressed to the sheriff, and commanded him to deliver the defendant into the custodv of the abbot or prior. Reg. Orig. 71, 207; Jacob; Wharton.","related":["Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Constitutional Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"APPARLEMENT","definition":"In old English law. Resemblance; likelihood; as apparlement of war. St. 2 Rich. II. st. 1, c. 0; Cowell.","related":["HABENTES HOMINES","PREDICTION MARKET","XENODOCHIUM","BEDEL","PROBABILITY","LUSHBOROW","ELEEMOSYNARIA","NONBRANDED GOODS","BOLTING","CONJURATION"]}
{"title":"APPELLATOR","definition":"An old law term having the same meaning as “appellant,” (q. v.) In the civil law, the term was applied to the judge ad quern, or to whom an appeal was taken. Calvin.","related":["APPEAL BOND","PEREMPT","CASE ON APPEAL","MARTE SUO DECURRERE","ATTENTAT","STIPULATOR","JUDEX","DUPLEX QUERELA","CONJECTIO","TURPIS"]}
{"title":"APPOINTMENT","definition":"In chancery practice. The exercise of a right to designate the person or persons who are to take the use of real estate. 2 Washb. Real Prop. 302. The act of a person in directing the disposition of property, by limiting a use, or by substituting a new use for a former one, in pursuance of a power granted to him for that purpose by a preceding deed, called a “power of appointment:” also the deed or other instrument by which he so conveys. Where the power embraces several permitted objects, and the appointment is made to one or more of them, excluding others, it is called “exclusive.” Appointment may signify an appropriation of money to a specific purpose. Harris v. Clark, 3 N. T. 93, 119, 51 Am. Dec. 352. In public law. The selection or designation of a person, by the person or persons having authority therefor, to fill an office or public function and discharge the duties of the same. State v. New Orleans, 41 La Ann. 156, 0 South. 592; Wickersham v. Brit- tan, 93 Cal. 34, 28 Pac. 792, 15 L. R. A. 100; Sliced v. Crawford, 3 Mete. (Ky.) 210. The term “appointment” is to be distinguished from “election.” The former is an executive act, whereby a person is named as the in cumbent of an office and invested therewith, by one or more individuals who have the sole power and right to select and constitute the officer. Election means that the person is chosen by sl principle of selection in the nature of a vote, participated in by the public generally or by the entire class of persons qualified to express their choice in this manner. See McPherson v. Blacker, 140 U. S. 1, 13 Sup. Ct. 3, 30 L. Ed. 809; State v. Compson. 34 Or. 25, 54 Pac. 349; Reid v. Gorsuch, 67 N. J. Law, 396, 51 Atl. 457; State v. Squire, 39 Ohio St. 197; State v. Williams. 60 Kan. 837, 58 Pac. 476.","related":["POWER OF APPOINTMENT","APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS","SPECIAL POWER OF APPOINTMENT","AGENCY BY APPOINTMENT","GENERAL POWER OF APPOINTMENT","OATH OF OFFICE","AUTHORITY","APPOINTOR","OFFICE","PROMOTERS"]}
{"title":"APPRENTICE","definition":"A person, usually a minor, bound in due form of law to a master. to learn from him his art, trade, or business, and to serve him during the time of his apprenticeship. 1 Bl. Comm. 420 ; 2 Kent, Comm. 211 ; 4 Term, 735. Altemus v. Ely, 3 Rawle (Pa.) 307; In re Goodenough, 19 Wis. 274; Phelps v. Railroad Co., 99 Pa. 113; Lyon v. Whitemore, 3 N. J. Law, 845.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"APPROVEMENT","definition":"By the common law, approvement is said to be a species of confession, and incident to the arraignment of a prisoner indicted for treason or felony, who confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and appeals or accuses others, his accomplices in the same crime, in order to obtain his own pardon. In this case he is called an “approver.” or “prover,” “probator,” and the party appealed or accused is called the “appellee.” Such approvement can only be in capital offenses, and it is. as it were, equivalent to an Indictment, since the appellee is equally called upon to answer it. Gray v. People. 20 111. 344; Whiskey Cases, 99 II. S. 599, 25 L. Ed. 399; State v. Graham, 41 N. J. Law, 15. 32 Am. Rep. 174.","related":["MISDEMEANOR","AGAINST TT-IE WILL","ARRAIGN","NO BILL","APPELLEE","ARRAIGNMENT","CAPITAL REDUCTION","KNOWINGLY","BILL OF ATTAINDER","HAUL"]}
{"title":"ACTIO IN FACTUM","definition":"An action adapted to the particular case, having an analogy to some actio in jus, the latter being founded on some subsisting acknowledged law. Spence, Eq. Jur. 212. The origin of these actions is similar to that of actions on the case at common law.","related":["ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO PRRCSCRIPTIS VERBIS","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO BONSE FIDEI","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO PERSONALIS","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO FURTI","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU"]}
{"title":"ACTIO\nREALIS","definition":"A real action. The proper term in the civil law was rci vindieatio. Inst. 4, 0. 3.","related":["ACTIO PERSONALIS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO IN REM","EX STIPULATU ACTIO","COMMODATI ACTIO","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","CONDUCTI ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","DE PIGNORE SURREPTO FURTI, ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NON","definition":"In pleading. The Latin name of that part of a special plea which follows next after the statement of appearance and defense, and declares that the plaintiff “ought not to have or maintain his aforesaid action,” etc.","related":["ACTIO NON ULTERIUS","ACTIO NON ACCREVIT INFRA SEX ANNOS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","SI ACTIO","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO NEGATORIA","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO BONE FIDEI","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","ACTIO RESCISSORIA"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE FRAUD","definition":"Deception practiced in order to induce another to part with property or surrender some legal right; a false representation made with an iutention to deceive; may be committed by stating what is known to be false or by professing knowledge of the truth of a statement which is false, but in either case, the essential ingredient is a falsehood uttered with intent to deceive. Marsh v. Falker, 40 N. Y. 575; Farrington v. Bullard, 40 Barb. (N. Y.) 512; Ilecht v. Metzler, 14 Utah, 408, 48 Pac. 37. 00 Am. St. Rep. 900; Sawyer v. Prickett, 19 Wall. 140, 22 L. Ed. 105.","related":["FRAUD ARE","LEGAL FRAUD","ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE SUBSIDY","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE WORDS","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","APPRAISAL FRAUD"]}
{"title":"ACTORI INCUMBIT ONUS PROBAND!","definition":"The burden of proof rests on the plaintiff, (or on the party who advances a proposition affirmatively.) Hob. 103.","related":["ONUS OF PROOF","AFFIRMANT!, NON NEGANTL INCUMBIT PROBAT\nIO","ONUS PROBANDI","ONUS","NON DEBET ACTORI LICERE 824 NON EST FACTUM","BURDEN OF PROOF","CASE IN CHIEF","REUS","PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT","ACTOR"]}
{"title":"ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","definition":"The act of God is hurtful to no one. 2 Inst. 287. That is. a person cannot be prejudiced or hold responsible for an accident occurring without his fault and attributable to the “act of God.” See ACT.","related":["ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","ACTUS","FORISF ACTUS","ACTUS REUS","ACTUS LEGITIMI NON RECIPIUNT MODUM","ACTUS REPUGNUS NON POTEST IN ESSE PRODUCI"]}
{"title":"AD ASSISAS CAPIENDAS","definition":"To take assises; to take or hold the assises. Bract, fol. 110a; 3 Bl. Comm. 1S5. Ad assisam capicndam; to take an assise. Bract, fol. 1106.","related":["ASSISE, OR ASSIZE","BAILIFFS OF HUNDREDS","AD GAOLAS DELIBERAND AS","CIRCUIT PAPER","ASSIGN, V","ATTAINT","INQUISITIO","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA CADERE","IN FACIE ECCLESLX"]}
{"title":"AD EFFECTUM","definition":"To the effect, or end. Co. Litt. 204a; 2 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 802,","related":["ADVOWSON IN GROSS","CONTINGENT ESTATE","ADVOWSON APPENDANT","INFRA QUATUOR PARIETES","GRESSUME","IF","INTERCOMMON","ADVOWSON DONATIVE","ADVOWSON","OUSTER"]}
{"title":"AD HUNC DIEM","definition":"At this day. 1 Leon. 90.","related":["ET MODO AD HUNC DIEM","ADJONRNAMENTNM EST AD DIEM DICERE SEU DIEM DARE","DE DIE IN DIEM","IN DIEM","PER DIEM","AD DIEM","AD ALIUM DIEM","POST DIEM","COMPERUIT AD DIEM","PER DIEM BUSINESS INTERRUPTION"]}
{"title":"AD MEDIUM FILUM VI","definition":"To the middle thread of the way.","related":["AD MEDIUM FILUM AQUIE","FILUM","AD FILUM AQU","AD FILUM VIA!","MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE","DIGITAL MEDIUM","MEDIUM TEMPUS","CIRCULATING MEDIUM","MEDIUM-TERM NOTE (MTN)","SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME)"]}
{"title":"AD RECOGNOSCENDUM","definition":"To recognize. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 65,","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","ACTIO FAMILIES ERCISCUNDCE","CHURCHYARD SEE CEMETEBY","VERGERS","INTENTIO","XSNECIA","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AD VITAM","definition":"For life. Bract, fol. 136. In fcodo, vel ad vitam; in fee, or for life. Id.","related":["AD VITAM AUT CULPAM","IN DOMINICO","CUSTOS PLACITORUM CORONAE","AD ASSISAS CAPIENDAS","FURTUM","ANNUITY","AD GAOLAS DELIBERAND AS","ESTATE FOR LIFE","FALCARE","CUI IN VITA"]}
{"title":"ADEMPTIO","definition":"Lat In the civil law. A revocation of a legacy; an ademption. Inst. 2, 21, pr. Where it was expressly transferred from one person to another, it was called translatio. Id. 2. 21, 1; Dig. 34, 4.","related":["TRANSFERENCE","LEGATUM","ADEMPTION","COMMODATUM","VENDITIO","SPECIFIC BEQUEST","CONCEPTUM","FACTIO TESTAMENTI","NOMINE PCENJE","ARROGATION"]}
{"title":"ADIPOCERE","definition":"A waxy substance (chemically margarate of ammonium or ammoniacal soap) formed by the decomposition of animal matter protected from the air but subjected to moisture; in medical jurisprudence, the substance into which a human cadaver is converted which has been buried for a long time in a saturated soil or has lain long in water.","related":["DEAD BODY RIGHT TO BURY OR CREMATE","HYPOSTASIS","NITRIFICATION","CONTAMINANT","WATER TABLE","BED","LAND","DECOCTION","MUMMIFICATION","POISON"]}
{"title":"ADJOURNMENT\nIN EYRE","definition":"The appointment of a day when the justices in eyre mean to sit again. Cowell; Spelman.","related":["EYRE","EIRE, or EYRE","ADJOURNMENT","ADJOURNMENT DAY","ADJOURNMENT SINE DIE","ADJOURNMENT DAY IN ERROR","JUSTICIARII RESIDENTES","IN ITINERE","CHAPITRE","JUSTICIARII ITINERANTES"]}
{"title":"ADLEGIARE","definition":"To purge one’s self of a crime by oath.","related":["IDONEUM SE FACERE; IDONEARESE","SACRAMENTALES","PURGATION","CORPORAL OATB","SUPER-JURARE","ASSISA DE CLARENDON","SWEAR","ANTEJURAMENTUM","AHTEID","INNOXIARE"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE","definition":"Pertaining to administration. Particularly, having the character of executive or ministerial action. In this sense, administrative functions or acts are distinguished from such as are judicial. People v. Austin, 20 App. Div. 1, 46 N. Y. Supp. 52G.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT","CERTIFIED ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER (CAM)","ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING","ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION","ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDY","GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LEVERAGE","ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW"]}
{"title":"ADMITTENDO IN SOCIUM","definition":"A writ for associating certain persons, as knights and other gentlemen of the county, to justices of assize on the circuit Reg. Orig 200.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civil Law Torts","DE CUSTODE ADMITTENDO","ADMITTENDO CLERICO"]}
{"title":"ADPROMISSOR","definition":"In the civil and Scotch law. A guarantor, surety, or cautioner ; a peculiar species of fidejussor; one who adds his own promise to the promise given by the principal debtor, whence the name.","related":["RIGHT OF RELIEF","RIGHT OF DISCUSSION","DISCUSSION","CAUTIONER","BENEFICIUM ORDINIS","BENEFICE DE DISCUSSION","BENEFIT OF DISCUSSION","CULRACH","ORDINIS BENEFICIUM","CAPITALIS DEBITOR"]}
{"title":"ADULTERINE","definition":"Begotten in an adulterous intercourse. In the Roman and canon law, adulterine bastards were distinguished from such as were the issue of two unmarried persons, and the former were treated with more severity, not being allowed the status of natural children, and being ineligible to holy orders.","related":["ADULTERINE GUILDS","HADBOTE","NATURAL CHILD","CHILDREN","FORNICATION","ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","BASTARD","SUBSELLIA","ORDINES MAJORES ET MINORES","READERS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO SERVIANA","definition":"An action which lay for the lessor of a farm, or rural estate, to recover the goods of the lessee or farmer, which were pledged or bound for the rent. Inst. 4, 0, 7.","related":["ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","ACTIO FURTI","EX STIPULATU ACTIO","DE PIGNORE SURREPTO FURTI, ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ACTIO NOXALIS","ACTIO IN REM","ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","COMMODATI ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NON ULTERIUS","definition":"In English pleading. A name given to the distinctive clause in the plea to the further mainte nance of the action, introduced In plact of the plea puis darrein continuance; the averment being that the plaintiff ought not further (ulterius) to have or maintain his action. Steph. PI. 04, 65, 401.","related":["ACTIO NON","ACTIO NON ACCREVIT INFRA SEX ANNOS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","SI ACTIO","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO NEGATORIA","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","ACTIO RESCISSORIA","ACTIO ARBITRARIA"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE WORDS","definition":"In the law of libel and slander. Words which import a charge of some punishable crime or some offensive disease, or impute moral turpitude, or tend to injure a party in his trade or business, are said to be “actionable per se.” Barnes v. Tmndy. 31 Me. 321; Lemons v. Wells, 78 Ky. 117; Mayrant v. IJichardson, 1 Nott \u0026 McC. 347, 9 Am. Dec. 707; Cady v. Brooklyn Union Pub. Co., 23 Misc. Rep. 409, 51 N. Y. Supp. 198.","related":["ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE SUBSIDY","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","APT WORDS","WORDS","ART, WORDS OF"]}
{"title":"ACTS OF SEDERUNT","definition":"In Scotch law. Ordinances for regulating the forms of proceeding, before the court of session, in the administration of justice, made by the judges, who have the power by virtue of a Scotch act of parliament passed in 15-10. Ersk. I’rin.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","definition":"The act of the law is hurtful to no one. An act in law shall prejudice no man. 2 Inst. 287.","related":["ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","ACTUS","ENS LEGIS","IN FRAUDEM LEGIS","ACTIONES LEGIS","IN GREMIO LEGIS"]}
{"title":"AD CAPTUM VULGI","definition":"Adapted tc the common understanding.","related":["PROPER","SOURCES OF THE LAW","ACTIO IN FACTUM","SHARED EXPECTATIONS","GENERALLY IMPLIED","AD EA QUAE FREQUENTIUS ACCIDUNT JURA ADAPTANTUR","COGNITION","BOULEVARD","FREEDOM OF THE SEAS","WATER\nN\n0\nU\nW"]}
{"title":"AD FACIENDUM","definition":"To do. Co. Litt. 204a. Ad faciendum, subjiciendum et recipiendum; to do, submit to, and receive. Ad faciendum juratamillam; to make up that jury. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 65,","related":["AUXILIUM AD FLLIUM MILITEM FACIENDUM ET FLLIAM MARITANDAM","AD EFFECTUM","ASSISA CADIT IN JUR A TURN","AD GRAVAMEN","ATTAINT","JURY","TENDER OF ISSUE","PUT","QUOD NULLUM EST","JURATA"]}
{"title":"AD INQUIRENDUM","definition":"To inquire; a writ of inquiry; a judicial writ, commanding inquiry to be made of any thing relating to a cause pending in court. Cowell.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AD OFFICINM JNSTICIARIORNM SPECTAT, N UNICUIQUE CORAM EIS PLACITANTI JUSTITIAM ”\nEXHIBERE","definition":"It is the duty of justices to administer justice to every one pleading before them. 2 Inst. 451.","related":["Torts (Selmi)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Criminal Procedure","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AD SATISFACIENDUM","definition":"To satisfy. The emphatic words of the writ of capias ad satisfaciendum, which requires the sheriff to take the person of the defendant to satisfy the plaintiff’s claim.","related":["Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ADAWLUT","definition":"Corrupted from Adalat, justice, equity; a court of justice. The terms “Dewanny Adawlut” and “Foujdarry Adaw- lut” denote the civil and criminal courts of justice in India. Wharton.","related":["RULES","COSS","COURT OF CHANCERY","COURT OF PROBATE","CONTROVERSY","CIVILIZATION","CIRCUIT","COMMON CAUSES OR SUITS","CHANCERY","C C"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE CARE","definition":"Such care as a man of ordinary prudence would himself take uuder similar circumstances to avoid accident; care proportionate to the risk to be incurred. Wallace v. Wilmington \u0026 N. R. Co., 8 lloust. (Del.) 529, 18 Atl. 818.","related":["CARE","ADEQUATE","DUE CARE","DUE AND PROPER CARE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","SECONDARY CARE","STANDARD OF CARE","PREVENTIVE CARE","DEPENDENT CARE PLAN","PRIMARY CARE NETWORK (PCN)"]}
{"title":"ADJACENT","definition":"Lying near or close to; contiguous. The difference between adjacent and adjoining seems to be that the former implies that the two objects are not widely separated, though they may not actually touch, while adjoining imports that they are so joined or united to each other that no third object intervenes. People v. Keechler, 194 111. 235. 62 N. E. 525; Ilanifen v. Armitage (C. C.) 117 Fed. \u002645; McDonald v. Wilson. 59 Ind. 54; Wormley v. Wright County, 108 Iowa, 232, 78 N. W. 824; Hennessy v. Douglas County, 90 Wis. 129, 74 N. W. 9S3; Yard v. Ocean Beach Ass’n, 49 N. J. Eq. 300, 24 Atl. 729; Henderson v. Long, 11 Fed. Cas. 10S4; Yuba County v. Kate Hayes Min. Co., 141 Cal. 3G0, 74 Pac. 1049; United States v. St. Anthony It. Co.. 192 U. S. 524, 24 Sup. Ct. 333, 48 L. Ed. 54S. But see Miller v. Cabell, 81 Ky. 184; In re Sadler, 142 Pa. 511, 21 Atl. 978.","related":["ADYACENTE","IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT","CORTULARITJM, OR CORTARITTM","COAST WATERS","CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT","PUBLIC BEACH","BEACH","COURT OF CLAIMS","FARDEL OF LAND","AREA"]}
{"title":"ADJUDICATEE","definition":"In French and civil law. The purchaser at a judicial sale. Brent v. New Orleans, 41 La. Ann. 109S, 0 South. 793.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Contracts I","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"ADMEASUREMENT OF\nPASTURE","definition":"In English law. A writ which lies between those that have common of pasture appendant, or by vicinage, in cases where any one or more of them surcharges the common with more cattle than they ought. Bract, fol. 229a; 1 Crabb, Real Prop, p. 318,","related":["COMMON OF\nPASTURE","PASTURE","ADMEASUREMENT, WRIT OF","ADMEASUREMENT","ADMEASUREMENT OF DOWER","SHACK","ADVOWSON APPENDANT","DE SUPERONERATIONE PAS- TUR","GRESSUME","DE CURIA CLAUDENDA"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATRIX","definition":"A female who administers, or to whom letters of administration have been granted.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Contracts I","Patent Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"ADM’R","definition":"This abbreviation will be Judicially presumed to mean “administrator.” Moseley v. Mastin, 37 Ala. 210, 221.","related":["UXORICIDE","H","OYEZ","TWICE IN JEOPARDY","S P","M D","C B","N","S C","OMNIA PERFORMAVIT"]}
{"title":"ADRIFT","definition":"Sea-weed, between high and low water-mark, which has not been deposited on the shore, and which during flood-tide is moved by each rising and receding wave, is adrift, although the bottom* of the mass may touch the beach. Anthony v. Gifford, 2 Allen (Mass.) 549.","related":["BEACH","LOW WATER","BATTURE","FLODE-MARK","TINNELLUS","SHORE","FLOUD-MARKE","D WHARF","ADJACENT","IMPLEMENTS"]}
{"title":"ADULTERY","definition":"Adultery is the voluntary sexual intercourse of a married person with a person other than the offender’s husband or wife. Civil Code Cal.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Family Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE PARTY","definition":"An “adverse party” entitled to notice of appeal is every party whose interest in relation to the judgment or decree appealed from is in conflict with the modification or reversal sought by the appeal; every party interested in sustaining the judgment or decree, llarrigan v. Gilchrist, 121 Wis. 127. 09 N. W. 909; Moody v. Miller, 24 Or. 179, 33 Pac. 402; Mohr v. Byrne. 132 Cal. 250. 04 Pac. 257; Fitzgerald v. Cross, 30 Ohio St. 444; In re Clarke, 74 Minn. 8. 70 N. W. 790; Herriman v. Menzies. 115 Cal. 16, 44 Pac. 660, 35 L. R. A. 318, 56 Am. St Rep. 81.","related":["Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence","California Civil Procedure","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ARETRO","definition":"In arrear; behind. Also written a retro.","related":["REDDENS CAUSAM SCIENTIO","BACK, ADV","SECOND DISTRESS","NON TENUIT","CORRESPONDENCE","SYNGRAPH","CHECK STUB","DOCUMENTS","ABSTRACT","CONFIRMED RESERVATION"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","definition":"Argumentum a simili valet in lege.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","IN SIMILI MATERIA","VALET","CUM QUOD AGO NON VALET UT AGO, VALEAT QUANTUM VALERE POTEST","EX LEGE","CONDICTIO EX LEGE"]}
{"title":"ARMA IN ARMATOS SUMERE JURA SINNNT","definition":"The laws permit the taking up of arms against armed persons. 2 Inst. 574.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Law Torts","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ARRAMEUR","definition":"In old French law. An officer employed to superintend the loading of vessels, and the safe stowage of the cargo. 1 Pet. Adm. Append. XXV.","related":["STEVEDORE","SACQUIER","ENROLLMENT OF VESSELS","INBOARD","BREAKBULK SHIP","STEAMSHIP LINE","FREE IN LINER OUT (FILO)","ROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF (RO-RO)","STOWPLAN","STEVEDORING"]}
{"title":"ARRESTO FACTO SUPER BONIS MERCATORUM ALIENIGENORUM","definition":"In old English law. A writ against the goods of aliens found within this kingdom, in recompense of goods taken from a denizen in a foreign country, after denial of restitution. Reg. Orig. 129. The ancient civilians called it “clarigatio,” but by the moderns it is termed “reprisalia.”","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I","Remedies","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ARSURA","definition":"The trial of money by heating it after it was coined. The loss of weight occasioned by this pro cess. A pound was said to burn so many pence (tot ardere dcnarios) as it lost by the fire. Spelman. The term is now obsolete.","related":["POUND","POUNDAGE","LACTA L","GROUP I RATES","AS","LIBRA","LUSHBOROW","BURN","PUNDBRECH","CLASS-D FIRE"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION","definition":"The instrument by which a private corporation is formed and organized under general corporation laws. People v. Golden Gate Lodge, 128 Cal. 257, 00 Pne. S65.","related":["FILING ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION","CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","INCORPORATION","INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE","ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION","ARTICLES OF\nCONFEDERATION","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES"]}
{"title":"ARTICULI SUPER CHARTAS","definition":"Articles upon the charters. The title of a statute passed in the twenty-eighth year of Edward I. st. 3, confirming or enlarging many particulars in Magna dliarta, and the Charta de Foresta, and appointing a method for enforcing the observance of them, and for the punishment of offenders. 2 Reeve, Hist. Eng. Law, 103, 233.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Property Law","Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"ASCENDANTS","definition":"Persons with whom one is related in the ascending line; one’s parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, etc","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Family Law","Civil Law Torts","Trust and Will","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ASSAYER","definition":"One whose business it is to make assays of the precious metals.","related":["ASSAYER OF THE KING","AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT","AVOIRDUPOIS","BULLION FUND","MONETARY RESERVE","MINING","COMMODITY DERIVATIVE","PLACER","COMMODITY FUTURE","NEW YORK MERCANTILE EXCHANGE (NYMEX)"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT DISTRICT","definition":"In taxation. Any subdivision of territory, whether the whole or part of any municipality, in which by law a separate assessment of taxable property is made by the officers elected or appointed therefor. Rev. Stat. Wis. 1S98.","related":["ASSESSMENT","ELECTION DISTRICT","RECLAMATION DISTRICT","DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA","MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT (MUD)","DISTRICT","ASSESSMENT ROLL IN TAXATION","EXCESSIVE ASSESSMENT","ASSESSMENT FUND","ASSESSMENT COMPANY"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF DOWER","definition":"Ascertaining a widow’s right of dower by laying out or marking off one-third of her “deceased husband’s lands, and setting off the same for her use during life. Bettis v. Mc- Nider, 137 Ala. 588. 34 South. 813, 97 Am. St. Rep. 59.","related":["ADMEASUREMENT OF DOWER","DOWER UNDE NIHIL HABET","TENANT IN DOWER","WRIT OF DOWER","DOWER","NE UNQUES SEISE QUE DOWER","DOWER EX ASSENSU PATRIS","DOWER DE LA PLUIS BELLE","DOWER BY COMMON LAW","ESTABLISHMENT OF DOWER"]}
{"title":"ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE","definition":"Assise of bread and ale, or beer. The name of a statute passed in the fifty-first year of Henry III., containing regulations for the sale of bread and ale; sometimes called the “statute of bread and ale.” Co. Litt. 1596; 2 Reeve, Hist. Eng. Law, 56; Cowell; Bract, fol. 155.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","EMENDATIO PANIS ET CEREVISISE","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ASSISORS","definition":"In Scotch law. Jurors; the persons who formed that kind of court which in Scotland was called an “assise,” for the purpose of inquiring into and judging divers civil causes, such as perambulations, cognitions, molestations, purprestures, and other matters; like jurors in England. Holthouse.","related":["JUSTICIAR","ADVOCATE","ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS","MARCHES","IMPANEL","NOMINATING AND REDUCING","COURT OF HONOR","CRIER","MEETING","INTAKERS"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION","definition":"The act or agreement of assuming or taking upon one’s self; the undertaking or adoption of a debt or obligation primarily resting upon another, as where the purchaser of real estate “assumes” a mortgage resting upon it in which case he adopts the mortgage debt as his own and becomes personally liable for its payment. Eggleston v. Morrison, 84 111. App. 631; Locke v. Homer, 131 Mass. 93, 41 Am. Rep. 199; Springer v. De Wolf, 194 111. 218, 62 N. E. 542, 56 L. R. A. 465, 88 Am. St Rep. 155; Lenz v. Railroad Co., Ill Wis. 198, 86 N. W. 607. The difference between the purchaser of land assuming a mortgage on it and simply buying subject to the mortgage, is that in the former case he makes himself personally liable for the payment of the mortgage debt, while in the lat ter case he does not. Hancock v. Fleming, 103 Ind. 533, 3 N. E. 254; Braman v. Dowse, 12 Cush. (Mass.) 227. Where one “assumes” a lease, he takes to himself the obligations, contracts, agreements, and benefits to which the other contracting party was entitled under the terms of the lease. Cincinnati, etc., R. Co. v. Indiana, etc., R. Co., 44 Ohio St. 287, 314, 7 N. EX 152.","related":["ASSUMPTION FEE","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","HOMOGENEOUS EXPECTATIONS ASSUMPTION","WORKOUT ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION ENDORSEMENT","RISK ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF RISK","ASSUMPTION OF MORTGAGE","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS"]}
{"title":"AT ARM’S LENGTH","definition":"Beyond the reach of personal influence or control. Parties are said to deal “at arm’s length” when each stands upon the strict letter of his rights, and conducts the business in a formal manner, without trusting to the other’s fairness or integrity, and without being subject to the other’s control or overmastering influence.","related":["ARM’S LENGTH PRICE","BIT LENGTH","LENGTH OF STAY","LENGTH OF SERVICE","LENGTH AND GIRTH","WAVE LENGTH","PROGRAM LENGTH COMMERCIAL","CONTRACT CLAUSE","PARTNERING","CONTACT"]}
{"title":"ATTACH","definition":"To take or apprehend by commandment of a writ or precept Buckeye Pipe- Line Co. v. Fee, 62 Ohio St 543, 57 N. E. 446, 78 Am. St Rep. 743. It differs from arrest, because it takes not only the body, but sometimes the goods, whereas an arrest is only against the person; besides, he who attaches keeps the party attached in order to produce him in court on the day named, but he who arrests lodges the person arrested in the custody of a higher power, to be forthwith disposed of. Fleta, lib. 5, c. 24. See ATTACHMENT. Attaching; creditor. See CBEDITOB.","related":["COMMERCIAL ATTACH","AERSST","ATTACHMENT","CAPIAS","WARRANT OF ARREST","PROFERT IN CURIA L","COMMITTITUR","REATTACHMENT","MAINPERNOR","CONSIGN"]}
{"title":"ATTENTAT","definition":"Lat. He attempts. In the civil and canon law. Anything wrongfully innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge, (or judge a quo,) pending an appeal. 1 Addams, 22, note; Shelf. Mar. \u0026 Div. 502.","related":["PREVENTION","LITIS CONTESTATIO","INHIBITION","TRANS ACTIO","RECON VENIRE","AD LITEM","CERTIORARI, BILL OF","APOSTOLI","DECRETALS","CASSATION, COURT OF"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY AD HOC","definition":"See AD Hoc.","related":["ATTORNEY (ATTORNEY AT LAW)","ATTORNEY AT LAW","ATTORNEY","PUBLIC ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY’S LIEN","LETTER OF\nATTORNEY","ATTORNEY’S FEE AWARDS","POWER-OF-ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY-IN-FACT","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY"]}
{"title":"AUCTOR","definition":"In the Roman law. An auctioneer. In the civil law. A grantor or vendor of any kind. In old French law. A plaintiff. Kel- ham.","related":["QUIDAM","ORACDLUM","DROIT ECRIT","DEPORTATIO","EXCEPTIO","INSTANCE","RACHAT","CONVENTUS JURLDICNS","BONA LAT N","NAPOLEONIC LAW"]}
{"title":"APPRENDRE","definition":"A fee or profit taken or received. Cowell.","related":["APPRUARE","INBLAURA","APPOSAL OF SHERIFFS","VIVA PECUNIA","ASSAYER OF THE KING","RESERVATION","APPARATOR","CORONARE FILIUM","RENT","INTAKERS"]}
{"title":"APPROVED INDORSED NOTES","definition":"Notes indorsed by another person than the maker, for additional security.","related":["Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"AQUA CURRENS","definition":"Running water.","related":["VIVA AQUA","AQUA PROFLUENS","AQUA","AQUA QNOTIDIANA","AQUA CEDIT SOLO","AQUA SESTIVA","AQUA FONTANEA","AQUA SALSA","AQUA DULCIS, OR FRISCA","IN AQUA MANU"]}
{"title":"ARATOR","definition":"A plow-man; a farmer of arable laud.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","NEMO PUNITDR","Evidence 2","Patent Law","ARATRUM TERRA","AFFRI","Torts (Selmi)","SHACK"]}
{"title":"ARBITRIUM","definition":"The decision of an arbiter, or arbitrator; an award; a judgment.","related":["ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM","ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM BONI VIRI, SECUNDUM AEQUUM ET BONUM","NULLUM ARBITRIUM","NULLUM FECERUNT ARBITRIUM","IN ARBITRIUM JUDICIS","ARBITRATOR","ARBITER","UMPIRAGE","LETTER OF AWARD","RUSTICUM JUDICIUM"]}
{"title":"ARCHETYPE","definition":"The original copy.","related":["Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Patent Law","DUPLICATE","Nonprofit Corporate Law","TRASLADO","REFERENCE COPY","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","RECORD COPY"]}
{"title":"ARGENT","definition":"In heraldry. Silver.","related":["ARGENTIIM ALBUM","BASE BULLION","AZURE","CREST","VEIN","BULLION","OR","PURPURE, or PORPRIN","LODE","TENNE"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","definition":"An argument drawn from an impossibility is forcible in law. Co. Litt. 92a.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A COMMUNITER ACCIDEN- TIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST","VALET","CUM QUOD AGO NON VALET UT AGO, VALEAT QUANTUM VALERE POTEST","EX LEGE","CONDICTIO EX LEGE"]}
{"title":"ARMED","definition":"A vessel is “armed” when she is fitted with a full armament for fighting purposes. She may be equipped for warlike purposes, without being “armed.” By “armed” it is ordinarily meant that she has cannon, but if she had a fighting crew, muskets, pistols, powder, shot, cutlasses, and boarding appliances, she might well be said to be equipped for warlike purposes, though not armed. 2 Hurl. \u0026 C. 537; Murray v. The Charming Betsy, 2 Cranch, 121, 2 L. Ed. 208.","related":["ARMED ROBBERY","ARMED FORCE","RIDING ARMED","NON-COMBATANT","PRIVATEER","LUMBER","BOARDING-HOUSE","EXERCITUS","HARNESS","MALVEISA"]}
{"title":"ARRAY","definition":"The whole body of jurors summoned to attend a court, as they are arrayed, or arranged on the panel. Dane, Abr. Index; 1 Chit. Crim. Law, 5.1","related":["CHALLENGE TO THE\nARRAY","COMMISSION OF ARRAY","REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS (RAID)","PANEL","IMPANEL","VENIREMAN","TALES","OCTO TAXES","DECEM TALES","POLLS"]}
{"title":"ARRETTED","definition":"Charged; charging. The convening a person charged with a crime before a judge. Staundef. P. C. 45. It is used sometimes for imputed or laid unto; as no folly may be arretted to one under age. Cowell.","related":["CONFESSION","DEBIT","BODY OF THE OFFENSE","APPOSAL OF SHERIFFS","WARRANT BENCH","IN JEOPARDY 1","OFFICIAL","COMPURGATOR","DYING DECLARATIONS","SONTAGE"]}
{"title":"ART, WORDS OF","definition":"Words used in a technical sense; words scientifically fit to carry the sense assigned them.","related":["APT WORDS","WORDS","WORDS OF ART","OPERATIVE WORDS","WORDS OF PURCHASE","WORDS OF PROCREATION","INJURIOUS WORDS","WORDS OF SEVERANCE","WORDS OF LIMITATION","OPERATIVE WORDS,"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF RELIGION","definition":"In English ecclesiastical law. Commonly called the “Thirty- Nine Articles;” a body of divinity drawn up by the convocation in 1502. and confirmed by James I.","related":["ARTICLES OF FAITH","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF UNION","ARTICLES OF WAR","RELIGION","FREEDOM OF RELIGION","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICER","definition":"One who buys goods in order to reduce them, by his own art or industry, into other forms, and then to sell them. Lansdale v. Brashear, 3 T. B. Mou. (Ky.) 335. One who is actually and personally engaged or employed to do work of a mechanical or physical character, not including one who takes contracts for labor to be performed by others. Ingram v. Barnes, 7 El. \u0026 Bl. 135; Chawner v. Cummings, 8 Q. B. 321. One who is master of his art, and whose employment consists chiefly in manual labor. Wharton; Cunningham.","related":["LABOR","MANURE","PROFITS","MANUFRETIUM","MAYNOVER L","BEWARED O","SIGNET","MANUAL","BLOOD","HIRING"]}
{"title":"ASCENT","definition":"Passage upwards; the transmission of an estate from the ancestor to the heir in the ascending line. See 4 Kent, Comm. 393, 397.","related":["ASCEND","INHERITANCE","REAL ASSETS","ASTITRARIUS HJERES","CONSANGUINITY","L9 SUDDEN HEAT OF PASSION","HEIR","ANNUS DELIBERANDI","SUCCESSION","TRANSITUS"]}
{"title":"AIELESSE","definition":"A Norman French term signifying “grandmother.” Kelham.","related":["JETJ","MEASE, or MESE","ATA VIA","PRIMER","TRITAVIA","JOUR","DEBITUM SINE BREVI","NORMAN FRENCH","COVENABLE","MATERNA MATERNIS"]}
{"title":"ALBA FIRM A","definition":"In old English law. White rent; rent payable in silver or white money, as distinguished from that which was anciently paid in corn or provisions, called black mail, or black rent. Spelman; Keg. Orig. 3196.","related":["WHITE RENTS","FIRM","LAW FIRM","SECURITIES FIRM","FIRM QUOTE","FIRM OFFER","FIRM COMMITMENT","FIRM ANOMALIES","CONGLOMERATE FIRM","THEORY OF THE FIRM"]}
{"title":"ALE-CONNER","definition":"In old English law. An officer appointed by the court-leet, sworn to look to the assise and goodness of ale and beer within the precincts of the leet. Kitch. Courts, 40; Whisliaw. An officer appointed in every court-leet, and sworn to look to the assise of bread, ale, or beer within the precincts of that lordship. Cowell.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Investigations)"]}
{"title":"ALIAS DICTUS","definition":"“Otherwise called.” This phrase (or its shorter and more usual form, alias,) when placed between two names in a pleading or other paper indicates that the same person is known by both those names. A fictitious name assumed by a person is colloquially termed an “alias.” Ferguson v. State. 134 Ala. 63, 32 South. 760, 92 Am. St. Rep. 17; Turns v. Com., 6 Mete. (Mass.) 235; Kennedy v. People, 1 Cow. Or. Rep. (N. Y.) 119.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ALIENEE","definition":"One to whom an alienation, conveyance, or transfer of property Is made.","related":["TRANSFER, n","ALIENATE","ALIENOR","PASSING OF TITLE","SECONDARY CONVEYANCES","GIFT","GIVE","ALIENABLE","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT"]}
{"title":"ALIUD EXAMEN","definition":"A different or foreign mode of trial. 1 Hale; Com. Law, 38.","related":["AD ALIUD EXAMEN","ALIUD EST DISTINCTIO, ALIUD SEPARATIO","EXAMEN","ALIND EST VENDERE, ALIUD VENDENTI CON- SENTIRE","PIX","MODE","ADAPTIVE MODE","DECLINATORY PLEA","MIXTUM IMPERIUM","ENTREPRENEURIAL MODE"]}
{"title":"ALLEGIANCE","definition":"Ry allegiance is meant the obligation of fidelity and obedience which the individual owes to the government under which he lives, or to his sovereign in return for the protection he receives. It may be an absolute and permanent obligation, or it may be a qualified and temporary one. The citizen or subject owes an absolute and permanent allegiance to his government or sovereign, or at least until, by some open and distinct act, he renounces it and becomes a citizen or subject of another government or another sovereign. The alien, while domiciled in the country, owes a local and temporary allegiance, which continues during the period of his residence. Carlisle v. U. S","related":["NATURAL ALLEGIANCE","LOCAL ALLEGIANCE","OATH OF ALLEGIANCE","LIGEANCE","ALIEN ENEMY","FOREIGNER","SUBJECT","DECLARATION OF INTENTION","IN AMERICAN LAW","INTERNATIONAL COMMERCESee \nCOMMERCE \nINTERNATIONAL LAW"]}
{"title":"ALLOGRAPH","definition":"A document not written by any of the parties thereto; opposed to autograph.","related":["DEED","INDENT, v","INSTRUMENT INTER PARTES","FOR VALUE RECEIVED","CHECK ENDORSEMENT","PAPER","USAGE","STRANGERS","AMICABLE","CROSS-COMPLAINT"]}
{"title":"ALMANAC","definition":"A publication, in which Is recounted the days of the week, month, and year, both common and particular, distinguishing the fasts, feasts, terms, etc., from the common days by proper marks, pointing out also the several changes of the moon, tides, eclipses, etc.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Labor Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Trademark Law"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIM","definition":"L. Lat. Interchangeably. Litt","related":["NEMO PUNITDR","Comparative Constitutional Law","REGULAR ELECTION","COMMERCE","OMNIBUS BILL","RECUPERATIO","Property Law – 2","QUESTUS EST NOBIS","DOS RATIONABILIS","BOROUGH"]}
{"title":"AMBASCIATOR","definition":"A person sent about In the service of another; a person sent on a service. A word of frequent occurrence in the writers of the middle ages. Spelman.","related":["Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Civil Law Torts","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"AMBULATORY","definition":"Movable; revocable; subject to change. Ambulatoria voluntas (a changeable will) denotes the power which a testator possesses of altering his will during his life-time. Hattersley v. Bissett, 50 N. J. Eq. 577, 25 Atl. 332. The court of king’s bench in England was formerly called an “ambulatory court,” because it followed the king’s person, and was held sometimes in one place and sometimes In another. So, in Prance, the supreme court or parliament was originally ambulatory. 3 Bl. Comm. 33, 30, 41. The return of a sheriff has been said to be ambulatory until it is filed. Wilmot, J., 3 Burr. 1644.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"AMICABLE COMPOUNDERS","definition":"In Louisiana law and practice. “There are two sorts of arbitrators,","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"AMOUNT OF LOSS","definition":"In insurance. The diminution, destruction, or defeat of the value of, or of the charge upon, the insured subject to the assured, by the direct consequence of the operation of the risk insured against, according to its value in the policy, or in contribution, for loss, so far as its value is covered by the insurance.","related":["TOTAL LOSS","AMOUNT AT RISK","AMOUNT COVERED","DIRECT LOSS","CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS","FIRST LOSS","CAUSE OF LOSS FORM","STOP LOSS REINSURANCE","LOSS ADJUSTOR","LOSS ASSESSOR"]}
{"title":"ANATHEMA","definition":"An ecclesiastical punishment by which a person is separated from the body of the church, and forbidden all intercourse with the members of the same.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT WATER-COURSE","definition":"A water-course is “ancient” if the channel through which it naturally runs has existed from time immemorial independent of the quantity of water which it discharges. Earl v. De Ilart. 12 N. .T. Eq. 280. 72 Am. Dec. 305.","related":["Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law","WATER-COURSE","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"ANGLICE","definition":"In English. A term formerly used in pleading when a thing is described both in Latin and English, inserted immediately after the Latin and as an introduction of the English translation.","related":["AUTHENTICS","KAST","REFINEMENT","INDUCEMENT","COLOR","IN WITNESS WHEREOF","CLERKSHIP","DENIER A DIEU","NO GOODS","SCIENDUM"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS DEFAMANDI","definition":"The intention of defaming. The phrase expresses the malicious intent which is essential in every ease of verbal injury to render it the subject of an action for libel or slander.","related":["ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS DONANDI","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS QUO","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS REVOEANDI","definition":"The intention to revoke.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANNIVERSARY","definition":"An annual day, in old ecclesiastical law, set apart in memory of a deceased person. Also called “year day” or “mind day.” Spelman.","related":["POLICY ANNIVERSARY","CONDEDIT","BONA MEMORIA","PROBATE","INTROMISSION","PROXY","MORTUARY","APOCRISARIUS","NON-VOLATILE MEMORY","IMMEMORIAL"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATI ECCLESIIE","definition":"A term used in the ecclesiastical law to denote the patrons of churches who presented to the living on an avoidance. This term was also applied to those who were retained to argue the cases of the church.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Property Law","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ADVOWSON DONATIVE","definition":"Where the patron has the right to put his clerk in possession by his mere gift, or deed of donation, without any presentation to the bishop, or institution by him. 2 Bl. Comm. 23; 1 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 131,","related":["Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Trust and Will","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AFFIANT","definition":"The person who makes and subscribes an affidavit. The word is used, in this sense, interchangeably with “deponent.” But the latter term should he reserved as the designation of one who makes a deposition.","related":["DEPONENT","WITNESS, n","DUTY","FORPRISE","DEPOSE","CHILDREN","NEXUM","AFFIRMANT","FORSWEAR","SESSION"]}
{"title":"AFFINIS MEI AFFINIS NON EST MIHI AFFINIS","definition":"One who is related by marriage to a person related to me by marriage has no affinity to me. Shelf. Mar. \u0026 Div. 174.","related":["Family Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"AFFIXUS","definition":"In the civil law. Affixed, fixed, or fastened to.","related":["FIXTURE","LABEL","CONVENTUS JURLDICNS","DEVTIi ON THE NECK","STOCKS","CASE BINDING","JACK","SEALED","UISDATE","SEAL CORPORATE"]}
{"title":"AFTER","definition":"Later, succeeding, subsequent to, inferior in point of time or of priority or preference.","related":["JUS OFFERENDI","PREFERENCE SHARES","PRIORITY","FIRST","POSTERIORITY","PREVIOUSLY","CLAWBACK","FIERDING COURTS","SUBSELLIA","PRIORITY BANKING"]}
{"title":"AGE PRAYER","definition":"A suggestion of nonage, made by an infant party to a real action, with a prayer that the proceedings may be deferred until his full age. It is now abolished. St. 11 Geo. IV.; 1 Wm. IV. c. 37,","related":["COMMON PRAYER","AID PRAYER","PRAYER","PRAYER OF PROCESS","CASE FOR MOTION","PETITIONER","PER QUa: SERVITIA","GRAND DISTRESS","ASSISE OF MORT D’ANCESTOR","PUPILLUS"]}
{"title":"AGGRIEVED","definition":"Having suffered loss or injury; damnified; Injured.","related":["AGGRIEVED PARTY","PARTY AGGRIEVED","COMPENSATORY AND EXEMPLARY DAMAGES","LESION","VEXATION","DAMNIFY","COMPENSATION","POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME","DETRIMENT","DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"AGRARIAN","definition":"Relating to land, or to a division or distribution of land; as an agrarian law.","related":["AGRARIAN LAWS","AGRARIAN LAW","STIPITAL","REAL","ELEEMOSYNARY","ALLOTMENT","APPORTIONMENT","TYRANNY","RUNNING LEASE","SECTION OF LAND"]}
{"title":"AGRI LIMITATI","definition":"In Roman law. Lauds belonging to the state by right of conquest, and granted or sold in plots. Sandars, Just. Inst. (5th Ed.) 98. In modern civil law. Lands whose boundaries are strictly limited by the lines of government surveys. Hardin v. Jordan, 140 U. S. 371, 11 Sup. Ct. 808, 35 L. Ed. 428.","related":["AGRI","CAPITULI AGRI","UNCIA AGRI, UNCIA TERR","CHAMBER SURVEYS","APEX RULE","FINIUM REGUNDORUM ACTIO","DE RATION ABIXIBUS DIVISIS","SECTION OF LAND","END LINES","COMMON OF PISCARY"]}
{"title":"AIRE","definition":"In old Scotch law. The court of the justices itinerant, corresponding with the English eyre, (q. v.) Skene de Verb. Sign, voc. Iter.","related":["ONCE IN JEOPARDY","OCHIERN","AYRE","HAIMHALDARE","DISPARAGIUM","HAMESECKEN","DITTAY","FOREST ARIUS","JUSTICIARII RESIDENTES","IN ITINERE"]}
{"title":"ALBINATUS","definition":"In old French law. The state or condition of an alien or foreigner.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"ALE-STAKE","definition":"A maypole or long stake driven into the ground, with a sign on it for the sale of ale. Cowell.","related":["GRUB STAKE","STAKE","PORTSAEE","EUROLIBOR","SUBHASTATIO","VESTA","GLEBARLX","FORURTH","INBLAURA","FRUSCA TERRA"]}
{"title":"ALIEN, N","definition":"A foreigner ; one born abroad; a person resident in one country, but owing allegiance to another. In England, one born out of the allegiance of the king. In the United States, one born out of the jurisdiction of the United States, and who has not been naturalized under their constitution and laws. 2 Kent, Comm. 50; Ex parte Dawson, 3 Bradf. Sur. (N. Y.) 130; Lynch v. Clarke. 1 Sandf. Ch. (N. Y.) 068; Lyons v. State, 67 Cal. 380, 7 Pac. 703.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Constitution of The United States of America","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Family Law","Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"AUTREFOIS","definition":"L. Fr. At another time; formerly; before; heretofore.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","AUTREFOIS CONVICT","AUTREFOIS ACQUIT","AUTREFOIS ATTAINT","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Professional Responsibility","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"AVENAGE","definition":"A certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to his landlord as rent, or in lieu of some other duties.","related":["NON-DISTURBANCE AGREEMENT","ASSURED TENANCY","WOOD-CORN","STEELBOtfr GOODS","LANDLORD","PARTIAL EVICTION","VEAL-MONEY","METAYER SYSTEM","HYPOTHEC","ASSIGNMENT OF LEASE"]}
{"title":"AVERSIO","definition":"In the civil law. An averting or turning away. A term applied to a species of sale in gross or bulk. Letting a house altogether, instead of in chambers. 4 Kent, Comm. 517.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AVOWRY","definition":"A pleading In the action of replevin, by which the defendant avoivs, that is, acknowledges, the taking of the distress or property complained of, where lie took It in his own right, and sets forth the reason of it; as for rent in arrear, damage done, etc. 3 Bl. Comm. 149; 1 Tidd. Pr. 045. Brown y. Bissett, 21 N. J. Law, 274; Hill v. Miller, 5 Serg. \u0026 R. (Pa.) 357. Avowry is the setting forth, as in a declaration, the nature and merits of the defendant’s case, showing that the distress taken by him was lawful, which must be done with such sufficient authority as will entitle him to a retor- no habendo. Hill v. Stocking, 6 Hill (N. Y.) 284. An avowry must be distinguished from a justification. The former species of plea admits the plaintiff’s ownership of the property, but alleges a right in the defendant sufficient to warrant him in taking the property and which still subsists. A justification, on the other hand, denies that the plaintiff had the right of property or possession in the subject-matter, alleging it to have been in the defendant or a third person, or avers a right sufficient to warrant the defendant in taking it, although such right has not continued in force to the time of making answer","related":["EXCEPTIO","DE INJURIA","FORTHCOMING BOND","RECAPTION","REPLICATION","NON DIMISIT","AVOW","NON TENUIT","PRECEUDI NON","PLEA IN DISCHARGE"]}
{"title":"AZURE","definition":"A term used in heraldry, signifying blue.","related":["OR","CREST","DIAZO PROCESS","MAJOR MARKET INDEX","PURPURE, or PORPRIN","PRIMARY COLORS","ESCAMBIUM","ARGENT","COMMUNIO BONORUM","AVET"]}
{"title":"ACTIO DE DOLO\nMALO","definition":"An action of fraud ; an action which lay for a defrauded person against the defrauder and his heirs, who had been enriched by the fraud, to obtain the restitution of the thing of which he had heen fraudulently deprived. with all its accessions (cum omni causa;) or. where this was not practicable, for compensation in damages. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["EX DOLO MALO","DE DOLO MALO","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO QUOD\nINETUS CAUSA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO VULGARIS","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO","CULPA LATA DOLO ASQUIPARATUR","ACTIO DAMNI INJURIA","FINIUM REGUNDORUM ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","definition":"An action under the Aquilian law; an action to recover damages for maliciously or injuriously killing or wounding the slave or beast of another, or injuring in any way a thing belonging to another. Otherwise called damni injuria; actio.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"ACTIO RERUM\nAMOTARUIN","definition":"An action for things removed; an action which, in cases of divorce, lay for a husband against a wife, to recover things carried away by the latter, in contemplation of such divorce. Dig. 25, 2; Id. 25, 2, 25, 30. It also lay for the wife against the husband in such cases. Id. 25, 2, 7, 11; Cod. 5, 21.","related":["AD RECTE DOCENDUM OPORTET, PRIMUM IN- QUIRERE NOMINA, QUIA RERUM COGNITIO A\nNOMINIBUS RERUM DEPENDET","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","EX STIPULATU ACTIO","ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","JUS RERUM","IN RERUM NATURA","ACTIO FURTI","DE ACQUIRE NDO RERUM DOMINIO","DE PIGNORE SURREPTO FURTI, ACTIO","ACTIO SERVIANA"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NON DATUR NON DAMNIFICATO","definition":"An action is not given to one who is not injured. Jenk. Cent. 09.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Civil Law Torts","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","ACTIO POENALIS IN HAEREDEM NON DATUR, NISI FORTE EX DAMNO LOCUPLETIOR LUCRES FACTUS\nSIT","Evidence 2","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","definition":"The breach or nonperformance of a legal duty, through neglect or carelessness, resulting in damage or injury to another. Roddy v. Missouri Pac. R. Co.. 104 Mo. 234. 15 S. W. 1112. 12 L. R. A. 740, 24 Am. St. Rep. 333; Boardman v. Creighton, 95 Me. 154, 49 Atl. 003; llale v. Grand Trunk R. Co., 00 Vt. C\u003e05. 15 Atl. 300. 1 L. R. A. 187: Fidelity \u0026 Casualty Co. v. Cutts. 95 Me. 102, 49 Atl. 073.","related":["ACTIONABLE","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE SUBSIDY","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE WORDS","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","NEGLIGENCE PER SE","NEGLIGENCE","NEGLIGENCE CONTRIBUTORY"]}
{"title":"ACTRIX","definition":"Lat A female actor; a female plaintiff. Calvin. Acts indicate the intention. 8 Co. 1406; Broom, Max. 301.","related":["REUS","ORATRIX","PULSATOR","LIBELLUS","VOLENS","RECON VENIRE","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMO","IMPUBES","INDEX"]}
{"title":"ACTUS INCEPTUS, CUJUS PERFECTIO PEN- DET EX VOLUNTATE PARTIUM, REVOCARI POTEST; SI\nAUTEM PENDET EX VOLUNTATE TER- TISE PERSONSE, VEL EX CONTINGENT!, REVOCARI NON POTEST","definition":"An act already begun, the completion of which depends on the will of the parties, may be revoked; but if it depend on the will of a third person, or on a contingency, it cannot be revoked. Bac. Max. reg. 20.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Contracts I","Civil Law Torts","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AD BARRAM","definition":"To the bar; at the bar. 3 How. State Tr. 112.","related":["PREMEDITATION","HEAT OF PASSION"]}
{"title":"AD EXHXREDATIONEM","definition":"To the disherison, or disinheriting; to the injury of the inheritance. Bract, fol. 15a; 3 Bl. Comm. 288. Formal words in the old writs of waste.","related":["EXH-aSREDATIO","DE VASTO","SI PRIUS","QUIA DATUM EST NOBIS INTELEI- \nGI","BAILIFFS OF HUNDREDS","ITA QUOD","PRSETERITTO","ET HABEAS IBI TUNC HOC BREVE","BREVIA DE\nENRSN","HANAPER"]}
{"title":"AD INDE","definition":"Thereunto. Ad inde rcqui- situs, thereunto required. Townsh. PI. 22.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","INDE","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law","ET INDE PRODUCIT SECTAM","IN CONSIDERATIONS INDE"]}
{"title":"AD MORDENDUM ASSUETUS","definition":"Accustomed to bite. Cro. Car. 254. A material D averment in declarations for damage done by a dog to persons or animals. 1 Chit. Pi. 388; 2 Chit. PI. 597.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Law Torts","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"AD REPARATIONEM ET SUSTEN- TATIONEM","definition":"For repairing and keeping in suitable condition.","related":["Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law (Estates and Future Interests, Edwards, 3rd Edition)","Secured Transactions","Civil Law Torts","Evidence","Contracts I","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AD VOLUNTATEM","definition":"At will. Bract fol. 27a. Ad voluntatem domini, at the will of the lord.","related":["TOLLDISH","FORNAGIUM","ANNO DOMINI","FALCARE","CONTRA PACEM","DOMINUS","ATTORN","MESNE","LARDING MONEY","AIDS"]}
{"title":"ADEO","definition":"Lat So, as. Adeo plene et in- tegre, as fully and entirely. 10 Coke, 65.","related":["COMPUTO LAT","QUANDO ACCIDERINT","DE BONIS PROPRIIS","DURANTE MINORE OETATE","FELONICE","BONI JUDICIS EST LITES DIRIMERE, NE LIS EX LITE ORITUR, ET INTEREST REIPUBLIEAE NT ?INT FINES\nLITINM","SERMENT","DOMNS PROCERUM","IMPULSE","TRANSCRIPTITIA"]}
{"title":"ADIT","definition":"In mining law. A lateral entrance or passage into a mine; the opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; a horizontal excavation in and along a lode. Electro- Magnetic M. \u0026 D. Co. v. Van Auken, 9 Colo. 204, 11 Pac. 80; Gray v. Truby, 6 Colo. 278.","related":["BAY","SPECTRUM","SOLENOID","AIR-WAY","GOEDA","MAGNETIC STRIPE","DRIFT","WELL, n","LATERAL THINKING","GRAND OPENING"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS QUO","definition":"The intent with which.","related":["ANIMUS DONANDI","ANIMUS DEFAMANDI","ANIMUS","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECUPERANDI","ANIMUS LUCRANDI","ANIMUS FURANDI","ANIMUS DEDICANDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANNEX","definition":"To add to; to unite; to attach one thing permanently to another. The word expresses the idea of joining a smaller or subordinate thing with another, larger, or of higher importance. In the law relating to fixtures, the expression “annexed to the freehold” means fastened to or connected with it; mere juxtaposition, or the laying of an object, however heavy, on the freehold, does not amount to annexation. Merritt v. Judd, 14 Cal. 64.","related":["CREDIT SUPPORT ANNEX (CSA)","ANNEXATION","FIXTURE","CONTRACT AUTHORITY","TENERE","FREEHOLD","LIBERUM TENEMENTUM","FACE","BRANCH RAILROAD","ADSCRIPTUS"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL PENSION","definition":"In Scotch law. A yearly profit or rent.","related":["ANNUAL RECEIPTS","TOP ANNUAL","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL VALUE","ANNUAL FEE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE (GAW)","ANNUAL DEPRECIATION","ANNUAL EARNINGS","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","definition":"A year is the duration of the motion by which a planet revolves through its orbit. Dig. 40, 7, 4, 5; Calvin.; Bract. 3596.","related":["Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Comparative Constitutional Law","California Civil Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Civil Procedure","ANNUS"]}
{"title":"ANTE NATUS","definition":"Born before. A person born before another person or before a particular event. The term is particularly applied to one born in a country before a revolution, change of government or dynasty, or other political event, such that the question of his rights, status, or allegiance will depend upon the date of his birth with reference to such event. In England, the terra commonly denotes one born before the act of union with Scotland; in America, one born before the declaration of independence. Its opposite is post natus, one born after the event.","related":["Labor Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY","definition":"The damages claimed or relief demanded; the amount claimed or sued for. Smith v. Giles, 05 Tex. 341 : Barber v. Kennedv, 18 Minn. 210, (Gil. 196;) Railroad Co. v. Cunnigan, 95 Tex. 439. 67 S. W. 888.","related":["CONTROVERSY","SEPARABLE CONTROVERSY","AMOUNT","PRESENT VALUE (PV) OF A FUTURE AMOUNT","STATED AMOUNT","FACE AMOUNT","AMOUNT REALIZED","AGREED AMOUNT CLAUSE","AMOUNT AT RISK","AMOUNT COVERED"]}
{"title":"ANARCHY","definition":"The destruction of government: lawlessness; the absence of all political government; by extension, confusion in government. See Spies v. People, 122 111. 1, 253, 12 N. E. 8G5, 3 Am. St. Rep. 320; Lewis v. Daily News Co., 81 Md. 460, 32 Atl. 240, 29 L. R. A. 59; People v. Most, 3G Misc. Rep. 139, 73 N. Y. Supp. 220; Von Gerichten v. Seitz, 94 App. Div. 130, 87 N. Y. Supp. 90S.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law","Trust and Will","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT WALL","definition":"A wall built to be used, and in fact used, as a party- wall, for more than twenty years, by the express permission and continuous acquiescence of the owners of the land on which it stands. Eno v. Del Vecchio. 4 Duer (N. Y.) 53, 03.","related":["PARTY WALL","WALL","BERLIN WALL","ANCIENT LIGHTS","DEMISING WALL","ANCIENT WRITINGS","ANCIENT DOCUMENTS","ANCIENT DEED","HELOWE-WALL","CHINESE WALL"]}
{"title":"ANGLESCHERIA","definition":"In old English law. Engiishery; the fact of being an Englishman. Angliae jura in omni casu libertatis dant favorem. The laws of England in every case of liberty are favorable, (favor liberty in all cases.) Fortes, c. 42.","related":["IN FAVOREM VIT","PARTUS","LIBERTIES","ALIENATIO LICET PROHIBEATUR, CONSENSU TAMEN OMNIUM","AD EA QUAE FREQUENTIUS ACCIDUNT JURA ADAPTANTUR","IN DORSO","IN CASU PROVISO","FREEDOM","IN FAVOREM LIBERTATIS","IN NOTIS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS DEDICANDI","definition":"The intention of donating or dedicating","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS REVERTENDI","definition":"The intention of returning. A man retains his domicile if he leaves it animo rcvertrndi. In re Miller’s Estate, 3 Rawle (Pa.) 312. 24 Am. Dec. 345 ; 4 Bl. Comm. 225; 2 Russ. Crimes, 18: Poph. 42. 52; 4 Coke, 40. Also, a term employed in the civil law, in expressing the rule of ownership in tamed animals.","related":["ANIMALIA FERA, SI FACTA SINT MANSUETA ET EX CONSUETUDINE EUNT ET REDEUNT, VOLANT ET\nREVOLANT, UT CERVI, CYGNI, ETC, EO USQUE NOSTRA SUNT, ET ITA INTELLIGUNTUR QUAMDIU\nBABUERUNT ANIMUM REVERTENDI","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS","ANIMUS QUO","ANIMUS CANCELLANDI","ANIMUS DIFFERENDI","ANIMUS DONANDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS TESTANDI"]}
{"title":"ANNIENTED","definition":"Made null, abrogated, frustrated, or brought to nothing. Litt c. 3,","related":["RESCISSION","RECUPERATIO","REPEAX","MONSTER","CONSUETUDO MERCATOR- UIN","NON-PLEVIN","EXCUSATOR","BENEDICTA EST EXPOSITIO QNANDO RES REDIMITUR A DESTRNCTIONE","ANIENS, OR ANIENT","VOIDED CHECK"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY","definition":"A yearly sum stipulated to be paid to another in fee, or for life, or years, and chargeable ohly on the person of the grantor. Co. Litt. ‘1446. An annuity is different from a rent-charge, with which it is sometimes coufouuded, the annuity being chargeable on the person merely, and so far personalty; while a rentcharge is something reserved out of realty, or fixed as a burden upon an estate in land. 2 Bl. Comm. 40; Rolle, Abr. 220; Ilorton v. Cook, 10 Watts (Pa.) 127, 30 Am. Dec. 151. The contract of annuity is that by which one party delivers to another a sum of money, and agrees not to reclaim it so long as the receiver pays the rent agreed upon. This annuity may be either perpetual or for life. Civ. Code La. arts. 2793, 2794. The name of an action, now disused, (L. I.at. brcrv de annuo redditu,) which lay for the recovery of an annuity. Reg. Orig. 1586; Bract, l’ol. 2036; 1 Tidd, Tr. 3.","related":["PERPETUAL ANNUITY","ANNUITY CERTAIN","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","LIFE ANNUITY","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","CASH REFUND ANNUITY","DEFERRED GROUP ANNUITY","SURVIVORSHIP ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","SINGLE LIFE ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANOMALOUS PLEA","definition":"One which is partly affirmative and partly negative. Baldwin v. Elizabeth, 42 X. J. E","related":["PLEA ANOMALOUS","ANOMALOUS","ANOMALOUS INJLORSER","PLEA","PLEA IN BAR","PLEA BAD","PLEA PURE","PLEA IN DISCHARGE","NONISSUABLE PLEA","TAKING A PLEA"]}
{"title":"ANTHROPOMETRY","definition":"In criminal law and medical jurisprudence. The measurement of the human body; a system of measuring the dimensions of the human body, both absolutely and in their proportion to each other, the facial, cranial, and other angles, the shape and size of the skull, etc., for purposes of comparison with corresponding measurements of other individuals, and serving for the identification of the subject in cases of doubtful or disputed identity. See BERTILLON SYSTEM.","related":["COMPARISON OF HANDWRITING","BERTILLON SYSTEM","MEASUREMENT ERROR","GAUGE REPEATABILITY \u0026 REPRODUCIBILITY (GR\u0026R)","CASE LAW","ANALOGY","COMPARATIO LITERARUM","JURISPRUDENCE","INCISED WOUND","RELIABILITY COEFFICIENT"]}
{"title":"APATISATIO","definition":"An agreement or compact. Du Cange.","related":["Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Family Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Contracts I (Hillman)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Terms of Service"]}
{"title":"APOPLEXY","definition":"In medical jurisprudence. The failure of consciousness and suspension of voluntary motion from suspension of the functions of the cerebrum.","related":["AURA EPILEPTIC A","FIT","SHOCK","MERE MOTION","FUNCTIONAL DISEASE","A P N , \n","CONSENT OF SPOUSE","SOFTWARE RELIABILITY","CONCEPTION","BREATH"]}
{"title":"APPARENT\nMATURITY","definition":"The apparent maturity of a negotiable instrument payable at a particular time is the day on which, by its terms, it becomes due. or, when tliat is a holiday, the next business day. Civil tiode Cal.","related":["MATURITY VALUE","MATURITY MIX","AVERAGE MATURITY","MATURITY MATCHING","FINAL MATURITY DATE","APPARENT AGENCY","REASONABLE CARE TO CHECK APPARENT AUTHENTICITY","REVERSE TO MATURITY","WEIGHTED AVERAGE MATURITY (WAM)","MATURITY MISMATCH"]}
{"title":"APPELLATE COURT","definition":"A court having jurisdiction of appeal and review ; a court to which causes are removable by appeal, certiorari, or error.","related":["APPELLATE JURISDICTION","COURT ABOVE, COURT BELOW","COURT OF ERROR","COURT FOR THE CORRECTION OF ERRORS","APPELLATE","COURT OF DELEGATES","SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE","COURT OF JUSTICIARY","COURT OF EXCHEQUER CHAMBER","DUCHY COURT OF LANCASTER"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION","definition":"A putting to, placing before, preferring a request or petition to or before a person. The act of making a request for something. A written request to have a certain quantity of land at or near a certain specified place. Biddle v. Dougal, 5 Bin. (Pa.) 151. The use or disposition made of a thing. A bringing together, in order to ascertain some relation or establish some connection; as the application of a rule or principle to a case or fact. In. insurance. The preliminary request, declaration, or statement made by a party applying for an insurance on life, or against fire. Of purchase money. The disposition made of the funds received by a trustee on a sale of real estate held under the trust. Of payments. Appropriation of a payment to some particular debt; or the determination to which of several demands a general payment made by a debtor to his creditor shall be applied.","related":["LOAN APPLICATION","STATEMENT OF SOURCES AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS","APPLICATION FOR PAYMENT","APPLICATION OF FUNDS","APPLICATION SERVER","DEMING APPLICATION PRIZE","LEGACY APPLICATION","APPLICATION PROGRAM","TURNKEY APPLICATION","WEB BASED APPLICATION"]}
{"title":"APPREHENSIO","definition":"Lat. In the civil and old English law. A taking hold of a person or thing; apprehension ; the seizure or capture of a person. Calvin. One of the varieties or subordinate forms of occupatio, or the mode of acquiring title to things not belonging to any one.","related":["CAPTURE","SPECIFICATIO","SEMITA","OCCUPANCY","AERSST","APPREHENSION","SEQUESTER, v","TRADITIO","USUARIUS","DETENTIO"]}
{"title":"APPROVAL","definition":"The act of a judge or magistrate in sanctioning and accepting as satisfactory a bond, security, or other instrument which is required by law to pass bis inspection and receive his approbation before it becomes operative.","related":["APPROVAL BASIS","PRE-APPROVAL","APPROVAL AUTHORITY","SALE-ON-APPROVAL","SALE ON APPROVAL A","JUSTIFICATION AND APPROVAL","APPROVAL PROOF","PRIOR APPROVAL RATING FORMS","MORTGAGE BACKED BOND","CALLABLE BOND"]}
{"title":"AQUA","definition":"In the civil and old English law. Water; sometimes a stream or water-course.","related":["VIVA AQUA","AQUA QNOTIDIANA","AQUA CEDIT SOLO","AQUA SESTIVA","AQUA PROFLUENS","AQUA FONTANEA","AQUA SALSA","AQUA CURRENS","AQUA DULCIS, OR FRISCA","IN AQUA MANU"]}
{"title":"ARAHO","definition":"In feudal law. To make oath in the church or some other holy place. All oaths were made in the church upon the relics of saints, according to the Ripuarian laws. Cowell; Spelman.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Criminal Procedure","Constitutional Law","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ARBITRATOR","definition":"A private, disinterested person, chosen by the parties to a disputed question, for the purpose of hearing their contention, and giving judgment between them; to whose decision (award) the litigants submit themselves either voluntarily, or, in some cases, coinpulsorily, by order of a court. Gordon v. U. S., 7 Wall. 195, 19 L. Ed. 35; Mobile v. Wood (C. C.) 95 Fed. 538; Burchell v. Marsh, 17 IIow. 349, 15 L. Ed. 90; Miller v. Canal Co., 53 Barb. (N. Y.) 595; Fudickar v. Insurance Co., 02 N. Y. 399. “Referee” is of frequent modern use as a synonym of arbitrator, but is in its origin of broader signification and less accurate than arbitrator.","related":["Nonprofit Corporate Law","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Criminal Procedure","Professional Responsibility","Secured Transactions","First Amendment","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Protecting Your Financial Future: The Complete Guide to Insurance"]}
{"title":"ADOPTIVUS","definition":"Lat Adoptive. Applied both to the parent adopting, and the child adopted. Inst. 2, 13, 4; Id. 3, 1, 10-14.","related":["Family Law","Trust and Will","Property Law – 2","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civil Law Torts","Evidence","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ADULTERATOR","definition":"Lat In the civil law. A forger; a counterfeiter. Adultera- tores moncta;, counterfeiters of money. Dig. 48, 19, 16, 9.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Evidence","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Law School Outlines","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ADVENTURE, BILL OF","definition":"In mercantile law. A writing signed by a merchant, stating that the property in goods shipped in his name belongs to another, to the adventure or chance of which the person so named is to stand, with a covenant from the merchant to account to him for the produce.","related":["BILL OF ADVENTURE","BILL OF GROSS ADVENTURE","ADVENTURE","BILL OF LADING","GROSS ADVENTURE","BILL OF ENTRY","AVENTURE, OR ADVENTURE","SHIPPING BILL","ADVENTURE CAPITALIST","BILL OF CREDIT"]}
{"title":"ADVOCASSIE","definition":"L. Fr. The office of an advocate: advocacy. Kelham.","related":["ADVOCATUS DIABOLI","DEFENSOR","CANDIDATE","MEN OF STRAW","ADDONE","AFFRANCHIR","MEINOBE AGE","YVERNAIL","ANTRUSTIO","FIANCER"]}
{"title":"ADVOWEE, OR AVOWEE","definition":"The person or patron who has a right to present to a benefice. Fleta, lib. 5, c. 14.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"AFFECTUS PUNITUR LICET NOIL SEQUATUR EFFECTUS","definition":"The intention is punished although the intended result does not follow. 9 Coke, 55.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Property Law","Contracts I","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AFFILARE","definition":"L. Lat. To file or affile. Affiletur, let it be filed. 8 Coke, 100. De re- cordo affilatum, affiled of record. 2 Ld. Itaym. 1476.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE","definition":"In code pleading. New matter constituting a defense ; new matter which, assuming the complaint to be true, constitutes a defense to it. Carter v. Eighth Ward Bank, 33 Misc. Rep. 128, 07 N. Y. Supp. 300.","related":["Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"AFFRECTAMENTUM","definition":"Affreightment; a contract for the hire of a vessel. From the Fr. fret, which, according to Cowell, meant tons or tonnage.","related":["Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Contracts I","Labor Law","Secured Transactions","TONNAGE DUTY","Contracts I (Hillman)","TONNAGE","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","DEMURRAGE"]}
{"title":"AGAINST TT-IE WILL","definition":"Technical words which must be used in framing an indictment for robbery from the person, rape and some other offenses. Witli- tnker v. State, 50 Wis. 521, 7 N. W. 431. 30 Am. St. Rep. 856: Com. v. Burke, 105 Mass. 376. 7 Am. Rep. 531; Beyer v. People, SO N. Y. 309.","related":["BURKING-BURKISM","CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION","COMMIT","APARTMENT","INFORMATION","INTERPRETER","MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANCE","PAYMASTER ROBBERY INSURANCE","SEPARATE COUNTS","DEMURRER TO INDICTMENT"]}
{"title":"AGGRAVATION","definition":"Any circumstance attending the commission of a crime or tort which increases its guilt or enormity or adds to its injurious consequences, but which is above and beyond the essential constituents of the crime or tort itself. Matter of aggravation, correctly understood, does not consist in acts of the same kind and description as those constituting the gist of the action, but in something done by the defendant, on the occasion of committing the trespass, which is, to some extent, of a different legal character from the principal act complained of. Hathaway v. Rice, 19 Vt. 107. In pleading. The introduction of matter into the declaration which tends to increase the amount of damages, but does not affect the right of action itself. Steph. PI. 257; 12 Mod. 597.","related":["AGGRAVATION OF DISABILITY","AGGRAVATION OF DAMAGES","DE INJURIA","PER QUOD","EX DEFECTU SANGUINIS","DELICTUM","ACTIO PROEJUDICIALIS","SIMTJII CUM","TORT","POSSESSORY ACTION"]}
{"title":"AGNATION","definition":"Kinship by the father’s side. See AGNATES; AGNATI.","related":["Trust and Will","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","AGISTMENT","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Procedure","Contracts I (Hillman)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","BROTHER","Trademark Law"]}
{"title":"AGREED STATEMENT OF FACTS","definition":"A statement of facts, agreed on by the parties as true and correct, to be submitted to a court for a ruling on the law of the ease. United States Trust Co. v. New Mexico, 183 U. S. 535, 22 Sup. Ct. 172, 46 L. Ed. 315; Reddick v. Pulaski County, 14 Ind. App. 598, 41 N. El 834.","related":["STATEMENT OF FACTS","COLLATERAL FACTS","FACTS IN ISSUE","PROBATIVE FACTS","VENUE FACTS","STYLIZED FACTS","DISPOSITIVE FACTS","ULTIMATE FACTS","STATE OF FACTS","EVIDENTIARY FACTS"]}
{"title":"AIDS","definition":"In feudal law, originally mere benevolences granted by a tenant to his lord, in times of distress; but at length the lords claimed them as of right They were principally three: (1) To ransom the lord’s person, if taken prisoner; (2) to make tiie lord’s eldest son and heir apparent a knight; (3) to give a suitable portion to the lord’s eldest daughter on her marriage. Abolished by 12 Car. II. c. 24. Also, extraordinary grants to the crown by the house of commons, and which were the origin of the modern system of taxation. 2 Bl. Comm. 03, 64.","related":["Family Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"ALANERARIUS","definition":"A manager and keeper of dogs for the sport of hawking; from alanus, a dog known to the ancients. A falconer. Blount.","related":["ANCIENTS","CERVISIARIUS","CHAMBERLAIN","HAMBLING","TABERNARIUS","ABSOLUTE OR CONDITIONAL CONVEYANCE","REVISE","MUDARIB","CYPHONISM","MUTUAL FUND SUBADVISOR"]}
{"title":"ALDERMANNUS HUNDRED! SEN WAJIENTACHII","definition":"Alderman of a hundred or wapentake. Spelman.","related":["ALDERMANNUS TOTIUS ANGLIJE","ALDERMANNUS COMITATUS","ALDERMANNUS","HUNDRED","OSWALD’S LAW HUNDRED","HUNDRED-WEIGHT","SALFOKD HUNDRED COURT OF RECORD","ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS CLAUSE","CENTENA","EALDERMAN, or EALDORMAN"]}
{"title":"ALIAMENTA","definition":"A liberty of passage, open way, water-course, etc., for the tenant’s accommodation. Kitchin.","related":["FARE","COMMON OF PISCARY","EWAGE","BAY","ROOM AND BOARD RATE","IMBROCUS","PERCOLATE,","GOEDA","BOAT","ASSURED TENANCY"]}
{"title":"ALIENATION","definition":"In real property law. The transfer of the property and possession of lands, tenements, or other things, from one person to another. Terines de la Ley. It is particularly applied to absolute conveyances of real property. Conover v. Mutual Ins. Co., 1 N. Y. 290, 294. The act by which the title to real estate is voluntarily resigned by one person to another and accepted by the latter, in the forms prescribed by law. The voluntary and complete transfer from one person to another, involving the complete and absolute exclusion, out of him who alienates, of any remaining interest or particle of interest, in the thing transmitted; the complete transfer of the property and possession of lands, tenements, or other things to another. Orrell v. Bay Mfg. Co.. S3 Miss. 800. 30 South. 501, 70 L. It. A. 881; Burl v. Insurance Co., 24 X. II. 558. 57 Am. Dec. 300: United States v. Schurz. 102 U. S. 378, 20 L. Ed. 107; Yining v. Willis, 40 Kan. 009, 20 Pac. 232. In medical jurisprudence. A generic term denoting the different kinds or forms of mental aberration or derangement. ","related":["FRAUDULENT ALIENATION","ALIENATION CLAUSE","ALIENATION OF AFFECTION","ALIENATION OF ASSETS","ALIENATION OFFICE","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ALIENATION OF PROPERTY","ASSIGNMENT","ALIEN OR ALIENE V","ESTATE FOR YEARS"]}
{"title":"ALIND EST POSSIDERE, ALIND ESSE IN POS- SESSIONE","definition":"It is one thing to possess; it is another to be in possession. Hob. 163.","related":["ALIQUIS NON DEBET ESSE JUDEX IN PROPRIA CAUSA, QUIA NON POTEST ESSE JUDEX ET PARS","ALIND EST VENDERE, ALIUD VENDENTI CON- SENTIRE","IN ESSE","DE ESSE IN PEREGRINATIONE","SOLVENDO ESSE","DE BENE ESSE","DEBET ESSE FINIS LITIUM","BILL TO TAKE TESTIMONY DE BENE ESSE","ACTUS REPUGNUS NON POTEST IN ESSE PRODUCI","DEFICIENTE NNO SANGUINE NON POTEST ESSE HSERES"]}
{"title":"ALLEGE","definition":"To state, recite, assert, or charge; to make an allegation.","related":["COUNT, V IN PLEADING","RESPONSIVE","IN CRIMINAL LAW","RECITE","INFICIARI","AFFIRMATIVE PREGNANT","VINDICARE","ESTOPPEL","SCANDAL","SET OUT"]}
{"title":"AUNCEL WEIGHT","definition":"In English law. An ancient mode of weighing, described by Cowell as “a kind of weight with scales hanging, or hooks fastened to each end of a staff, which a man, lifting up upon his forefinger or hand, discerneth the quality or difference between the weight and the thing weighed.”","related":["ANSEL, ANSUL, OR AUNCEL","NET WEIGHT","PAPER WEIGHT","LEGAL WEIGHT","GROSS WEIGHT","DRY WEIGHT","WEIGHT THRESHOLD","POUND WEIGHT","TARE WEIGHT","WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"AUTO ACORDADO","definition":"Spanish colonial law. An order emanating from some superior tribunal, promulgated in the name and by the authority of the sovereign. Schm. Civil Law, 93.","related":["DECRETO","PRAGMATIC A","ORDENAMIENTO","RECOPILACION DE INDIAS","RESOLUCION","REGEAMENTO","ORDENAMIENTO DE ALCALA","NUEVA RECOPIEACION","AUTO SUPPLIER SUPPORT PROGRAM (AUTO SSP)","FUERO"]}
{"title":"AUXILIUM AD FLLIUM MILITEM FACIENDUM ET FLLIAM MARITANDAM","definition":"An ancient writ which was addressed to the sheriff to levy com- pulsorily an aid towards the knighting of a son and the marrying of a daughter of the tenants in eapite of the crown.","related":["AUXILIUM VICE COMITI","AD FACIENDUM","AUXILIUM","AUXILIUM CURIAE","AD JUNGENDUM AUXILIUM","AUXILIUM REGIS","DE EXPENSIS CIVIUM ET BURGEN- SIUM","MONSTRANS DE FAITS","DROIT- CLOSE","BONIS NON AMOVENDIS"]}
{"title":"AVER LAND","definition":"In feudal law. Land plowed by the tenant for the proper use of the lord of the soil.","related":["LAND","FALLOW-LAND","LAND REHABILITATION","SECTION OF LAND","TENEMENTAL LAND","AVER, N","AVER, V","AVER","AVER CORN","AVER PENNY"]}
{"title":"AVIZANDUM","definition":"In Scotch law. To make avizandum with a process is to take it from the public court to the private consideration of the Judge. Bell.","related":["DECLINATURE","CONTINGENCY OF A PROCESS","CIRCUMDUCTION OF THE TERM","NARRATIVE","PER CONSIDERATIONEM CUR IS","PUBLIC CHARITY","COWELL","COMPENSATION","PRACTICKS","STEELBOtfr GOODS"]}
{"title":"AWAIT","definition":"A term used in old statutes, signifying a lying in wait, or waylaying.","related":["LYING IN WAIT","CONCEALED","ATRAVESADOS","BACK\nLANDS","COUCHANT","SHIPPER","ADJOINING","DISORDERLY CONDUCT","AZURE","ESCAMBIUM"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE OR CONDITIONAL CONVEYANCE","definition":"right or property in a thing is transferred, free of any condition or qualification, by which it might be defeated or changed; as an ordinary deed of lands, in contradistinction to a mortgage, which is a condilional conveyance. Bur- rill; Falconer v. Buffalo, etc., R. Co., 69 N. Y. 491","related":["ABSOLUTE CONVEYANCE","VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCE","MESNE CONVEYANCE","ABSOLUTE TITLE","CONDITIONAL","ABSOLUTE SALE","CONVEYANCE","CONDITIONAL JUDGMENT","CONDITIONAL COMMITMENT","FRAUDULENT CONVEYANCE"]}
{"title":"ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","definition":"Two names of an action which lay in behalf of a buyer to reduce the contract price, not to cancel the sale; the judex had power, however, to cancel the sale. Hunter, Rom. Law, 332","related":["QUANTI MINORIS","ACTIO VENDITI","ACTIO EMPTI","ACTIO REDLIIBI- TORIA","SUNT MINORIS CULPE","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO\nEOMMUNI DIVIDUNDO","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","ACTIO IN PERSONAM"]}
{"title":"ACTIO DIRECTA","definition":"A direct action: an action founded on strict law. and conducted according to fixed forms; an action founded on certain legal obligations which from their origin were accurately defined and recognized as actionable.","related":["ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO DEPOSITI DIRECTA","ACTIO\nCOMMODATI DIRECTA","ACTIO TUTELA","ACTIO IN FACTUM","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO STRICTI JURIS","PROHIBITIO DE VASTO, DIRECTA PARTI","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO FURTI"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NOXALIS","definition":"A noxal action ; an action which lay against a master for a crime committed or injury done by his slave; and in which the master had the alternative either to pay for the damage done or to deliver up the slave to the complaining partv. Inst. 4, 8, pr.; Ileinecc. Elein. lib. 4. tit. S. So called from noxa, the offense or injury committed. Inst. 4. 8, 1.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Criminal Law","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ACTIO\nNTILIS","definition":"A beneficial action or equitable action. An action founded on equity instead of strict law, and available for those who had equitable rights or the beneficial ownership of property. Actions are divided into dircetw or utiles actions. The former are founded on certain legal obligations which from their origin were accurately defined and recognized as actionable. The latter were formed analogically in imitation of the former. They were perniitted in legal obligations for which the actioncs dircctiv were not originally intended, but which resembled the legal obligations which formed the basis of the direct action. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO IN FACTUM","ACTIO TUTELA","ACTIO BONE FIDEI","ACTIO BONSE FIDEI","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO FURTI","ACTIO STRICTI JURIS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO IN REM"]}
{"title":"ACTIO POENALIS IN HAEREDEM NON DATUR, NISI FORTE EX DAMNO LOCUPLETIOR LUCRES FACTUS\nSIT","definition":"A penal action is not given against an heir, unless, indeed, such heir Is benefited by the wrong.","related":["ACTIO NON DATUR NON DAMNIFICATO","ACTIO NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA","INJURIA ABSQUE DAMNO","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","DATUR DIGNIORI","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","PEINE FORTE ET DURE","PAINE FORTE ET DURE","BASTARDUS NON POTEST HABERE HSEREDEM NISI DE CORPORE SUO LEGITIME PROCREATUM","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS"]}
{"title":"ACTIONES LEGIS","definition":"In the Roman law. Legal or lawful action; actions of or at law, (leyilima: actiones.) Dig. 1, 2, 2, 6.","related":["ACTIONES NOMINATE","ENS LEGIS","CUSTODIA LEGIS","IN GREMIO LEGIS","IN FRAUDEM LEGIS","IN CONSIDERATIONE LEGIS","NEMO EST SUPRA LEGIS","IGNORANTIA LEGIS NON EXCUSAT","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL CHANGE OF POSSESSION","definition":"In statutes of frauds. An open, visible, and unequivocal change of possession, manifested by the usual outward signs, as distinguished from a merely formal or constructive change. Randall v. Parker, 3 Sandf. (N. Y.) 09; Murcii v. Swensen, 40 Minn. 421, 42 N. W. 290; Dodge v. .Tones, 7 Mont. 121, 14 Pac. 707; Stevens v. Irwin, 15 Cal. 503. 76 Am. Dec. 500","related":["ACTUAL POSSESSION","POSSESSION ACTUAL","DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE","CHANGE OF AIRCRAFT","NET CHANGE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD","CHANGE IN CONTROL PROVISION","ENGINEERING CHANGE","TASK CHANGE"]}
{"title":"ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","definition":"An act done by me, against my will, is not my act. Branch, Princ.","related":["ACTUS LEGITIMI NON RECIPIUNT MODUM","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","INVITO","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","MENS","ACTIO NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA","ACTNS NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA","ACTIO POENALIS IN HAEREDEM NON DATUR, NISI FORTE EX DAMNO LOCUPLETIOR LUCRES FACTUS\nSIT","ACTUS","FORISF ACTUS"]}
{"title":"AD COMPARENDUM","definition":"To appear. Ad comparendum, et ad standum juri, to appear and to stand to the law, or abide the judgment of the court. Cro. Jac. 67.","related":["STAND","MANNIRE","DEFINITIVE","STIPULATIO","PROCEDENDO","COSTS TO ABIDE EVENT","SUMMARY JUDGMENT","0 WRIT OF ERROR","SIGNING JUDGMENT","DISSOLVING BOND"]}
{"title":"AD FIDEM","definition":"In allegiance. 2 Kent, Comm. 50. Subjects born ad fidem are those born in allegiance.","related":["Labor Law","Property Law – 2","NATURAL ALLEGIANCE","INTRA FIDEM","IN PRSMISSORTJM FIDEM","FIDEM MENTIRI","Comparative Constitutional Law","ALIEN, N","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","ANTE NATUS"]}
{"title":"AD JUDICIUM","definition":"To judgment; to court. Ad judicium provocare; to summon to court; to commence an action; a term of the Roman law. Dig. 5, 1, 13, 14.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Civil Procedure","California Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"AD PIOS USUS","definition":"Lat. For pious (religious or charitable) uses or purposes. r Used with reference to gifts and bequests. U","related":["IN PIOS USUS","USUS","ANCIPITIS USUS","USUS BELLICI","USUS FRUCTUS","BENEVOLENT","SACRILEGE","ELEEMOSYNARY AND CIVIL","ELEEMOSYNARIUS","PIA FRAUS"]}
{"title":"AUDITORS OF\nTHE IMPREST","definition":"Officers in the English exchequer, who formerly had the charge of auditing the accounts of the customs, naval and military expenses, etc.. now performed by the commissioners for auditing public accounts.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Payment Systems","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"AUTER, AUTRE","definition":"L. Fr. Another; other.","related":["AUTER ACTION PENDANT","AUTER DROIT","PRISEL EN AUTER LIEU","AUTRE","AUTRE ACTION PENDANT","AUTRE DROIT","AUTRE VIE","ESTATE PUR AUTRE VIE"]}
{"title":"AUTOPSY","definition":"The dissection of a dead body for the purpose of inquiring into the cause of death. Pub. St. Mass. 1882, p. 1288. Sudduth ?. Insurance Co. (a C.) 106 Fed. 823.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Trust and Will"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE MEANS","definition":"This phrase, among mercantile men, is a term well understood to be anything which can readily be converted Into money; but it is not necessarily or primarily money Itself. McFad- den v. Leeka, 48 Ohio St. 513, 28 N. E. 874; Benedict v. Huntington, 32 N. Y. 224; Brig- ham v. Tilliughast, 13 N. Y. 218.","related":["MEANS","EXTERNAL VIOLENT AND ACCIDENTAL MEANS","ACCIDENTAL MEANS","WAYS AND MEANS","BEST PRACTICABLE MEANS","ANALYSIS OF MEANS (ANOM)","BERLE-MEANS THESIS","MEANS ENDS ANALYSIS (MEA)","MEANS-TESTED BENEFITS","WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE"]}
{"title":"AVERIA","definition":"In old English law. This term was applied to working cattle, such as horses, oxen, etc.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Payment Systems","Property Law","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AVOUCHER","definition":"The calling upon a warrantor of lands to fulfill his undertaking.","related":["SUPERFLUOUS LANDS,","GARAUNTOR","WARRANTY\nN WARRANTOR","GENERAL GUARANTEE","WARRANTIA CHARTS","BARGAIN","JOINT AND SEVERAL","YEAS AND NAYS","UNDERTAKING","RUNRIG LANDS"]}
{"title":"AXIOM","definition":"In logic. A self-evident truth; an indisputable truth.","related":["ARGUMENT","FORMAL LOGIC","SYMBOLIC LOGIC","SMOKING GUN","JUDICIAL NOTICE","VERIFY","LOGIC GATE","FICTIO","HALF-TRUTH","GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY (GST)"]}
{"title":"ACTIO COMMODATI CONTRARIA","definition":"An action by the borrower against the lender, to compel the execution of the contract. Poth. Pret a Usage, n. 75.","related":["ACTIO\nCOMMODATI DIRECTA","ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA","ACTIO COMMODATI","COMMODATI ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO VENDITI","ACTIO EMPTI","ALLEGANS CONTRARIA NON EST ANDIENDUS","ACTIO PRO SOCIO","TUTELiE ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTIO EXERCITORIA","definition":"An action against the exercitor or employer of a vessel.","related":["EXERCITORIA ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","SI ACTIO","ACTIO IN REM","ACTIO PERSONALIS","COMMODATI ACTIO","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","ACTIO PROEJUDICIALIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO PRO SOCIO","definition":"An action of partnership. An action brought by one partner against his associates to compel them to carry out the terms of the partnership agreement.","related":["Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","definition":"In the civil and common law. An action of contract; an action arising out of, or founded on, contract Inst. 4, 6, 1; Bract fol. 102; 3 Bl. Comm. 117.","related":["ACTIO EX DELICTO","EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO PERSONALIS","ACTIO FURTI","ACTIO FAMILIES ERCISCUNDCE","ACTIO CIVILIS","ACTIO IN REM","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO TUTELA","EX QUASI CONTRACTU"]}
{"title":"ACTION OF A WRIT","definition":"A phrase used when a defendant pleads some matter by which he shows that the plaintiff had no cause to have the writ sued upon, although it may be that he is entitled to another writ or action for the same matter. Cowelh","related":["WRIT OF RECAPTION","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","WRIT PRO RETORNO HABENDO","WRIT OF PROCLAMATION","DECLARATORY ACTION","WRIT OF ENTRY","CAUSE OF ACTION","CROSS-ACTION","WRIT OF PRiECIPE","POSSESSORY ACTION"]}
{"title":"ACTON BURNEL, STATUTE OF","definition":"In English law. A statute, otherwise called “Slatutum de ilcrcatoribus,” made at a parliament held at the castle of Acton Burnel in Shropshire, in the 11th year of the reign of Edward I. 2 Reeves, Eng. Law, 158-102.","related":["YORK, STATUTE OF","WINCHESTER, STATUTE OF","WESTMINSTER THE THIRD, STATUTE OF","MARLBRIDGE, STATUTE OF","MERTON, STATUTE","PRISONAM FRANGENTIBUS, STATUTE DE","COUNT UPON A STATUTE","GLOUCESTER, STATUTE OF","STATUTE PERSONAL","RESTRAINING STATUTE"]}
{"title":"ACTUARY","definition":"In English ecclesiastical law. A clerk that registers the acts and constitutions of the lower house of convocation ; or a registrar in a court christian. Also an officer appointed to keep savings banks accounts; the computing officer of an insurance company; a person skilled in calculating the value of life interests, annuities, and insurances.","related":["APPOINTED ACTUARY","GOVERNMENT ACTUARY","TONTINE","VARIABLE UNIVERSAL LIFE INSURANCE","SAVINGS ASSOCIATION INSURANCE FUND (SAIF)","ASSURED","EXAMINER","STATUTORY BOOKS","UNDER-SHERIFF","CLOUD COMPUTING"]}
{"title":"AD ABUNDANTIOREM CAUTELAM","definition":"L. Lat. For more abundant caution. 2 How. State Tr. 11S2. Otherwise expressed, ad cautelam ex superabinidanti. Id. 11G3.","related":["AD MAJOREM CAUTELAM","IN MAJOREM CAUTELAM","EX ABUNDANTI CAUTEEA","PAROL","CAVERE","DE AMPLIORI GRATIA","WIDOWHOOD","UTI ROGAS","CAUTELA","MORALE"]}
{"title":"AD DAMNUM","definition":"In pleading. “To the damage.” The technical name of that clause of the writ or declaration which contains a statement of the plaintiff’s money loss, or the damages which he claims. Cole v. Hayes, 78 Me. 539, 7 Atl. 391; Vincent v. Life Ass’n, 75 Conn. 050, 55 Atl. 177.","related":["Patent Law","Payment Systems","Property Law – 2","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Remedies","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"AD GRAVAMEN","definition":"To the grievance, in- Jury. or oppression. Fleta. lib. 2, c. 47,","related":["Evidence 2","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","GRAVAMEN","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AD MAJOREM CAUTELAM","definition":"For greater security. 2 How. State Tr. 1182.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","IN MAJOREM CAUTELAM","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts"]}
{"title":"AD QUOD DAMNUM","definition":"The name of a writ formerly issuing from the English chancery, commanding the sheriff to make in- | quiry “to what damage” a specified act, if done, will tend. Ad quod damnum is a writ which ought to be sued before the king grants certain liberties, as a fair, market, or such like, which may be prejudicial to others, and thereby it should be inquired whether it will be a prejudice to grant them, and to whom It will be prejudicial, and what prejudice will come thereby. There is also another writ of ad quod damnum, if any one will turn a common highway and lay out another way as beneficial. Terines de la Ley.","related":["Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Evidence","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AD VALOREM","definition":"According to value. Duties are either ad valorem or specific; the former when the duty is laid in the form of a percentage on the value of the property ; the latter where it is imposed as a fixed sum on each article of a class without regard to its value. The term ad valorem tax is as well defined and fixed as any other used in political economy or legislation, and simply means a tax or duty upon the value of the article or thing subject to taxation. Bailey v. Fuqua, 24 Miss. 501; Piugree v. Auditor General, 120 Mich. 95, 78 N. W. 1025, 44 L. It. A. 079.","related":["AD VALOREM TAX","AD VALOREM TARIFF","ACCOUNT AD VALOREM DUTY","UNIFORMITY","UNASCERTAINED DUTIES","TAXABLE","DUTIES ON IMPORTS","POSITIVE CONFIRMATION","AUDITOR’S OPINION","LIVRE TOURNOIS"]}
{"title":"APPARATOR","definition":"A furnisher or provider. Formerly the sheriff, in England, had charge of certain county affairs and disbursements, in which capacity he was called “apparator eomitutus,” and received therefor a considerable emolument. Cowell.","related":["TEDING-PENNY","INTAKERS","TURN, or TOURN","RIER COUNTY","GEREFA","COMITATU ET CASTRO COMMISSO","TITHING-PENNY","BAILIVIA","SCIREWYTE","JUSTICIES"]}
{"title":"APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","definition":"This term and “appearance by counsel” are distinctly different. the former being the substitution of a legal agent for the personal attendance of the suitor, the latter the attendance of an advocate without whose aid neither the party attending nor his attorney in his stead could safely proceed ; and an appearance by attorney does not supersede the appearance by counsel. Mercer v. Watson. 1 Watts (Pa.) 351.","related":["ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY IN FACT","APPEARANCE","LETTER OF\nATTORNEY","NON-APPEARANCE","VOLUNTARY APPEARANCE","ATTORNEY AT LAW","NOTICE OF APPEARANCE","POWER OF ATTORNEY","PUBLIC ATTORNEY"]}
{"title":"APPENDIX","definition":"A printed volume, used on an appeal to the English house of lords or privy council, containing the documents and other evidence presented in the inferior court and referred to in the cases made by the parties for the appeal. Answering in some respects to the “paper-book” or “case” in American practice.","related":["CASE ON APPEAL","SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE","PAPER","COURT OF DELEGATES","BOOK","COMMISSION OF\nDELEGATES","COMMISSION OF REVIEW","COURT OF EXCHEQUER CHAMBER","SILENTIARIUS","COURT OF APPEAL, HIS MAJESTY’S"]}
{"title":"AFPOSER","definition":"An officer in the exchequer, clothed with the duty of examining the sheriffs in respect of their accounts. Usually called the “foreign apposer.” Termes de la Ley.","related":["ALNAGEK, OR ULNAGER","CONTRAROTULATOR PIPAE","WRITER OF THE TALLIES","SECONDARY,","ANTIQUA CUSTUMA","CURSITOR BARON","ASSAYER OF THE KING","IN PRACTICE","REMEMBRANCERS","SCACCARIUM"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATE","definition":"1. To make a thing one’s own; to make a thing the subject of property; to exercise dominion over an object to the extent, and for the purpose, of making it subserve one’s own proper use or pleasure. The term is properly used in this sense to denote the acquisition of property and a right of exclusive enjoyment in those things which before were without an owner or were publici juris. United States v. Nicholson (D. C.) 12 Fed. 522; Wulzen v. San Francisco, 101 Cal. 15, 35 Pac. 353, 40 Am. St. Rep. 17; People v. Lammerts, 104 N. Y. 137, 58 N. E. 22. 2. To prescribe a particular use for particular moneys; to designate or destine a fund or property for a distinct use, or for the payment of a particular demand. Whitehead v. Gibbons, 10 N. J. Eq. 235; State v. Bordelon, 0 La. Ann. 08. In its use with reference to payments or moneys, there is room for a distinction between this term and “apply.” The former properly denotes the setting apart of a fund or payment for a particular use or purpose, or the mental act of resolving that it shall be so employed, while “apply” signifies the actual expenditure of the fund, or using the payment, for the purpose to which it has been appropriated. Practically, however, the words are used interchangeably. 3. To appropriate Is also used in the sense of to distribute; in this sense it may denote the act of an executor or administrator who distributes the estate of his decedent among the legatees, heirs, or others entitled, in pursuance of his duties and according to their respective rights.","related":["DIVIDEND","PARAMOUNT","INTEREST","SUITORS’ FUND IN CHANCERY","BOUND","CAPITAL, N","ASSETS","ADVANCES","SHAVE","TRANSLATION"]}
{"title":"APPURTENANT","definition":"Belonging to; accessory or incident to; adjunct, appended, or annexed to; answering to acccssorium in the civil law. 2 Steph. Comm. 30 note. A thing is deemed to be incidental or appurtenant to land when it is by right used with the land for its benefit, as in the case of a way, or water-course, or of a passage for light, air, or heat from or across the land of another. Civil Code Cal.","related":["APPURTENANT STRUCTURE","INCIDENT AND APPURTENANT","COMMON APPURTENANT","EASEMENT APPURTENANT","APPURTENANT STRUCTURES INSURANCE","APPURTENANCE","IN GROSS","COVENANT RUNNING WITH LAND","EASEMENT","FIXTURE"]}
{"title":"AQU","definition":"In the civil law. A servitude which consists in the right to carry water by means of pipes or conduits over or through the estate of another. Dig. 8, 3, 1; Inst. 2, 3.","related":["AQUFFI HAUSTUS","STILLICIDIUM","ALTIUS TOLLENDI","ALTIUS NON TOLLENDI","SUPERIOR","SERVIENT","RURAL SERVITUDE","JUS PROJICIENDI","JUS AQU3IDUCTUS","THIRLAGE"]}
{"title":"ARBITRARY","definition":"Not supported by fair, solid, and substantial cause, and without reason given. Treloar v. Bigge, L. R. 9 Exch. 155.","related":["ARBITRARY GOVERNMENT","ARBITRARY PUNISHMENT","ARBITRARY POWER","ARBITRARY DISCRETION","SUPERSTRUCTURE","VALUE CASH","REASONABLE ACT","CARRY ON BUSINESS","AD EA QUAE FREQUENTIUS ACCIDUNT JURA ADAPTANTUR","FAIR TRADE"]}
{"title":"ALTERNAT","definition":"A usage among diplomatists by which the rank and places of different powers, who have the same right and pretensions to precedence, are changed from time to time, either in a certain regular order or one determined by lot. In drawing up treaties and conventions, for example, it is the usage of certain powers to alternate, both in the preamble and the signatures, so that each power occupies, in the copy intended to be delivered to it, the first place. Wheat Int. Law,","related":["PLENIPOTENTIARY","CHECK ENDORSEMENT","CONVENTION","TRUCE","MEDIATE POWERS","COMPACT","POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","REGULATE","POWER OF APPOINTMENT","PARETO ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"AMBACTUS","definition":"A messenger; a servant sent about; one whose services his master hired out. Spelman.","related":["MASTER AND SERVANT","WAGES","ARMIGER","MENIAL","SERVANT","PER QUOD SERVITIUM AMISIT","APOSTOLUS","HLAF ffiTA","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","HINEFARE"]}
{"title":"AMBULATORIA EST VOLUNTAS DEFUNCTI USQUE AD VITSE SUPREMUNI EXIT-AM","definition":"The will of a deceased person is ambulatory until the latest moment of life. Dig. 34, 4, 4.","related":["Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law","Trust and Will","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"AMICABLE ACTION","definition":"In practice. An action between friendly parties. An action brought and carried on by the mutual consent and arrangement of the parties, in order to obtain the judgment of the court on a doubtful question of law, the facts being usually settled by agreement. Lord v. Veazie, 8 IIow. 251, 12 L. Ed. 1067.","related":["AMICABLE ACTION (SUIT)","AMICABLE SUIT","AMICABLE","SETTLEMENT OF ACTION","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","RIGHT OF ACTION","CAUSE OF ACTION","AMICABLE COMPOUNDERS","CROSS-ACTION","JOINT ACTION"]}
{"title":"ADVANCEMENT","definition":"Money or property given by a father to his child or presumptive heir, or expended by the former for the latter*s benefit, by way of anticipation of rlie share which the child will inherit in the father’s estate and intended to be deducted therefrom. It is the latter circumstance which differentiates an advancement from a gift or a loan. Grattan v. Grattan, 18 III. 107,. G5 Am. Dec. 720; Beringer v. Lutz, 1.88 Pa. 304, 41 Atl. 043; Daugherty v. Rogers, 119 Ind. 254, 20 N. E. 779. 3 L. R. A. 8-17; Hattersley v. Bissett. 51 N. J. Eq. 597, 20 Atl. 187, 40 Am. St. Rep. 532; Chase v. lowing, 51 Barb. (N. Y.) 597; Osgood v. Breed, 17 Mass. 350; Nicholas v. Nicholas, 100 Va. GOO, 42 S. E. 009; Moore v. Freeman. 50 Ohio St. 592, 35 N. E. 502; Appeal of Porter, 94 Pa. 332; Bissell v. Bissell, 120 Iowa, 127, 94 N. W. 405; In re Allen’s Estate, 207 Pa. 325, 5G Atl. 928. Advancement, in its legal acceptation, does not involve the idea of obligation or future liability to answer. It is a pure and irrevocable gift’made by a parent to a child in anticipation of such child’s future share of the parent’s estate. Appeal of Yundt. 13 Pa. 580, 53 Am. Dec. 490. An advancement is any provision by a parent made to and accepted by a child oiit of his estate, either in money or property, during his life-time, over and above the obligation of the parent for maintenance and education. Code Ga. 1882. 5 2579. An “advancement by portion,” within the meaning of the statute, is a sum given by a parent to establish a child in life, (as by starting him in business,) or to make a provision for the child, (as on the marriage of a daughter.) L. R. 20 Eq. 155.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law – 2","Family Law","Trust and Will","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISEMENT","definition":"Notice given in a manner designed to attract public attention; information communicated to the public, or to an individual concerned, by means of handbills or the newspaper. Montford v. Allen, 111 Ga. 18. 30 S. E. 305; Haffner v. Barnard, 123 Ind. 429. 24 N. E. 152; Com. v. Johnson, 3 Pa. Dist. R. 222. A sign-board, erected at a person’s place of business, giving notice that lottery tickets are for sale there, is an “advertisement,” within the meaning of a statute prohibiting the advertising of lotteries. In such connection the meaning of the word is not confined to notices printed in newspapers. Com. v. Hooper, 5 Pick. (Mass.) 42.","related":["CLASSIFIED-DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENT","KEYED ADVERTISEMENT","CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT","PUBLIC NOTICE","TIMBERLODE","PUFFER","BUCK SLIP","SUBHASTATIO","PUBLISHER","SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE (SIM)"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATION","definition":"In Scotch law. A process by which an action may be carried from an inferior to a superior court before final Judgment in the former.","related":["BILL OF ADVOCATION","PROCEDENDO","EXTRACT","RECLAIMING BILL","DECREET","BILL OF CERTIORARI","DECREE","ADJUDICATION","APPEAL","FINALIS CONCORDIA"]}
{"title":"ADVOWSON PRESENTA- TIVE","definition":"The usual kind of advowson, where the patron has the right of presentation to the bishop, or ordinary, and moreover to demand of him to institute his clerk, if he finds him canon- ically qualified. 2 Bl. Comm. 22; 1 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 131,","related":["Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AFFIDARI","definition":"To be mustered and enrolled for soldiers upon an oath of fidelity.","related":["SACRAMENTUM","FEALTY","MILITIA","AFFIDATIO","CORPORAL OATB","SWEAR","AHTEID","PURGATION","FIDELITY BOND","AFFIDAVIT"]}
{"title":"AFFINITAS AFFLNITATIS","definition":"Remote relationship by marriage. That connection between parties arising from marriage which is neither consanguinity nor affinity. Chinn v. State, 47 Ohio St. 575. 26 N. E. 9S6, 11 L. R. A. 630.","related":["Family Law","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AFFORATUS","definition":"Appraised or valued, as things vendible in a market. Blount.","related":["MERCHANTABLE","STRANDED ASSET","PRICEBOOK RATIO","MIDDDLE CAPITALIZATION STOCK","APPRAISAL VALUE","GAIN ON SALE OF AUTOMOBILE","CREAMER","COINSURANCE CLAUSE","HINDENI HOMINES","UNIFORM STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL APPRAISAL PRACTICE (USPAP)"]}
{"title":"AFTER- BORN","definition":"A statute making a will void as to after-born children means physical birth, and is not applicable to a child legitimated by the marriage of its parents. Appeal of McCulloch, 113 Pa. 247, 6 Atl. 253.","related":["BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK","BORN ALIVE","NATURAL-BORN","BORN DIGITAL","BASTARD","SPECIAL BASTARD","NATURAL CHILD","PALLIO COOPERIRE","PRIMOGENITURE","PORTION"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIUS","definition":"In Roman law. A notary or clerk. One who drew the acts or statutes, or who wrote in brief the public acts.","related":["AUTHENTIC ACT","EN BREVET","NOTARIZED DOCUMENT","LOGOGRAPHUS","OUTLAWED,","NOTARY SEAL","CLERICUS","OUTLAWRY","ALLEGATA","ANTIQUARE"]}
{"title":"AD","definition":"Lat. At; by ; for; near; on account of; to ; until; upon.","related":["MINOR’S ACCOUNT","CARRIED DOWN","MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT (MMA)","NEGATIVE ACCOUNT EMPLOYER","FROZEN ACCOUNT","DE COMPUTO","LINKED ACCOUNTS","CONTRA ACCOUNT","AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS","TRUST ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"AD CUSTUM","definition":"At the cost. 1 Bl. Comm. 314.","related":["MATERIAL COST","DURESS OF IMPRISONMENT","ANIMO","DIVORCE A MENSA ET TLIORO","FREE IN LINER OUT (FILO)","DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS","CONSTRUCTION COST","IN FACIE ECCLESLX","DURESS PER MINAS","KING’S COUNSEL"]}
{"title":"AD GAOLAS DELIBERAND AS","definition":"To deliver the gaols; to empty the gaols. Bract, fol. 1096. Ad gaolam deliberandum; to deliver the gaol; to make gaol delivery. Bract, fol. 1106.","related":["AD ASSISAS CAPIENDAS","GAOL DELIVERY","DELIVERY OPTIONS","JAIL","BRUTUM FULMEN","PITCH","TRAD AS IN B ALLIUM","NE BAILA PAS","COURT OF OYER AND TERMINER","COURT FOR CONSIDERATION OF CROWN CASES RESERVED"]}
{"title":"AD LUCRANDUM VEL PERDEN- DUM","definition":"For gain or loss. Emphatic words in the old warrants of attorney. Reg. Orig. 21, et seq. Sometimes expressed in English, “to lose and gain.” Plowd. 201.","related":["Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","RESPONSALIS AD LUCRANDUM VEL PETENDUM"]}
{"title":"AD QUOD CURIA CONCORDAVIT","definition":"To which the court agreed. Yearb. P. 20 I Hen. VI. 27.","related":["CUI LICET QUOD MAJUS, NON, DEBET QUOD MINUS EST NON LICERC","CURIA ADVISARI VULT L LAT","CURIA","PROFERT IN CURIA L","CHRISTIANITATIS CURIA","CURIA DOMINI","EX CURIA","CURIA CHRISTIANITATIS","CURIA ADMIRALITATIG","SEDENTE CURIA"]}
{"title":"AD VALENTIAM","definition":"To the value. See AD VALOREM.","related":["CAPE AD VALENTIAM","DE NULLO, QUOD EST SUA NATURA INDI- VISIBILE, ET DIVISIONCM NON PATITUR, NULLUM PARTEM HABEBIT VIDUA, SED SATIS- FACIAT EI AD VALENTIAM","AD VALOREM","TURNOVER TAX","STAMP TAX","UNEMPLOYMENT TAX","SIN TAX","LIVRE TOURNOIS","VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)","COMMUTATION OF TAXES"]}
{"title":"ADDRESS","definition":"That part of a bill in equity wherein is given the appropriate and technical description of the court in which the bill is filed. The word is sometimes used as descriptive of a formal document embodying a request presented to the governor of a state by one or both branches of the legislative body, desiring him to perform some executive act A place of business or residence.","related":["TRADING ADDRESS","LEGAL ADDRESS","NOTIFY ADDRESS","ADDRESS FOR SERVICE","ADDRESS OF RECORD","JUDICIAL BRANCH","MEMORIAE","EXECUTIVE","ENROLLED BILL","SEPARATION OF POWERS"]}
{"title":"ADHERING","definition":"Joining, leagued with, cleaving to; as, “adhering to the enemies of the United States.” Rebels, being citizens, are not “enemies,” within the meaning of the constitution; hence a conviction for treason, in promoting a rebellion, cannot be sustained under that branch of the constitutional definition which speaks of “adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.” United States v. Greathouse, 2 Abb. (U. S.) 364, Fed. Cas. No. 15.254.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ADJOURNED TERM","definition":"In practice. A continuance, by adjournment, of a regular term. Harris v. Gest, 4 Ohio St. 473; Kings- ley v. Bagby, 2 Kan App. 23, 41 Pac. 991. Distinguished from *n “additional term,” which is a distinct teem. Id. An adjourned term is a continuation of a previous or regular term ; it is the same term prolonged, and the power of the court over the business which has been done, and the entries made at the regular term, continues. Van Dyke v. State, 22 Ala. 57.","related":["ADJOURNED SUMMONS","OUT OF TERM","SITTINGS AFTER TERM","EXTENDED TERM","TRIAL TERM","HILARY TERM","LONG TERM CARE FACILITY","TERM MORTGAGE","LONG TERM DEBT","NON-TERM"]}
{"title":"ADJUST","definition":"To bring to proper relations; to settle; to determine and apportion an amount due. Flaherty v. Insurance Co., 20 App. Div. 275, 40 N. Y. Supp. 934; Miller v. Insurance Co., 113 Iowa, 211, 84 N. W. 1049; Washington County v. St Louis, etc., It. Co., 58 Mo. 370.","related":["ADJACENT","ADYACENTE","BODY OF A COUNTY","ASSENT","COUNTY BRIDGE","OUTLOT","HURT","OUGHT","EXPOSE","CRIMINALPROCEEDING"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTER","definition":"To discharge the duties of an office; to take charge of business; to manage affairs; to serve in the conduct of affairs, in the application of things to their uses; to settle and distribute the estate of a decedent. In physiology, and in criminal law, to administer means to cause or procure a person to take some drug or other substance into his or her system; to direct and cause a medicine, poison, or drug to be taken into the system. State v. Jones, 4 Pennewill (Del.) 109, 53 Atl. 801; McCaugliey v. State, 150 I lid. 41, 59 N. E. 109; La Beau v. People, 34 N. Y. 223; Sumpter v. State, 11 Fla. 247; Robbins v. State, 8 Ohio St 131.","related":["RESISTING AN OFFICER","DYING DECLARATIONS","UNIFORM","COLORED","DUPLICITY","CHRISTIANITY","WAREHOUSE","TOKEN","DE PIP A VINI CARIANDA","SEAE"]}
{"title":"ADMISSIONALIS","definition":"In European law. An usher. Spelman.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Property Law","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","USHER","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"ADOPTION AND LEGITIMATION","definition":"Adoption, properly speaking, refers only to persons who are strangers in blood, and is not synonymous with “legitimation,” which refers to persons of the same blood. Where one acknowledges his illegitimate child and takes it into his family and treats it as if it were legitimate, it is not properly an “adoption” but a “legitimation.” Blythe v. Ayrcs, 90 Cal. 532, 31 Pac. 915, 19 L R. A. 40. To accept an alien as a citizen or member of a community or state and invest him with corresponding rights and privileges, either (in general and untechnical parlance) by naturalization, or by an act equivalent to naturalization, as where a white man is “adopted” by an Indian tribe. Hampton v. Mays, 4 Ind. T. 503, 09 S. W. 1115.","related":["ADOPTION","LEGITIMATION","PRODUCT ADOPTION PROCESS","BUDGET ADOPTION","NATURAL CHILD","IN AMERICAN LAW","CONCURRENCE","MEMBERSHIP","PARTY","CITIZEN"]}
{"title":"ADULT","definition":"In the civil law. A male infant who has attained the age of fourteen ; a female infant who has attained the age of twelve. Dom. Liv. Prel. tit. 2,","related":["ADULT CHILDREN","ADROGATION","FULL ADULT FARE","SUBSTITUTIO HiEREDIS","IMPUBES","INFANTICIDE","ALUMNI","SEX","PUPILLARITY","MALE CHAUVINISM"]}
{"title":"ADVENTITIUS","definition":"Eat. Fortuitous; incidental ; that which conies from an unusual source. Adventitia bona are goods which fall to a man otherwise than by inheritance. Adventitia doc is a dowry or portion given by some friend other than the parent.","related":["DOS","FORTUIT","PRO DOTE","DOT","PARAPHERNA","PORTIO LEGITIMA","DOTATION","WAIF","DOWRY","N B"]}
{"title":"ADVISEMENT","definition":"Deliberation, consideration, consultation; the consultation of a court, after the argument of a cause by counsel, and before delivering their opinion. Clark v. Read, 5 N. J. Law, 4S6.","related":["SED PER CURIAM","AD QUOD NON FUIT RESPONSUM","PER CONSIDERATIONEM CUR IS","EX CONSULTO","ARGUMENT","RIGHT TO BEGIN","CASE ON APPEAL","ADVISE","CONFERENCE","CASE RESERVED"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATUS EST, AD QUCM PERTINET JUS ADVOCATIONIS ALICUJUS ECCLESIAE, UT AD ECCLESIAAN,\nNOMINE PROPRIO, NON ALIENO, POSSIT PRSESENTARE","definition":"A patron is he to whom appertains the right of presentation to a church, in such a manner that he may present to such a church in his own name, and not in the name of another. Co. Litt. 119.","related":["DE NOMINE PROPRIO NON EST CURANDUM CUM IN SUBSTANTIA NON ERRCTUR; QUIA NOMINA MUTABILIA SUNT, RES AUTCM IMMOBILE","DOWER AD OSTIUM ECCLESIAE","EO NOMINE","IN ALIENO SOLO","ADVOCATUS","ADVOCATUS DIABOLI","SUO NOMINE","NOMINE","NOMINE PCENJE","IN NOMINE DEI, AMEN"]}
{"title":"AFFECTIO TUA NOMEN IMPONIT OPERI TUO","definition":"Your disposition (6r intention) gives name (or character) to your work or act. Bract, fol. 26. 1016.","related":["NOMEN","ANIMO","ANIMUS","CIVILIS","FURTUM","ACTIO CIVILIS","INTENTIO","AFFECTUS","SALE OR EXCHANGE A","HONESTUS"]}
{"title":"AFFIDAVIT OF MERITS","definition":"One setting forth that the defendant has a meritorious defense (substantial and not technical) and stating the facts constituting the same. Palmer v. Rogers, 70 Iowa, 381, 30 N. W. 645.","related":["MERITS","AFFIDAVIT OF DEFENSE","ON THE MERITS","JUDGMENT ON MERITS","PLEAD TO THE MERITS","DECISION ON THE MERITS","AFFIDAVIT TO HOLD TO BAIL","AFFIDAVIT","AFFIDAVIT OF DOMICILE","AFFIDAVIT OF DEMURRER"]}
{"title":"ATTACHIAMENTA DE PLACITUS CORONAE","definition":"Attachment of pleas of the crown. Jewison v. Dyson, 9 Mees. \u0026 W. 544.","related":["CUSTOS PLACITORUM CORONAE","ATTACHIAMENTA","ATTACHIAMENTA BONOROM","ATTACHIAMENTA DE GPINIS ET BOSCIS","CORONA","COMMUNIA PLACITA","COLLATIONE FACTA TJNI POST MORTEM ALTERIUS","EIRE, or EYRE","PLACITUM","COURT OF EXCHEQUER"]}
{"title":"ATTESTATION","definition":"The act of witnessing an instrument in writing, at the request of the party making the same, and subscribing it as a witness. See ATTEST. Execution and attestation are clearly distinct formalities; the former being the act of the party, the latter of the witnesses only.","related":["ATTESTATION CLANSE","ATTESTATION OF A WILL","SUBSCRIBING WITNESS","ATTESTATION CLAUSE","SUBSCBIPTION","SUBSCRIPTIO","DEPONENT","ATTEST","SIGN","TESTIS"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY’S LIEN","definition":"See LIEN","related":["EQUITABLE LIEN","RELEASE OF LIEN","WAREHOUSE-KEEPER’S LIEN","GENERAL LIEN","PRIOR LIEN","MECHANIC’S LIEN","LIEN","LIEN CREDITOR","INCHOATE LIEN","SATISFACTION OF LIEN"]}
{"title":"AUDIENCE","definition":"In international law. A hearing; interview with the sovereign. The king or other chief executive of a country grants an audience to a foreign minister who conies to him duly accredited; and, after the recall of a minister, an “audience of leave” ordinarily is accorded to him.","related":["HOLDOVER AUDIENCE","AUDIENCE COURT","AUDIENCE COMPOSITION","AUDIENCE PROFILE","SECONDARY AUDIENCE","CAPTIVE AUDIENCE","SHARE OF AUDIENCE","TARGET AUDIENCE","COURT OF AUDIENCE","MINISTER"]}
{"title":"AVMILOAR","definition":"In Indian law. Agent; the holder of an office; an intendant and collector of the revenue, uniting civil, military, and financial powers under the Mohammedan government.","related":["AUMIL","KHALSA","EXACTOR","AUMEEN","PER PROCURATION","CIVIL","MUNICIPAL","OFFICE","JOINDER","MEDIATE POWERS"]}
{"title":"AUTHORITIES","definition":"Citations to statutes, precedents, judicial decisions, and text-books of the law, made on the argument of questions of law or the trial of causes before a court, in support of the legal positions contended for.","related":["CITATION OF AUTHORITIES","CORPORATE AUTHORITIES","PILOTAGE AUTHORITIES","CONSTITUTED AUTHORITIES","ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITIES","SANITARY AUTHORITIES","CONTRA","CITE","SECTION","JUDICIAL"]}
{"title":"AUXILIARY","definition":"Aiding; attendant on; ancillary, (g. v.) As an auxiliary bill in equity, an auxiliary receiver. See Buckley v. Harrison, 10 Misc. Rep. 683, 31 N. Y. Supp. 1001.","related":["AUXILIARY ITEM","ANCILLARY","RESCIND","ANCILLARY BILL OR SUIT","EQUITABLE DEFENSE","CO-RESPONDENT","VESTED","ANARCHY","EXHIBIT","ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION"]}
{"title":"AVER, N","definition":"In old English and French. Property; substance, estate, and particularly live stock or cattle; hence a working beast; a horse or bullock.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Property Law","Trust and Will","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"A VIA","definition":"In the civil law. A grandmother. Inst. 3, 6, 3.","related":["PROAVIA","AVUNCULUS","ATA VIA","TRITAVIA","PROSOCERUS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","ARROGATION","BISAILE","DECRETUM","ATAVUNCULUS"]}
{"title":"AVUNCULUS","definition":"In the civil law. A mother’s brother. 2 Bl. Comm. 230. Avunculus magnus, a great-uncle. Avunculus major, a great-grandmother’s brother. Avunculus maxim-us, a great-great-grandmother’s brother. See Dig. 38, 10, 10; Inst. 3, 6, 2.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","DESCENT","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"ACTIO AD EXHIBENDUM","definition":"An action for the purpose of compelling a defendant to exhibit a thing or title in his power. It was preparatory to another action, which was always a real action in the sense of the Roman law; that is, for the recovery of a thing. whether it was movable or immovable. Merl. Quest, tome i. 84.","related":["ACTIO PROEJUDICIALIS","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","ACTIO IN REM","COMMODATI ACTIO","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO NEGATORIA","ACTIO\nREALIS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","definition":"The intention of possessing.","related":["ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANNATES","definition":"In ecclesiastical law. First- fruits paid out of spiritual benefices to the pope, so called because the value of one year’s profit was taken as their rate.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law","Contracts I (Hillman)"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL INCOME","definition":"Annual income is annual receipts from property. Income means that which comes in or is received from any business, or investment of capital, without reference to the outgoing expenditures. Betts v. Betts, 4 Abb. N. C. (N. Y.) 400.","related":["INCOME","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","NOMINAL ANNUAL RATE","ANNUAL INFLATION SWAP","ANNUAL EARNINGS","ORDINARY INCOME","GROSS NATIONAL INCOME","NON-OPERATING INCOME","UNEARNED INCOME","NONBUSINESS INCOME"]}
{"title":"ANNUS UTILIS","definition":"A year made up of available or serviceable days. Brissonius; Calvin. In the plural, anni utiles signifies the years during which a right can be exercised or a prescription grow.","related":["ANNUS","UTILIS","MAJOR ANNUS","ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","ANNUS DELIBERANDI","ANNUS LUCTUS","ANNUS, DIES, ET VASTUM","ANNUS ET DIES","INCIDERE","ARBOR"]}
{"title":"ANTE LITEM MOTAM","definition":"Before suit brought; before controversy instituted.","related":["POST LITEM MOTAM","AD LITEM","IN LITEM","LITEM DENUNCIARE","CURATOR AD LITEM","ANTE EXHIBITIONEM BILLSE","LITEM SUAM FACERE","DUB IT ANTE","ANTE","OATH IN LITEM"]}
{"title":"ANTIQUARE","definition":"In Roman law. To restore a former law or practice; to reject or vote against a new law; to prefer the old law. Those who voted against a proposed law wrote on their ballots the letter “A,” the initial of antiquo, I am for the old law. Calvin.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Bill Of Rights","Professional Responsibility","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"A P N ","definition":"In medical jurisprudence. Want of breath; difficulty in breathing; partial or temporary suspension of respiration ; specifically, such difficulty of respiration resulting from over-oxygenation of the blood, and in this distinguished from “asphyxia,” which is a condition resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in the blood due to suffocation or any serious interference with normal respiration. The two terms were formerly (but improperly) used synonymously.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Patent Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"ALLODIAL","definition":"Free; not holden of any lord or superior; owned without obligation of vassalage or fealty; the opposite of feudal. Barker v. Dayton, 28 Wis. 3S4; Wallace v. Ilarmstad, 44 Pa. 499.","related":["ALLODIAL SYSTEM","FIDEM MENTIRI","FEALTY","DOMINUS","VASSAL","LORDSHIP","LIEGE","RECOMMENDATION","ALLODIUM","SUPERIOR"]}
{"title":"ALLUVION","definition":"That increase of the earth on a shore or bank of a river, or to the shore of the sea, by the force of the water, as by a current or by waves, which is so gradual that no one can judge how much is added at each moment of time. Inst. 1, 2, t 1,","related":["Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ALTERINS CIRCUMVENTIO ALII NON PRSE- BET ACTIONEM","definition":"The deceiving of one person does not afford an action to another. Dig. 50, 17, 49.","related":["COGNOVIT ACTIONEM","CAUSE OF ACTION","DECEPTIS NON DECIPIENTIBUS, JURA SUB- VENIUNT","COLLUSION","ILLUSORT","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","RIGHT OF ACTION","DEFENDANT","EMPLOYEE DISHONESTY","INFRINGEMENT OF TRADEMARK"]}
{"title":"AMANUENSIS","definition":"One who writes on behalf of another that which lie dictates.","related":["NOMOGRAPHER","REINSURER","BLOCK OF POLICIES","ORIGINATOR","INDORSER","BODY COPY","SISTER CAPTIVE","SUBSCRIBER","PUP COMPANY","SOFTWARE CODER"]}
{"title":"AMBITUS","definition":"In the Roman law. A going around; a path worn by going around. A space of at least two and a half feet in width, between neighboring houses, left for the convenience of going around them. Calvin. The procuring of a public ofliee by money or gifts; the unlawful buying and selling of a public office. Inst. 4, 18, 11; Dig. 48, 14.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"AMICABLE","definition":"Friendly; mutually forbearing ; agreed or assented to by parties having conflicting interests or a dispute; as opposed to hostile or adversary.","related":["AMICABLE SUIT","AMICABLE ACTION","AMICABLE ACTION (SUIT)","AMICABLE COMPOUNDERS","EQUITY DELIGHTS IN AMICABLE ADJUSTMENTS","DECISIVE OATH","GRIEVANCE MEDIATION","TAKEOVER","MEDIATION","STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR"]}
{"title":"AMOUNT COVERED","definition":"In insurance. The amount that is insured, and for which underwriters are liable for loss under a policy of insurance.","related":["AMOUNT OF LOSS","AMOUNT AT RISK","STATED AMOUNT","NET AMOUNT AT RISK","HELD COVERED","FACE AMOUNT","AGREED AMOUNT CLAUSE","PRESENT VALUE (PV) OF A FUTURE AMOUNT","MINIMUM AMOUNT POLICY","AMOUNT REALIZED"]}
{"title":"ADOPT","definition":"To accept, appropriate, choose, or select; to make that one’s own (property or act) which was not so originally. To adopt a route for the transportation of the mail means to take the steps necessary to cause the mail to be transported over that route. Rhodes v. U. S., Dev. Ct. CI. 47. To adopt a contract is to accept it as binding, notwithstanding some defect which entitles the party to repudiate it. Thus, when a person affirms a voidable contract, or ratifies a contract made by his agent beyond his authority, he is said to adopt it Sweet. To accept, consent to, and put into effective operation; as in the case of a constitution, constitutional amendment, ordinance, or by-law. Real v. Teople, 42 N. Y. 2S2; People v. Norton, 59 Barb. (N. Y.) 191. To take into one’s family the child of another and give him or her the rights, privileges, and duties of a child and heir. State v. Thompson, 13 La. Ann. 515; Abney v. De Loach, 84 Ala. 393, 4 South. 757; In re Sessions’ Estate, 70 Micli. 297, 38 N. W. 249, 14 Am. St. Rep. 500; Smith v. Allen, 32 App. Div. 374, 53 N. Y. Supp. 114. Adoption of children was a tiling unknown to the common law, but was a familiar practice under the Roman law and in those countries where the civil law prevails, as France and Spain. Modern statutes authorizing adoption are taken from the civil law, and to that extent modify the rules of the common law as to the succession of property. Butterfield v. Sawyer, 187 111. 59S, 58 N. E. 002, 52 L. R. A. 75, 79 Am. St. Rep. 240; Vidal v. Commagere, 13 La. ADS Ann. 516; Eckford v. Knox, 67 Tex. 200, 2 S. W. 372.","related":["NATURAL CHILD","ADOPTION AND LEGITIMATION","SOCIETAS","PUPILLARIS SUBSTITUTIO","CONSENSUAL AND REAL","ARROGATION","PALLIO COOPERIRE","TRANSACTION","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","RESOLUTION"]}
{"title":"ADSTIPULATOR","definition":"In Roman law. An accessory party to a promise, who received the same promise as his principal did, and could equally receive and exact payment; or lie only stipulated for a part of that for which the principal stipulated, and then his rights were coextensive with the amount of his own stipulation. Sandars, Just. Inst. (5th Ed.) 348.","related":["CONDICTIO CERTI","CUJUS JURIS (T E, JURISDICTIONIS) EST PRINCIPALE, EJUSDEM JURIS ERIT ACCESSO- RIUM","UNDERTAKING","REBATE","RATCHET CLAUSE","OPEN-BOOK CREDIT","PATRICIDE","NOXAL ACTION","BENEFICINM ABSTINENDI","COMMON RIGHT"]}
{"title":"ADVENTITIOUS","definition":"That which comes Incidentally, fortuitously, or out of the regular course. “Adventitious value” of lands, see Central R. Co. v. State Board of Assessors, 49 N. J. Daw, 1, 7 Atl. 300.","related":["Labor Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ADVISED","definition":"Prepared to give Judgment, after examination and deliberation. “The court took time to be advised.” 1 Leon. 187.","related":["ADVISED LINE","ADVISED CREDIT","0 WRIT OF ERROR","REPLEADER","PROCEDENDO","INFORMATUS NON SUM","AD VIS ARE, ADVISARI","DEFINITIVE","SUMMARY JUDGMENT","REVIEW"]}
{"title":"AUTREFOIS CONVICT","definition":"Formerly convicted. In criminal law. A plea by a criminal in bar to an indictment that he has been formerly convicted of the same identical crime. 4 Bl. Comm. 336; 4 Steph. Comm. 404; Simco v. State, 9 Tex. App. 348; U. S. v. Olsen (D. C.) 57 Fed. 582; Shepherd v. People, 25 N. Y. 420.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Criminal Procedure","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"AVER, V","definition":"In pleading. To declare or assert; to set out distinctly and formally; to allege. In old pleading. To avouch or verify. Litt.","related":["AVER","AVER, N","AVER SILVER","AVER PENNY","AVER LAND","AVER CORN","AVERMENT","SET OUT","DEPARTURE","PRONOUNCE"]}
{"title":"AVET","definition":"A term used in the Scotch law, signifying to abet or assist.","related":["AID, V","DITTAY","ABET","ESCAMBIUM","AZURE","CONSTITUIMUS","COMMUNIO BONORUM","ARURA","CONTRACT OF SERVICE","AWAIT"]}
{"title":"AVULSION","definition":"The removal of a considerable quantity of soil from the land of one man, and its deposit upon or annexation to the land of another, suddenly and by the perceptible action of water. 2 Washb. Real Prop. 452. The property of the part thus separated continues in the original proprietor, in which respect avulsion differs from alluvion, by which an addition is insensibly made to a property by the gradual washing down of the river, and which addition becomes the property of the owner of the lands to which the addition is made. Wharton. And see Rees v. McDaniel, 115 Mo. 145, 21 S. W. 013; Nebraska v. Iowa. 143 U. S. 359, 12 Sup. Ct. 396, 36 L. Ed. 1S6; Bouvier v. Stricklett, 40 Neb. 792, 59 N. W. 550; Chicago v. Ward, 109 111. 392, 48 N. E. 927, 3S IJ. R. A. 849, 61 Am. St. Rep. 185.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law – 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Investigations)"]}
{"title":"AT COMMON LAW","definition":"As distinguished from a criminal action, it is one which seeks the establishment, recovery, or redress of private and civil rights. Civil suits relate to and affect, as to the parties against whom they are brought, only individual rights which are within their individual control, and which they may part with at their pleasure. The design of such suits is the enforcement of merely private obligations and duties. Criminal prosecutions, on the other hand, involve public wrongs, or a breach and violation of public rights and duties, which affect the whole community, considered as such in its social and aggregate capacity. The end they have in view is the prevention of similar offenses, not atonement or expiation for crime committed. Cancemi v. People, 18 N. Y. 128. Civil cases are those which involve disputes or contests between man and man, and which only terminate in the adjustment of the rights of plaintiffs and defendants. They include all cases which cannot legally be denominated “criminal eases.” Fenstermacher v. State, 19 Or. 504, 25 Pac. 142.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"AREOPAGITE","definition":"In ancient Greek law. A lawyer or chief judge of the Areopagus in capital matters in Athens; a tribunal so called after a hill or slight eminence, in a street of that city dedicated to Mars, where the court was held in which those judges were wont to sit. Wharton.","related":["ASSOCIATE","CORPORATION COURTS","HUSTINGS","SCABINI","BARONS OF THE EXCHEQUER","DOMESMEN","RECORDER OF LONDON","BISHOP’S COURT","PER CONSIDERATIONEM CUR IS","CHIEF JUSTICE OF ENGLAND"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","definition":"An argument from the greater to the less is of no force negatively; affirmatively it is. Jenk. Cent. 281.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","QUO MINUS","ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A COMMUNITER ACCIDEN- TIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST","E CONVERSO","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","VALET","CUI LICET QUOD MAJUS, NON, DEBET QUOD MINUS EST NON LICERC"]}
{"title":"ARMA REVERSATA","definition":"Reversed arms, a punishment for a traitor or felon. Cowell.","related":["ARMA IN ARMATOS SUMERE JURA SINNNT","ARMA MOLUTA","ARMA MODEL","AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL","ARMIGER","PELFE, or PELFRE","KEELHALE, KEELHAUL","SCUTUM ARMORUM","ULTIMUM SUPPLICIUM","PRODITOR"]}
{"title":"ARRAIGNS, CLERK OF","definition":"In English law. An assistant to the clerk of assise.","related":["CLERK OF ARRAIGNS","ARTICLED CLERK","CLERK OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS","CLERK OF ENROLLMENTS","CLERK OF ASSISE","CLERK OF THE MARKET","PELLS, CLERK OF THE","CLERK OF THE\nPEACE","COURT OF THE CLERK OF THE MARKET","RIDING CLERK"]}
{"title":"ARRESTMENT ^JURISDICTIONS FUNDANDZE CAUSA","definition":"In Scotch law. A process to bring a foreigner within the jurisdiction of the courts of Scotland. The warrant attaches a foreigner’s goods within the jurisdiction, and these will not be released unless caution or security be given.","related":["BREAKING OF ARRESTMENT","ARRESTMENT","CAUSA SCIENTISE PATET","LEVAND-ffi NAVIS CAUSA","DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA","EX CAUSA","CAUSA REI","CAUSA","IN CAUSA","LUCRI CAUSA"]}
{"title":"ARSON","definition":"Arson, at common law, is the act of unlawfully and maliciously burning the house of another man. 4 Steph. Comm. 99; 2 Ituss. Crimes, 896; Steph. Crim. Dig. 298. Arson, by the common law, is the willful and malicious burning of the house of another. The word “house,” as here understood, includes not merely the dwelling- house, but all outhouses which are parcel thereof. State v. McGowan, 20 Conn. 245, 52 Am. Dec. 336; Graham v. State, 40 Ala. 664; Allen v. State, 10 Ohio St. 300; State v. Porter, 90 N. C. 719; Hill v. Com., 98 Pa. 195; State v. McCoy, 162 Mo. 383, 62 S. W. 991. Arson is the malicious and willful burning of the house or outhouse of another. Code Ga. 18S2,","related":["BERNET","CRIMEN INEENDII","BAWDY-HOUSE","WILLFUL","WAREHOUSE","EQUITABLE WASTE","CALUMNIA","COMMON OF ESTOVERS","MALICE","CRUELTY TO ANIMALS"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT","definition":"A formal written allegation of the causes for impeachment; answering the same office as an indictment in an ordinary criminal proceeding.","related":["IMPEACHMENT","COLLATERAL IMPEACHMENT","SANS IMPEACHMENT DE WAST","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","IMPEACHMENT OF WITNESS","IMPEACHMENT OF A VERDICT","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF SET"]}
{"title":"ARTICULI MAGNAE\nCHARTAE","definition":"The preliminary articles, forty-nine in number, upon which the Magna Charta was founded.","related":["Nonprofit Corporate Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","MAGNA CHARTA","ARTICULI SUPER CHARTAS","Contracts I","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","ARTICULI CLERI","ARTICULI"]}
{"title":"ASCEND","definition":"To go up; to pass up or upwards ; to go or pass in the ascending line. 4 Kent, Comm. 303, 307.","related":["ASCENT","ASCENDIENTES","CONSANGUINITY","ATAVUS","ANIMO","ASCENDANTS","ENTIRETY","DIRECT","DURESS OF IMPRISONMENT","NATURAL ALLEGIANCE"]}
{"title":"ASSAY OFFICE","definition":"The staff of persons by whom (or the building in whicht the process of assaying gold and silver, required by government, incidental to maintaining the coinage, is conducted.","related":["ANNUAL ASSAY","ASSAY","ASSAY TON","OFFICE","STATIONERY OFFICE","PUBLIC DEBT OFFICE","POST-OFFICE","PRIVATE BILL OFFICE","POLITICAL OFFICE","CENTRAL OFFICE"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT CONTRACT","definition":"One wherein the payment of the benefit is in any manner or degree dependent on the collection of an assessment levied on persons holding similar contracts. Folkens v. Insurance Co., 98 Mo. App. 480, 72 S. V. 720.","related":["ASSESSMENT","SELF-ASSESSMENT","SPECIAL ASSESSMENT","CONTRACT OF INDEMNITY","SPECIAL ASSESSMENT BOND","ASSESSMENT FUND","ASSESSMENT ROLL IN TAXATION","ASSESSMENT COMPANY","LOSS ASSESSMENT CHARGE","TOTAL POTENTIAL COST OF A CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT FOR BENEFIT OF CREDITORS","definition":"An assignment whereby a debtor, generally an insolvent, transfers to another his property, in trust to pay his debts or apply the property upon their payment. Van Patten v. Burr, 52 Iowa, 518, 3 N. W. 524.","related":["GENERAL ASSIGNMENT TO CREDITORS","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT","PREFERENTIAL ASSIGNMENT","CREDITORS’ BILL","RANKING OF CREDITORS","EXISTING CREDITORS","ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ASSISA NOVAE DISSEY- SINSE","definition":"Assise of novel disseisin, which see.","related":["DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA","ASSISA CADERE","ASSISA MORTIS D’ANCESTORIS","ASSISA ULTIMSE PRSESENTATIONIS","ASSISA FRISCSE FORTIAE","ASSISA DE FORESTA","ASSISA VENA- LINM","ASSISA CONTINNANDA","DE MAGNA ASSISA ELIGENDA"]}
{"title":"ASSISER","definition":"An assessor; juror; an officer who has the care and oversight of weights and measures.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Investigations)","Evidence 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Torts (Selmi)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPSIT","definition":"Lat He undertook; he promised. A promise or engagement by which one person assumes or undertakes to do some act or pay something to another. It may be either oral or in writing, but is not under seal. It is express if the promisor puts his engagement in distinct and definite language; it is implied where the law infers a promise (though no formal one has passed) from the conduct of the party or the circumstances of the case. In practice. A form of action which lies for the recovery of damages for the non-performance of a parol or simple contract; or a contract that is neither of record nor under seal. 7 Term, 351; Ballard v. Walker, 3 Johns. Cas. (N. Y.) 60. The ordinary division of this action is into (1) common or indebitatus assumpsit, brought for the most part on an implied promise; and (2) special assumpsit, founded on an express promise. Steph. PI. 11, 13. The action of assumpsit differs from trespass and trover, which are founded on a tort, not upon a contract; from covenant and debt, which are appropriate where the ground of recovery is a sealed instrument, or special obligation to pay a fixed sum; and from replevin, which seeks the recovery of specific property, if attainable, rather than of damages.","related":["Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF SET","definition":"In Scotch law. An agreement for a lease. Paters. Comp.","related":["ARTICLES APPROBATORY","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF RONP","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF THE\nPEACE","PROPRIETARY ARTICLES"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL FORCE","definition":"In patent law. A natural force so transformed in character or energies by human power as to possess new capabilities of action; this transformation of a natural force into a force practically new involves a true inventive act. Wall v. Leek, 06 Fed. 555, 13 C. C. A. 030.","related":["ARTIFICIAL PRESUMPTIONS","ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","OF FORCE","IRRESISTIBLE FORCE","ARTIFICIAL","ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET (ANN)","FORCE","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","FORCE MAJEURE","DE FINE FORCE"]}
{"title":"ASCRIPTITIUS","definition":"In Roman law. A foreigner who had been registered and naturalized in the colony in which he resided. Cod. 11, 47.","related":["EXTRANEUS","ALIEN, N","ARRESTMENT ^JURISDICTIONS FUNDANDZE CAUSA","FICTIO","CITIZENSHIP TEST","SUPERNUMERARY","HEABRIGHT CERTIFICATE","LEGAL ADDRESS","QUIRITARIAN OWNERSHIP","METROPOLIS"]}
{"title":"ASSECURATOR","definition":"In maritime law. An insurer, (aversor periculi.) Locc. de Jure Mar. lib. 2, c. 5,","related":["JUS FLUMINUM","ANIMUS RECUPERANDI","JUS NAVIGANDI","ANGARIA","JUS STAPULZE","BILL OF GROSS ADVENTURE","ADMIRALTY LAW","ADMIRAL","FRONTING INSURER","SALVAGE LIEN"]}
{"title":"ASSESSOR","definition":"An officer chosen or appointed to appraise, value, or assess property. In civil and Scotch law. Persons skilled in law, selected to advise the judges of the inferior courts. Bell; Dig. 1, 22; Cod. 1, 51. p A person learned in some particular science U or industry, who sits with the judge on the trial of a cause requiring such special knowledge and gives his advice. In England it is the practice in admiralty business to call In assessors, in cases involv- Q ing questions of navigation or seamanship. They are called “nautical assessors,” and are always Brethren of the Trinity House.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNS","definition":"Assignees; those to whom property shall have been transferred. Now seldom used except in the phrase, in deeds, “heirs, administrators, and assigns.” Grant v. Carpenter, 8 R. I. 36; Baily v. De Cres- pigny, 10 Best. \u0026 S. 12.","related":["HEIRS AND ASSIGNS","TO HAVE AND TO HOLD","GRANT DEED","SINGLE BOND","WRIT OF DETINUE","PER AND POST","REDUNDANCY","GRANT","CLERKS OF SEATS","REVERSION"]}
{"title":"ASSISA CADERE","definition":"To fail in the assise ; i. e., to be nonsuited. Cowell; 3 Bl. Comm. 402.","related":["Payment Systems","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA","ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE","ASSISA DE CLARENDON","ASSISA CADIT IN JUR A TURN","ASSISA VENA- LINM","ASSISA DE NOCUMENTO","ASSISA DE MEN- SURIS","ASSISA DE FORESTA"]}
{"title":"ASSITHMENT","definition":"Weregeld or compensation by a pecuniary mulct Cowell.","related":["Nonprofit Corporate Law","Remedies","Trust and Will","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Secured Transactions","Civil Law Torts","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Payment Systems","COMPENSATION","Contracts I (Hillman)"]}
{"title":"ASSURER","definition":"An insurer against certain perils and dangers; an underwriter; an indemnifier.","related":["INSURANCE","DANGERS OF NAVIGATION","BROAD FORM","TAKE-UP FEE","MAP CLERK","ASSURED","PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE","ADVANCE OPTION","INSURER","FRONTING INSURER"]}
{"title":"AT SEA","definition":"Out of the limits of any port or harbor on the sea-coast. The Harriet 1 Story, 251, Fed. Cas. No. 6,099. See Wales v. Insurance Co., 8 Allen (Mass.) 380; Hubbard v. Hubbard, 8 N. Y. 199; Ex parte Thompson, 4 Bradf. Sur. (N. Y.) 158; Hut- ton v. Insurance Co., 7 Hill (N. Y.) 325; Bowen v. Insurance Co., 20 Pick. (Mass.) 276, 32 Am. Dec. 213; U. S. v. Symonds, 120 U. S. 46, 7 Sup. Ct. 411, 30 L Ed. 557; U. S. v. Barnette, 165 U. S. 174, 17 Sup. Ct 286, 41 L. Ed. 675.","related":["CARGO","ECCLESIASTICAL COUNCIL","COMMON FORM","COTTAGE","NOMINATIO AUCTORIS","BONA LAT N","POTESTAS","COMMON THIEF","ROD KNIGHTS","INSURABLE INTEREST"]}
{"title":"ATTACHIAMENTA DE GPINIS ET BOSCIS","definition":"A privilege granted to the officers of a forest to take to their own use thorns, brush, and windfalls, within their precincts. Kenn. Par. Antiq. 209.","related":["Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Payment Systems","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"ATTEST","definition":"To witness the execution of a written instrument, at the request of him who makes it, and subscribe the same as a witness. White v. Magarahan, 87 Ga. 217, 13 S. E. 009; Logwood v. Hussey, 60 Ala. 424; Arriugton v. Arrington, 122 Ala. 510, 26 South. 152. This is also the technical word by which, in the practice in many of the states, a certifying officer gives assurance of the genuineness and correctness of a copy. An “attested” copy of a document is one which has been examined and compared with the original, with a certificate or memorandum of its correctness, signed by the persons who have examined it. Goss, etc., Co. v. People, 4 111. App. 515; Donaldson v. Wood, 22 Wend. (N. Y.) 400; Gerner v. Mosher, 58 Neb. 135, 78 N. W. 384, 46 L. R. A. 244.","related":["CERTIFIED COPY","BREVE TESTATUM","CONFORMED COPY","CERTIFICATE FOR COSTS","UNDERWRITE","COPY","TRASLADO","SIX CLERKS","CROSS-EXAMINATION","REEXAMINATION"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY OF THE WARDS AND LIVERIES","definition":"In English law. This was the third officer of the duchy court. Bac. Abr. “Attorney.”","related":["COURT OF WARDS AND LIVERIES","WARDS AND EIVERIES","ATTORNEY AT LAW","ATTORNEY GENERAL","PUBLIC ATTORNEY","WARDS OF COURT","CASUALTIES OF WARDS","DISTRICT ATTORNEY","KING’S CORONER AND ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY IN FACT"]}
{"title":"AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM","definition":"Hear the other side; hear both sides. No man should be condemned unheard. Broom, Max. 113. See L. R. 2 P. C. 106.","related":["LAWFUL","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","NEMO PUNITDR","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Property Law – 2","QUI NON PROHIBET","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AD ALIUD EXAMEN","definition":"To another tribunal; belonging to another court, cognizance, or jurisdiction.","related":["ALIUD EXAMEN","ALIUD EST DISTINCTIO, ALIUD SEPARATIO","EXAMEN","ALIND EST VENDERE, ALIUD VENDENTI CON- SENTIRE","PROHIBITION","INSTANCIA","CIRCUIT COURTS","HIGH COURT OF ADMIRALTY","APPELLATE JURISDICTION","REMOVAL OF CAUSES"]}
{"title":"AD DIEM","definition":"At a day; at the day. Townsh. Pi. 23. Ad certum diem, at a certain day. 2 Strange, 747. Solvit ad diem; lie paid at or on the day. 1 Chit. Pi. 4S5.","related":["POST DIEM","ADJONRNAMENTNM EST AD DIEM DICERE SEU DIEM DARE","PER DIEM","IN DIEM","DE DIE IN DIEM","AD HUNC DIEM","AD ALIUM DIEM","COMPERUIT AD DIEM","ET MODO AD HUNC DIEM","PER DIEM BUSINESS INTERRUPTION"]}
{"title":"AD HOC","definition":"For this; for this special purpose. An attorney ad hoc, or a guardian or curator ad hoc, is one appointed for a special purpose, generally to represent the client or infant in the particular action in which the appointment is made. Sallier v. Rosteet. 108 La. 37S, 32 South. 3S3; Bienvenu v. Insurance Co., 33 La. Ann. 212.","related":["CURATOR","TUTOR","CURATRIX","CONCURATOR","APPOINTMENT","PRODIGAL","TESTAMENTARY","CURATIO","DISTRACTIO BONORNM","CURATOR AD HOC"]}
{"title":"AD MANUM","definition":"At hand; ready for use. Et querens sectam halicat ad manum; and the plaintiff immediately have his suit ready. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 44,","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Remedies","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Torts I Outline"]}
{"title":"AD QUOD NON FUIT RESPONSUM","definition":"To which there was no answer. A phrase used in the reports, where a point advanced in argument by one party was not denied by the other; or where a point or argument of counsel was not met or noticed by the court; or where an objection was met by the court, and not replied to by the counsel who raised it. 3 Coke, 9; 4 Coke, 40.","related":["Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Patent Law","Contracts I","California Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"AD VENTREM INSPICIENDUM","definition":"To Inspect the womb. A writ for the summoning of a jury of matrons to determine the question of pregnancy.","related":["DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO","VENIRE","JURYWOMAN","JURY","MORT D’ANCESTOR","CONVENTIO","DE STATE PROBANDA","SUMMONITIO","ABORTION STATUTES AND LAWS","STATE GRAND JURY"]}
{"title":"ADEEM","definition":"In Spanish law. A governor of a province; a president or president judge; a judge having jurisdiction over a kingdom, or over certain provinces only. So called from having authority over the judges of those places. Las Partidas, pt 3, tit 4, 1. 1.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Bill Of Rights","Constitutional Law","Constitution of The United States of America","Professional Responsibility","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ADIATION","definition":"A term used in the laws of Holland for the application of property by an executor. Wharton.","related":["Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Trust and Will","Property Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","EXECUTOR","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law (Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander, Schill, 7th ed.)"]}
{"title":"ADJOURNMENT DAY","definition":"A further day appointed by the judges at the regular sittings at nisi prius to try issue of fact not then ready for trial.","related":["ADJOURNMENT DAY IN ERROR","ADJOURNMENT SINE DIE","ADJOURNMENT","ADJOURNMENT\nIN EYRE","ASSOCIATE","ASSISE, OR ASSIZE","SITTINGS","COURT OF OYER AND TERMINER","COURTS OF ASSIZE AND NISI PRIUS","POSTEA"]}
{"title":"ADJUVARI QUIPPE NOS, NON DECIPI, BENE- FICIO OPORTET","definition":"We ought to be favored, not injured, by that which is intended for our benefit. (The species of bailment called “loan” must be to the advantage of the borrower, not to his detriment.) Story, Bailm. | 275. See S El. \u0026 Bl. 1051.","related":["DECIPI QUAM FALLERE EST TUTINS","BILL TO TAKE TESTIMONY DE BENE ESSE","OPORTET QUOD CERTA 856 \nOPTIONAL WRIT","DE BENE ESSE","BENE LAT","DE SE BENE GERENDO","DUM BENE SE GESSERIT","AD RECTE DOCENDUM OPORTET, PRIMUM IN- QUIRERE NOMINA, QUIA RERUM COGNITIO A\nNOMINIBUS RERUM DEPENDET","QUAMDIU SE BENE GESSERIT","DURANTE BENE PLACITO"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES","definition":"The management and settlement of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator who has no executor, performed under the supervision of a court, by a person duly qualified and legally appointed, and usually involving (1) the collection of the decedent’s assets; (2) payment of debts and claims against him and expenses ; (3) distributing the remainder of the estate among those entitled thereto. The term is applied broadly to denote the management of an estate by an executor, and also the management of estates of minors, lunatics, etc., in those cases where trustees have been appointed by authority of law to take charge of such estates in place of the legal owners. Bouvier; Crow v. Ilubard, 02 Md. 505. Administration is principally of the following kinds, viz.: Ad colligendum bona dcfuncti. To collect the goods of the deceased. Special letters of administration granted to one or more persons, authorizing them to collcct and preserve the goods of the deceased, are so called. 2 Bl. Comm. 505; 2 Steph. Comm. 241. These are otherwise termed “letters ad colligendum,” and the party to whom they are granted, a “collector.” An administrator ad colligendum is the mere agent or officer of the court to collect and preserve the goods of the deceased until some one is clothed with authority to administer them, and cannot complain that another is appointed administrator in chief. Flora v. Menace, 12 Ala. 830. Ancillary administration is auxiliary and subordinate to the administration at the place of the decedent’s domicile; it may be taken out in any foreign state or country where assets are locally situated, and is merely for the purpose of collecting such assets and paying debts there.","related":["ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION","STIPENDIARY ESTATES","CUSTOMARY ESTATES","ESTATES OF THE REALM","LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION","SPECIAL ADMINISTRATION","ADMINISTRATION SUIT","PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION","GENERAL ADMINISTRATION","COLLECTOR OF DECEDENT ESTATE"]}
{"title":"ADMITTANCE","definition":"In Euglish law. The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate. It is of three kinds: (1) Upon a voluntary grant by the lord, where the land has escheated or reverted to him. (2) Upon surrender by the former tenant. (3) Upon descent, where the heir is tenant on his ancestor’s death.","related":["INTRUDER","ASTITRARIUS HJERES","CROPPER","HEIR","PRIVITY","VERGE, or VIRGE","INHERITANCE","RESURRENDER","ENFRANCHISEMENT OF COPYHOLDS","GRESSUME"]}
{"title":"ADOPTIVE ACT","definition":"An act of legislation which comes into operation within a limited area upon being adopted, in manner prescribed therein, by the inhabitants of that area.","related":["EEX","PERMISSIBLE DOSE","COUNTRY","BOROUGH COURTS","URBS","STATUTORY MEETING","STATUTORY RESTRICTION","PIGNORIS CAPIO","NOTIFY","STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS"]}
{"title":"ADULTERATION","definition":"The act of corrupting or debasing. The term is generally applied to the act of mixing up with food or drink intended to be sold other matters of an inferior quality, and usually of a more or less deleterious quality. Grosvenor v. Duffy, 121 Mich. 220, 80 N. W. 19; Com. v. Ilufnal, 185 Pa. 370, 39 Atl. 1052; People v. West, 44 Hun (N. Y.) 102.","related":["CLOSE, V","CHASTE CHARACTER","QUALITY CIRCLE (QC)","PROSECUTING ATTORNEY","ISLAND","TEST","WHITEHART SILVER\nNWEST SAXON LAGE","DEFRAUD","JUS ANGLORUM","COMMITMENT"]}
{"title":"ADVENTURE","definition":"In mercantile law. Sending goods abroad under charge of a supercargo or other agent, at the risk of the sender, to be disposed of to the best advantage for the benefit of the owners. The goods themselves so sent. In marine insurance. A very usual word in policies of marine insurance, and everywhere used as synonymous, or nearly so, with “perils.” It is often used by the writers to describe the enterprise or voyage as a “marine adventure” insured against. Moores v. Louisville Underwriters (C. C.) 14 Fed. 233.","related":["ADVENTURE, BILL OF","JOINT ADVENTURE","BILL OF ADVENTURE","ADVENTURE CAPITALIST","AVENTURE, OR ADVENTURE","GROSS ADVENTURE","BILL OF GROSS ADVENTURE","DEDUCTION FOR NEW","ROUTE","ACCUMULATION CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"ADVOCARE","definition":"Lat. To defend; to call to one’s aid ; to vouch ; to warrant.","related":["VOUCH","WARRANTIZARE","DE WARRANTIA CHART","VOCO","VOUCHEE","NAKED CALL","APPROVER","FIRST CALL DATE","PUT ON A PUT","PUT ON ACALL"]}
{"title":"ADVOUTRY","definition":"In old English law. Adultery between parties both of whom were married. Hunter v. U. S., 1 Pin. (Wis.) 91, 39 Am. Dec. 277. Or the offense by an adulteress of continuing to live with the man with whom she committed the adultery. Cowell; Termes de la Ley. Sometimes spelled “advowtry.”","related":["DOUBLE ADULTERY","AVOWTERER","IN THE CIVIL LAW AN ADULTERESS; A WOMAN GUILTY OF ADULTERY DIG 48, 5, 4,\nPR; ID 4S, 5, 15, 8","FORNICATION","AVOWTRY","EISNE","SPOUSE-BREACH","STUPRUM","ESKIPPESON","ADULTERY"]}
{"title":"AFFECTUS","definition":"Disposition; intention, impulse or affection of the mind. One of the causes for a challenge of a juror is propter affectum, on account of a suspicion of bias or favor. 3 Bl. Comm. 363; Co. Litt. 156.","related":["AFFECTUS PUNITUR LICET NOIL SEQUATUR EFFECTUS","PRINCIPAL CHALLENGE","CHALLENGE\nPROPTER AFFECTUM","ANIMO","CHALLENGE TO THE FAVOR","CHALLENGE","DELICTUM","IMPULSE","CHALLENGE PROPTER DEFECTUM","DE ODIO ET ATIA"]}
{"title":"AFFIDAVIT TO HOLD TO BAIL","definition":"An affidavit made to procure the arrest of the defendant in a civil action.","related":["BAIL TO THE SHERIFF, OR BAIL BELOW","AFFIDAVIT OF DEFENSE","BAIL, N","SPECIAL BAIL","STRAW BAIL NOMINAL OR\nWORTHLESS BAIL","COUNTER-AFFIDAVIT","SUPPLEMENTAL AFFIDAVIT","FALSE AFFIDAVIT","AFFIDAVIT OF\nSERVICE","POVERTY AFFIDAVIT"]}
{"title":"A SOLEMN RELIGIOUS ASSEVERATION IN THE NATURE OF AN OATH","definition":"1 Greenl. Ev.","related":["OATH SOLEMN","ASSEVERATION","RELIGIOUS","RELIGIOUS LIBERTY","SOLEMN WILL","SOLEMN","SOLEMN OCCASION FOR ADVISORY OPINION","JUS NATURE","LAW OF NATURE","STATES OF NATURE"]}
{"title":"ASSOILZIE","definition":"In Scotch law. To acquit the defendant in an action; to find a criminal not guilty.","related":["CLENGE","EXCULPATE","PONIT SE SUPER PATRIAM","GENERAL VERDICT","PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE","SPECIAL VERDICT","LEGAL DEFENSE COUNSEL","DECLARATORY ACTION","NOT GUILTY","ABSOLVE"]}
{"title":"ASTRIHILTET","definition":"In Saxon law. A penalty for a wrong done by one in the king’s peace. The offender was to replace the damage twofold. Spelman.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Labor Law","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ATMATERTERA","definition":"A great-grandfather’s grandmother’s sister, (ataviw soror;) called by Bracton “atmatertera magna.” Bract, fol. 686.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","MAGNA CHARTA","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","PROPATRUUS","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ATTEMPT","definition":"In criminal law. An effort or endeavor to accomplish a crime, amounting to more than mere preparation or planning for it, and which, if not prevented, would have resulted in the full consummation of the act attempted, but which, in fact, does not bring to pass the party’s ultimate design. People v. Moran, 123 N. Y. 254, 25 N. E. 412, 10 L. R. A. 109, 20 Am. St. Rep. 732; Gandy v. State, 13 Neb. 445, 14 N. W. 143; Scott v. People, 141 111. 195, 30 N. E. 329; Brown v. State, 27 Tex. App. 330, 11 S. W. 412; U. S. v. Ford (D. C.) 34 Fed. 26; Com. v. Eagan, 190 Pa. 10, 42 Atl. 374. An intent to do a particular criminal thing combined with an act which falls short of the thing intended. 1 Bish. Crim. Law,","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Secured Transactions","Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"ATTORNATO FACIE NDO VEL RE- CIPIENDO","definition":"In old English law. An obsolete writ which commanded a sheriff or steward of a county court or hundred court to receive and admit an attorney to appear for the person who owed suit of court Fitzh. Nat. Brev. 15a","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Payment Systems","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","California Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"AUCTIONARI-IE","definition":"Catalogues of goods for public sale or auction.","related":["Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Contracts I","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Trademark Law","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AUGMENTATION","definition":"The increase of the crown’s revenues from the suppression of religious houses and the appropriation of their lands and revenues. Also the name of a court {now abolished) erected 27 Hen. VIII., to determine suits and controversies relating to monasteries and abbey-lands.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Family Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"AUTER ACTION PENDANT","definition":"In pleading. Another action pending. A species of plea in abatement. 1 Chit. PI. 454.","related":["AUTRE ACTION PENDANT","PRISEL EN AUTER LIEU","AUTER, AUTRE","AUTER DROIT","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","CHOSE IN ACTION","PENDING ACTION","POSSESSORY ACTION","VEXATIOUS ACTION","ACTION ON THE CASE"]}
{"title":"AUTRE","definition":"L. Fr. Another.","related":["AUTER, AUTRE","AUTRE ACTION PENDANT","AUTRE DROIT","AUTRE VIE","ESTATE PUR AUTRE VIE"]}
{"title":"AVAILS","definition":"Profits, or proceeds. This word seems to have been construed only in reference to wills, and in them it means the corpus or proceeds of the estate after the payment of the debts. 1 Amer. \u0026 Eng. Enc. Law, 1039. See Allen v. De Witt, 3 N. Y. 279; McNaughton v. McNaughton, 34 N. Y. 201.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Trust and Will","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AVERIA CARRNCSE","definition":"Beasts of the plow","related":["MAGNA AVERIA","AVERIA","AFFRI","CHARUE","ARATRUM TERRA","CHASE","FOREST","CATALLA OTIOSA","ELEGIT","ARALIA"]}
{"title":"AVOUE","definition":"In French law. A barrister, advocate, attorney. An officer charged with representing and defending parties before the tribunal to which he is attached. Duverger.","related":["BARRISTER","PURGE DES HYPOTHEQUES","ATTORNEYATLAW","PRET","RENTE","PREMIER SERJEANT, THE \nQUEEN’S","ATTORNEY AT LAW","FOR","DISBAR","INSTRUCT"]}
{"title":"AYANT CAUSE","definition":"In French law. This term signifies one to whom a right has been assigned, either by will, gift, sale, exchange, or the like; an assignee. An ayant cause differs from an heir who acquires the right by inheritance. 8 Toullier, n. 245. The term Is used in Louisiana.","related":["HEIR-LOOMS","RAPPORT A SUCCESSION","GIFT TAX","POT-DE-VIN","BARTER","SYNDIC","CONSEIL DE FAMILLE","LUCRA NUPTIALIA","ASSIGNATION","ASSIGNEE"]}
{"title":"ACTIO\nEOMMUNI DIVIDUNDO","definition":"An action to procure a judicial division of joint property. Hunter. Rom. Law, 194. It was analogous in its object to proceedings for partition in modern law.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Trust and Will","Family Law"]}
{"title":"ACTIO FURTI","definition":"An action of theft; an action founded upon theft. Inst. 4, 1, 13-17; Bract, fol. 144. This could only be brought for lite penalty attached to the offense, and not to recover the thing stolen itself, for which other actions were provided. Inst. 4, 1, 1!).","related":["DE PIGNORE SURREPTO FURTI, ACTIO","CRIMEN FURTI","ACTIO VI BONORUM\nRAPTORUM","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO FAMILIES ERCISCUNDCE","ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO EX DELICTO","EX STIPULATU ACTIO","ACTIO IN FACTUM"]}
{"title":"ACTIO\nQUOD JUSSU","definition":"An action given against a master, founded on some business done by his slave, acting under his order, (jussu.) Inst. 4, 7, 1; Dig. 15, 4; Cod. 4, 20.","related":["QUOD JUSSU","ACTIO NOXALIS","ACTIO QUOD\nINETUS CAUSA","NOXALIS ACTIO","ACTIO FURTI","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","EXERCITORIA ACTIO","CUI LICET QUOD MAJUS, NON, DEBET QUOD MINUS EST NON LICERC","ACTIO\nNTILIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO IN PERSONAM","definition":"In the civil law. An action against the person, founded on a personal liability; an action seeking redress for the violation of a jus in personam or right available against a particular individual. In admiralty law. An action directed against the particular person who is to be charged with the liability. It is distinguished from an actio in rem, which is a suit directed against a specific thing (as a vessel) irrespective of the ownership of it, to enforce a claim or lien upon it, or to obtain, out of the thing or out of the proceeds of its sale, satisfaction for an injury alleged by the claimant.","related":["ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","IN PERSONAM, IN REM","ACTIO EMPTI","ACTIO","JUS IN PERSONAM","ACTIO DE DOLO\nMALO","ACTIO NOXALIS","ACTIO EX\nSTIPULATU","IN PERSONAM","HYPOTHECAKIA ACTIO"]}
{"title":"ACTION ON THE CASE","definition":"A species of personal action of very extensive application, otherwise called “trespass on the case,” or simply “case,” from the circumstance of the plaintiff’s whole case or cause of complaint being set forth at length in the original writ by which formerly it was always commenced. 3 Bl. Comm. 122. Mobile L. Ins. Co. v. Randall, 74 Ala. 170; Cramer v. Fry (C. C.) 08 Fed. 201; Sharp v. Curtiss, 15 Conn. 520; Wallace v. Wilmington \u0026 N. R. Co., 8 lloust (Del.) 529, 18 Atl. 818.","related":["NO CASE TO ANSWER","BREAKING A CASE","CASE ON APPEAL","CASE RESERVED","CASE TO MOVE FOR NEW TRIAL","SHELLEY’S CASE, RULE IN","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","OPENING CASE","LAW OF THE CASE","RETRY A CASE"]}
{"title":"ACTOR QUI CONTRA REGULAM QUID ADDUXIT, NON EST AUDIENDUS","definition":"A plaintiff is not to be heard who has advanced anything against authority, (or against the rule.)","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Professional Responsibility"]}
{"title":"ACTUS","definition":"In the civil law. A species of right of way, consisting in the right of driving cattle, or a carriage, over the land subject to the servitude. Inst. 2, 3, pr. It is sometimes translated a “road,” and included the kind of way termed “iter,” or path. Lord Coke, who adopts the term “actus” from Bracton, defines it a foot and horse way, vulgarly called “pack and prime way;” but distinguishes it from a cart-way. Co. Litt. 56a; Boyden v. Achenbach, 79 N. C. 539. In old English law. An act of parliament ; a statute. A distinction, however, was sometimes made between actus and statutum. Actus parliamenti was an act made by the lords and commons; and it became statutum, when it received the king’s consent. Barring. Obs. St. 46, note 6.","related":["ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","FORISF ACTUS","ACTUS REUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS LEGITIMI NON RECIPIUNT MODUM","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS REPUGNUS NON POTEST IN ESSE PRODUCI"]}
{"title":"AFFINAGE","definition":"A refining of metals. Blount","related":["Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","METAL","METALLURGY","NOBLE METAL","AGE HARDENING","COMMODITY DERIVATIVE","CLASS-D FIRE","AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT","GOLD FUND"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE STATUTE","definition":"In legislation. A statute couched in affirmative or mandatory terms; one which directs the doing of an act, or declares what shall be done; as a negative statute is one which prohibits a thing from being done, or declares what shall not be done. I’lackslone describes affirmative acts of parliament as those “wherein justice is directed to be done according to the law of the land.” 1 Bl. Comm. 142.","related":["MARLBRIDGE, STATUTE OF","NOT GUILTY BY STATUTE","AFFIRMATIVE PREGNANT","AFFIRMATIVE DAMAGES","MERTON, STATUTE","RESTRAINING STATUTE","ACTON BURNEL, STATUTE OF","COUNT UPON A STATUTE","GLOUCESTER, STATUTE OF","STATUTE PERSONAL"]}
{"title":"AFORESAID","definition":"Before, or already said, mentioned, or recited; premised. Plowd. 67. Foresaid is used in Scotch law. Although the words “preceding” and “aforesaid” generally mean next before, and “following” means next after, yet a different signification will be given to them if required by the context and the facts of the case. Simpson v. Robert, 35 Ga. 180.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"AGARDER","definition":"L. Fr. To award, adjudge, or determine; to sentence, or condemn.","related":["CONDEMN","ADDICEREU LAT","DEEM","ADJUDGE","LETTER OF AWARD","ADJUDICATE","LAUDUM","C","DEGREE OF CRIME","CONFISCATE"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATIO MENTIUM","definition":"The meeting of minds. The moment when a contract is complete. A supposed derivation of the word “agreement.”","related":["Contracts I","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","Contracts I (Hillman)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AGNUS DEI","definition":"Lat Lamb of God. A piece of white wax, in a flat, oval form, like a small cake, stamped with the figure of a lamb, and consecrated by the pope. Cowell.","related":["SALUTE","RESCRIPT","SLADE","TAXATIO ECCLESIASTICA","CODICIL","SCUTEEEA","DOMINICUM","TAXATIO NORWICENSIS","SPECIES","SART"]}
{"title":"AGREZ","definition":"Fr. In French marine law. The rigging or tackle of a vessel. Ord. Mar. liv. 1, tit. 2, art. 1; Id. tit 11, art 2; Id liv. 3, tit. 1, art. 1L","related":["ATILIUM","ATTILE","AGREER","BATIMENT","HERNESIU M, or HERNASIUM","DELESTAGE","FANAL","CONTRE-MAITRE","LOCMAN","QUILLE"]}
{"title":"AINESSE","definition":"In French feudal law. The right or privilege of the eldest born; primogeniture; esnecy. Guyot, Inst Feud. c. 17.","related":["Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Professional Responsibility","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts 2"]}
{"title":"ALBACEA","definition":"In Spanish law. An executor or administrator; one who is charged with fulfilling and executing that which is directed by the testator in his testament or other last disposition. Emeric v. Alvarado, 64 Cal. 529, 2 Pac. 418, 433.","related":["HEREDERO","EXECUTOR","DE BONIS TESTATORIS AC SI","DE BONIS TESTATORIS, or INTES- TATI","tECONOMICUS","DEVASTAVIT","TESTAMENTUM","OFFICIOUS WILL","PROBATE","OLOGRAPHIC TESTAMENT"]}
{"title":"ALE-HOUSE","definition":"A place where ale is sold to be drunk on the premises where sold.","related":["TIPPLING HOUSE","BEER-HOUSE","INNER HOUSE","HOUSE","HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES","HOUSE OF CORRECTION","HOUSE OF ASSIGNATION","CONFIRMING HOUSE","EATING-HOUSE","HALFWAY HOUSE"]}
{"title":"ALIAS WRIT","definition":"An alias writ is a second writ issued in the same cause, where a former writ of the Bame kind had been issued without effect In such case, the language of the second writ is, “We command you, as we have before [sicut alias] commanded you,” etc. Roberts v. Church, 17 Conn. 142; Farris v. Walter, 2 Colo. App. 450, 31 Pac. 231.","related":["ALIAS DICTUS","WRIT OF INQUIRY","SICUT ALIAS","TESTE OF A WRIT","WRIT OF RIGHT","WRIT OF WASTE","ALIAS SUBPOENA","ALTERNATIVE WRIT","TWELVE-DAY WRIT","WRIT OF RESTITUTION"]}
{"title":"ALIENI GENERIS","definition":"Lat Of another kind. 3 P. Wins. 247.","related":["SUI GENERIS","EJUSDEM GENERIS","ALIENI GEN A","ALIENI JURIS","CONSCIENTIA REI ALIENI","JUS DICERE","IN KIND","ALIQUID POSSESSIONS ET NIHIL JURIS","DEFAULT JUDGMENT","MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ALIUNDE","definition":"Lat. From another source; from elsewhere; from outeide. Evidence aliunde (i. e., from without the will) may be received to explain an ambiguity in a will. 1 Greenl. Ev.","related":["AMBIGUITAS VEBORUM LATENS VERIFL- CATIONE SUPPLETUR; NAM QUOD EX FACTO ORITUR\nAMBIGUUM VERIFICATIONE FACTI TOLLITUR","AMBIGUITAS","LATENT","AMBIGUITAS VERBORUM PATENS NULLA VERIFICATIONE EXCLUDITUR","AMBIGUITY","AMBIGUITY UPON TLIE FACTUM","RECHT","CHIROGRAPHUM","A SOLEMN RELIGIOUS ASSEVERATION IN THE NATURE OF AN OATH","INADMISSIBLE"]}
{"title":"ALIEGIAKE","definition":"To defend and clear one’s self; to wage one’s own law.","related":["OPPORTUNITY WAGE","VADIARE DUEEEUM","ROLL UP COSTS","WARRANTIZARE","MINIMUM WAGE","RELATION OF EARNINGS TO INSURANCE","PURGE","EXPLANATION","CONCEPT","EXCULPATORY"]}
{"title":"ALLONGE","definition":"When the indorsements on a bill or note have filled all the blank space, it is customary to annex a strip of paper, called an “allonge,” to receive the further Indorsements. Fountain v. Bookstaver, 141 III. 4G1, 31 N. E. 17; Haug v. Itilev, 101 Ga. 372. 29 S. E. 44, 40 L. It. A. 244; Bishop v. Chase. 150 Mo. 158, 56 S. W. 10S0, 79 Am. St. Rep. 515.","related":["Payment Systems","Labor Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","OPTION","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","ASSIGNMENT","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY-TAX","definition":"An impost levied annually in Scotland for the maintenance of the ministers of religion.","related":["ANNUITY","ANNUITY CERTAIN","SURVIVORSHIP ANNUITY","PRESENT VALUE OF ANNUITY DUE","PRESENT VALUE OF ANNUITY","VARIABLE ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","ANNUITY DATE","TAX DEFERRED ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANON, AN, A","definition":"Abbreviations for anonymous.","related":["L L","LLB, IXM, and LLD","COMPELLATIVUS","C, CT, CTS","ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION","BLIND CERTIFICATE","BLIND AD","DIGITAL CASH","ANONYMIZING","ANONYMOUS"]}
{"title":"ANTI MANIFESTO","definition":"A term used in International law to denote a proclamation or manifesto published by one of two belligerent powers, alleging reasons why the war Is defensive on its part.","related":["MANIFESTO","ANTI-TRUST","ANTI TRUST LAWS","ANTI-TAKEOVER DEFENSE","ANTI-TAKEOVER LAWS","Anti-Theft Device","ROBINSON-PATMAN ANTI- DISCRIMINATION ACT","Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)","CERTIFIED ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SPECIALIST (CAMS)","TRUCE"]}
{"title":"APERTA BREVIA","definition":"Open, unsealed writs.","related":["Criminal Procedure","IN APERTA LUCE","BREVIA ADVERSARIA","BREVIA AMICABILIA","BREVIA DE\nENRSN","BREVIA\nJNDICIALIA","Payment Systems","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","BREVIA TESTATA","BREVIA SELECTA"]}
{"title":"APOSTACY","definition":"In English law. The total renunciation of Christianity, by embracing either a false religion or no religion at all. This offense can only take place in such as have once professed the Christian religion. 4 Bl. Comm. 43; 4 Steph. Comm. 231.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","First Amendment","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"APPARITIO","definition":"In old practice. Appearance; an appearance. Appuritio in judicio, an appearance in court. Bract, fol. 344. Post apparitionem, after appearance. Fleta, Ub. G, c. 10,","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Family Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"APPELLATE JURISDICTION","definition":"Jurisdiction on appeal; jurisdiction to revise or correct the proceedings in a cause already instituted and acted upon by an inferior court, or by a tribunal having the attributes of a court. Auditor of State v. Railroad Co., 6 Kan. 505. 7 Am. Rep. 575; State v. Anthony, 05 Mo. App. 543; State v. Baker, 19 Fla. 19; Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cranch, 101, 2 L. Ed. 554.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Constitutional Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civil Procedure","Secured Transactions","Family Law","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"APPLY","definition":"1. To make a formal request or petition, usually in writing, to a court, officer, board, or company, for the granting of some favor, or of some rule or order, which is within his or their power or discretion. For example, to apply for an Injunction, for a pardon, for a policy of insurance. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose : to appropriate and devote to a particular use, object, demand, or subject-matter. Thus, to apply payments to the reduction of interest. 3. To put, use, or refer, as suitable or relative ; to co-ordinate language with a particular subject-matter; as to apply the words of a statute to a particular state of facts.","related":["POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","APPROPRIATE","CERTAINTY","MANNER AND FORM; MODO ET FORMA","CROSS","BEAU-PLEADER","POPULAR SENSE","CO-ORDINATE","RECITE","CIRCUMSPECTE AGATIS"]}
{"title":"APPREHENSION","definition":"In practice. The seizure, taking, or arrest of a person on a criminal charge. The term “apprehension” is applied exclusively to criminal cases, and “arrest” to both criminal and civil cases. Cummings v. Clinton County, 181 Mo. 1G2, 79 S. W. 1127; Ralls County v. Stephens, 104 Mo. App. 115, 78 S. W. 291; Hogan v. Stoph- let. 179 111. 150, 53 N. E. 004, 44 L. R. A. 809. In the civil law. A physical or corporal act, (corpus,) on the part of one who intends to acquire possession of a thing, by which he brings himself into such a relation to the thing that he may subject it to his exclusive control; or by which he obtains the physical ability to exercise his power over the thing whenever he pleases. One of the requisites to the acquisition of judicial possession, and by which, when accompanied by intention, (animus,) possession is acquired. Mackeld. Rom. Law,","related":["TENERE","C C","CORPOREAL","CORPUS","JUS IN RE","HYPOTHECATION","P3DIS POSITIO","CEPI","AERSST","LITIGIOSITY"]}
{"title":"APPROVE","definition":"To take to one’s proper and separate use. To improve; to enhance the value or profits of anything. To inclose and cultivate common or waste land. To approve common or waste land is to Inclose and convert it to the purposes of husbandry, which the owner might always do. provided he left common sufficient for such as were entitled to it. St. Mert. c. 4; St. Westm. 2, c. 46; 2 Bl. Comm. 34; 3 Bl. Comm. 240; 2 Steph. Comm. 7; 3 Kent, Comm. 400. In old criminal law. To accuse or prove; to accuse an accomplice by giving evidence against him.","related":["DISTURBANCE OF COMMON","COVENANT RUNNING WITH LAND","DIVISUM IMPERIUM","INTAKES","GROSS AVERAGE","GIFT","COMMON OF PISCARY","DURESS OF IMPRISONMENT","COMMON OF ESTOVERS","TINBOUNDING"]}
{"title":"ADVOCATE, QUEEN’S","definition":"A member of the College of Advocates, appointed by letters patent, whose office is to advise and act as counsel for the crown in questions of civil, canon, and international law. His rank is next after the solicitor general.","related":["KING’S ADVOCATE","ADVOCATE, LORD","PREMIER SERJEANT, THE \nQUEEN’S","ADVOCATE","ADVOCATE GENERAL","CHAMPION OF THE KING OR QUEEN","DEVIL’S ADVOCATE","JUDGE ADVOCATE","JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL","QUEEN"]}
{"title":"ADVOWSON\nCOLLA- TIVE","definition":"Where the bishop happens himself to be the patron, in which case (presentation being impossible, or unnecessary) he does by one act, which is termed “collation,” or conferring the benefice, all that is usually done by the separate acts of presentation and institution. 2 Bi. Comm. 22. 23; 1 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 131,","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Labor Law","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AFFIANCE","definition":"A plighting of troth between man and woman. Litt.","related":["BETROTHMENT","DOS RATIONABILIS","JOINTRESS, JOINTURESS","DE EU ET TRENE","COVERT BARON, OR COVERT DE BARON","WAIVE, n","GENTLEWOMAN","CO-HEIRESS","TESTATRIX","MATRON"]}
{"title":"AFFINES","definition":"In the civil law. Connections by marriage, whether of the persons or their relatives. Calvin. Neighbors, who own or occupy adjoining lands. Dig. 10, 1, 12.","related":["Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AFFIX","definition":"To fix or fasten upon, to attach to, inscribe, or impress upon, as a signature, a seal, a trade-mark. Pen. Code N. Y.","related":["AFFIX A SEAL","COMMERCIAL MARK","IMITATION","PROPRIETOR","NOTARIZED DOCUMENT","SIGIE","MARK","SIGNUM","SOUS SEING PRIVE","EAR-MARK"]}
{"title":"AFORETHOUGHT","definition":"In criminal law. Deliberate; planned; premeditated; prepense State v. Peo, 9 Houst (Del.) 488, 33 BL.LAW DICT.(2D ED.)","related":["MALICE AFORETHOUGHT","FIRST-DEGREE MURDER","FORMED DESIGN","STOPOVER","AFFRAY","RIOT","ALIBI","ORGANIZED CRIME","COUNTERFEIT","IRRESISTIBLE IMPULSE"]}
{"title":"AGE","definition":"Signifies those periods in the lives of persons of both sexes which enable them to do certain acts which, before they had arrived at those periods, they were prohibited from doing. The length of time during which a person has lived or a thing has existed. In the old books, “age” is commonly used to signify “full age;” that is, the age of twenty-one years. Litt.","related":["ENABLING STATUTE","INFANT","RENTS, ISSUES, AND PROFITS","MINOR","ATTAINT","VIRGA TEBBX, (or VIRGATA TER-","ESTATE FOR LIFE","BAWD","REGRESS","IN PERSONAM, IN REM"]}
{"title":"AGGRESSOR","definition":"The party who first offers violence or offense. He who begins a quarrel or dispute, either by threatening or striking another.","related":["TENCON","BREACH OF THE PEACE","BRAWL","CRIMINAL COERCION","CONCUSSIO","GRIEVANCE MEDIATION","MOB","SECONDARY PICKETING","THREATENING LETTERS","TRESPASS"]}
{"title":"AGISTOR","definition":"One who takes in horses or other animals to pasture at certain rates. Story, Bailm.","related":["TEAMSTER","INNKEEPER","FIELD REEVE","BEASTS OF THE PLOW","REMITTEE","IN INDIVIDUO","PLEDGEE","RYOT","MANDANT","DRIVER"]}
{"title":"AGRI","definition":"Arable lands in common fields.","related":["CAPITULI AGRI","AGRI LIMITATI","UNCIA AGRI, UNCIA TERR","SHACK","COMMON APPENDANT","ESPLEES","COMMON RECOVERY","CONCEALERS","COMMON OF SHACK","FRACTITIUM"]}
{"title":"AIR","definition":"That fluid transparent substance which surrounds our globe. Bank v. Ken- nett 101 Mo. App. 370, 74 S. W. 474.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Torts 2","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"ALBANUS","definition":"In old French law. A stranger, alien, or foreigner.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Property Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)"]}
{"title":"ALE SILVER","definition":"A rent or tribute paid annually to the lord mayor of London, by those who sell ale within the liberty of the city.","related":["SLOUGH SILVER","GREEN SILVER","PLOW-SILVER","REP-SILVER","SHEEP-SILVER","SALT SILVER","AVER SILVER","SMOKE-SILVER","SNOTTERING SILVER","SILVER"]}
{"title":"ALIBI","definition":"Lat. In criminal law. Elsewhere; in another place. A term used to express that mode of defense to a criminal prosecution, where the party accused, in order to prove that he could not have committed the crime with which he is charged, offers evidence to show that he was in another place at the time; which is termed setting up an alibi. State v. McGarr.v, 111 Iowa, 709, S3 N. W. 718; State v. Child, 40 Kan. 4S2, 20 Pac. 275; State v. Powers, 72 Vt. 10S, 47 Atl. S30; Peyton v. State, 54 Neb. 188, 74 N. W. 597.","related":["FURTHERANCE","NEW FEDERALISM","HEAT OF PASSION","VIRES","IRRESISTIBLE IMPULSE","COUNTERFEIT","NATURAL CHILD","PROCURE","MISERERE","MEDIATE POWERS"]}
{"title":"ALIENI JURIS","definition":"Lat. Under the control, or subject to the authority, of another person; e. g., an infant who is under the authority of his father or guardian; a wife under the power of her husband. The term is contrasted with Sui JURIS, (q. r.)","related":["CUJUS JURIS (T E, JURISDICTIONIS) EST PRINCIPALE, EJUSDEM JURIS ERIT ACCESSO- RIUM","CORPUS JURIS","PUBLICI JURIS","ALIQUID POSSESSIONS ET NIHIL JURIS","NON SUI JURIS","ALIENI GEN A","CONSCIENTIA REI ALIENI","ALIENI GENERIS","INTER APICES JURIS","IN APICIBUS JURIS"]}
{"title":"ALL","definition":"Collectively, this term designates the whole number of particulars, individuals, or separate items; distributively. it may be equivalent to “each” or “every.” State v. Maine Cent. R. Co., 66 Me. 510; Sherburne v. Sischo, 143 Mass. 442, 9 N. E. 797.","related":["VOLUNTEER","RANGE","CARGO","PARTICULARS","REVENUE","COMMODITIES","COMMON THIEF","GRAMMAR SCHOOL","DOMESTIC ANIMALS","MEMORIAE"]}
{"title":"ALLEGING DIMINUTION","definition":"The allegation in an appellate court, of some error in a subordinate part of the nisi prius record.","related":["DIMINUTION","ASSOCIATE","SITTINGS","0 WRIT OF ERROR","CORAM NOBIS","COUNTY COURT","POSTEA","PLACITA","DIES DATUS IN BANCO","IN BANCO"]}
{"title":"ALLOT","definition":"To apportion, distribute; to divide property previously held in common among those entitled, assigning to each his ratable portion, to be held in severalty; to set apart specific property, a share of a fund, etc., to a distinct party. Glenn v. Glenn, 41 Ala. 5S2: Fort v. Allen, 110 N. C. 183, 14 S. E. 085. In the law of corporations, to allot shares, debentures, etc., is to appropriate them to the applicants or persons who have applied for them ; this is generally done by sending to each applicant a letter of allotment, informing him that a certain number of shares have been allotted to him. Sweet.","related":["SCRIP","PROSPECTUS","SHAREHOLDER LOAN","PURPART","SHARES OUTSTANDING","HOSPITAL","QUARANTINE","JOINT-STOCK CORPORATION","ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","QUASI CORPORATIONS"]}
{"title":"ALMOIN","definition":"Alms; a tenure of lands by divine service. See FRANKALMOIGNE.","related":["SPIRITUAL TENURES","DIVINE SERVICE","BASE TENURE","AUMONE, SERVICE IN","BORDAGE","VILLENAGE","CHAPLAIN","CESSAVIT PER BIENNIUM","SOCAGE","CAPITE"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE CONTRACT","definition":"A contract whose terms allow of performance by the doing of either one of several acts at the election of the party from whom performance is due. Crane v. Peer. 43 N. J. Eq. 553, 4 Atl. 72.","related":["BREACH OF CONTRACT","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT","FRUSTRATION OF CONTRACT","ALTERNATIVE","COLLATERAL CONTRACT","ALTERNATIVE PLEADING","ALTERNATIVE ROUTING","ALTERNATIVE MORTGAGE INSTRUMENT (AMI)","UNILATERAL CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ACTIO REDLIIBI- TORIA","definition":"An action to cancel a sale in consequence of defects in the thing sold. It was prosecuted to compel complete restitution to the seller of the tiling sold, with its produce and accessories, and to give the buyer back the price, with interest, as an, equivalent for the restitution ot’ the produce. Hunter, Rom. I,aw, 3″2.","related":["ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO PRA;TORIA","ACTIO VENDITI","ACTIO EMPTI","ACTIO MANDATI","ACTIO CALNMNISE","ACTIO\nEOMMUNI DIVIDUNDO","ACTIO\nCOMMODATI DIRECTA","ACTIO JUDICATI","ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NON ACCREVIT INFRA SEX ANNOS","definition":"The name of the plea of the statute of limitations, when the defendant alleges that the plaintiff’s action has not accrued within six years.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLEMISREPRESENTATION","definition":"A false statement respecting a fact material to the contract and which is influential in procuring it. Wise v. Fuller, 29 N. J. Eq. 257.","related":["Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Contracts I","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ACTORNAY","definition":"In old Scotch law. An attorney. Skene","related":["NEPUOY","SOVERTIE","LANDIMER","MURTHRUM","DISSASINA","FARANDMAN","MANZIE","OCHIERN","HERISCHULDA","CLARIFICATIO"]}
{"title":"ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","definition":"The act of God does injury to no one. 2 Bl. Comm. 122. A thing which is inevitable by the act of God, which no industry can avoid, nor policy prevent, will not be construed to the prejudice of any person in whom there was no laches. Broom, Max. 230.","related":["ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","DEFENDIT VIM ET INJURIAM","ACTNS NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA","INJURIA NON EXCUSAT INJURIAM","XQUITAS NON FACIT JUS, SED JURI AUXIL- IATUR","ACTIO NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA"]}
{"title":"AD AUDIENDUM ET TERMINAN- DUM","definition":"To hear and determine. St. Westm. 2, cc. 29, 30.","related":["DE AUDIENDO ET TERMINANDO","FORO","COURT OF PRIVATE LAND CLAIMS","AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM","AD COMPOTUM REDDENDUM","RETTE","DETUNICARI","RAGEMAN","CUSTOMS COURT","TRIORS"]}
{"title":"AD EXCAMBIUM","definition":"For exchange; for compensation. Bract, fol. 126, 376.","related":["Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Contracts I (Hillman)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","EXCAMBIUM","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","FUTURES EXCHANGE","Property Law – 2","COMPENSATION"]}
{"title":"AD IDEM","definition":"To the same point, or effect. Ad idem facit, It makes to or goes to establish the same point. Bract, fol. 27b.","related":["IDEM","IDEM SONANS","IDEM PER IDEM","NON BIS IN IDEM","DE SIMILIBUS IDEM EST JTULICANDUM","BONA FIDES NON PATITUR UT BIS IDEM EX- IGATUR","BIS IDEM EXIGI BONA FIDES NON PATITURI ET IN SATISFACTIONIBUS NON PERMITTITNR AMPLINS\nFIERI QUAM SEMEL FACTUM EST","REX","POSSESSIO CIVILIS","NEGATIVE"]}
{"title":"AD MELIUS INQUIRENDUM","definition":"A writ directed to a coroner commanding him to hold a second inquest. See 45 Law J. Q. B. 711.","related":["MELIUS INQUIRENDUM","AD INQUIRENDUM","DE CORONATORE ELIGENDO","CROWNER","INQUEST","DISTRINGAS VICE COMITEM","DE COPIA LIBELLI DELIBERANDA","CORONATORE ELIGENDO","DE CHAMPERTIA","DE CORONATORE EXONERANDO"]}
{"title":"AD RECTE DOCENDUM OPORTET, PRIMUM IN- QUIRERE NOMINA, QUIA RERUM COGNITIO A\nNOMINIBUS RERUM DEPENDET","definition":"In order rightly to comprehend a thing, inquire first into the names, for a right knowledge of things depends upon their names. Co. Litt. 08.","related":["DE NOMINE PROPRIO NON EST CURANDUM CUM IN SUBSTANTIA NON ERRCTUR; QUIA NOMINA MUTABILIA SUNT, RES AUTCM IMMOBILE","NOMINA VIEEARUM","JUS RERUM","COGNITIO","IN RERUM NATURA","QUIA DATUM","NOMINA TRANSCRIPTITIA","OPORTET QUOD CERTA 856 \nOPTIONAL WRIT","ADJUVARI QUIPPE NOS, NON DECIPI, BENE- FICIO OPORTET","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS"]}
{"title":"AD VITAM AUT CULPAM","definition":"For life or until fault. This phrase describes the tenure of an office which is otherwise said to be held “for life or during good behavior.” It is equivalent to quamdiu bene se gcsscrit.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ADEMPTION","definition":"The revocation, recalling, or cancellation of a legacy, according to the apparent intention of the testator, implied by the law from acts done by him in his life, though such acts do not amount to an express revocation of it Kenaday v. Sinnott, 179 TJ. S. GOO, 21 Sup. Ct. 233, 45 L. Ed. 339; Burnham v. Comfort, 108 N. Y. 535, 15 N. E. 710, 2 Am. St. Rep. 402; Tanton v. Keller, 107 111. 129, 47 N. E. 370; Cowles v. Cowles, 5","related":["REVOCATION","BRING-DOWN COMFORT LETTER","AID AND COMFORT","DAM","LICENSING ACTS","NOT GUILTY BY STATUTE","ACTUARIUS","CONJUGAL RIGHTS","DE SON TORT TRUSTEE","TREASON"]}
{"title":"ADIRATUS","definition":"Lost; strayed; a price or value set upon things stolen or lost, as a recompense to the owner. Cowell.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Contracts I","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Property Law","Property Law (Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander, Schill, 7th ed.)"]}
{"title":"ADJUDGE","definition":"To pass upon judicially; to decide, settle, or decree; to sentence or condemn. Webb v. Bid well, 15 Minn. 479. (Gil. 394;) Western Assur. Co. v. Klein, 48 Neb. 904, 07 N. V. S73; Blaufus v. People, 09 N. Y. 307 , 25 Am. Rep. 148. Compare Edwards v. Hellings, 99 Cal. 214, 33 Pac. 799.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"ADMANUENSIS","definition":"A person who swore by laying his hands on the book.","related":["LEDGER","COMPURGATOR","CONSIGNATION","DOMBEC, DOMBOC","ANTE","KALENDARIUM","DAY-BOOK","BOOK OF ORIGINAL ENTRIES","DOUBLE ENTRY","JOURNAL"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","definition":"That branch of public law which deals with the various organs of the sovereign power considered as in motion, and prescribes in detail the manner of their activity, being concerned with such topics as the collection of the revenue, the regulation of the military and naval forces, citizenship and naturalization, sanitary measures, poor laws, coinage, police, the public safety and morals, etc. See Iloll. Jur. 305-307.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM","ADMINISTRATIVE","ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE COST","ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION","ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER","ADMINISTRATIVE RECEIVER","ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER"]}
{"title":"ADMONITIO TRINA","definition":"A triple c r threefold warning, given, in old times, to a prisoner standing mute, before he was subjected to the peine forte ct dure. 4 Bl. Comm. 325 ; 4 Steph. Comm. 391.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ADQITIETO","definition":"Payment. Blount","related":["CERAGRUM","CAPUT AGIUM","WARTH","ATTERMINARE","DROFLAND","FORINSECUS","SKIP PAYMENT CLAUSE","PREBILLING","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","COTA"]}
{"title":"ADULTERINE GUILDS","definition":"Traders acting as a corporation without a charter, and paying a fine annually for permission to exercise their usurped privileges. Smith, Wealth Nat. b. 1, c. 10.","related":["ADULTERINE","CREATE","TYRANNY","OVERISSUE","MAGNA CHARTA","CORPORATE FRANCHISE","CHARTA","CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION","PROSPECTUS","ERIGIMUS"]}
{"title":"ADVERSARY","definition":"A litigant-opponent, the opposite party in a writ or action.","related":["ADVERSARY PROCEEDING","ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS","ADVERSARY TRIAL","ADVERSARY SYSTEM","REUS","INJUNCTION","FAINT (or FEIGNED) ACTION","MORATUR IN LEGE","VEXATIOUS PROCEEDING","WRITTEN INTERROGATORIES"]}
{"title":"ASSAY","definition":"The proof or trial, by chemical experiments, of the purity or fineness of metals,","related":["Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence","California Civil Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT COMPANY","definition":"In life insurance. A company in which a death loss is met by levying an assessment on the surviving mem- bets of the association. Mutual Ren. L. Ins. Co. v. Marye. 85 Va. 643, 8 S. E. 4S1.","related":["ASSESSMENT FUND","ASSESSMENT CONTRACT","ASSESSMENT","LOSS ASSESSMENT CHARGE","EXCESSIVE ASSESSMENT","ASSESSMENT DISTRICT","ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)","RISK ASSESSMENT","EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT","MUTUAL COMPANY"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT","definition":"In contracts. 1. The act by which one person transfers to another, or causes to vest in that other, the whole of the right, interest, or property which he has in any realty or personalty, in possession or in action, or any share, interest, or subsidiary estate therein. Seventh Nat. Bank v. Iron Co. (C. C.) 35 Fed. 440; Haug v. Riley, 101 Ga. 372, 29 S. E. 44, 40 L It A. 244. More particularly, a written transfer of property, as distinguished from a transfer by mere delivery. 2. In a narrower sense, the transfer or making over of the estate, right, or title which one has in lands and tenements; and, in an especially technical sense, the transfer of the unexpired residue of a term or estate for life or years. Assignment does not include testamentary transfers. The idea of an assignment is essentially that of a transfer by one existing party to another existing party of some species of property or valuable interest, except in the case of an executor. Ilight v. Sackett, 34 N. Y. 447. 3. A transfer or making over by a debtor of all his property and effects to one or more assignees in trust for the benefit of his creditors. 2 Story, Eq. Jur.","related":["VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT FOR BENEFIT OF CREDITORS","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT OF PROCEEDS","ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE","ASSIGNMENT WITH\nPREFERENCES","EQUITABLE ASSIGNMENT","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT TO CREDITORS"]}
{"title":"ASSISA MORTIS D’ANCESTORIS","definition":"Assise of mort (fancestor, which see.","related":["DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA","ASSISA CADERE","ASSISA ULTIMSE PRSESENTATIONIS","ASSISA FRISCSE FORTIAE","ASSISA DE FORESTA","ASSISA NOVAE DISSEY- SINSE","ASSISA VENA- LINM","ASSISA CONTINNANDA","DE MAGNA ASSISA ELIGENDA"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT READIUP-S","definition":"Readings or lectures upon the ancient English statutes, for merly regarded as of great authority in law. Litt. J 4S1 : Co. Lift. 280.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Professional Responsibility","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"ANGEL","definition":"An ancient English coin, of the value of ten shillings sterling. Jacob.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Constitution of The United States of America","Payment Systems","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Labor Law","ANGEL INVESTOR","FALLEN ANGEL","MERCIMONIATUS ANGEL"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS","definition":"Lat. Mind; intention; disposition; design; will. Animo, (","related":["ANIMUS REVERTENDI","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","ANIMUS RECIPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI","FURANDI ANIMUS"]}
{"title":"ANIMUS RECUPERANDI","definition":"The intention of recovering. Locc. de Jure Mar. lib. 2. c. 4.","related":["JUS RECUPERANDI","ANIMUS ET FACTUS","ANIMUS","ANIMUS MANENDI","ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPT!","SPES RECUPERANDI","ANIMUS AD SE OMNE JUS TLUCIT","ANIMUS REVOEANDI","ANIMUS\nCAPIENDI","ANIMUS POS- SIDENDI"]}
{"title":"ANNI ET TEMPORA","definition":"Lat. Years and terms. An old title of the Year Books.","related":["Secured Transactions","Contracts I","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Labor Law","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ANNUALLY","definition":"The meaning of this term, us applied to interest, is not an undertaking to pay interest at the end of one year only, but to pay interest at the end of each and every year during a period of time, either lixed or contingent. Sparliawk v. Wills, 0 Cray (Mass.) 104; Patterson v. McNeeley, 10 Ohio St. 348; Westfield v. Westfield, 19 S. C. 89.","related":["ANNUALLY RENEWABLE TERM POLICY","EXPECTATIONS HYPOTHESIS","FLOATING DEBT","SHORT LEASE","MANAGE","ANCESTOR","BARGAIN","OTHER LIABILITIES","ASSUMPTION","PLEDGERY"]}
{"title":"ANNUUS REDITUS","definition":"A yearly rent; annuity. 2 Bl. Comm. 41; Reg. Orig. 1586.","related":["Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","ANNUITY","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","CAPITALIS REDITUS","FEE-FARM","FARM","Admin Law","GALE"]}
{"title":"ANTEDATE","definition":"To date an instrument as of a time before the time it was written.","related":["DATE","BEARING DATE","RECITE","MATURITY DATE","COWELL","INDORSEMENT","SYNGRAPH","PROFERT IN CURIA L","DEFACE","FOUR CORNERS"]}
{"title":"ANTRUSTIO","definition":"L. Fr. The Tear Books. Kelham.","related":["RUBRIC","BOOK CLUB","ADDONE","AFFRANCHIR","FIANCER","EMPARNOURS","DISCONVENABLE","YVERNAIL","TENCON","MEINOBE AGE"]}
{"title":"APOCRISARIUS","definition":"In ecclesiastical law. One who answers for another. An officer whose duty was to carry to the emperor messages relating to ecclesiastical matters, and to take back his answer to the petitioners. An officer who gave advice on questions of ecclesiastical law. An ambassador or legate of a pope or bishop. Spelman.","related":["APOCRISARIUS CANCELLARIUS","REFERENDARIUS","CHAPTER","APOSTOLUS","TAXATIO ECCLESIASTICA","DECANUS","TAXATIO NORWICENSIS","BRIEF PAPAL","NUNCIUS","DEAN AND CHAPTER"]}
{"title":"APPARENT DEFECTS","definition":"in a thing sold, are those which can be discovered by simple inspection. Code La. art. 2497.","related":["ZERO DEFECTS","APPARENT","NON-APPARENT EASEMENT","APPARENT LOW BIDDER","APPARENT AUTHORITY","APPARENT AGENCY","APPARENT\nMATURITY","APPARENT EASEMENT","APPARENT DANGER","APPARENT JEOPARDY"]}
{"title":"APPEARAND HEIR","definition":"In Scotch law. An apparent heir. See APPARENT HEIB.","related":["EXPECTANT HEIR","HEIR","HEIR PRESUMPTIVE","HEIR AT LAW","FELLOW-HEIR","HEIR CONVENTIONAL","CHARGE TO ENTER HEIR","HEIR-LOOMS","APPARENT HEIR","CO-HEIR"]}
{"title":"APPLICABLE","definition":"When a constitution or court declares that the common law is In force in a particular state so far as it is applicable, it is meant that it must be applicable to the habits and conditions of the community, as well as in harmony with the genius, the spirit, and the objects of their institutions. Wagner v. Bissell, 3 Iowa, 402. When a constitution prohibits the enactment of local or special laws in all cases where a general law would be applicable, a general law should always be construed to be applicable, in this sense, where the entire people of the state have an interest in the subject, such as regulating interest, statutes of frauds or limitations, etc. But where only a portion of the people are affected, as in locating a county-seat, it will depend upon the facts and circumstances of each particular case whether such a law would be applicable. Evans v. Job, 8 Nev. 322.","related":["APPLICABLE LAW","APPLICABLE CONVENTION","APPLICABLE LOCAL LAW","APPLICABLE RATE","PUBLIC-SERVICE CORPORATIONS","COMPILED STATUTES","PUBLIC","PLEBISCITE","PEOPLE","CONSTITUTIONAL"]}
{"title":"APPRAISEMENT","definition":"A just and true valuation of property. A valuation set upon property under judicial or legislative authority. Cocheco Mfg. Co. v. Strafford, 51 N. H. 4S2.","related":["COMMISSION OF APPRAISEMENT AND SALE","JUDICIAL","FICTION","STATUTE, n","LEGAL FICTION","JUDICIUM","RECLAMATION DISTRICT","CONTEMPT","GOVERNMENT","STATUTE LOCAL"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATION OF WATER","definition":"An appropriation of water flowing on the public domain consists in the capture, impounding, or diversion of it from its natural course or channel and its actual application to some beneficial use private or personal to the appropriator. to the entire exclusion (or exclusion to the extent of the water appropriated) of all other persons. To constitute a valid appropriation, there must be an intent to apply the water to some beneficial use existing at the time or contemplated in the future. a diversion from the natural channel by means of a ditch or canal, or some other open physical act of taking possession of the water, and an actual application of it within a reasonable time to some useful or beneficial purpose. Low v. Rlzor. 25 Or. 551, 37 Pac. 82; Clough v. Wing. 2 Ariz. 371. 17 Pac. 453: Offield v. Ish, 21 Wash. 277. 57 Pac. 809; Reservoir Co. v. People. 8 Colo. 014. 9 Pac. 794; McCall v. Porter. 42 Or. 49, 70 Pac. 820; McDonald v. Mining Co., 13 Cal. 220.","related":["WATER-COURSE","ANCIENT WATER-COURSE","EXPIRED APPROPRIATION","CONTINUING APPROPRIATION","SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION","APPROPRIATION","APPROPRIATION OF LAND","APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS","WATER","PRODUCT WATER"]}
{"title":"APT WORDS","definition":"Words proper to produce the legal effect for which they are intended ; sound technical phrases.","related":["OPERATIVE WORDS,","ART, WORDS OF","WORDS","WORDS OF ART","OPERATIVE WORDS","WORDS OF PURCHASE","WORDS OF PROCREATION","INJURIOUS WORDS","WORDS OF SEVERANCE","WORDS OF LIMITATION"]}
{"title":"AQUAGIUM","definition":"A canal, ditch, or watercourse running through marsby grounds. A mark or gauge placed in or on tlie banks of a running stream, to indicate the height of the water, was called “aquagaugium.” Spei- man.","related":["Trademark Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Family Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ARBITRATION","definition":"In practice. The investigation and determination of a matter or matters of difference between contending parties, by one or more unofficial persons, chosen by the parties, and called “arbitrators,” or “referees.” Duren v. Getchell, 55 Me. 241; Henderson v. Beaton”, 52 Tex. 43; Boyden v. Lamb. 152 Mass. 416, 25 N. E. 609; In re Curtis-Castle Arbitration, 64 Conn. 501. 30 Atl. 769. 42 Am. St. Rep. 200. Compulsory arbitration is that which takes place when the consent of one of the parties is enforced by statutory provisions. Voluntary arbitration is that which takes place by mutual and free consent of the parties. In a wide sense, this term may embrace the whole method of thus settling controversies, and thus include all the various steps. But in more strict use, the decision is separately spoken of, and called an “award,” and the “arbitration” denotes only the submission and hearing.","related":["COMPULSORY ARBITRATION","ARBITRATION CLAUSE","BINDING ARBITRATION","BOARD OF ARBITRATION","RIGHTS ARBITRATION","FINAL OFFER INTEREST ARBITRATION","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","ARBITRATION OF EXCHANGE","COURT OF ARBITRATION OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","BONA GRATIA"]}
{"title":"ARCHBISHOP","definition":"In English ecclesiastical law. The chief of the clergy in his province, having supreme power under the king or queen in all ecclesiastical causes.","related":["CANTERBURY, ARCHBISHOP OF","COURT OF CONVOCATION","BISHOP","SOVEREIGN","PRESUMPTION","KING’S BENCH","CUSTOS TEM- PORALIUM","PROVINCE","VADEET","KING"]}
{"title":"ARENIFODINA","definition":"In the civil law. A sand-pit. Dig. 7, 1, 13, 5.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Law School Outlines","Evidence","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)"]}
{"title":"ALIAS","definition":"Lat Otherwise; at another time; in another manner; formerly.","related":["Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Contracts I","Evidence 2","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law","Professional Responsibility","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ALIENATION OFFICE","definition":"In English practice. An office for the recovery of fines levied upon writs of covenant and entries. Alienation pending a suit is void. 2 P. Wms. 482; 2 Atk. 174; 3 Atk. 392; 11 Ves. 194; Murray v. Ballow, 1 Johns. Ch. (N. Y.) 560, 580.","related":["OFFICE","ALIENATION","FRAUDULENT ALIENATION","ALIENATION OF PROPERTY","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ALIENATION OF ASSETS","ALIENATION CLAUSE","ALIENATION OF AFFECTION","MOBILE OFFICE","BRANCH OFFICE MANAGER (BOM)"]}
{"title":"ALIND EST VENDERE, ALIUD VENDENTI CON- SENTIRE","definition":"To sell is one thing; to consent to a sale (seller) is another thing. Dig. 50, 17, 160.","related":["ALIND EST POSSIDERE, ALIND ESSE IN POS- SESSIONE","ALIUD EST DISTINCTIO, ALIUD SEPARATIO","AD ALIUD EXAMEN","ALIUD EXAMEN","CONSIGNMENT SALE","CARRYBACK","FORCED SALE","PUSH MONEY","SELLING SHORT","EXPRESS WARRANTY"]}
{"title":"ALLEGED","definition":"Stated; recited; claimed; asserted ; charged.","related":["INCIPITUR","AFORESAID","CHARGEABLE","AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY","QUO JURE","CONTRADICT","DISMISSAL AGREED","COMPTE ARRETS PR","DEVISAVIT VEL NON","ARRETTED"]}
{"title":"ALLODIUM","definition":"Land held absolutely in one’s own right, and not of any lord or superior ; land not subject to feudal duties or burdens. An estate held by absolute ownership, without recognizing any superior to whom any duty is due on account thereof. 1 Washb. Real Prop. 10. McCartee v. Orphan Asylum, 9 Cow. (N. Y.) 511, 18 Am. Dec. 516.","related":["RECOMMENDATION","DETERMINE","HABENDUM","FINALIS CONCORDIA","TO HAVE AND TO HOLD","AD OSTIUM ECCLESI2E","DE DOTE UNDE NIHIL HABET","ESTATE FOR LIFE","LORDSHIP","MATRON"]}
{"title":"ALLY","definition":"A nation which has entered into an alliance with another nation. 1 Kent, Comm. 69. A citizen or subject of one of two or more allied nations.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Criminal Procedure","Family Law","Payment Systems","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMANT!, NON NEGANTL INCUMBIT PROBAT\nIO","definition":"The [burden of] proof lies upon him who affirms, not upon one who denies. Steph. PL 84.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AFFRANCHIR","definition":"L. Fr. To set free. Kelham.","related":["ADDONE","MEINOBE AGE","FIANCER","EMPARNOURS","DISCONVENABLE","YVERNAIL","TENCON","ANTRUSTIO","ADVOCASSIE","IGLISE"]}
{"title":"AGAINST","definition":"Adverse to; contrary; opposed to; without the consent of; in contact with. State v. Metzger, 26 Kan. 395; James v. Bank, 12 R. I. 460; Seabright v. Seabright. 28 W. Va. 405; State v. Prather, 54 Ind. 63.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Professional Responsibility","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AGER","definition":"Lat. In the civil law. A field ; land generally. A portion of land inclosed by definite boundaries. Municipality No. 2 v. Orleans Cotton Press. 18 La. 107, 36 Am. Dec. 624. In old English law. An acre. Spelman.","related":["ARPEN, ARPENT","CLOSE, N","NUMMATA TERR","FUNDUS","FARDING-DEAL","QUADRANTATA TERRiE","FARM","VIVARIUM","COMMERCIAL ACRE","VESTURE"]}
{"title":"AGISTMENT","definition":"The taking in of another person’s cattle to be fed, or to pasture, upon one’s own land, in consideration of an agreed price to be paid by the owner. Also the profit or recompense for such pasturing of cattle. Bass v. Pierce, 16 Barb. (N. Y.) 505; Williams v. Miller, 08 Cal. 290, 9 Pac. 100; Auld v. Travis, 5 Colo. App. 535, 39 Pac. 357. There is also agistment of sea-banks, where lands are charged with a tribute to keep out the sea; and terra; agistatce are lands whose owners must keep up the seabanks. Ilolt- house. who have been under it, or who might have been under it if their lineal ancestor had lived long enough to exercise his empire. Maine, Anc. Law, 144. The agnate family consisted of all persons living at the same time, who would have been subject to the patria potcstas of a common ancestor, if his life had been continued to their time. Iladl. Rom. Law, 131. Between agnati and cognati there is this difference: that, under the name of agnati, cognati are included, but not e converso; for instance, a father’s brother, that is, a paternal uncle, is both agnatus and cognatus, but a mother’s brother, that is, a maternal uncle, is a cognatus but not agnatus. (Dig. 38, 7, 5, pr.) Burrill.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AGREEANCE","definition":"In Scotch law. Agreement; an agreement or contract.","related":["CONVENTIO IN NNNM","PAROL AGREEMENTS","CONTRACT","CLOSED CONTRACT","COPARTNERY","ENTIRE CONTRACT CLAUSE","BARGAIN","COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT","VERBAL AGREEMENT","SYNDICATE AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"AID OF THE KING","definition":"The king’s tenant prays this, when rent is demanded of him by others.","related":["CHAMPION OF THE KING OR QUEEN","KING’S BENCH","PERPETUITY OF THE KING","THANAGE OF THE KING","KING’S COUNSEL","KING","KING’S PROCTOR","KING’S CORONER AND ATTORNEY","COURT OF THE STEWARD OF THE KING’S HOUSEHOLD","KING’S EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"AQUA DULCIS, OR FRISCA","definition":"Fresh water. Reg. Orig. 97; Bract, fols. 117, 135.","related":["AQUA","VIVA AQUA","AQUA QNOTIDIANA","AQUA CEDIT SOLO","AQUA SESTIVA","AQUA FONTANEA","AQUA PROFLUENS","AQUA CURRENS","AQUA SALSA","IN AQUA MANU"]}
{"title":"ARATRUM TERRA","definition":"In old English law. A plow of land ; a plow-land; as much land as could be tilled with one plow. Whis- haw.","related":["CAPITALIS TERRA","ARATORA TERRA","BOVATA TERRA","TERRA","FRUSCA TERRA","CARUCATA","GAINAGE","CARUCAGE","AFFRI","ARALIA"]}
{"title":"ARMATA VIS","definition":"In the civil law. Armed force. Dig. 43, 16, 3; Fleta, lib. 4, c. 4.","related":["EXERCITUS","CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR","DEFENDIT VIM ET INJURIAM","NULLIUS JURIS","ARMED","AD VIM MAJOREM VEL AD CASUS FORTUITUS NON TENETUR QUIS, NISI SUA CULPA INTCR- VENERIT","POLITICAL VIOLENCE","LATRO","JUS HAURIENDI","HYEMS, HIEMS"]}
{"title":"ARRAS","definition":"In Spanish law. The donation which the husband makes to his wife, by reason or on account of marriage, and in consideration of the dote, or portion, which he receives from her. Miller v. Dunn, 62 Mo. 219; Cutter v. Waddingham, 22 Mo. 254.","related":["Payment Systems","Family Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Contracts I","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ARR\u0026T","definition":"Fr. A Judgment, sentence, or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction. The term is derived from the French law, and is used in Canada and Louisiana. Saisie arrft is an attachment of property in the hands of a third person. Code Prac. La. art. 209; 2 Low. Can. 77; 5 Low. Can. 198, 218.","related":["ATTACHMENT","CERTIFICATE OF HOLDER OF ATTACHED PROPERTY","SEQUESTRATION","JUDGMENT LIEN","DECREE","MANDATORY","TRANSFER, n","AFFIRMANCE","CITATION","INTERLOCUTORY"]}
{"title":"ART","definition":"A principle put in practice and applied to some art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Earle v. Sawyer, 4 Mason, 1, Fed. Cas. No. 4,247. See Act Cong. July 8, 1870. In the law of patents, this term means a useful art or manufacture which is beneficial and which is described with exactness in its mode of operation. Such an art can be protected only in the mode and to the extent thus described. Smith v. Downing, 22 Fed. Cas. 511; Carnegie Steel Co. v. Cambria Iron Co.","related":["STEEL","ALLOY STEEL","MOLYBDENUM (MO)","CAST IRON","CHROMIUM","MINI MILL","RUSTING","MILD STEEL","GUIDE-PLATE","ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP","definition":"A written agreement by which the parties enter into a copartnership upon the terms and conditions therein stipulated.","related":["ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF RONP","PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT","PARTNERSHIP BY ESTOPPEL","CERTIFICATE OF PARTNERSHIP","PARTNERSHIP LIMITED","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION"]}
{"title":"ARTICULO MORTIS","definition":"(Or more commonly in articulo mortis.) In the article of death; at the point of death.","related":["IN ARTICULO MORTIS","CAUSA MORTIS","MORTIS CAUSA","DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA","RIGOR MORTIS","IN ARTICULO","ASSISA MORTIS D’ANCESTORIS","GIFT CAUSA MORTIS","LEGAL WEIGHT","VEND"]}
{"title":"ASCENDIENTES","definition":"In Spanish law. Ascendants; ascending heirs; heirs in the ascending line. Schm. Civil Law, 259.","related":["Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Trust and Will","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ASSAYER OF THE KING","definition":"An officer of the royal mint, appointed by St 2 Hen. VI. c. 12, who received and tested the bullion taken in for coining; also called “assayator regis.” Cowell ; Termes de la Ley.","related":["ASSAYER","THANAGE OF THE KING","LYON KING OF ARMS","KING","KING’S BENCH","COURT OF THE STEWARD OF THE KING’S HOUSEHOLD","KING’S COUNSEL","KING’S CORONER AND ATTORNEY","MINTAGE","AID OF THE KING"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT FUND","definition":"The assessment fund of a mutual benefit association is the balance of the assessments, less expenses, out of which beneficiaries are paid. Kerr v. Ben. Ass’n, 39 Minn. 174. 39 N. W. 312, 12 Am. St. Rep. 631.","related":["CLONE FUND","ASSESSMENT","FUND OF FUNDS","ASSESSMENT COMPANY","SUITORS’ FUND IN CHANCERY","MONEY MARKET FUND (MMF)","OPEN-END FUND","FUND SIZE","GOLD FUND","SECTOR FUND"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR","definition":"See ERROR.","related":["Payment Systems","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","MARGIN OF ERROR","ERROR","RANDOM ERROR","Evidence 2","COURT OF ERROR","MEASUREMENT ERROR","ERROR OF ORIGINAL ENTRY"]}
{"title":"ASSISA PROROGANDA","definition":"An obsolete writ, which was directed to the judges assigned to take assises, to stay proceedings, by reason of a party to them being employed in the king’s business. Reg. Orig. 208.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Evidence 2","Labor Law","Patent Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ASSIST","definition":"TO help; aid; succor; lend countenance or encouragement to; participate in as an auxiliary. People v. Hayne, 83 Cal. Ill, 23 Fac. 1, 7 L. R. A. 348, 17 Am. St. Rep. 211; Moss v. Peoples, 51 N. C. 142; Comitez v. Parkerson (C. C.) 50 Fed. 170. Court of Assistance, Court of Assistants. See COURT. Writ of assistance. See WRIT.","related":["ENCOURAGE","MUSSA","AID AND COMFORT","PONE","PROCEDENDO","RACHIMBURGII","DE COPIA LIBELLI DELIBERANDA","TESTE OF A WRIT","PROHIBITION","COURT OF ASSISTANTS"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION OF RISK","definition":"A term or condition in a contract of employment, either express or implied from the circumstances of the employment, by which the employ^ agrees that dangers of injury ordinarily or obviously incident to the discharge of his duty in the particular employment shall be at his own risk. Narramore v. Railway Co., 96 Fed. 301, 37 C. C. A. 499, 48 L. It. A. 68; i^aulkner v. Mining Co., 23 Utah, 437, 66 Pac. 799; Railroad Co. v. Touoey, 67 Ark. 209, 54 S. W. 577, 77 Am. St. Rep. 109; Bodie v. Railway Co., 61 S. C. 468, 39 S. E. 715; Martin v. Railroad Co., 118 Iowa, 148, 91 N. W. 1034, 59 LL R. A. 698, 96 Am. St. Rep. 371.","related":["RISK ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION FEE","WORKOUT ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","ASSUMPTION OF MORTGAGE","ASSUMPTION ENDORSEMENT","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS","MONETARY UNIT ASSUMPTION"]}
{"title":"AT BAR","definition":"Before the court “The case at bar,” etc. Dyer, 31.","related":["IN FACIE CURL","SUSPEND","WRIT OF ERROR","CASES AND CONTROVERSIES","CASE ON APPEAL","AUTOMATIC CONTINUANCE","HUSBANDRIA","COUNT, V IN PLEADING","COMMON LEARNING","DE BIENS LE MORT"]}
{"title":"ATTACHE","definition":"A person attached to the Buite of an ambassador or to a foreign legation.","related":["Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ATTERMINARE","definition":"In old English law. To put off to a succeeding term; to prolong the time of payment of a debt. St Westm. 2, c. 4; Cowell; Blount.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Contracts I","Property Law","DEBT","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY AT LARGE","definition":"In old practice. An attorney who practised in all the courts. Cowell.","related":["ATTORNEY AT LAW","PUBLIC ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY IN FACT","SUBSTITUTION OF ATTORNEY","LETTER OF\nATTORNEY","POWER OF ATTORNEY","ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY GENERAL"]}
{"title":"AUCTORITAS","definition":"In the civil law. Authority. In old European law. A diploma, or royal charter. A word frequently used by Gregory of Tours and later writers. Spelman.","related":["DIPLOMA","FEODUM","LITUS","LEGATARIUS","NOT51","AMBASCIATOR","CHARTA CYROGRAPHATA","GUADIA","APOCRISARIUS CANCELLARIUS","MESSUAGE"]}
{"title":"AULNAGE","definition":"See ALNAGEB.","related":["AULNAGER"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTICATION","definition":"In the law of evidence. The act or mode of giving authority or legal authenticity to a statute, record, or other written instrument, or a certified copy thereof, so as to render it legally admissible in evidence. Mayfield v. Sears, 133 Ind. 86, 32 N. E. 816; Hartley v. Ferrell, 9 Fla. 380; In re Fowler (C. C.) 4 Fed. 303. An attestation made by a proper officer by which he certifies that a record is in due form of law, and that the person who certifies it is the officer appointed so to do.","related":["AUTHENTICATION KEY","BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION","AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE","PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (PAP)","CHALLENGE-HANDSHAKE AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (CHAP)","REMOTE AUTHENTICATION DIAL IN SERVICE (RADIUS)","EXAMINER","SIGNING JUDGMENT","DEPUTIZE","RECORDER, n"]}
{"title":"ARCHES COURT","definition":"In English ecclesiastical law. A court of appeal belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the judge of which is called the “Dean of the Arches,” because his court was anciently held in the church of Saint Mary-le-Bow, (Sancta Maria de Arcubux,) so named from the steeple, which is raised upon pillars built archwise. The court was until recently held in the hall belonging to the College of Civilians, commonly called “Doctors’ Commons.” It is now held in Westminster Hall. Its proper jurisdiction is only over the thirteen peculiar parishes belonging to the archbishop in London, but, the ollice of Dean of the Arches having been for a long time united with that of the archbishop’s principal official, the Judge of the Arches, in right of such added office, it receives and determines appeals from the sentences of all inferior ecclesiastical courts within the province. 3 Bl. Comm. 04.","related":["AUDIENCE COURT","DEAN OF THE ARCHES","COURT OF PECULIARS","ARCHDEACON’S COURT","PECULIARS, COURT OF","COURT OF PROBATE","CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT","COURT OF PIEPOUDRE","COURT OF CHIVALRY, OR COURT MILITARY","COURT FOR DIVORCE AND MATRIMONIAL CAUSES"]}
{"title":"ARG","definition":"An abbreviation of arguendo.","related":["UXORICIDE","H","OYEZ","TWICE IN JEOPARDY","S P","M D","C B","N","ARGUENDO","S C"]}
{"title":"ARGUMENTUM AB AUCTORITATE EST FOR- TISSIMNM IN LEGE","definition":"All argument from authority is the strongest in the law. “The book cases are the best proof of what the law is.” Co. Litt. 254a.","related":["ARGUMENTUM AB IMPOSSIBILI VALET IN\nLEGE","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! EST VALIDNM IN LEGE; QUIA LEX NON PERMIT- TIT ALIQUOD\nINCONVENIENS","ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENT! PLURI- MUM VALET [EST VALIDNM] IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A SIMILI VALET IN LEGE","ARGUMENTUM A COMMUNITER ACCIDEN- TIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST","CUSTODES LIBERTATIS ANGLIC AUCTORITATE PARLIAMENTI","ARGUMENTUM A INAJORI AD MINUS NEGATIVE NON VALET; VALET E CONVERSO","EX LEGE","MORATUR IN LEGE","CONDICTIO EX LEGE"]}
{"title":"AUTHORITY","definition":"In contracts. The lawful delegation of power by one person to another. In the English law relating to public administration, an authority is a body having jurisdiction in certain matters of a public nature. In governmental law. Legal power; a right to command or to act; the right and power of public officers to require obedience to their orders lawfully issued in the scope of their public duties. Authority to execute a deed must be given by deed. Com. Dig. “Attorney,” C, 5; 4 Term, 313; 7 Term, 207; 1 Holt, 141; Blood v. Goodrich, 9 Wend. (N. Y.) 68, 75, 24 Am. Dec. 121; Banorgee v. Hovey, 5 Mass. 11, 4 Am. Dec. 17; Cooper v. Rankin, 5 Bin. (Pa.) 613.","related":["IMPLIED AUTHORITY","LIMITED AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY BY ESTOPPEL","COMPETENT AUTHORITY","HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY","UNLIMITED AUTHORITY","OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY","CONSTRUCTIVE AUTHORITY","EXPRESS AUTHORITY","COLOR OF AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"AUXILIUM","definition":"In feudal and old English law. Aid; compulsory aid, hence a tax or tribute; a kind of tribute paid by the vassal to his lord, being one of the incidents of the tenure by knight’s service. Spelman.","related":["AUXILIUM REGIS","AUXILIUM VICE COMITI","AUXILIUM CURIAE","AD JUNGENDUM AUXILIUM","AUXILIUM AD FLLIUM MILITEM FACIENDUM ET FLLIAM MARITANDAM","KNIGHT-SERVICE","MIEES","FEALTY","CHIVALRY","SOCAGE"]}
{"title":"AVER CORN","definition":"A rent reserved to religious houses, to be paid by their tenants in corn.","related":["HEST CORN","BOOTING, OR BOTING, CORN","WOOD-CORN","CORN LAWS","SHARPING CORN","AVER SILVER","AVER PENNY","AVER, N","AVER, V","AVER"]}
{"title":"AVIATICUS","definition":"In the civil law. A grandson.","related":["PRONURUS","TRINEPOS","DIRECT LINE","PROGENER","PRONEPOS","TRINEPTIS","NEPOS","NEPUOY","LINEAL DESCENT","ADNEPOS"]}
{"title":"AVUS","definition":"In the civil law. A grandfather Inst. 3, 6, 1.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Law School Outlines","Evidence","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION","definition":"The name of the instrument embodying the compact made between the thirteen original states of the Union, before the adoption of the present constitution.","related":["ARTICLES OF\nCONFEDERATION","CONFEDERATION","ARTICLES OF UNION","ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF SET","MEMORANDUM ARTICLES"]}
{"title":"ACTIO DEPOSITI DIRECTA","definition":"An action which is brought by the depositor against the depositary, in order to get back the thing deposited. Poth. Du D6pot, n. 60.","related":["ACTIO\nCOMMODATI DIRECTA","ACTIO DIRECTA","ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO COMMODATI CONTRARIA","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","PROHIBITIO DE VASTO, DIRECTA PARTI","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO PRO SOCIO","ACTIO FURTI"]}
{"title":"ACTIO NEGOTIORUM\nGESTORUM","definition":"Included actions between principal and agent and other parties to an engagement, whereby one person undertook the transaction of business for another","related":["NEGOTIORUM GESTOR","NEGOTIORUM GESTIO","ACTIO COMMODATI","ACTIO MANDATI","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO BONSE FIDEI","ACTIO STRICTI JURIS","ACTIO DEPOSIT! CONTRARIA","ACTIO IN FACTUM","ACTIO\nNTILIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO TUTELA","definition":"Action founded on the duties or obligations arising on the relation analogous to that of guardian and ward.","related":["TUTELA","ACTIO\nNTILIS","ACTIO DIRECTA","TUTELiE ACTIO","ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO\nEOMMUNI DIVIDUNDO","ACTIO MANDATI","ACTIO PROEJUDICIALIS","ACTIO FURTI"]}
{"title":"ACTIO PERSONALIS MORITUR CUM PERSONA","definition":"A personal right of action dies with the person. Noy, Max. 14.","related":["ACTIO PERSONALIS","PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","PERSONA DESIGNATA","ACTIO CIVILIS","PERSONA GRATA","SI CONSTET DE PERSONA","PERSONA NON GRATA","IN PROPRIA PERSONA"]}
{"title":"ACTIONARY","definition":"A foreign commercial term for the proprietor of an action or share of a public company’s stock; a stockholder.","related":["MERGER DEFICIT","NONPARTICIPATING","NOMINEE SHAREHOLDER","ACQUISITION","PAR","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARE (ADS)","EQUITY INSTRUMENT","EQUITY CARVE OUT","EQUITY HOLDER","CALLABLE PREFERRED STOCK"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL CASH VALUE","definition":"The fair or reasonable cash price for which the property could be sold in the market, in the ordinary course of business, and not at forced sale; the price it will bring in a fair market after reasonable efforts to find a purchaser who will give the highest price. Birmingham F. Ins. Co. v. Pul- ver, 126 111. 329. IS N. E. 804, 9 Am. St. Rep. 598; Mack v. Lancashire Ins. Co. ((‘. (‘.) 4 Fed. 59; Morgan’s L. \u0026 T. R. S. S. Co. v. Board of Reviewers, 41 La. Ann. 1156. 3 South. 507.","related":["ACTUAL CASH VALUE POLICY","VALUE CASH","ACTUAL COST","CASH MARKET VALUE","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","FAIR CASH VALUE","NET CASH FLOW CHANGE IN CASH"]}
{"title":"ACTUS LEGITIMI NON RECIPIUNT MODUM","definition":"Acts required to be done by law do not admit of qualification. Hob. 153; Branch, Princ.","related":["ACTUS ME INVITO FACTUS NON EST MENS ACTUS","ACTUS SERVI IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CONIMUNITER ADLIIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR","IN MODUM ASSISiE","LEGITIMI HJC REDES","ACTUS","FORISF ACTUS","ACTUS REUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSUS","ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM"]}
{"title":"AD COMMUNEM LEGEM","definition":"At common law. The name of a writ of entry (now obsolete) brought by the reversioners after the death of the life tenant, for the recovery of lands wrongfully alienated by him.","related":["CONSUETUDO TOLLIT COMMUNEM LEGEM","CASU CONSIMILI","LIBERAM LEGEM AMITTERE","RIGHT PATENT","LEGEM","APPRENTICIUS AD LEGEM","PER LEGEM TERRS","PER LEGEM ANGLIS","SERVIENS AD LEGEM","EXTRA LEGEM"]}
{"title":"AD TERMINUM ANNORUM","definition":"For a term of years.","related":["POST TERMINUM","AD TERMINUM QUI PRETERIT","DE NULLO TENEMENTO, QUOD TENETUR AD TERMINUM, FIT BOMAGII, FIT TAMEN INDO FIDELITATIS SACRAMENTUM","TERMINUM QUI PRETERIIT, WRIT OF ENTRY AD","QUARE EJECIT INFRA TERMINUM","TERMINUM","TERMOR","LIFE EXPECTANCY TERM INSURANCE","TWO STEP MORTGAGE","TRIENNIAL ACT"]}
{"title":"ADDICTIO","definition":"In the Roman law. The giving up to a creditor of his debtor’s person by a magistrate; also the transfer of the debtor’s goods to one who assumes his liabilities.","related":["CONFUSION OF DEBTS","OBLIGATIO","PIGNORIS CAPIO","CESSIO IN JURE","DELEGATION","ADJUDICATION","WAIVER OF EXEMPTION","PLEDGE","PREFERENTIAL TRANSFER","OBiERATUS"]}
{"title":"APICES LITIGANDI","definition":"Extremely fine points, or subtleties of litigation. Nearly equivalent to the modern phrase “sharp practice.” “It is unconscionable in a defendant to take advantage of the apices litigandi, to turn a plaintiff’around and make him pay costs when his demand is just” Per Lord Mansfield, in 3 Burr. 1243.","related":["INTER APICES JURIS","DEBITUM SINE BREVI","SANS SERIF TYPE","IMPEDIENS","PROFERT IN CURIA L","CAPIAS PRO LINE","CAPIATUR PRO FINE","LESWES","COGNIZANCE","EXHIBITIO BILLED"]}
{"title":"APOTHECARY","definition":"Any person who keeps a shop or building where medicines are compounded or prepared according to prescriptions of physicians, or where medicines are sold. Act Cong. July 13, 1806, c. 184,","related":["EATING-HOUSE","THEATER","PHOTOGRAPHER","SHOP","JUNK-SHOP","ART","ECLECTIC PRACTICE","GROG-SHOP","TRADESMAN","BEER-HOUSE"]}
{"title":"APPEARANCE","definition":"In practice. A coming into court as party to a suit, whether as plaintiff or defendant The formal proceeding by which a defendant submits himself to the jurisdiction of the court. Flint v. Comly, 95 Me. 251, 49 Atl. 1044; Crawford v. Vinton, 102 Mich. 83, 02 N. W. 988. Classification. An appearance may be either general or special; the former is a simple and unqualified or unrestricted submission to the jurisdiction of the court, the latter a submission to the jurisdiction for some specific purpose only, not for all the purposes of the suit. National Furnace Co. v. Moline Malleable Iron Works (C. C.) 18 Fed. S04. An appearance may also he either compulsory or voluntary, the former where it is compelled by process served on the party, the latter where it is entered by his own will or consent, without the service of process, though process may be outstanding. 1 Barb. Ch. Pr. 77. It is said to be optional when entered by a person who intervenes in the action to protect his own interests, though not joined as a party; conditional, when coupled with conditions as to its becoming or being taken as a general appearance; gratis, when made by a party to the action, but before the service of any process or legal notice to appear; de bene esse, when made provisionally or to remain good only upon a future contingency; subsequent. when made by a defendant after an appearance has already been entered for him by the plaintiff; corporal, when the person is physically present in court.","related":["NOTICE OF APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","NON-APPEARANCE","VOLUNTARY APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE DOCKET","GRATIS APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE DAY","REUS","RETRAXIT","APPEARANCE ALLOWANCE"]}
{"title":"APPENDITIA","definition":"The appendages or appurtenances of an estate or house. Cowell.","related":["APPURTENANCE","FURNITURE","PERTENENCIA","INQUILINUS","HUSGABLUM","MANSE","CUM PERTINENTIIS","CONE AND KEY","ELEEMOSYNARIA","MESE"]}
{"title":"APPOSAL OF SHERIFFS","definition":"The charging them with money received upon their account in the exchequer. St 22 \u0026 23 Car. II.; Cowell.","related":["PRICKING FOR SHERIFFS","ALLOCATION","PREST","TELLER","SCALAM","ARGENTARIUS MILES","UNILATERAL TRANSFERS","MONEY COUNTS","CASH BOOK","DEBIT"]}
{"title":"APPROBATE AND REPROBATE","definition":"In Scotch law. To approve and reject; to take advantage of one part, and reject the rest Bell. Equity suffers no person to approbate and reprobate the same deed. 1 Kames, Eq. 317; 1 Bell, Comm. 140.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"APPURTENANCE","definition":"That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; something annexed to another thing more worthy as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way or other easement to land; an out-house, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. Meek v. Breckenridge, 29 Ohio St. 042; Harris v. Elliott, 10 Pet. 54, 9 L. Ed. 333; Humphreys v. McKissock, 140 U. S. 304, 11 Sup. Ct. 779, 35 L. Ed. 473; Farmer v. Water Co., 50 Cal. 11. Appurtenances of a ship include whatever is on board a ship for the objects of the voyage and adventure in which she Is engaged, belonging to her owner. Appurtenant is substantially the same in meaning as accessory, but it is more technically used in relation to property, and is the more appropriate word for a conveyance.","related":["APPURTENANCE LIEN","PILOT","SECRETARY","JETTISON","BOTTOMRY","MARITIME LIEN","SHIP, v","SUPERCARGO","NAUTA","CHARTER-PARTY"]}
{"title":"AQNA CURRIT ET DEBET CURRERE, UT CUR- RERE SOLEBAT","definition":"Water runs, and ought to run, as it has used to run. 3 Bulst. 339; 3 Kent, Comm. 439. A running stream should be left to flow in its natural channel, without alteration or diversion. A fundamental maxim in the law of water-courses.","related":["UT CURRERE SOLEBAT","CURRIT QUATUOR PEDIBUS L LAT","QUATUOR PEDIBUS CURRIT","CURRIT TEMPUS CONTRA DESIDES ET SUI JURIS CONTEMPTORES","APPROPRIATION OF WATER","WATER-COURSE","DEBET ET SOLET","DEBET ET DETINET","RESPOKDERE NON DEBET","DEBET ESSE FINIS LITIUM"]}
{"title":"ARBITRAMENTUM SEQUUM TRIBUIT CNIQNE\nSUUM","definition":"A just arbitration renders to every one his own. Noy, Max. 248.","related":["SUUM CUIQUE TRIBUERE","DEFENDERS SE PER CORPUS SUUM","BONUS JUDEX SECUNDUM SEQUUM ET BONUM JUDICAT, ET SEQUITATEM STRICTO JURI PRAEFERT","ANNUS EST MORA MOTUS QUO SUUM PLAN- ETA PERVOLVAT CIRCULUM","DE ARBITRATIONS FACTA","ARBITRATION","COMPROMISSUM","VACATION OF AWARD","RIGHTS ARBITRATION","BOARD OF ARBITRATION"]}
{"title":"ARCA","definition":"Lat. In the civil law. A chest or coffer; a place for keeping money. Dig. 30, 30, 0; Id. 32, 64. Brissonius.","related":["NYSE ARCA","BAHADUM","RISCUS","CAMERA","INCIDERE","TABULAE","AREA","GRAMMATOPHYLACIUM","CISTA","COMPOUNDING A CRIME"]}
{"title":"ARE","definition":"A surface measure in the French law, in the form of a square, equal to 1070.441 square feet.","related":["ARPEN, ARPENT","FATHOM","LEAGUE","UNCIA AGRI, UNCIA TERR","MIEE","LUX (LX)","ROOD OF LAND","BLOOM","MILLARD","MAJOR FACILITY"]}
{"title":"ARGUENDO","definition":"In arguing; in the course of the argument. A statement or observation made by a judge as a matter of argument or illustration, but not directly bearing upon the ease at bar, or only incidentally involved in it, is said (in the reports) to be made arguendo, or, in the abbreviated form, arg.","related":["DICTUM","CURIA ADVISARI VULT L LAT","SED PER CURIAM","CASE ON APPEAL","CONTRA","AMICUS CURL","FORMAL LOGIC","NOTICE PERSONAL","INTELLIGIBILITY","PROCEEDING COLLATERAL"]}
{"title":"ARISTO-DEMOCRACY","definition":"A form of government where the power Is divided between the nobles and the people.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Property Law – 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I","Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AROMATARIUS","definition":"A word formerly used for a grocer. 1 Vent. 142.","related":["NORTHAMPTON TABLES","DATUR DIGNIORI","CRATES","CENTENARH","PER CENT","DE VERBO IN VERBUM","FAID2 CURSUS","OBSTRUCTION","EQUALITY","BARGAIN"]}
{"title":"ARREST OF JUDGMENT","definition":"In practice. The act of staying a judgment, or refusing to render judgment in an action at law, after verdict, for some matter intrinsic appearing on the face of the record, which would render the judgment, if given, erroneous or reversible. 3 Bl. Comm. 393 ; 3 Steph. Comm. 028 ; 2 Tidd, Pr. 918; Browning v. Powers, 142 Mo. 322, 44 S. W. 224; People v. Kelly, 94 N. Y. 520; Byrne v. Lynn. 18 Tex. Civ. App. 252, 44 S. W. 311.","related":["SIGNING JUDGMENT","JUDGMENT IN REM","VILLENOUS JUDGMENT","JUDGMENT IN PERSONAM","IN JUDGMENT","SUMMARY JUDGMENT","JUDGMENT","CONSENT JUDGMENT","JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT","RECAEE A JUDGMENT"]}
{"title":"ARRIVAL","definition":"In marine insurance. The arrival of a vessel means an arrival for pur- ]\u003eoses of business, requiring an entry aud clearance and stay at the port so long as to require some of the acts connected with business, and not merely touching at a port for advices, or to ascertain the state of the market. or being driven in by an adverse wind and sailing again as soon as it changes. Gronstadt v. Witthoff (D. C.) 15 Fed. 265; Dalgleish v. Brooke, 15 East, 295; Kenyon v. Tucker, 17 R. I. 529. 23 Atl. 61; Meigs v. Insurance Co.. 2 Cush. (Mass.) 439; Toler v. White, 1 Ware, 2S0, 24 Fed. Cas. 3; Harrison v. Vose, 0 How. 384, 13 L. Ed. 179. “A vessel arrives at a port of discharge when she comes, or is brought, to a place where it is intended to discharge her,-and where is the usual and customary place of discharge. When a vessel is insured to one or two ports, and sails for one. the risk terminates on her arrival there. If a vessel is insured to a particular port of discharge, and is destined to discharge cargw successively at two different wharves, docks, or places, within that port, each being a distinct place for the delivery of cargo, the risk ends when she has been moored twenty-four hours in safety at the first place. But if she is destined to one or more places for the delivery of cargo, and delivery or discharge of a portion of her cargo is necessary, not by reason of her having reached any destined place of delivery, but as a necessary and usual nautical measure, to enable her to reach such usual and destined place of delivery, she cannot properly be considered as having arrived at the usual and customary place of discharge, when she is at anchor for the purpose only of using such means as will better enable her to reach it. If she cannot get to the destined and usual place of discharge in the port because she is too deep, and must be lightered to get there, and, to aid in prosecuting the voyage, cargo is thrown overboard or put into lighters, such discharge does not make that the place of arrival; it is only a stopping-place in the voyage. When the vessel is insured to a particular port of discharge, arrival within the limits of the harbor does not terminate the risk, if the place is not one where vessels are discharged and voyages completed. The policy covers the vessel through the port navigation, as well as on the open sea, until she reaches the destined place.” Simpson v. Insurance Co., Holmes, 137. Fed. Cas. No. 12.8S6.","related":["Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","definition":"In Scotch law. Articulate averments setting forth the facts relied upon. Bell. That part of the proceedings which corresponds to the charge in an English bill in chancery to set aside a deed. Paters. Comp. The answer is called “articles approbatory.”","related":["ARTICLES APPROBATORY","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT","ARTICLES OF UNION","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF WAR"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF WAR","definition":"Codes framed for the government of a nation’s army are commonly thus called.","related":["ARTICLES OF RELIGION","ARTICLES OF THE NAVY","ARTICLES OF FAITH","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES IMPROBATORY","ARTICLES","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION","ARTICLES OF IMPEACHMENT","ARTICLES OF THE PEACE"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIALLY","definition":"Technically; scientifically ; using terms of art. A will or contract is described as “artificially” drawn if it is couched in apt and technical phrases and exhibits a scientific arrangement.","related":["SPECIAL CONTRACT","TECHNICAL DATA","CALL CONTRACT","STATE OF THE ART","LA Fr","TECHNICAL REPORT","SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","APT WORDS","FORM","ART, WORDS OF"]}
{"title":"ASSACH","definition":"In old Welsh law. An oath made by compurgators. Brown.","related":["PURGATION","JUSTIFICATORS","SACRAMENTALES","MAKING LAW","CORPORAL OATB","SWEAR","AHTEID","AFFIDATIO","YEA AND NAY","JURATION"]}
{"title":"ACTIO DAMNI INJURIA","definition":"The name of a general class of actions for damages, including many species of suits for losses caused by wrongful or negligent acts. The term is about equivalent to our “action for damages.”","related":["Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Secured Transactions","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)"]}
{"title":"ACTIO JUDICATI","definition":"An action instituted, after four months had elapsed after the rendition of judgment, in which the judge issued his warrant to seize, first, the movables, which were sold within eight days afterwards; and then the immovables, which were delivered in pledge to the creditors, or put under the care of a curator, and if, at the end of two mouths, the debt was not paid, the land was sold. Dig. 42, 1; Code, 8. 34.","related":["PIGNORATITIA ACTIO","ACTIO PIGNORATITIA","ACTIO AESTIMATORIA; ACTIO QUANTI\nMINORIS","DE PIGNORE SURREPTO FURTI, ACTIO","ACTIO REDLIIBI- TORIA","ACTIO CONFESSORIA","ACTIO NEGATORIA","SI ACTIO","ACTIO CONDICTIO INDEBITATI","ACTIO DE PECUNIA CONSTI- TUTA"]}
{"title":"ASYLUM","definition":"1. A sanctuary, or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be taken without sacrilege. State v. Bacon, 6 Neb. 291; Cromie v. Institution of Mercy, 3 Bush (Ivy.) 391. 2. Shelter; refuge; protection from the hand of justice. The word includes not only place, but also shelter, security, protection; and a fugitive from justice, who has committed a crime in a foreign country, “seeks an asylum” at all times when he claims the use of the territories of the United States. In re De Giacomo, 12 Blatchf. 395, Fed. Cas. No. 3,747. 3. An institution for the protection and relief of unfortunates, as asylums for the poor, for the deaf and dumb, or for the insane. Lawrence v. Leidigh, 58 Kan. 594, 50 Pac. 600, 62 Am. St Rep. 631.","related":["POLITICAL ASYLUM","DEAF AND DUMB","SURDUS","DOMNS PROCERUM","MUTUS ET SURDUS","ALMS","INTERPRETER","GUARDIANS OF THE POOR","POVERTY LEVEL","VIDELICET"]}
{"title":"ATRAVESADOS","definition":"In maritime law. A Spanish term signifying athwart, at right angles, or abeam; sometimes used as descriptive of the position of a vessel which is “lying to.” The Hugo (D. C.) 57 Fed. 403, 410.","related":["HEAVE TO","COLLISION","AWAIT","ALMOXARIFAZGO","BACK\nLANDS","COLLISION CLAUSE","UNLIVERY","STARBOARD","MAHLBRIEF","T VOYAGE"]}
{"title":"ATTENDANT TERMS","definition":"In English law. Terms, (usually mortgages,) for a long period of years, which are created or kept outstanding for the purpose of attending or waiting upon and protecting the inheritance. 1 Steph. Comm. 351. A phrase used in conveyancing to denote estates which are kept alive, after the objects for which they were originally created have ceased, so that they might be deemed merged or satisfied, for the purpose of protecting or strengthening the title of the owner. Abbott","related":["ATTENDANT","AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","Terms of Service","TERMS OF REFERENCE","TRADE TERMS","TERMS OF SALE","TERMS OF PAYMENT","SHIPPING TERMS","SELLING TERMS","PAYMENT TERMS"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY","definition":"In the most general sense this term denotes an agent or substitute, or one who is appointed and authorized to act in the place or stead of another. In re Ricker, 60 N. H. 207, 29 Atl. 559, 24 L. R. A. 740; Eichelberger v. Sifford, 27 Md. 320. It is “an ancient English word, and signifies one that is set in the turn, stead, or place of another; and of these some be private * * * and some be publike, as attorneys at law.” Co. Litt. 516, 128a; Britt 2856. One who is appointed by another to do something in his absence, and who has authority to act in the place and turn of him by whom he is delegated. When used with reference to the proceedings of courts, or the transaction of business in the courts, the term always means “attorney at law,” q. v. And see People v. May, 3 Mich. 605; Kelly v. Herb, 147 Pa. 503, 23 Atl. 889; Clark v. Morse, 16 La. 576.","related":["ATTORNEY IN FACT","LETTER OF\nATTORNEY","ATTORNEY AT LAW","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY GENERAL","PUBLIC ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY AT LARGE","PROSECUTING ATTORNEY","SUBSTITUTION OF ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY (ATTORNEY AT LAW)"]}
{"title":"AUCTIONEER","definition":"A person authorized or licensed by law to sell lands or goods of other persons at public auction; one who sells at auction. Crandall v. State, 28 Ohio St. 481; Williams v. Millington, 1 H. Bl. 83; Russell v. Miner, 5 Lans. (N. Y.) 539. Auctioneers differ frbm brokers, in that the latter may both buy and sell, whereas auctioneer can only sell; also brokers may sell by private contract only, and auctioneers by public auction only. Auctioneers can only sell goods for ready money, but factors may sell upon credit. Wilkes v. Ellis, 2 H. Bl. 557; Steward v. Winters, 4 Sandf. Ch. (N. Y.) 590.","related":["HAMMER","MULTIPLE LISTING SERVICE (MLS)","CASH VALUE","SUBHASTARE","PUBLIC AUCTION","AUCTIONARI-IE","BY-BIDDING","BARTER","BROKERAGE SUPERVISOR","COMMON AND PRIVATE CARRIERS"]}
{"title":"AULA","definition":"In old English law. A hall, or court; the court of a baron, or manor; a court baron. Spelman.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTIC","definition":"Genuine; true; having the character and authority of an original; duly vested with all necessary formalities and legally attested; competent, credible, and reliable as evidence. Downing v. Brown, 3 Colo. 590.","related":["AUTHENTIC ACT","AUTHENTIC RECORD","AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT","COMPETENCY","CERTIFIED","FABRICATE","FICTION","APPRAISER","IGNORAMUS","INVESTITURE"]}
{"title":"AUTRE DROIT","definition":"The right of another","related":["DROIT DROIT","ESTATE PUR AUTRE VIE","AUTER, AUTRE","AUTRE","AUTRE ACTION PENDANT","AUTRE VIE","DROIT ECRIT","DROIT DE GARDE","DROIT DE BRIS","DE COMON DROIT"]}
{"title":"AVANTURE","definition":"L Fr. Chance; hazard; mischance.","related":["Evidence 2","Torts (Selmi)","Civil Law Torts","GROSSE AVANTURE","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)"]}
{"title":"AVERMENT","definition":"In pleading. A positive statement of facts, in opposition to argument or inference. 1 Chit. PI. 320. In old pleading. An offer to prove a plea, or pleading. The concluding part of a plea, replication, or other pleading, containing new affirmative matter, by which the party offers or declares himself “ready to verify.”","related":["NEGATIVE AVERMENT","NOTICE AVERMENT OF","ET HOC PARATUS EST VERIFI- CARE","DEPARTURE","DE INJURIA","PARATUS EST VERIFICARE","UNCORE PRIST","OPINION","REPLICATION","VERIFICATION"]}
{"title":"AVOWANT","definition":"One who makes an avowry.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","AVOWRY","Secured Transactions","First Amendment"]}
{"title":"AYRE","definition":"In old Scotch law. Eyre; a circuit, eyre, or iter.","related":["AIRE","IN ITINERE","CURIA REGIS","CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS","ONCE IN JEOPARDY","FUNCTIONAL ISOLATION","CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)","UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS","CLOSED CIRCUIT","HAUSTUS"]}
{"title":"ACTIO CONFESSORIA","definition":"An affirmative petitory action for the recognition and enforcement of a servitude. So called because based on the plaintiff’s affirmative allegation of a right in defendant’s land. Distinguished from an actio ncfintoria, which was brought to repel a claim of tlie defendant to a servitude in the plaintiff’s land. Mackeld. Horn. Law.","related":["CONFESSORIA ACTIO LAT","ACTIO NEGATORIA","ACTIO MIXTA","ACTIO PRA;TORIA","ACTIO VULGARIS","ACTIO IN PERSONAM","ACTIO LE- GIS AQUILIA","ACTIO RESCISSORIA","PERSONALIS ACTIO","ACTIO CALNMNISE"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMANCE DAY GENERAL","definition":"In the English court of exchequer, is a day appointed by the judges of the common pleas, and barons of the exchequer, to be held a few days after the beginning of every term for the general allirmance or reversal of judgments. 2 Tidd, Pr. 1091.","related":["AFFIRMANCE","ATTORNEY GENERAL","COURT OF OYER AND TERMINER AND GENERAL JAIL DELIVERY","COURT OF GENERAL QUARTER SESSIONS OF THE PEACE","COURT OF COMMON PLEAS","GENERAL COURT-MARTIAL","GENERAL CHARGE","PROCUREUR GENERAL, or IMPERIAL","LEGACY GENERAL","MORTGAGE GENERAL"]}
{"title":"AFFOREST","definition":"To convert land into a forest in the legal sense of the word.","related":["Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"AFTERMATH","definition":"A second crop of grass mown in the same season ; also the right to take such second crop. See 1 Chit. Gen. Pr. 181.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Secured Transactions","FALCARE","Evidence 2","PRIMA TONSURA","EMBLEMENTS","GROWING CROP"]}
{"title":"AGENT AND PATIENT","definition":"A phrase indicating the state of a person who is required to do a thing, and is at the same time the person to whom it is done.","related":["PATIENT CONSENT IN EMERGENCIES","PHYSICIAN-PATIENT PRIVILEGE","PATIENT CONSENT","NET PATIENT REVENUE","DISCHARGE OF PATIENT","DETENTION OF PATIENT","PATIENT CAPITAL","DISCHARGE OF PATIENT AGAINST ADVICE","PATIENT-LITIGANT EXCEPTION","PATIENT FORBEARANCE RULE"]}
{"title":"AGISTATIO ANIMALIUM IN FOR- EISTA","definition":"The drift or numbering of cattle in the forest.","related":["DRIFTS OF THE FOREST","DROVE-ROAD","AGIST","STAFF-HERDING","RANGER","VERDEROB","DE AVERIIS CAPTIS IN WITHER NAMIUM","CHASE","REPOSITION OF THE FOREST","BOSCAGE"]}
{"title":"AGREE","definition":"To concur; to come into harmony ; to give mutual assent; to unite in mental action; to exchange promises; to make an agreement. To concur or acquiesce in; to approve or adopt. Agreed, agreed to, are frequently used in the books, (like accord,) to show the concurrence or harmony of cases. Agreed per curiam is a common expression. To harmonize or reconcile. “You will agree your books.” 8 Coke, 67.","related":["INHERIT","BREAKING A CASE","UNDERSTANDING","RANDOM","ACTIO EX DELICTO","GENERALE","CONCILIATION","CONGE D’AECORDER","MULTITUDE","CONCURSUS"]}
{"title":"AID AND ABET","definition":"In criminal law. That kind of connection with the commission of a crime which, at common law, rendered the person guilty as a principal in the second degree. It consisted in being present at the time and place, and doing some act to render aid to the actual perpetrator of the crime, though without taking a direct share in its commission. See 4 Bl. Comm. 34; Peo ple v. Dole, 122 Cal. 486, 55 Pac. 5S1, 68 Am. St. Rep. 50; State v. Tally, 102 Ala. 25, 15 South. 722; State v. Jones, 115 Iowa, 113, 88 N. W. 196; State v. Cox, 65 Mo. 29, 33.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"AJUAR","definition":"In Spanish law. Paraphernalia. The jewels and furniture which a wife brings in marriage.","related":["DOWRY","PARAPHERNALIA","DOTE","DOS","AFFINITY","MONOGAMY","ARRAS","DIGAMA, or DIGAMY","GANANCIAL PROPERTY","CELEBRATION OF MARRIAGE"]}
{"title":"ALCOHOLISM","definition":"In medical jurisprudence. The pathological effect (as distinguished from physiological effect) of excessive indulgence in intoxicating liquors. It is acute when induced by excessive potations at one time or in the course of a single debauch. An attack of delirium tremens and alcoholic homicidal mania are examples of this form. It is chronic when resulting from the long- continued use of spirits in less quantities, as in the case of dipsomania.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ALEU","definition":"Fr. In French feudal law. An allodial estate, as distinguished from a feudal estate or benefice.","related":["FRANC ALEU","FEUDAL","RECOMMENDATION","COMMENDATION","BENEFICIUM","DROIT DE GARDE","VICAR","FREEMAN","BENEFICE","OSHAL"]}
{"title":"ALIENABLE","definition":"Proper to be the subject of alienation or transfer.","related":["ALIENEE","ALIENOR","ALIENATE","TRANSFER, n","INALIENABLE","LITIGIOSITY","CONVEYANCING","TAXABLE","ALIEN OR ALIENE V","DISPOSITION"]}
{"title":"ALIQUID CONCEDITUR NE INJURIA REMA- NEAT IMPNNITA, QUOD ALIAS NON CONCE- DERETNR","definition":"Something is (will be) conceded, to prevent a wrong remaining unredressed, which otherwise would not be conceded. Co. Litt. 1976.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Civil Law Torts","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ALLEGATA","definition":"In Roman law. A word which the emperors formerly signed at the bottom of their rescripts and constitutions; under other instruments they usually wrote signata or testata. Enc. Loud.","related":["ALLEGATA ET PROBATA","EPISTOLiE","BASRLEUS","CODEX GRCGORIANUS","JUS TRIPERTITUM","CONSISTORIUM","BULLA","ORACDLUM","WORDS","DEDI"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATUR","definition":"Lat It is allowed. A word formerly used to denote that a writ or order was allowed. A word denoting the allowance by a master or prothonotary of a bill referred for his consideration, whether touching costs, damages, or matter of account. Lee.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Contracts I","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)"]}
{"title":"ALLOWANCE","definition":"A deduction, an average payment, a portion assigned or allowed: the act of allowing.","related":["APPEARANCE ALLOWANCE","EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT ALLOWANCE","TRADE ALLOWANCE","SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE","PARSONAGE ALLOWANCE","HANDLING ALLOWANCE","BENEFIT ALLOWANCE","BALANCING ALLOWANCE","BAGGAGE ALLOWANCE","WRITING DOWN ALLOWANCE (WDA)"]}
{"title":"ALTA PRODITIO","definition":"L. Lat. In old English law. High treason. 4 Bl. Comm. 75. See HIQII TREASON.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Constitution of The United States of America","ALTA VIA","Secured Transactions","ALTA","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Property Law","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ALTUM MARE","definition":"L. Lat. In old English law. The high sea, or seas. Co. Litt 2006. The deep sea. Super altum mare, on the high seas. Hob. 2120.","related":["MARE","CONSOLATO DEL MARE","FILLY","BEYOND SEA","LAW OF THE SEA","NARROW SEAS","SHIP","GRAVA","SHORE LANDS","HIGH"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUITY","definition":"Doubtfulness; doubleness of meaning; indistinctness or uncertainty of meaning of an expression used in a written instrument. Ninrlle v. State Bank, 13 Neb. 245, 13 N. W. 275; Ellmaker v. Ellmaker, 4 Watts (I’a.) 89; Kraner v. Ilalsey, 82 Cal. 209, 22 Pac. 1137; Ward v. Epsy, 6 Humph. (Tenn.) 447. An ambiguity may be either latent or patent. It is the former, where the language employed Is clear and intelligible and suggests but a single meaning, but some extrinsic fact or extraneous evidence creates a necessity for interpretation or a choice among two or more possible meanings. But a patent ambiguity is that which appears on the face of the instrument, and arises from the defective, obscure, or insensible language used. Carter v. Holman, 60 Mo. 504; Brown v. Guice, 46 Miss. 302; Stokeley v. Gordon, 8 Md. 505; Chambers v. Iiingstaff, 09 Ala. 140; Hawkins v. Garland, 76 Va. 152, 44 Am. Rep. 158; Hand v. Hoffman, 8 N. J. Law, 71; Ives v. Kimball, 1 Mich. 313; Palmer v. Albee, 50 Iowa, 431; Petrie v. Hamilton College, 158 N. Y. 458, 53 N. E. 216. Synonyms. Ambiguity of language is to be distinguished from unintelligibility and inaccuracy, for words cannot be said to be ambiguous unless their signification seems doubtful and uncertain to persons of competent skill and knowledge to understand them. Story, Contr. 272. The term “ambiguity” does not include mere inaccuracy, or such uncertainty as arises from the use of peculiar words, or of common words in a peculiar sense. Wig. Wills, 174.","related":["AMBIGUITY UPON TLIE FACTUM","EXTRINSIC AMBIGUITY","AMBIGUITY PRINCIPLE","AMBIGUITAS","ROLE AMBIGUITY","LATENT AMBIGUITY","AMBIGUITAS VEBORUM LATENS VERIFL- CATIONE SUPPLETUR; NAM QUOD EX FACTO ORITUR\nAMBIGUUM VERIFICATIONE FACTI TOLLITUR","CONSTRUE","PATENT,","UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE"]}
{"title":"AMERALIUS","definition":"L. Lat A naval commander, under the eastern Roman empire, but not of the highest rank; the origin, according to Spelman, of the modern title and office of admiral. Spelman.","related":["Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION","definition":"An alienation of lands or tenements in mortmain. The reduction of the property of lands or tenements to mortmain. In Its modern sense, amortization is the operation of paying off bonds, stock, or other indebtedness of a state or corporation. Sweet.","related":["MORTGAGE AMORTIZATION OF","AMORTIZATION CALCULATOR","AMORTIZATION TABLE","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","AMORTIZATION OF BOND PREMIUM","LEVEL PAYMENT AMORTIZATION","ADMORTIZATION","MORTMAIN","AMORTIZATION EXPENSE","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","definition":"One which is equal, or reasonably proportioned, to the value of that for which it is given. 1 Story, Eq. Jur.","related":["INADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE REMEDY","ADEQUATE CARE","ADEQUATE NOTICE","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE PREPARATION","ADEQUATE EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"ARGNMENTMN A DIVISIONS EST FORTISSI- MUM IN JURE","definition":"An argument from division [of the subject] is of the greatest force in law. Co. Litt. 2136; 6 Coke, 60.","related":["ARGUMENTUM A COMMUNITER ACCIDEN- TIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST","DE JURE","JURE IN REM","IN JURE","QUO JURE","JURE","CESSIO IN JURE","DE JURE CORPORATION","DE JURE DIRECTOR","GOVERNMENT DE JURE"]}
{"title":"ARMA MOLUTA","definition":"Sharp weapons that cut, in contradistinction to such as are blunt, which only break or bruise. Fleta, lib. 1, c. 33, par. 6.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Constitutional Criminal Procedure","ARMA IN ARMATOS SUMERE JURA SINNNT","ARMA REVERSATA"]}
{"title":"ARRAIGNMENT","definition":"In criminal practice. Calling the defendant to the bar of the court, to answer the accusation contained in the indictment.","related":["INFORMATION","ARRAIGN","SEPARATE COUNTS","SUMMON","ANSWER","TRAVERSE","REPLY","DISCONTINUANCE","VOLUNTARY ANSWER","PROCURATOR"]}
{"title":"ARRESTMENT","definition":"In Scotch law. Securing a criminal’s person till trial, or that of a debtor till he give security juilicio sisti. The order of a judge, by which he who is debtor in a movable obligation to the arrester’s debtor is prohibited to make payment or delivery till the debt due to the arrester be paid or secured. Ersk. Inst. 3, 6, 2.","related":["Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Professional Responsibility","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ARSER IN EE MAIN","definition":"Burning in the hand. The punishment by burning or branding the left thumb of lay offenders who claimed and were allowed the benefit of clergy, so as to distinguish them in case they made a second claim of clergy. 5 Coke, 51; 4 Bl. Comm. 367.","related":["Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF FAITH","definition":"In English law. The system of faith of the Church of England, more commonly known as the “Thirty-Nine A nicies.”","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Contracts I","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)"]}
{"title":"ARTICULI DE MONETA","definition":"Articles concerning money, or the currency. The title of a statute passed in the twentieth year of Edward I. 2 Reeve, Hist. Eng. Law, 228; Crabb, Eng. Law, (Amer. Ed.) 167.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AS AGAINST; AS BETWEEN","definition":"These words contrast the relative position of two persons, with a tacit reference to a different relationship between one of them and a third person. For instance, the temporary bailee of a chattel is entitled to it as be- tivccn himself and a stranger, or as against a stranger; reference being made by this form of words to the rights of the bailor. Wharton.","related":["BAILMENT FOR HIRE","AS BETWEEN","PRECARIUM","KNOWLEDGE CREATION","JUS TERTII","GRATUITOUS BAILMENT","ACTIO EX CONDUCTO","RELATIVE DENSITY","NAKED POSITION","BAILMENT"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT DEED","definition":"A deed 30 years old and shown to come from a proper custody and having nothing suspicious about it is an “ancient deed” and may be admitted in evidence without proof of its execution. Havens v. Seashore Land Co., 47 N. J. Eq. 305. 20 Atl. 497; Davis v. Wood. 101 Mo. 17. 01 S. W. 095","related":["Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law – 2","Contracts I (Hillman)","Trust and Will","Torts (Selmi)","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ANDROLEPSY","definition":"The taking by one nation of the citizens or subjects of another, in order to compel the latter to do justice to the former. Wolllius,","related":["MARQUE AND REPRISAL, LETTERS OF","COMMERCE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS","SUBJECT","PEOPLE","PEACE OF THE STATE","PILLAGE","AERSST","NEITHER FRAUD NOR DECEPTION IS A NECESSARY INGREDIENT IN THE ACT OF ADMINISTERING\nPOISON","NATIONAL WEALTH","DE PR-SEROGATIVA REGIS"]}
{"title":"ANIMO","definition":"Lat. With intention, disposition, design, will. Quo animo, with what intention. Animo cancellandi. with intention to cancel. 1 Pow. Dev. 003. Furandi, with intention to steal. 4 Bl. Comm. 230; 1 Kent. Comm. 183. Lucrandi, with intention to gain or profit. 3 Kent, Comm. 357. Manendi, with intention to remain. 1 Kent, Comm. 70. Morandi, with intention to stay, or delay. Rcpublicandi, with intention to republish. 1 Pow. Dev. 009. Revertendi, with intention to return. 2 Bl. Comm. 392. Revoeandi, with intention to revoke. 1 Pow. Dev. 595. Testandi, with intention to make a will. See ANIITUS and the titles which follow it","related":["QUO ANIMO","MALO ANIMO","ANIMO ET CORPORE","ANIMO FELONICO","CORPORE ET ANIMO","ANIMUS REPUBLICANDI","TOUCH","ANIMUS MANENDI","INTENTION","ANIMUS REVERTENDI"]}
{"title":"ASSENT","definition":"Compliance; approval of something done; a declaration of willingness to do something in compliance with a request. Norton v. Davis, 83 Tex. 32, 18 S. W. 430; Appeal of Pittsburgh, 115 Pa. 4, 7 Atl. 778; Canal Co. v. Railroad Co., 4 Gill \u0026 J. (Md.) 1, 30; Baker v. Johnson County, 37 Iowa, 189; Fuller v. Kemp (Com. PI.) 16 N. Y. Supp. 160.","related":["Nonprofit Corporate Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Criminal Procedure","Professional Responsibility","Contracts I (Hillman)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ASSIGN, V","definition":"In conveyancing. To make or set over to another; to transfer; as to assign property, or some interest therein. Cowell ; 2 Bl. Comm. 320; Bump v. Van Orsdale, II Barb. (N. Y.) 038; Iloag v. Mendenhall, 19 Minn. 33G (Gil. 2S9). In practice. To appoint, allot, select, or designate for a particular purpose, or duty. Thus, in England, justices are said to be “assigned to take the assises.” “assigned to hold pleas,” “assigned to make gaol delivery,” “assigned to keep the peace,” etc. St. Westm. 2, c. 30; Reg. Orig. OS, 09; 3 Bl. Comm. 58, 59, 353; 1 Bl. Comm. 351. To transfer persons, as a sheriff is said to assign prisoners in his custody. To point at, or point out; to set forth, or specify; to mark out or designate; as to assign errors on a writ of error; to assign breaches of a covenant. 2 Tidd, Pr. 11GS; 1 Tidd, GSG.","related":["RIGHT TO ASSIGN WORK","RIGHT TO ASSIGN EMPLOYEES","ASSIGN","DOTE ASSIGN AND A","CEDE","CONSTABLE","COMMISSION OF THE PEACE","CONSERVATORS OF THE PEACE","CUSTOS ROTULORUM","GIFT"]}
{"title":"ASSISA DE FORESTA","definition":"Assise of the forest; a statute concerning orders to be observed in the royal forests.","related":["ASSISA","CARTA DE FORESTA","CHARTA DE FORESTA","ASSISA PANIS ET CEREVISISE","DE ASSISA PROROGANDA","ASSISA ARMORUM","ASSISA DE CLARENDON","ASSISA CADERE","ASSISA FRISCSE FORTIAE","ASSISA ULTIMSE PRSESENTATIONIS"]}
{"title":"AD FEODI FIRMAM","definition":"To fee farm. Fleta, lib. 2, c. 50,","related":["SOLUTIONE FEODI MILITIS PAR- LIAMENTI, or FEODI BURGENSIS PARLIAMENTI","AD FIRMAM","FEODI FIRMA","FEODI FIRMARIUS","DE CAPITALIBUS DOMINIS FEODI","INSTAURUM","BOUWERYE","FERME","FARM PROPERTY COVERAGE FORM","DEMISE"]}
{"title":"AD INTERIM","definition":"In the mean time. An officer ad interim is one appointed to fill a temporary vacancy, or to discharge the duties of the office during the absence or temporary incapacity of its regular incumbent.","related":["INTERIM","INTERIM ORDER","CORONER","SPECIAL ELECTION","UNDER-SHERIFF","VACANCY","CURATE","KING’S REMEMBRANCER","EXAMINER","MARRIAGE"]}
{"title":"AD OSTIUM ECCLESI2E","definition":"At the door of the church. One of the five species of dower formerly recognized by the English law. 1 Washb. Real Prop. 149; 2 Bl. Comm. 132.","related":["OSTIUM ECCLESLS:","DOWER AD OSTIUM ECCLESIAE","DE DOTE UNDE NIHIL HABET","DETERMINE","DIGNITY","ADVOWSON","REVERTER","DOWER","HAY-BOTE","IN FACIE ECCLESLX"]}
{"title":"AD STUDENDUM ET ORANDUM","definition":"For studying and praying; for the promotion of learning and religion. A phrase applied to colleges and universities. 1 Bl. Comm. 407; T. Raym. 101.","related":["ELEEMOSYNARY AND CIVIL","APOSTACY","DEMIES","GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT","LAMBETH DEGREE","PUBLICITY","PER VERBA DE PRiESENTI","PROBUS ET LEGALIS HOMO","COLLEGE","AID PRAYER"]}
{"title":"ADDICEREU LAT","definition":"In the civil law. To adjudge or condemn; to assign, allot, or deliver; to sell. In the Roman law, addico was one of the three words used to express the extent of the civil jurisdiction of the praetors.","related":["DO, DICO, ADDICO","AGARDER","C","ASSIGN, V","CONDEMN","DEEM","JUS HONORARIUM","TRIVERBIAL DAYS","PRSFECTTJRa;","DIES FASTI"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","definition":"(to be awarded to one whose property is taken for public use under the power of eminent domain) means the full and just value of the property, payable in money. Buffalo, etc., R. Co. v. Ferris, 26 Tex. 5SS.","related":["COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE CAUSE","JUST COMPENSATION","ACCRUED COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE EVIDENCE","ADEQUATE NOTICE","ADEQUATE PREPARATION","ADEQUATE CARE"]}
{"title":"ADJOINING","definition":"The word “adjoining,” in its etymological sense, means touching or contiguous, as distinguished from lying near to or adjacent And the same meaning has been given to it when used in statutes. See ADJACENT.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ADJUDICATION","definition":"The giving or pronouncing a judgment or decree in a cause; also the judgment given. The term is principally used in bankruptcy proceedings, the adjudication being the order which declares the debtor to be a bankrupt. In French law. A sale made at public auction and upon competition. Adjudications are voluntary, judicial, or administrative. Duverger. In Scotch law. A species of diligence, or process for transferring the estate of a debtor to a creditor, carried 011 as an ordinary action before the court of session. A species of judicial sale, redeemable by the debtor. A decreet ol’ the lords of session, adjudging and appropriating a person’s lands, hereditaments, or any heritable right to belong to his creditor, who is called the “adjudger,” for payment or performance. Bell; Ersk. Inst, c. 2. tit. 12.","related":["ADJUDICATION CONTRA HASREDITATEM JACCNTEJU","ARTICULATE ADJUDICATION","ADJUDICATION OF BANKRUPTCY","FORMER ADJUDICATION, or FORMER RECOVERY","ADJUDICATION IN IMPLEMENT","ADJUDICATION IN\nBANKRUJITCY","COURT OF SESSION","OUTER HOUSE","EXPROMISSIO","NOTOUR"]}
{"title":"ADMENSURATIO","definition":"In old English law. Admeasurement. Reg. Orig. 150, 157.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Secured Transactions","Property Law","Constitutional Law","DE ADMENSURATIONE"]}
{"title":"ADMIRAL","definition":"In European law. An officer who presided over the admiralitus. or collegium amrniralitatis. Locc. de Jur. Mar. lib. 2, c. 2,","related":["DECANUS","JUS STAPULZE","CHIEF JUSTICIAR","EUROPEAN CURRENCY UNIT (ECU)","INTENDANT","JUS FLUMINUM","ANIMUS RECUPERANDI","JUS NAVIGANDI","ASSECURATOR","MARSHAL"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY","definition":"The density of water vapor per air volume. It is expressed in kilograms per cubic meters.","related":["SPECIFIC HUMIDITY","RELATIVE HUMIDITY","ABSOLUTE ERROR","MEASUREMENT TON","ABSOLUTE URL","ABSOLUTE LAW","ABSOLUTE","LOAD","ABSOLUTE PRESSURE","ABSOLUTE PARDON"]}
{"title":"ABSORBED COSTS","definition":"The costs of manufacturing that are not related to production. They can be taxes, insurance, and building expenses. These costs are linked to a separate account.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Professional Responsibility","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Family Law","Property Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"ABSTRACTION PRINCIPLE","definition":"A credit rule that stipulates a credit is not affected by its underlying agreement or contract. This is also called the autonomy principle","related":["AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE","WRONGFUL ABSTRACTION","PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE","PRINCIPLE,","PETER PRINCIPLE","AMBIGUITY PRINCIPLE","ACCELERATION PRINCIPLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","PARETO PRINCIPLE","ACCELERATOR PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED DEPOSIT RULE","definition":"If a business totals $100,000 in federal tax in one day it must be in the bank the next day. Once this occurs the business must maintain a semi-weekly deposit for the next two years.","related":["CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (CD)","TIME DEPOSIT","BROKERED CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (CD)","LOCK-UP CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (CD)","FLOATING RATE CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (FRCD)","NEGOTIABLE CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT (NCD)","DEPOSIT ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT","ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (ACRS)","ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT"]}
{"title":"ABANDON","definition":"An investor deciding not to sell or act upon an option at the end of the contract. Also:","related":["SHORT CALL OPTION","OPTION PRICE","BARRIER OPTION","FUTURES CONTRACT","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","FUTURES OPTION","SELL SHORT","CRACK SPREAD","PUTABLE BOND","CRUSH SPREAD"]}
{"title":"ABILITY TO PAY","definition":"An individuals ability to manage their disposable income to pay a tax or loan. This is called capacity and is a deciding factor in loan decision. It is also called the five C’s of credit and fixed charge coverage ratio.","related":["ABILITY TO REPAY","ABILITY TO PERFORM","ABILITY","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","ABILITY TO SUPPORT","WETTING ABILITY","ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL","ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPLE","ABILITY TO PAY TAX"]}
{"title":"ABOVE WATER","definition":"A company who can stay out of debt and economic trouble. This causes them to have a better credit rating and investors see them as well off. They will also be rewarded with a higher line of credit.","related":["LOW WATER","WATER\nN\n0\nU\nW","WATER","WATER-COURSE","WATER TREATMENT","WATER TABLE","HARD WATER","BLACK WATER","APPROPRIATION OF WATER","WATER RIGHTS"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE INTEREST","definition":"A clear profit or advantage. There are no stipulations placed on them. Vested interest is another term for this.","related":["ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE","ABSOLUTE SALE","ABSOLUTE COST ADVANTAGE","LEGAL INTEREST","COVERED INTEREST ARBITRAGE","BENEFICIAL INTEREST","POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","OBLIGATION ABSOLUTE","LEGACY ABSOLUTE"]}
{"title":"ABSORBED DOSE","definition":"The trace amounts of materials that are absorbed and retained by the body. This is measured by milligrams per kilogram of the individuals body weight per day. This is commonly called an internal dose.","related":["LETHAL DOSE 50 (LD50)","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)","PERMISSIBLE DOSE","POTENTIAL DOSE","LETHAL DOSE LOW (LDLO)","THRESHOLD DOSE 50 (TD50)","MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE","EFFECTIVE DOSE 50 (ED50)","THRESHOLD DOSE","ABSORBED ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ABSTRUSE","definition":"Something that is harder to understand for those with only basic knowledge on the topic.","related":["RELEASE CONDITION","FOCUS GROUP","CONTINUOUS LEARNING ACTIVITY","RESEARCH","SITUATED LEARNING","CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY","CONSCIENTIA REI ALIENI","K-COMMERCE","COMPETENCE","ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITION","definition":"This method of depreciaition helps companies to recover costs faster than through traditional straight line depreciation. Advantages of accelerated depcreiation including quicker recovery of cost and lower taxes.","related":["ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (ACRS)","ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","MODIFIED ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (MACRS)","ACCELERATED OPTION","ACCELERATED AMORTIZATION","ACCELERATED BOOKBUILD","ACCELERATED BENEFITS","ACCELERATED DEPOSIT RULE","ACCELERATED TARIFF ELIMINATION","RENTAL PROPERTY"]}
{"title":"ANCIENT DOCUMENTS","definition":"Deeds, wills, and other writings more than thirty years old areso called; they are presumed to be genuine without express proof, when coming fromthe proper custody.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Trust and Will","Comparative Constitutional Law","Family Law","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE ENJOYMENT","definition":"The possession or exercise of an easement, under a claim ofright against the owner of the land out of which such easement is derived. 2 W’aslib.Real Prop. 42; Cox v. Forrest, 00 Md. 79.","related":["ENJOYMENT","ADVERSE","COVENANT FOR QUIET ENJOYMENT","QUIET ENJOYMENT","PRESENT ENJOYMENT","BENEFICIAL\nENJOYMENT","ADVERSE USE","ADVERSE CLAIM","ADVERSE POSSESSION","ADVERSE EFFECT"]}
{"title":"ABOVE THE LINE DEDUCTION","definition":"Any amounts that can be garnished from an individuals total income. Examples of this are alimony, child support, or educational costs.","related":["MEDICAL EXPENSE DEDUCTION","TAX DEDUCTION","MOVING EXPENSE DEDUCTION","AFTER-TAX DEDUCTION","STANDARD DEDUCTION","STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION","DEDUCTION FOR NEW","DEDUCTION","BELOW THE LINE","ONE-TIME ONLY DEDUCTION"]}
{"title":"ABANDONMENT","definition":"the voluntary relinquishment of all rights, title, or claim to property that rightfully belongs to the owner of the property. Stocks, bonds or mutual funds held in a brokerage account where the owner can’t be located or contacted is an example of abandonment. The laws of escheat may cause the property to be taken control by the state.","related":["ABANDONMENT CLAUSE","NOTICE OF ABANDONMENT","ABANDONMENT VALUE","MALICIOUS ABANDONMENT","ABANDONMENT OF CHILD","ABANDONMENT OF TRADEMARK","VOLUNTARY ABANDONMENT","ABANDONMENT OF SPOUSE","UNCLAIMED BALANCE","PER AND POST"]}
{"title":"ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPLE","definition":"A principle in economics that those with more wealth should pay higher taxes. This balances those with a lesser income who cannot afford to pay as much.","related":["ABILITY TO PAY TAX","BENEFIT PRINCIPLE","ABILITY TO PERFORM","PRINCIPLE,","PETER PRINCIPLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","PARETO PRINCIPLE","ABILITY TO PAY","ACCELERATOR PRINCIPLE","OBJECTIVITY PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"ABRIDGED ACCOUNTS","definition":"An account that does not include detailed financial information but records the transactions of a full accounting period. Abbreviated accounts may be a definition of interest.","related":["ABBREVIATED ACCOUNTS","REAL ACCOUNTS","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTS","NET METHOD OF RECORDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS","CLASS OF ACCOUNTS","PROPRIETARY ACCOUNTS","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","RESERVE ACCOUNTS","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE LIABILITY","definition":"Liability that is determined to be against the public good or negiligent on behalf of a company or parties action. Any party that is assigned absolute liability may have to pay damages to effected parties.","related":["ABSOLUTE PRIORITY RULE","LIMITED LIABILITY","ABSOLUTE URL","ABSOLUTE LAW","INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY","ABSOLUTE TITLE","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE","ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY","ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE","NON-LIABILITY"]}
{"title":"ABSORBED OVERHEAD","definition":"Applied overhead is a definition that will be helpful here.","related":["VARIABLE MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD INCURRED","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VARIANCE","OVERAPPLIED OVERHEAD","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME VARIANCE","VARIABLE PRODUCTION OVERHEAD EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME EFFICIENCY VARIANCE","MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD","OVERHEAD RATE","OVERHEAD ABSORPTION"]}
{"title":"ABUSE","definition":"1. A misuse of anything. 2. Cruelty that causes harm to another.","related":["ABUSE OF PROCESS","CARNAL ABUSE","DRUG ABUSE","CHILD ABUSE","ABUSE OF POWER","S^EVITIA","CRUELTY","NEGLIGENCE RULE","LEGAL CRUELTY","INHUMAN TREATMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","definition":"Computing depreciation rates faster than the straight line option. The two methods are declining balance or taking the sum of the years digits as the depreciation rate. This results in a larger write off than the value. It suggests that the value is more because the longer the asset it owned it becomes less valuable. The total depreciation charge stays the same.","related":["ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITION","DECLINING BALANCE DEPRECIATION","ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (ACRS)","BONUS DEPRECIATION","UNITS-OF-OUTPUT DEPRECIATION","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION","BOOK DEPRECIATION","DEPRECIATION TO FIXED ASSETS RATIO","SPLIT DEPRECIATION","GENERAL DEPRECIATION SYSTEM (GDS)"]}
{"title":"ABANDONMENT CLAUSE","definition":"The abandonment clause gives insured parties the right to forfeit damaged property in exchange for full payment. Insurance companies take ownership of the damaged asset.","related":["ABANDONMENT","APPRAISAL CLAUSE","SUING AND LABORING CLAUSE","NOTICE OF ABANDONMENT","LOSS PAYABLE CLAUSE","NONFORFEITURE CLAUSE","ACCELERATION CLAUSE","PAIR AND SET CLAUSE","COINSURANCE CLAUSE","WORK AND MATERIALS CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE PRIORITY RULE","definition":"A legal concept indicating that if a public company DEFAULTS, shareholders are only entitled to recover their investments after creditors have been fully repaid. In most BANKRUPTCY cases shareholders receive little, if any, restitution since they are subordinate to all other claimholders. Absolute priority also extends to the broad category of creditors, where secured creditors receive payment before senior unsecured creditors, who receive payment before junior and subordinated creditors. See also SUBORDINATION.","related":["RULE ABSOLUTE","PRIORITY BANKING","PRIORITY","ABSOLUTE URL","ONE SATISFACTION RULE","ABSOLUTE LAW","ABSOLUTE SALE","ABSOLUTE TITLE","ABSOLUTE LIABILITY","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION COSTING","definition":"The pricing practice where all factors of cost are reported to aid in the absorption rate. This guarantees all costs are recovered. It is also called full absorption costing, direct costing, and marginal costing.","related":["ABSORPTION PRICING","ABSORPTION","MARGINAL COSTING","ABSORPTION RATE","ABSORPTION VARIANCE","BACKFLUSH COSTING","DIFFERENTIAL COSTING","CONTINUOUS OPERATION COSTING","THROUGHPUT COSTING","TARGET COSTING"]}
{"title":"ABUSIVE DRAW","definition":"Prematurely cashing a bond without the knowledge of the owner. While not illegal it is frowned upon.","related":["ABUSIVE TAX SHELTER","ABUSIVE DISMISSAL","OWNER’S DRAW","PROPRIETORS DRAW","ABUSIVE LANGUAGE","DOG-DRAW","DRAW","DELAYED DRAW TERM LOAN","REGISTERED BOND","CALLABLE BOND"]}
{"title":"ABBREVIATED ACCOUNTS","definition":"A simplified financial statement that a specific small firm is allowed to file. It is filed with the registrar of companies in the United Kingdom. Almost half of the active UK firms have chosen abbreviated accounts for their companies. Another term for abridged accounts.","related":["MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTS","ABRIDGED ACCOUNTS","QUALIFIED ACCOUNTS","FINAL ACCOUNTS","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","CLASS OF ACCOUNTS","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE"]}
{"title":"ABIOTIC","definition":"A non-biological element that has an affect on the ecosystem. The opposite of a naturally occurring environmental element.","related":["ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM","STRESSOR","RADIOISOTOPE","ORGANIC POLLUTION","ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY","PEEST","ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING","INFRA","HEMIPLEGIA","RADON"]}
{"title":"ABSENTEE LANDLORD","definition":"A property owner that rents or leaves their property vacant. They have not abandoned it. This individual is considered an absentee owner.","related":["ABSENTEE OWNER","LANDLORD","LANDLORD’S LIEN","DERELICT","ADVERSE POSSESSION","SEQUESTRATION","PUBLIC LAND","UNCLAIMED BALANCE","GIFT-LEASEBACK","PROPERTY OWNER"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE PRIVILEGE","definition":"A rule that protects the holder from harm that occurs from any actions or lack there of. Qualified privilege is another term for this.","related":["FRANKING PRIVILEGE","PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE","ATTACHMENT OF PRIVILEGE","PRIVILEGE WRIT OF","RULE ABSOLUTE","PRIVILEGE","ACCOUNTANT CLIENT PRIVILEGE","EXCESS OF PRIVILEGE","BREACH OF PRIVILEGE","EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION PRICING","definition":"A pricing method that includes variable cost per item and fixed costs. It guarantees a profit.","related":["ABSORPTION COSTING","GEOGRAPHIC PRICING","UNIT PRICING","PRICING","DEMAND-BACKWARD PRICING","UNIFORM DELIVERED PRICING (UDP)","TURNKEY PRICING","ODD EVEN PRICING","FULL COST PRICING","PROFIT PRICING"]}
{"title":"ABUSIVE TAX SHELTER","definition":"A backdoor way to claim illegal tax deductions.","related":["ABUSIVE DRAW","ABUSIVE DISMISSAL","TAX SHELTER","ABUSIVE LANGUAGE","FINE PRINT","STATUTORY EMPLOYEE","JUNIOR CLAIM","FULL LINE FORCING","COUNTER-CLAIM","PIGGYBACKING"]}
{"title":"ABBROCHMENT","definition":"Purchasing items in wholesale in order to sell them as retail. This prevents competitors from buying the good creating a monopoly. Abbroachment is another term for this business transaction.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Contracts I","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)"]}
{"title":"ABNORMAL RETURN","definition":"A periodic return on stocks traded in an investment portfolio should there be more or less than average returned. Also called an excess return.","related":["EXCESS RETURN","ABNORMAL VARIATION","MARKET RETURN","SPECIFIC RETURN","RISK-ADJUSTED RETURN","SALES RETURN","RISK-FREE RATE OF RETURN","RATE OF RETURN RULE","REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN","EXPECTED RETURN ON INVESTMENT (EROI)"]}
{"title":"ABSENTEE OWNER","definition":"Absentee landlord is another name for this.","related":["ABSENTEE LANDLORD","OWNER","REGISTERED OWNER","PROJECT OWNER","OWNER OF RECORD","OWNER OCCUPANT","DATA OWNER","BUSINESS OWNER","BENEFICIAL OWNER","OWNER REPUTED"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE QUOTA","definition":"A specific amount of inventory allowed into a country. This limits the amount of foreign goods allowed in a country at any one time. It also called a tariff rate quota.","related":["TARIFF RATE QUOTA","ABSOLUTE COST ADVANTAGE","QUOTA SHARE","QUOTA","SALES QUOTA","QUOTA SAMPLING","EXPORT QUOTA","ACTIVITY QUOTA","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE","DE QUOTA EITIS"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION RATE","definition":"A predetermined rate that covers all costs incurred in an accounting period. Commonly called recovery rate.","related":["ABSORPTION VARIANCE","ABSORPTION COSTING","ABSORPTION","OVERHEAD ABSORPTION","ABSORPTION PRICING","SKIN ABSORPTION","ABSORPTION ACCOUNT","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","RATE LOCK","RETROACTIVE INTEREST RATE INCREASE"]}
{"title":"ABX INDEX","definition":"An index used to derive the value of a mortgages subprime. A credit default to exchange is used to help those with weak credit. It has four series each containing 20 bonds. This tells the institution if the market is improving. It allows a measure of prediction to prevent loss. A similar term for his is called an Asset-Backed Securities index.","related":["EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND FAR EAST INDEX (EAFE INDEX)","MSCI-EAFE INDEX","MARKET-VALUE WEIGHTED INDEX","BROAD-BASED INDEX","STOCK INDEX OPTION","EQUITY INDEX SWAP","BRAND POTENTIAL INDEX (BPI)","INDEX FUND","CASS FREIGHT INDEX","PRICE WEIGHTED INDEX"]}
{"title":"ABC AGREEMENT","definition":"When an employee and brokerage firm do business this is the resulting contract. It is done in the form of an outline that lists the rights of the firm. This agreement is applied when an employee opts into the New York Stock Exchange.","related":["BUTTONWOOD AGREEMENT","STANDBY AGREEMENT","STANDSTILL AGREEMENT","TRADING PARTNER AGREEMENT (TPA)","BUY-SELL AGREEMENT","STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT","PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT","BASIC ORDERING AGREEMENT","COLLAR AGREEMENT","VERBAL AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"ABNORMAL VARIATION","definition":"An error in the system or theft that can cause significant reduction in a company’s inventory. The loss exceeds the normal allowable level.","related":["ABNORMAL RETURN","VARIATION","STRUCTURAL VARIATION","SEASONAL VARIATION","RANDOM VARIATION","NON-RANDOM VARIATION","VARIATION MARGIN","CYCLIC VARIATION","COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION","VARIATION OF TRUST"]}
{"title":"ABSENTEEISM","definition":"This occurs when an employee consistently is absent from work. Seldom does this individual have a valid reason. However, if valid reasons are given the absence does not qualify as such. Attendance management is the system that monitors this occurrence.","related":["LIEN ON EMPLOYMENT","EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT","FURLOUGH","CALL-BACK PAY","WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT","RIGHT TO ASSIGN WORK","MANAGEMENT BY FACT","EXPECTED VALUE","GOOD CONSIDERATION","LAYOFF"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE SALE","definition":"When an agreed payment is made the property is considered transferred from the seller to the buyer. This payment has no stipulations in this simple transaction.","related":["TERMS OF SALE","SALE ON CREDIT","ABSOLUTE OR CONDITIONAL CONVEYANCE","FEE SIMPLE ABSOLUTE IN POSSESSION","ABSOLUTE INTEREST","ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER AT POINT-OF-SALE (EFT-POS)","POINT OF SALE METHOD","CONTRACT FOR SALE OF LAND","CASH SALE"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION VARIANCE","definition":"Acceptable variance incurred by manufactured goods from the budgeted absorption rate.","related":["ABSORPTION","ABSORPTION COSTING","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME CAPACITY VARIANCE","ABSORPTION RATE","VARIANCE ANALYSIS","EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","LABOR IDLE TIME VARIANCE","LABOR RATE (PRICE) VARIANCE","MATERIALS QUANTITY VARIANCE (MQV)","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME EFFICIENCY VARIANCE"]}
{"title":"ABILITY TO PAY TAX","definition":"Refer to the definition of pay principle for clarification.","related":["ABILITY","ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPLE","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY TO PAY","ABILITY TO SUPPORT","WETTING ABILITY","ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","ABILITY TO REPAY","ABILITY TO PERFORM","ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL"]}
{"title":"ABRIDGMENT","definition":"A brief written work that manages to keep the meaning and essence of the original version. This term is also spelled as abridgement. Other terms that might help are abstract, digest, outline, pr","related":["ABRIDGMENT OF DAMAGES","ABSTRACT","MEMORANDUM (MEMO)","SPECIFIC CHEMICAL IDENTITY","INFORTIATUM","KNOCK OFF","DATE","EXPRESS CONTRACT","RATIONAL INTERPRETATION","TESTIMONIAL"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE PERFORMANCE STANDARD","definition":"This is a theory used in quality control that is not achievable in reality. It is used to measure progress towards efficiency.","related":["PERFORMANCE STANDARD","COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP)","KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI)","MATERIAL QUALITY STANDARD","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE","PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY","PERFORMANCE AUDIT","OPERATING PERFORMANCE RATIO","POLLUTANT STANDARD INDEX (PSI)","STANDARD OF LIVING"]}
{"title":"ABSORBENT","definition":"Material that extracts a fluid (gas or liquid) from a medium or surface on contact, and changes physically or chemically during the process.","related":["Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ABUSE OF POWER","definition":"The basic abuse of power that can occur when they become too manipulative with those around them and the trust given to them.","related":["ABUSE OF PROCESS","BENEFICIAL POWER","POWER COUPLED WITH AN INTEREST","ENABLING POWER","BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS","ABUSE","POWER OF APPOINTMENT","DRUG ABUSE","CARNAL ABUSE","CHILD ABUSE"]}
{"title":"ABANDONMENT VALUE","definition":"The amount earned if an investment is discontinued. The general rule for this situation is that if the amount received for scrap or salvage is more than the net present value (NPV) the project is abandoned.","related":["ABANDONMENT","ABANDONMENT OF CHILD","ABANDONMENT OF TRADEMARK","ABANDONMENT OF SPOUSE","VOLUNTARY ABANDONMENT","MALICIOUS ABANDONMENT","NOTICE OF ABANDONMENT","ABANDONMENT CLAUSE","CONSORTSHIP","PRESENT VALUE (PV)"]}
{"title":"ABILITY TO PERFORM","definition":"Ability to perform ensures that both parties in a transaction have the financial capacity to complete a transaction. Companies and individuals with higher credit ratings have a higher ability to perform.","related":["WILLINGNESS TO PERFORM","ABILITY TO PAY","ABILITY","PEER PERFORM","PERFORM","ABILITY TO REPAY","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","ABILITY TO SUPPORT","WETTING ABILITY"]}
{"title":"ABROAD","definition":"A geographical land considered foreign to the current location of a person or object. This term can apply to overseas and continental differences.","related":["DE EJECTIONE FIRM2E","JUS","OBJECT, v","CONTINENTAL","GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)","OFFSHORE HAVEN","APPLY","LOCATION","LOCALIZATION","AMERICAN BREAKFAST"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE PHYSICAL LIFE","definition":"The end of a life time of a physical object. It occurs when the value becomes zero or it becomes obsolete. This is used in the measurement of risk in asset acquirement.","related":["PHYSICAL LIFE","PHYSICAL CUSTODY","EXCHANGE FOR PHYSICAL (EFP)","LEGAL LIFE","ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY","CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL HAZARDOUS-WASTE TREATMENT","ABSOLUTE PRIVILEGE","PHYSICAL DISABILITY","PHYSICAL HAZARD","PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION","definition":"1. Accounting: When related accounts are absorbed into each other. Called an absorption account. 2. Economics: Total amount spent by a country on goods and services. Account deficits or surplus occurs when the GDP goes above or below the absorption level. 3. Management: A overhaul of a companies operations and structure. 4. Materials: This occurs when a fluid is absorbed by another material. Refer to absorption. 5. Securities: This occurs when an underwriter sells their securities. This is also called assimilation.","related":["ABSORPTION COSTING","ABSORPTION ACCOUNT","ABSORPTION VARIANCE","ABSORPTION RATE","OVERHEAD ABSORPTION","SKIN ABSORPTION","ABSORPTION PRICING","SABIN","BROKER DEALER","ADVANCE OPTION"]}
{"title":"ABUSE OF PROCESS","definition":"Legal action that is regarded by the courts as misuse or even abuse of the legal process.","related":["ABUSE","ABUSE OF POWER","UNIFORMITY OF PROCESS ACT","CARNAL ABUSE","DRUG ABUSE","CHILD ABUSE","VOID PROCESS","DUE PROCESS OF LAW","PROCESS COSTING","PROCESS MAPPING"]}
{"title":"ABATEMENT","definition":"1. Commerce: a reduction in the amount of a bill due to factors such as demurrage, overtime penalty, or rent. 2. Environment: to reduce or eliminate polluting or hazardous substances. This is done by removing them or considering a new plan of more efficient waste management. 3. Legal: A court decision that is suspended, or simply closing the case before the final decision is reached. 4. Taxation: A rebate given under special circumstances such as in aftermath of natural disasters.","related":["PLEA IN ABATEMENT","TAX ABATEMENT","ABATEMENT OF BEQUEST","ABATEMENT COST","ASBESTOS ABATEMENT","OUSTER BY ABATEMENT","NUISANCE ABATEMENT OF","ABATEMENT OF ACTION","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT","RESORT,"]}
{"title":"ABILITY TO REPAY","definition":"An individuals ability to repay a debt. This term also extends to borrowing institutions. This is a key factor used in the lending decision.","related":["ABILITY TO PAY","ABILITY TO PERFORM","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","ABILITY","WETTING ABILITY","ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL","ABILITY TO PAY TAX","ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPLE","ABILITY TO SUPPORT"]}
{"title":"ABROGATE","definition":"1. To nullify an contract by means of mutual agreement. 2. To officially abolish a law.","related":["PAROL AGREEMENTS","BARGAIN","CLOSED CONTRACT","ACCEPTANCE","MUTUAL MISTAKE","UNCONSCIONABILITY","UNCONSCIONABILITY DOCTRINE","STANDSTILL AGREEMENT","RECIPROCAL CONTRACT","CONVENTIO IN NNNM"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE PRESSURE","definition":"The sum both the barometric and gauge pressure which is equivalent to 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level.","related":["PRESSURE","ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE","STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (STP)","PRESSURE HEAD","NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP)","PRESSURE TREATED LUMBER","PRESSURE GROUP","TECHNICAL ATMOSPHERE","MARGIN PRESSURE","VAPOR PRESSURE"]}
{"title":"ABSORPTION ACCOUNT","definition":"1. In the process of creating a financial statement a ledger account is absorbed into another. 2. The account where overhead is listed against the volume of production.","related":["ABSORPTION","MANUFACTURING ACCOUNT","OVERHEAD ABSORPTION","RECONCILIATION ACCOUNT","SUMMARY ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT STATEMENT","ABSORPTION VARIANCE","ABSORPTION RATE","ABSORPTION PRICING","ABSORPTION COSTING"]}
{"title":"ABUSIVE DISMISSAL","definition":"The firing of an employee that while done legally is considered to be unnecessarily. It is illegal in many countries and is also called unfair dismissal or wrongful dismissal.","related":["CONSTRUCTIVE DISMISSAL","ABUSIVE TAX SHELTER","ABUSIVE DRAW","DISMISSAL WITHOUT PREJUDICE","JUDGMENT OF DISMISSAL","UNFAIR DISMISSAL","DISMISSAL","DISMISSAL AGREED","ABUSIVE LANGUAGE","DISMISSAL COMPENSATION"]}
{"title":"ABATEMENT COST","definition":"A cost that occurs because a company creates a negative byproduct. This byproduct must be removed or the effect must be reduced.","related":["NUISANCE ABATEMENT OF","ASBESTOS ABATEMENT","ABATEMENT","TAX ABATEMENT","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT","ABATEMENT OF ACTION","ABATEMENT OF BEQUEST","OUSTER BY ABATEMENT","PLEA IN ABATEMENT","REMOVAL COST"]}
{"title":"ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","definition":"A progressive tax theory that suggests the tax should be based on ability to pay.","related":["ABILITY TO PERFORM","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY","WETTING ABILITY","ABILITY TO REPAY","ABILITY TO PAY","ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL","TAXATION","ABILITY TO PAY TAX","TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION"]}
{"title":"ABSCISSA","definition":"On a graph or chart this is the horizontal (X) axis.","related":["ORDINATE","GRAPH","BAR CHART","SEVEN TOOLS OF QUALITY","POINT AND FIGURE (P\u0026F) CHART","GANTT CHART","HISTOGRAM","TREAD-MILL, or TREAD-WHEEL,","DEMAND CURVE","CENTERLINE"]}
{"title":"ABOVE THE LINE","definition":"1. Accounting: a record used to characterize income and expenses required to run a business that affect the profit, but not the capital, of the given company. 2. Advertising: exposure through the mediums of press, radio, and television. A commission is earned for the advertising agency who handles the details of the ads for their client. This is also called below the line expense.","related":["BELOW THE LINE","BANK LINE","GUIDANCE LINE","SYMMETRICAL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (SDSL)","ADVISED LINE","PHASE ALTERNATE LINE (PAL)","LINE","BOTTOM LINE","LINE ART","LINE GRAPH"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY","definition":"This occurs when a number of trials collected during the same time period. The data is organized by frequency.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ABSORBED COST","definition":"The companies costs associated with manufacturing operations such as insurance and taxes. These expenses are listed in a separate account.","related":["ABSORBED COSTS","ABSORBED ACCOUNT","LOW-COST COUNTRY SOURCING (LCCS)","ABSORBED BUSINESS","ABSORBED DOSE","ABSORBED OVERHEAD","LEASEHOLD COST","REMOVAL COST","SETTLEMENT COST","VARIABLE COST RATIO"]}
{"title":"ABSTRACT OF TRUST","definition":"A brief version of a trust that leaves out the beneficiaries identity and other specific information included.","related":["EXECUTED TRUST","TRUST FOR SALE","DERIVATIVE TRUST","ABSTRACT","TRUST AGREEMENT","TRUST EXPRESS ACTIVE","ABSTRACT OF TITLE","ABSTRACT OF RECORD","EMPLOYEE TRUST","ABSTRACT AND EPITOME OF TITLE"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (ACRS)","definition":"When depreciation occurs faster than expected the US tax allows for it. Assets are divided into classes and the method of depreciation is listed. It is meant to encourage investment. Another term for this is modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS).","related":["MODIFIED ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (MACRS)","ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITION","ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","RENTAL PROPERTY","ACCELERATED BOOKBUILD","ASSET RECOVERY","ENERGY RECOVERY","MATERIAL RECOVERY","RECOVERY PERIOD","BUSINESS RECOVERY RISK"]}
{"title":"ABILITY","definition":"1. Human Resource Management: A natural capacity of an individual to complete the task at hand. Refer to the definition of aptitude. 2. Law: The ability to agree and act upon a legal obligation.","related":["ABILITY TO PERFORM","ABILITY TO PAY TAX","ABILITY TO PAY","NON-ABILITY","ABILITY TO SUPPORT","ABILITY-TO-PAY TAXATION","ABILITY TO REPAY","WETTING ABILITY","ABILITY TO STAND TRIAL","PHYSICAL AND MOTOR ABILITY TESTS"]}
{"title":"ACCREDITED PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING SPECIALIST","definition":"An agent who helps clients manage a portfolio. They must be certified by the CFPB.","related":["PERSONAL FINANCIAL SPECIALIST","FINANCIAL PLANNING","ACCREDITED","PERSONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT","SPECIALIST","ACCREDITED ADVISOR IN INSURANCE","CERTIFIED ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SPECIALIST (CAMS)","CONTRACT WITH SPECIALIST","ACCREDITED INVESTOR","PORTFOLIO PLANNING MATRIX"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED BENEFITS","definition":"The total pension on a date whether or not its available to the employee. They are regulated based on the rules of the pension plan, service date, and salary.","related":["ACCRUED FUTURE SERVICE BENEFIT","EMPLOYEE BENEFITS","ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY","OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS (OPEB)","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ACCRUED DEPRECIATION","ACCRUED TAX","ACCRUED RIGHT","ACCRUED LIABILITY","ACCRUED INTEREST"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATED VALUE","definition":"The amount invested plus the earned interst rate.","related":["ACCUMULATED PROFIT","ACCUMULATED BENEFIT OBLIGATION (ABO)","ACCUMULATED DIVIDEND","ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX","ACCUMULATED FUND","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION","ACCUMULATED SURPLUS","ACCUMULATED PROFITS TAX","TOTAL RETURN","PRESENT VALUE (PV) OF A FUTURE AMOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACID DEPOSITION","definition":"The chemical combination that causes sulfur dioxide and nitorgen oxides to make an acidic compound. They are deposited in the ground as rain, snow, fog, or dust.","related":["ACID RAIN","ACID","DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)","ACID QUALITIES","ACID TEST RATIO","DEPOSITION","DEPOSITION PRE-TRIAL","ORAL DEPOSITION","ATMOSPHERE","CATALYST"]}
{"title":"ACQUIRING BANK","definition":"A bank that processes card sales transfering the money to the merchants account.","related":["ACQUIRING PROCESSOR","BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","BANK CARD","BANK IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (BIN)","CENTRAL BANK","BANK-BOOK","BANK-ACCOUNT","EXPORT IMPORT BANK (EXIM BANK)","BANK","EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)"]}
{"title":"ACQUITTANCE","definition":"The final premium payment and discharge of a fully paid loan documented by a receipt from the mortgagee.","related":["MINIMUM DOWN PAYMENT","FULLY PAID POLICY","JUNIOR CLAIM","BONUS","RECORD MANAGEMENT","AMORTIZED LOAN","PAID-UP POLICY","PRICE LEVEL ADJUSTED MORTGAGE (PLAM)","N VOUCHER","BALLOON NOTE"]}
{"title":"ACTION LEVEL","definition":"The amount of exposure to a poison. The employer must take precautions. The level must be one half permissable exposure limits.","related":["NO OBSERVABLE ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)","FRANK-EFFECT LEVEL (FEL)","MAINTENANCE LEVEL","READING GRADE LEVEL (RGL)","POVERTY LEVEL","SUPPORT LEVEL","RESISTANCE LEVEL","LEVEL SCHEDULING","ACCESS LEVEL","SERVICE LEVEL"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE INGREDIENTS","definition":"Chemical components that help an product to perform its function. This is the opposite of inactive ingredients.","related":["ACTIVE NEGLIGENCE","ACTIVE","ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","ACTIVE FILE","ACTIVE MEASURE","ACTIVE ACCOUNT","ACTIVE RECORD","NON-ACTIVE COMPANY","TRUST ACTIVE","ACTIVE PARTNER"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","definition":"Evaluating and identifying an activity and its operatinal impact. It tells what is being done, people needed, time, resources, data, and the value exerted on the organization.Refer to job analysis, performance analysis, and task analysis.","related":["ACTIVITY VALUE ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY ACCOUNTING","CAPACITY ANALYSIS","NON VALUE ADDED ACTIVITY","SUSTAINING ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY","SITUATION ANALYSIS","VALUE ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","MARGINAL ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY REPORT","definition":"A summary for each salesperson used by management to monitor activities and performance. It has in it the customers helped, demonstrations, and new accounts.","related":["ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","ACTIVITY CENTER","BUSINESS ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY MODEL","ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","ACTIVITY STATUS","ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS RULES","ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL PRODUCT","definition":"The physical parts of a product like brand name, design, features, quality, and style.","related":["Privacy Policy","Patent Law","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Torts (Selmi)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Trademark Law","Torts (Prosser, Wade, and Schwartz’s, 12 Ed)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Law Torts","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIAL PRICING","definition":"In INSURANCE, the pricing of RISK based on probabilities of loss occurrence constructed from statistical distributions. Actuarial pricing is used to develop PREMIUMS that are intended to cover losses from underwritten risks and provide future benefits payable to beneficiaries. See also ACTUARIAL EQUIVALENT.","related":["ACTUARIAL EQUIVALENT","ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY","UNFUNDED ACTUARIAL LIABILITY","UNFUNDED SUPPLEMENTAL ACTUARIAL VALUE","ACTUARIAL AGE","ACTUARIAL GAIN OR LOSS","ACTUARIAL COST METHOD","DIFFERENTIAL PRICING","ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY (APT)","CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)"]}
{"title":"ADAM SMITH","definition":"The father of economic theory. He has written severla books on markets and economics.","related":["SMITH ACT","CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS","MICROECONOMICS","FRACTAL MARKET HYPOTHESIS (FMH)","NORMATIVE ECONOMICS","ENDOGENOUS GROWTH THEORY","CHAOTIC SYSTEM","WEALTH OF NATIONS","CLASSICAL ECONOMICS","NEW CLASSICAL ECONOMICS"]}
{"title":"ABEYANCE","definition":"The status of real estate ownership when no clear owner is present and must be determined.","related":["ABEYANCE IN","TENANCY BY THE ENTIRETY","BUNDLE-OF-RIGHTS THEORY","QUALIFIED EXCHANGE ACCOMMODATION ARRANGEMENTS","BETTERMENT ACTS","PENDING HOME SALES INDEX (PHSI)","CONVEY","REAL ESTATE AGENT","SEISED IN DEMESNE AS OF FEE","SEISE"]}
{"title":"ACQUIRED NEEDS THEORY","definition":"David McClelland’s thoery that life experiences change needs over time. The three groups are achievement, affiliation, and power. Each person identifies with one of these needs based on past experiences.","related":["EXPECTANCY THEORY","ACQUIRED RIGHTS","ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION THEORY","MOSAIC THEORY","THEORY OF ADAPTIVE EXPECTATIONS","AFTER-ACQUIRED","AFTER-ACQUIRED CLAUSE","ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE","ACQUIRED ADVANTAGE","AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION PROGRAM BASELINE","definition":"A contract identifying milestones of a particular endeavor looking at benefits, costs, performance parameters, and the time line.","related":["BASELINE","ACQUISITION FEE","BASELINE DESCRIPTION","BASELINE SCHEDULE","CONTRACT PRICE BASELINE","CONTRACT BUDGET BASELINE","GROUP INCENTIVE PROGRAM","PROGRAM EVALUATION","DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS (DAC)","TOTAL ACQUISITION COST (TAC)"]}
{"title":"ACTION DEVICE","definition":"Market ploy that uses reader interest to make them perform an action.","related":["ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","PERSONAL ACTION","DEVICE","CAUSE OF ACTION","RESPONSE DEVICE","DEVICE INDEPENDENCE","DEVICE DRIVER","DEVICE DEPENDENCE","ANTITHEFT DEVICE","TRAINING DEVICE"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","definition":"A customer who has visited a firm or used its products in the year. They will buy again likely.","related":["BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS","BAILEE’S CUSTOMERS INSURANCE","ACTIVE PARTNER","ACTIVE INVESTOR","ACTIVE INVENTORY","ACTIVE","ACTIVE RECORD","ACTIVE INGREDIENTS","ACTIVE ATTACK","ACTIVE CONCEALMENT"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITIES, INTERESTS, OPINIONS (AIO)","definition":"The individuals lifestyle choices used to make a market profile. When added with demographic information buying behavior is determined. AKA attitudes, interests, and opinions. Refer to values adn life styles.","related":["POOLING OF INTERESTS","BEST INTERESTS","CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES","ACTIVITIES BASE SYSTEM","FINANCING ACTIVITIES","BILL OF ACTIVITIES (BOA)","NON-CORE ACTIVITIES","OPERATING ACTIVITIES","PARALLEL ACTIVITIES","SECONDARY ACTIVITIES"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY MODEL","definition":"The path activities travel including intersections, resources, inputs, outputs, and controls. Improvements can be made if something is noticed on this chart.","related":["ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ACTIVITY CENTER","NON VALUE ADDED ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY REPORT","BUSINESS ACTIVITY","TO BE MODEL","ACTIVITY STATUS","ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL LOSS","definition":"Loss in a transaction due to inflation, costs, and scrap value of an object. Refer to actual total loss.","related":["ACTUAL TOTAL LOSS (ATL)","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","TOTAL LOSS","ACTUAL","REALIZED PROFIT/LOSS","ACTUAL COST OF WORK PERFORMED (ACWP)","DAMAGES ACTUAL","ACTUAL DAMAGES","CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS","ACTUAL POSSESSION"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIAL COST METHOD","definition":"An accountint method to calculate value of future benefits, fund adminstration expenses, and assigns costs to the periods that can handle it.","related":["ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY","PRIME COST METHOD","STAND-ALONE COST METHOD","REPLACEMENT COST METHOD","AVERAGE COST (AVCO) METHOD","PAYBACK PERIOD METHOD","ACTUARIAL PRICING","CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD","SINGLE PREMIUM FUNDING METHOD","AFFORDABLE METHOD"]}
{"title":"AD SERVER","definition":"A computer system that has ads on it and maintains them for websites. They track and report statistics to help identify possible customers.","related":["APPLICATION SERVER","CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE","SERVER","WEB SERVER","LIST SERVER","FILE SERVER","MERCHANT SERVER","SECURE SERVER","PRINTER SERVER","COMMERCE SERVER"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)","definition":"This is the maximum amount of any material that a person can be exposed to over their lifetime without being harmed. The ADI is measured in milligrams of the substance, per kilogram of body weight of the exposed person, per day (mg/kg/day). Refer to the definition to reference dose.","related":["ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI) NOT SPECIFIED","CONDITIONAL ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE","LOWEST ACCEPTABLE DAILY DOSE","ABSORBED DOSE","ACCEPTABLE RISK","LETHAL DOSE 50 (LD50)","ORDER INTAKE","DAILY AVERAGE REVENUE TRADES (DARTS)","COMMERCIALLY ACCEPTABLE","ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE OF OFFICE BY TRUSTEE","definition":"An agreement that a client has with their defender. If they do not show up they will be deemed negligent.","related":["TRUSTEE-TO-TRUSTEE TRANSFER","ACCEPTANCE","PROBABILITY OF ACCEPTANCE","OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE","ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","TRUSTEE","ACCEPTANCE FEE","NON-ACCEPTANCE","TACIT ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCESS POINT","definition":"A code given to access archives and database information.","related":["SYSTEM ACCESS","LIGHTWEIGHT DIRECTORY ACCESS PROTOCOL (LDAP)","ACCESS","REMOTE ACCESS","ACCESS CONTROL LIST","DENIAL-OF-ACCESS COVER","RANDOM ACCESS","ACCESS RIGHTS","ACCESS EASEMENT","ACCESS LEVEL"]}
{"title":"ACCESSORY BEFORE THE FACT","definition":"A party who ordered a crime to be committed but did not do it.","related":["ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT","ACCESSORY TO A CRIME","ACCESSORY","PRINCIPAL AND ACCESSORY","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","ALLEGATION OF FACT","MISTAKE OF FACT","IN FACT","FACT","MINOR FACT"]}
{"title":"ACCOMMODATION BILL","definition":"A bill signed by a third party who is the guarantor for no additional fee. It is discounted based on the guarantor’s financial stability. AKA accomodation note, accomodation paper, and in the UK windbill.","related":["ACCOMMODATION PAPER","BILL IN NATURE OF A BILL OF REVIVOR","ACCOMMODATION PARTY","ACCOMMODATION NOTE","BILL IN NATURE OF A BILL OF REVIEW","BANK BILL","ACCOMMODATION","ACCOMMODATION LOAN","ACCOMMODATION LINE","CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT BALANCE","definition":"The balance of an asset or liability during a specific period of time.","related":["NORMAL ACCOUNT BALANCE","BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT","ZERO BALANCE ACCOUNT","OFF BALANCE SHEET FINANCING (OBSF)","DECLINING BALANCE DEPRECIATION","OPENING BALANCE","LEDGER ACCOUNT","OFF-BALANCE SHEET ASSET","REDUCING BALANCE","BALANCE CARRIED FORWARD"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT SETTLEMENT","definition":"A firm’s summary operations over time. Key elements and measurements are in it so make the financial picture clearer.","related":["RECONCILIATION ACCOUNT","SETTLEMENT RATE","CLEARING ACCOUNT","SETTLEMENT OPTION","SETTLEMENT DATE","PHYSICAL SETTLEMENT","CASH SETTLEMENT","FINANCIAL SETTLEMENT","ACCOUNT ANALYSIS","ACCOUNT STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTANT’S LIEN","definition":"When an owed party can take property to settle debt.","related":["LIEN","ACCOUNTANT","GENERAL LIEN","PARTICULAR LIEN","JUDGMENT LIEN","ACCOUNTANT’S LIABILITY","ACCOUNTANT’S RESPONSIBILITY","ACCOUNTANT IN CHARGE","THE ACCOUNTANT’S MAGAZINE","CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING ENTITY","definition":"A unit in economics that engages in activities, controls resources, and is not part of the company. AKA reporting entity.","related":["ENTITY THEORY","SPECIALPURPOSE ENTITY (SPE)","ENTITY","ENTITY CONCEPT","CONSOLIDATED ENTITY","ENTITY LEVEL CONTROLS","BUSINESS ENTITY CONCEPT","LEGAL ENTITY","GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (GASB)","ACCOUNTING"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","definition":"When accrual statements are used to predict profits. Or the ratio of earnings before interest and taxes. It is a percentage of capital employed in the accounting period. AKA book value method, financial statement method, and simple rate of return.","related":["RATE OF RETURN RULE","RISK-FREE RATE OF RETURN","REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN","AVERAGE RATE OF RETURN","RATE OF RETURN","TERMINAL RATE OF RETURN","TIME-ADJUSTED RATE OF RETURN","EFFECTIVE RATE OF RETURN","NORMAL RATE OF RETURN","NOMINAL RATE OF RETURN"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS","definition":"Records of financial transactions kept by a place of business. It is used to show the position and has two sheets. The balance sheet and the income sheet help attract investors to this incorporated firm. It is required by law to do a true and fair view of","related":["ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P)","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTS","REAL ACCOUNTS","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","ABRIDGED ACCOUNTS","PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ABBREVIATED ACCOUNTS","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","PROPRIETARY ACCOUNTS","FINANCIAL STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCREDITED INVESTOR","definition":"Under the US SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Regulation D, a wealthy investor with a minimum net worth of $1 million or annual income of more than $200,000 that is permitted to invest in high RISK investments that are normally intended only for sophisticated investors that can withstand large economic losses.","related":["GREEN INVESTOR","SOPHISTICATED INVESTOR","STRATEGIC INVESTOR","LEAD INVESTOR","REAL ESTATE INVESTOR","ACCREDITED","ACCREDITED PARTY","ACCREDITED ADVISOR IN INSURANCE","ACCREDITED PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING SPECIALIST","ACTIVE INVESTOR"]}
{"title":"ACCRUAL PRINCIPLE","definition":"A concept that represents the time between sales and purchases as well as collection of payment. It is the actual performance of a business.AKA accural concept. Refer to accounting concepts.","related":["CONSISTENCY PRINCIPLE","MATCHING PRINCIPLE","ACCRUAL BASIS","ACCRUAL BASIS ACCOUNTING","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","NON-ACCRUAL LOAN","ACCELERATION PRINCIPLE","MODIFIED ACCRUAL BASIS ACCOUNTING","GOING-CONCERN PRINCIPLE","PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATED FUND","definition":"A fund for a nonprofit. Extra income over expenses are added to the fund and payments taken out.","related":["ACCUMULATED SURPLUS","ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX","CAPPED FUND","CLEANUP FUND","CONTINGENCY FUND","CLONE FUND","ACCUMULATED VALUE","CONTINGENT FUND","ACCUMULATED DIVIDEND","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION"]}
{"title":"ACHIEVEMENT TEST","definition":"An appraisal performance test that accesses a trainee and their skill level.","related":["ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED LEADERSHIP","ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION THEORY","BETA TEST","TURING TEST","TEST FIDELITY","LITERACY TEST","COMPLIANCE TEST","TEST SEQUENCE","READERSHIP TEST","QUALIFICATION TEST"]}
{"title":"ACQUIRED SURPLUS","definition":"Uncapitalized worth of a company pooling interest.","related":["GOVERNMENT SURPLUS","NEWLY ACQUIRED BUSINESS","AFTER-ACQUIRED","SURPLUS NOTES","SURPLUS REINSURANCE","ACCUMULATED SURPLUS","ACQUIRED NEEDS THEORY","AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY","ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE","ACQUIRED ADVANTAGE"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION (ADC) LOAN","definition":"Moneys obtained after a developer finds clients who will commit to leasing, that enable the company to obtain real estate and totally develop that piece of property with all necessary amenities. This is known as an ADC loan.","related":["ACQUISITION LOAN","CONSTRUCTION LOAN","CONSTRUCTION LENDER","PRIMING LOAN","ACQUISITION","BACK-TO-BACK LOAN","TAKE-AWAY ACQUISITION","ACCRETIVE ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION CHARGE","ASSET-BASED LOAN"]}
{"title":"ACTION EX CONTRACTU","definition":"A legal action as a result of a contractual breach of duty.","related":["ACTIO EX CONTRACTU","EX CONTRACTU","EX QUASI CONTRACTU","ACTION EX DELICTO","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","RIGHT OF ACTION","CAUSE OF ACTION","CLASS ACTION","PETITORY ACTION","QUI TAM ACTION"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE FILE","definition":"Digital or manual files actively used by an organization to operate on a daily basis.","related":["ACTIVE PARTNER","ACTIVE INVESTOR","NON-ACTIVE COMPANY","ACTIVE CORPS OF EXECUTIVES (ACE)","ON FILE","ACTIVE","ACTIVE INCOME","ACTIVE MEASURE","ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","ACTIVE NEGLIGENCE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT PARTY","definition":"A party who wants a letter of credit to help another party. A finance company is called the applicant and the importer the account party. AKA accountee or applicant.","related":["ACCREDITED PARTY","NOTIFY PARTY","THIRD PARTY ENHANCEMENT","THIRD PARTY LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","CONTRA ACCOUNT","TRUST ACCOUNT","MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT (MMA)","ACCOUNT HOLDER","ACCOMMODATION PARTY","ADVERSE PARTY"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTANT IN CHARGE","definition":"The person who oversees the accounting audit.","related":["ACCOUNTANT","PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT","THE ACCOUNTANT’S MAGAZINE","CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT","ACCOUNTANT’S RESPONSIBILITY","ACCOUNTANT’S LIEN","ACCOUNTANT’S LIABILITY","ACCOUNTANT CLIENT PRIVILEGE","CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT","CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT (CMA)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CUSHION","definition":"When liability is overreported to protect against windfall later. It creates a soft landing if the actual loss is more than was expected.","related":["RESIDUAL CUSHION","CUSHION BOND","ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM","ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING CONTROLS","FIXED ACCOUNTING","HEDGE ACCOUNTING","BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING PRACTICE","definition":"The daily use of policy in an organization.","related":["GENERALLY RECOGNIZED ACCOUNTING PRACTICE (GRAP)","UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICE","ACTIVITY ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CONTROLS","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING","ACADEMY OF ACCOUNTING HISTORIANS","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (ASB)","PRACTICE","IN PRACTICE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","definition":"A manual for computer methods of accounting. This creates the documents needed to make a timely decision.","related":["ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS)","SUPPLY SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING RESEARCH BULLETIN (ARB)","SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (SSAP)","ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE","CASH BASIS ACCOUNTING","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE INSURANCE","definition":"Extending a fire insurance to cover owed sums that are uncollected due to record loss.","related":["ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","BOOK VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER"]}
{"title":"ACCRUAL BOND","definition":"(1) A TRANCHE of a COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATION that pays no COUPON interest or PRINCIPAL until all other tranches have been redeemed; this protects investors holding other tranches from PREPAYMENTS. The accrual bond is similar to a zero coupon bond but carries an explicit coupon rate and may ultimately pay both principal and coupons prior to final maturity. (2) A ZERO COUPON BOND. (1) Also known as ZBOND.ACCRUAL NOTE See RANGE FLOATER NOTE.","related":["DUAL CURRENCY BOND","BOND VALUE","PUT BOND","BUNNY BOND","FIXED-RATE BOND","FLOATING RATE NOTE (FRN)","SERIES BOND","COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATION (CMO)","RANGE FLOATING RATE NOTE (FRN)","CONVERTIBLE BOND"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATED BENEFIT OBLIGATION (ABO)","definition":"Estimated present value of a pension assuming retirement when a certain amount is made. It is used to estimate pension liability. Refer to projected benefit obligation.","related":["PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION (PBO)","NORMAL RETIREMENT BENEFIT","DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN","ACCUMULATED VALUE","PAST SERVICE BENEFIT","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","PRINCIPLE OF DECLINING MARGINAL BENEFIT","BENEFIT ALLOCATION METHOD","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","SYNTHETIC COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION (CDO)"]}
{"title":"AC-DC OPTION","definition":"An option in trading that can be called upon at a later date if the owner so chooses. This is also called a hermaphrodite option.","related":["OPTION","FORWARD START OPTION","EUROPEAN OPTION","COMPLEX CHOOSER OPTION","ZERO COST OPTION","CLIQUET OPTION","EXTENDIBLE OPTION","CHOOSER OPTION","STOCK INDEX OPTION","BARRIER OPTION"]}
{"title":"ACQUIRED ADVANTAGE","definition":"The advantage gained by gaining knowledge instead of depleting natural resources.","related":["NON-PRODUCT ADVANTAGE","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE","YIELD ADVANTAGE","ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE","SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE","COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE","FOLLOWER ADVANTAGE","ABSOLUTE COST ADVANTAGE","NET ADVANTAGE TO MERGING","AFTER-ACQUIRED"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION NUMBER","definition":"A code that identifis a book in a library. Refer to accession number.","related":["ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT","ACQUISITION LOAN","ACQUISITION","TAKE-AWAY ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION FEE","ACCRETIVE ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION PREMIUM","ACQUISITION FINANCING","ACQUISITION COST","ACQUISITION CHARGE"]}
{"title":"ACT OF STATE","definition":"An act exercising power or a country that cannot be overturned by the courts.","related":["STATE OF THE CASE","OUT OF THE STATE","STATE, v","STATE, n","STATE","STATE TAX","STATE LAW","STATE OF THE ART","STATE FUND","STATE TRIAL"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE BOND CROWD","definition":"New York Stock Exchange members who make many transactions.","related":["BOND CROWD","FOREIGN CROWD","AUTOMATED BOND SYSTEM (ABS)","ACTIVE","ACTIVE TRUST","ACTIVE MEASURE","ACTIVE MARKET","ACTIVE INVESTOR","ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","ACTIVE NEGLIGENCE"]}
{"title":"ACTIVEX","definition":"A microsoft software like java. Object linking code and web page data are used. It bridges the gap between programming languages. It is insecure. Refer to javabeans.","related":["Patent Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Privacy Policy","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY DRIVER","definition":"The number of times demand is needed for an object. This is the cost.","related":["ACTIVITY LEVEL","ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY CENTER","ACTIVITY VALUE ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY ATTRIBUTES","ACTIVITY COST POOL","ACTIVITY COST ASSIGNMENT","ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL EXPOSURE","definition":"The amount of CREDIT RISK exposure in a DERIVATIVE or financial transaction, typically reflected as a MARKTOMARKET valuation. If DEFAULT occurs when actual exposure is positive to the nondefaulting party, a credit loss arises; if negative, no credit loss occurs. Actual exposure is one of two components, along with FRACTIONAL EXPOSURE, in the determination of total credit exposure. Also known as ACTUAL MARKET RISK, REPLACEMENTCOST. See also POTENTIAL EXPOSURE.ACTUAL MARKET RISK See ACTUAL EXPOSURE.ACTUALS Physical commodities, such as GRAINS, SOFTS, metals, and energy, which are traded and delivered under COMMODITY DERIVATIVE contracts.","related":["FRACTIONAL EXPOSURE","AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","COMMODITY DERIVATIVE","AVERAGE EXPOSURE","TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE","TERMINAL EXPOSURE","EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT","ORIGINAL EXPOSURE METHOD","TERMINAL EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIAL AGE","definition":"The age an individual insured should live to based on calcuations. It helps with insurance pricing, forecasting, adn planning policy.","related":["ACTUARIAL PRICING","ACTUARIAL EQUIVALENT","ACTUARIAL SCIENCE","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","ACTUARIAL ADJUSTMENT","ACTUARIAL SOLVENCY","ACTUARIAL","ACTUARIAL VALUATION","ACTUARIAL COST METHOD","ACTUARIAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING"]}
{"title":"AD PAGES SOLD","definition":"The page views on an ad that a firm has sold to an advertiser. AKA the sell through rate.","related":["BOUGHT AND SOLD NOTES","PAGES PER MINUTE (PPM)","YELLOW PAGES","SOLD NOTE","ONLINE ADVERTISING MEASURES","SELL THROUGH","CLICK THROUGH RATE (CTR)","BOND RATING AGENCIES","PAGE LAYOUT PROGRAM","FORWARD"]}
{"title":"ADAPTIVE SELLING","definition":"A custom approach to selling. It is based on the customer, sales situation, and is adjusted according to feedback. It is the exact opposite of formula selling.","related":["ADAPTIVE SYSTEM","ADAPTIVE LEARNING","SELLING CONCEPT","PARTY SELLING","ADAPTIVE CONTROL METHOD","THEORY OF ADAPTIVE EXPECTATIONS","SHORT SELLING","REFERRAL SELLING","CONSULTATIVE SELLING","SELLING LONG"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATION REQUEST","definition":"A request to increase the speed of production or product delivery. Only a client or a member of management can request this. It is also called an expedition request.","related":["ACCELERATION CLAUSE","ACCELERATION PRINCIPLE","ACCELERATION","WORK REQUEST","ACCELERATION LIFE INSURANCE","INSTANCE AND REQUEST","REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI)","REQUEST FOR TECHNICAL PROPOSALS","PROCUREMENT REQUEST","REQUEST"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT STATEMENT","definition":"The summary of transactions on an account with a customer over the last period of time. AKA statement of account and bank statement.","related":["RECONCILIATION ACCOUNT","STATEMENT BALANCE","CONFIRMATION STATEMENT","BANK-ACCOUNT","STATEMENT OF SOURCES AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS","DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENT","FROZEN ACCOUNT","STATEMENT OF OWNERS’ EQUITY","ACCOUNT MANAGER","NOMINAL ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTANT’S RESPONSIBILITY","definition":"An accountants job to be careful with funds, follow rules and standards, and show a fair view of the position.","related":["THE ACCOUNTANT’S MAGAZINE","CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT (CMA)","CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY","CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA)","FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSE","OFFICIAL RESPONSIBILITY","FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LAW","RESPONSIBILITY CENTER","COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY","FINANCIAL CRISIS RESPONSIBILITY FEE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING ERROR","definition":"Error caused by neglicence or not following the GAAP. This is an error that is anything but fraud.","related":["SYSTEMIC ERROR","MEASUREMENT ERROR","SUBJECTIVE ERROR","TRUNCATION ERROR","ROUNDING ERROR","RANDOM ERROR","MARGIN OF ERROR","NON-SAMPLING ERROR","PROBABLE ERROR","COMPENSATING ERROR"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING RECORDS","definition":"All the records about a company and its assets. They are used in audits and financial reviews.","related":["ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CONTROLS","SEALING OF RECORDS","MEDICAL RECORDS RELEASE OF","REPLACEMENT COST ACCOUNTING","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES","VALUABLE PAPERS AND RECORDS COVERAGE","ACCOUNTING VALUE","GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (GASB)","MEDICAL RECORDS"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P)","definition":"Bills that must be paid. They can be suppliers, rent, salaries, and taxes. It is shown in liabilities short term in a balance sheet. This is used to show just how strong day to day business is.","related":["ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO TOTAL DEBT RATIO","DAYS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (DAYS A/P)","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TURNOVER","NET METHOD OF RECORDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS","MORTGAGE PAYABLE","PAYROLL TAXES PAYABLE"]}
{"title":"ADAPTABILITY","definition":"The way a company or entity reacts to change. It requires learning and competition.","related":["STRATEGIC INFLECTION POINT","PECUNIARY LIABILITY","FOLLOW-THE-LEADER PRICING","OFFENSIVE COMPETITIVE STRATEGY","ADVERSE EFFECT","BERTRAND COMPETITION","FUNDAMENTALS","ELECTRIC UTILITY","MARKET SHARE LIABILITY","ENTITY THEORY"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL","definition":"The allowable number of defects permitted.","related":["SIX SIGMA QUALITY","MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL","ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD","COMMERCIALLY ACCEPTABLE","ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)","ACCEPTABLE RISK","ACCEPTABLE PRICE RANGE","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI) NOT SPECIFIED","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)","CONDITIONAL ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE REGION","definition":"The decision to keep or toss out the product batch. If the batch is too damaged it will be thrown out. This is done by sampling using a variable or attribute method.","related":["REGION","PROBABILITY OF ACCEPTANCE","NON-ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FEE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE OF SHIPMENT","ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE","ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR","ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE MARKET","definition":"A short term credit used by exporters to get paid faster. This process occurs when the buyer accepts a bill and converts it into a check that must be paid before the maturation date.","related":["MARKET ACCEPTANCE","BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE THEORY OF AUTHORITY","MONEY MARKET FUND (MMF)","BLANK ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE OF GOODS","ACCEPTANCE OF A BILL OF EXCHANGE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","ADVICE OF ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCESS CONTROL LIST","definition":"The level of access assigned to employees by an administrator. Refer to the definition of access rights.","related":["ACCESS RIGHTS","ACCESS LEVEL","SYSTEM ACCESS LEVEL","DENIAL-OF-ACCESS COVER","ACCESS","REMOTE ACCESS","RANDOM ACCESS","ACCESS RATE","LIGHTWEIGHT DIRECTORY ACCESS PROTOCOL (LDAP)","ACCESS POINT"]}
{"title":"ACCESSORINESS","definition":"An obligation that occurs when event participation is required during a transaction. Refer to privity.","related":["PRIVITY","PARTICIPATION LOAN","CONSEQUENTLY","CONDITION SUBSEQUENT","SECONDARY OBLIGATION","TRANSLATION RISK","AUTHORIZATION RISK","COMMERCIAL FRUSTRATION","SECONDARY HAZARD","BILL IN NATURE OF A BILL OF REVIVOR"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENTAL MEANS","definition":"An uncontroled cause that leads to bodily injury. The injury and the incident must be accidental according to insurance policy. Refer to accident.","related":["EXTERNAL VIOLENT AND ACCIDENTAL MEANS","ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE","ACCIDENTAL DEATH CLAUSE","ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","HOMICIDE ACCIDENTAL","ACCIDENTAL DEATH","MEANS ENDS ANALYSIS (MEA)","ACCIDENTAL CAUSE","ACCIDENTAL KILLING","AVAILABLE MEANS"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT ACTIVITY","definition":"The movement of funds in an account. An account statement is the resulting document.","related":["ACCOUNT STATEMENT","TRUST ACCOUNT","ABSORPTION ACCOUNT","TRANSITORY ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT HOLD","PUBLIC UNIT ACCOUNT","MANAGED ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT HISTORY","RENDERED ACCOUNT","SETTLED ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT PAYEE ONLY","definition":"Words placed on a check making sure its paid to the correct account. This protects against fraud.","related":["PAYEE","FICTITIOUS PAYEE RULE","LOSS PAYEE","ACCOUNT HOLD","MONEY MARKET DEPOSIT ACCOUNT","REVOLVING ACCOUNT","MINOR’S ACCOUNT","PETTY CASH ACCOUNT","MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT (MMA)","FROZEN ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTANTS FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST (API)","definition":"An account who works for nonprofits and public welfare organizations.","related":["PUBLIC INTEREST","AFFECTED WITH A PUBLIC INTEREST","ACCOUNTANTS INDEX","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACCOUNTANTS (NAA)","NATIONAL SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS (NSA)","ACCOUNTANTS PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE","PUBLIC TRUST","QUASI PUBLIC CORPORATION","PUBLIC WORKS","PUBLIC UNIT ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CYCLE","definition":"The six steps of accounting transactions. Analysis, recording, posting, adjusting, preparing statements, and closing accounts that are temporary.","related":["FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING","OBLIGATION BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING RISK","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD","ACCOUNTING CONTROLS","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD"]}
{"title":"ACTUALS","definition":"A physical commodity or financial instrument. Physical items are delivered to the buyer before expiration dates. AKA cash commodity or physicals.","related":["AGAINST ACTUALS","FORWARD CONTRACT","LAST TRADING DAY","FUNGIBLE","MACAULAY DURATION","EXPIRATION FILE","UNDERLYING ASSET","FUTURES EXCHANGE","LONGTERM EQUITY ANTICIPATION SECURITY (LEAPS)","SELLING LONG"]}
{"title":"ACUTE TOXICITY","definition":"The effect a poison has in short or single exposure that leads to death.","related":["ACUTE EXPOSURE","ACUTE EFFECT","TOXICITY","AQUATIC TOXICITY","TOXICITY PROFILE","DERMAL TOXICITY","TOXICITY ASSESSMENT","ORAL TOXICITY","CHRONIC TOXICITY","TOXICITY TESTING"]}
{"title":"ADAPTIVE LEARNING","definition":"An organization learning method that focuses on the past success to develop strategy. This is used when incremental success has occured during changes. It is opposite of organizational learning.","related":["SELF-PACED LEARNING","ADAPTIVE CONTROL METHOD","GENERATIVE LEARNING","PASSIVE LEARNING","TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE","ADAPTIVE MODE","ADAPTIVE SELLING","ADAPTIVE ORGANIZATION","LEARNING PORTAL","SITUATED LEARNING"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATION","definition":"Acceleration can occur if one party breaches a contract or a term of a contract. Full payment or accelerated payment of a credit account may be required immediately.","related":["ACCELERATION CLAUSE","ACCELERATION PRINCIPLE","ACCELERATION REQUEST","ACCELERATION LIFE INSURANCE","STANDING ORDER","SETTLEMENT RISK","CLOSE-OUT NETTING","AUTHORIZED USER","ACCOUNT PARTY","BASKET SWAP"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE FEE","definition":"A commission charged by a bank for taking on the legal obligation of bill paying. The importer has no say in this matter.","related":["ACCEPTANCE CREDIT","BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCE","TRADE ACCEPTANCE","BLANK ACCEPTANCE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","ADVICE OF ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE","GENERAL ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE MARKET","ACCEPTANCE THEORY OF AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTING RISK","definition":"A risk management technique used when the risk is acceptable.","related":["ACCEPTING HOUSE","RISK AVOIDANCE","ACCEPTING BANK","RISK ANALYSIS","RISK MONITORING","RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS","RISK ASSESSMENT","RISK IDENTIFICATION","ALTERNATIVE RISK TRANSFER (ART)","RISK SHARING"]}
{"title":"ACCESSION RECORD","definition":"Records in an acrhive that are shown in order added. Other information provided is accession number, bibliographical information, and the cost to acquire. AKA accession catalog or accession file.","related":["ACCESSION NUMBER","ACCESSION","DROIT D’ACCESSION","ACCESSION RATE","POLICE RECORD","RECORD CLASSIFICATION","VITAL RECORD","RECORD MANAGEMENT","OF RECORD","RECORD CONTROL"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT YEAR STATISTICS","definition":"The record of losses due to insurance claims as well as its premiums in a year. The premiums are there to pay claims.","related":["POLICY YEAR EXPERIENCE","STATISTICS","DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS","BAYESIAN STATISTICS","VITAL STATISTICS","BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS","TRAVEL ACCIDENT INSURANCE","ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE ACT","ACCIDENT BOOK","FINANCIAL YEAR"]}
{"title":"ACCOMPLISHED BILL OF LADING (B/L)","definition":"An original copy of a bill of landing for an order that must be shipped.","related":["FOUL BILL OF LADING (B/L)","CLEAN BILL OF LADING (B/L)","FORWARDER’S BILL OF LADING (B/L)","BILL OF LADING","MULTIMODAL BILL OF LADING (B/L)","STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING (B/L)","HITCHMENT BILL OF LADING (B/L)","LADING, BILL OF","NON-NEGOTIABLE BILL OF LADING (B/L)","CONSOLIDATED BILL OF LADING (B/L)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT MANAGER","definition":"The day to day manager of a business account. They are the contact point between customer and company. They do customer support, technical support, planning, and enhancing the account. They nurture the customer business relationship.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","Torts (Selmi)","Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTABLE PLAN","definition":"A plan where employees who are given a sum of money are expected to use it for expenses and return the rest. Their taxable income is the same.","related":["KEOGH PLAN","ACCOUNTABLE","ACCOUNTABLE DOCUMENT","EMPLOYEE PROFIT SHARING PLAN (EPSP)","MEDICAL EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT PLAN","EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLAN","REGULAR STOCK OPTION PLAN","SELF ADMINISTERED TRUSTEE PLAN","NONQUALIFIED PLAN","DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CONTROLS","definition":"Procedures in an organization that protect assets, manage transactions, ensure accuracy, and monitor payments. This all ensures the validity of a companies accounting records. Refer to segregation of duties.","related":["MARKETING CONTROLS","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM","EXCHANGE CONTROLS","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING","ACADEMY OF ACCOUNTING HISTORIANS","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING","REPLACEMENT COST ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (ASB)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING NOISE","definition":"Using accounting rules to distort reports to make them appear better or worse than they acutally are. This is why both GAAP and nonGAAP are used to inform investors.","related":["FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)","GENERALLY RECOGNIZED ACCOUNTING PRACTICE (GRAP)","PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING VALUATION","ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES BOARD","ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS","COOKIE JAR ACCOUNTING","INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (IAS)","SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (SSAP)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE","definition":"Computer programs that aid in the keepign of accounting information like quickbooks.","related":["SOFTWARE","SOFTWARE CODER","ANTIMONEY LAUNDERING SOFTWARE","SYSTEMS SOFTWARE","SOFTWARE TESTER","SOFTWARE MAINTAINABILITY","SOFTWARE RELIABILITY","ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","ANTIVIRUS (AV) SOFTWARE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER","definition":"The connection between unpaid sales and total sales. It shows how effective a company is at collecting debts. The formula uses credit sales and outstanding accounts.","related":["ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TO SALES RATIO","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","FACTORING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","BOOK VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"ACCRETIVE ACQUISITION","definition":"An acquisition that will increase the companies EPS in the report period. It is because a company with a higher P/E buys a lower P/E company.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Evidence 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED LIABILITY","definition":"Any loss for the accounting period that is charged in another period.","related":["ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY","ACCRUED INCOME","ACCRUED TAX","ACCRUED REVENUE","ACCRUED EXPENSES","ACCRUED INTEREST","DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY","ACCRUED RIGHT","ACCRUED DEPRECIATION","ACCRUED COMPENSATION"]}
{"title":"ACCURACY","definition":"The lack of error in accounting. All the values are deemed correct. The range of possible error in engineering. The amount of difference between predicted performance and actual performance. The closeness an instrument measures. Refer to precision.","related":["RESIDUAL SUM OF SQUARES (RSS)","PROBABLE RESERVES","TRACKING ERROR","ACCRUAL PRINCIPLE","MEASUREMENT ERROR","KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI)","GOOD OUTPUT","ERROR OF ORIGINAL ENTRY","MEAN DEVIATION","PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD"]}
{"title":"ACMA","definition":"The organization of the chartered institute of management accountants associate. Prevalent in the UK.","related":["THE ACCOUNTANT’S MAGAZINE","ACA","ACCA","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACCOUNTANTS (NAA)","ACIS","CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT (CMA)","CHAIN OF COMMAND","CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA)","FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS","GEORGE SOROS"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION FINANCING","definition":"Funds acquired to purchase an additional business immediately usually repaid with shares or interest from the company purchased.","related":["STOCK SWAP ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION","TAKE-AWAY ACQUISITION","ASSET ACQUISITION STRATEGY","PURCHASE ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION INDIGESTION","ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT","ACQUISITION COST","DEFICIT FINANCING","ACCRETIVE ACQUISITION"]}
{"title":"AD VALOREM TARIFF","definition":"Additional charges added to an item based on value not on physical characteristics.","related":["AD VALOREM TAX","ACCOUNT AD VALOREM DUTY","AD VALOREM","CUSTOMS TARIFF SCHEDULE","TARIFF SCHEDULE","SHIPPING TARIFF SCHEDULE","GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE (GATT)","TARIFF","TARIFF WAR","SHIPPING TARIFF"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTABLE","definition":"This party is assigned responsibilities and is in charge of the account in question.","related":["ACCOUNTABLE PLAN","ACCOUNTABLE DOCUMENT","IN EQUITY PRACTICE","CRIMINATE","REUS","LATE PAYMENT FEE","HIGHER AND LOWER SCALE","ACCOUNT HOLDER","STIPULATOR","STATED"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM","definition":"A highly scrutinized analysis of loss and revenue. This conservative method prevents loss and increases profit. The reports that result are used to make important decisions.","related":["CONSERVATISM","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING","ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING","PUBLIC COMPANY ACCOUNTING OVERSIGHT BOARD (PCAOB)","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","ACCOUNTING VALUE","ACTIVITY ACCOUNTING","DIFFERENTIAL ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING RATIOS"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING METHOD","definition":"The rules that tell when and how both income and expenses are reported. The two common ways are accrual and cash method.","related":["CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","CASH BASIS ACCOUNTING","PERCENTAGE OF SALES METHOD","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD","ACCRUAL BASIS ACCOUNTING","BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","BASIC ACCOUNTING EQUATION","AFFORDABLE METHOD","STEP-DOWN METHOD"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING RISK","definition":"The amount a companies statements will change because of rate changes. AKA accounting exposure or translation risk.","related":["CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)","RISK VARIABLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","TRANSACTION RISK"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","definition":"Trade credit created by a company when it permits a client to pay in the future for goods or services that have already been delivered by the company. A client company is generally required to arrange payment within 7 to 180 days, though in some cases terms may extend even further. In exchange for granting the payment extension, the company implicitly or explicitly charges its customers a financing cost. Receivables granted in the normal course of business are routinely sold to third parties on a nonrecourse basis (FACTORING) or used as COLLATERAL to secure funding (FINANCING); in some cases they are repackaged and sold through a SECURITIZATION. See also ACCOUNTS PAYABLE.","related":["ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","FACTORING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"ACCRETION OF DISCOUNT","definition":"The process of adjusting the BOOK VALUE of a BOND purchased at a DISCOUNT to reflect the effects of a noncash payment of COUPON interest as maturity approaches. See also ACCRETION, AMORTIZATION, ORIGINAL ISSUEDISCOUNT.","related":["ACCRETION DISCOUNT","ACCRETION","DEEP DISCOUNT BOND","DISCOUNT YIELD","UNAMORTIZED BOND DISCOUNT","UNAMORTIZED DISCOUNT ON INVESTMENTS","DISCOUNT","QUANTITY DISCOUNT","AMORTIZATION OF BOND DISCOUNT","BOND DISCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED INCOME","definition":"Earnings in the accounting period but that will be recieved in another period.","related":["ACCRUED LIABILITY","ACCRUED TAX","NET INCOME","ACCRUED REVENUE","ACCRUED EXPENSES","ACCRUED INTEREST","TARGET INCOME","PERSONAL INCOME","ACCRUED RIGHT","ACCRUED DIVIDEND"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATION PERIOD","definition":"The amount of time an insurance policy is complete and no more claims can be made. Or the time when an annuitant makes a payment to the annuity guarantor.","related":["LIFE INCOME WITH PERIOD CERTAIN ANNUITY","CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD","ACCUMULATION CLAUSE","ACCUMULATION UNIT","ACCUMULATION OPTION","Policy Period","SUPPLEMENTAL EXTENDED REPORTING PERIOD","RIGHT OF ACCUMULATION","ACCUMULATION","ACCUMULATION TRUST"]}
{"title":"ACIS","definition":"The institue of chartered secretaries and adminstrators associate.","related":["ACMA","DEAD FREIGHT","SECUNDUM","AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","REGISTER OF DIRECTORS AND SECRETARIES","ACA","ACCA","CHARTER, V","NOT51","PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION (PBGC)"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION COST","definition":"The cost associated with marketing and writing new INSURANCE business, generally comprised of AGENT commissions, UNDERWRITING expenses, fees, and marketing support costs. A portion of these costs may be charged back to INSUREDS through EXPENSE LOADING. ACTIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY A process of dynamically managing a PORTFOLIO of securities by analyzing the RISK factors that influence each ASSET class (such as INTEREST RATES, interest rate VOLATILITY, CREDIT SPREADS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES, and corporate earnings) and allocating CAPITAL to those where risk and return appear attractive. An active strategy may require frequent rebalancing. See also INDEXING, PASSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY.ACTUAL AUTHORITY Powers granted by a PRINCIPAL to an AGENT to deal on its behalf. Actual authority may be explicit or implicit, and actions taken by the agent are generally binding on the principal. Also known as EXPRESS AUTHORITY.","related":["TOTAL ACQUISITION COST (TAC)","LIFE ACQUISITION COST SECURITIZATION","QUALIFIED ACQUISITION COST","COST OF CAPITAL","CAPITAL COST","ACQUISITION FEE","LOW COST STRATEGY","DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS (DAC)","ACQUISITION PROGRAM BASELINE","ACQUISITION FINANCING"]}
{"title":"ACRYLICS","definition":"Plastics that are sheets or fibers that are made of polymerized amides, esters, and acrylic derivatives.","related":["PAPER MEASURES","SALES LITERATURE","PRINTER’S REAM","FUNGIBILITY","BERMUDATRANSFORMER","THERMOPLASTICS","POST CONSUMER MATERIALS","QUIRE","MULLEN BURST TEST","POLYMER"]}
{"title":"ACTION-CENTERED LEADERSHIP","definition":"A model that focuses on what leaders must do to be better. They must motivate, complete a task, and help individual employees.","related":["LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT","LEADERSHIP SYSTEM","LAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADERSHIP","SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP","DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP GRID","AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP","BUREAUCRATIC LEADERSHIP","SUBSTITUTES FOR LEADERSHIP"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE PARTNER","definition":"An investor that is involved in the daily affairs of a firm.","related":["ACTIVE INVESTOR","NOMINAL PARTNER","ACTIVE FILE","GENERAL PARTNER","ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","PARTNER SURVIVING","PARTNER","PARTNER LIQUIDATING","LIQUIDATING PARTNER","SLEEPING PARTNER"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","definition":"When management adds activities that help and removes ones that don’t. It improves efficiency and market effectiveness. It tries to reduce cost, measure performance, improve cash flow, improve quality, and enhance value or a product.","related":["ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT","EVIDENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT","EXCEPTION-BASED MANAGEMENT","QUALITY MANAGEMENT","PRODUCT MANAGEMENT","ACTIVITY REPORT","SUSTAINING ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY CENTER"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL AUTHORITY","definition":"Oral agreement that counts as a contract. Refer to apparent authority.","related":["EXPRESS AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY BY ESTOPPEL","COLOR OF AUTHORITY","APPARENT AUTHORITY","CONSTRUCTIVE AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY","ACTUAL LOSS","ACTUAL CASH VALUE POLICY","IMPLIED AUTHORITY","LIMITED AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL VALUE","definition":"The value of imported physical goods based on the value of a similar good. It is declared for customs.","related":["ACTUAL VIOLENCE","ACTUAL COST","ACTUAL POSSESSION","ACTUAL PRODUCT","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","ACTUAL","ACTUAL EVICTION","ACTUAL AUTHORITY","ACTUAL SALE","DAMAGES ACTUAL"]}
{"title":"ACUTE EXPOSURE","definition":"A single exposure to a poison that causes harm or death. Refer to chronic exposure.","related":["ACUTE TOXICITY","ACUTE EFFECT","TERMINAL EXPOSURE","CHEMICAL EXPOSURE","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","CHRONIC EXPOSURE","AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","FRACTIONAL EXPOSURE","PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)"]}
{"title":"ADAPTIVE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING","definition":"A prediction techinique that uses seasonal variations. The variations become a coefficient and is applied to the calculations in the company. It is an extended version of exponential smoothing.","related":["EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING","EXPONENTIAL GROWTH","EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGE (EMA)","SMOOTHING","SMOOTHING DEMAND","DATA SMOOTHING","ADAPTIVE SYSTEM","ADAPTIVE SELLING","ADAPTIVE ORGANIZATION","ADAPTIVE MODE"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED TARIFF ELIMINATION","definition":"A free trade move that allows tariffs to be reduced or even eliminated.","related":["GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE (GATT)","BOUND TARIFF RATE","ELIMINATION","NON TARIFF BARRIER (NTB)","ELIMINATION PERIOD","TARIFF WAR","TARIFF RATE QUOTA","ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITION","ACCELERATED BOOKBUILD","ACCELERATED BENEFITS"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA","definition":"A way of accessing the ability of an item to perform its function.","related":["DEVIATION CRITERIA","ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE","CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE","THRESHOLD CRITERIA","TEST CRITERIA","QUALITY CRITERIA","PORTFOLIO CRITERIA","COMPETITIVE CRITERIA","AIR QUALITY CRITERIA","TRAINING CRITERIA"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTING HOUSE","definition":"A risk management technique used when the risk is acceptable.","related":["ACCEPTING RISK","ACCEPTING BANK","CONFIRMING HOUSE","INNER HOUSE","HOUSE","ALE-HOUSE","WORK-HOUSE","BOARDING-HOUSE","HOUSE OF CORRECTION","HOUSE COUNSEL"]}
{"title":"ACCESSION RATE","definition":"The number of new employees hired during a period of time. It is expressed as a percent of the total employees.","related":["ACCESSION","DROIT D’ACCESSION","ACCESSION NUMBER","ACCESSION RECORD","EFFECTIVE RATE OF RETURN","UNEMPLOYMENT RATE","RATE OF TURNOVER","PRO RATA RATE","SWAP RATE","NOMINAL LOAN RATE"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT PERIL","definition":"The calculated probability that an employee will be harmed at their job. This comes with machinery, electricity, fire, chemicals, and heavy objects.","related":["PERIL","SPECIAL PERIL INSURANCE","SPECIAL MULTI PERIL (SMP)","NAMED PERIL POLICY","MULTIPLE PERIL POLICY","MULTI PERIL POLICIES","SUDDEN PERIL RULE","MULTI PERIL CROP INSURANCE","COMMERCIAL MULTIPLE PERIL POLICY","ACCIDENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOMPLISHED","definition":"A skilled person in a speficic area. Or the past tense of accomplish.","related":["ACCOMPLISHED BILL OF LADING (B/L)","CUILIBET IN ARTE SUA PERITO EST CREDEN- DUIN","ARTISAN","JURIST","JURISCONSULT","LEGISPERITUS","ADDITIONAL DEATH BENEFIT","LEGULEIUS","PER VERBA DE PRiESENTI","CAMBIST"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT","definition":"The amount paid over the book value of a firm when it is purchased.","related":["STOCK SWAP ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION NUMBER","ADJUSTMENT","ACQUISITION FINANCING","ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE","ADJUSTMENT BOND","ACQUISITION ACCOUNTING","TAX ADJUSTMENT","ASSET ACQUISITION STRATEGY","ACQUISITION LOAN"]}
{"title":"ACROSS THE BOARD","definition":"When a certain area, market, or company is affected the same way by some circumstance, or a media event that is shown at the same time on all stations.","related":["BOARD DISMISSAL","STAGGERED BOARD","ADVISORY BOARD OF DIRECTORS","DUAL BOARD SYSTEM","PUBLIC COMPANY ACCOUNTING OVERSIGHT BOARD (PCAOB)","BOARD","ON BOARD","FREE ON BOARD (FOB)","BOARD FOOT (BF)","BOARD OF REVIEW"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE SUBSIDY","definition":"A bounty an exporter gets but is challenged by the importer if injuries occur. It can also be denied if it prejudices interests in a country.","related":["SUBSIDY","EXPORT SUBSIDY","ACTIONABLE","FEDERAL SUBSIDY RECAPTURE","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE WORDS","ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE MEASURE","definition":"Changing the acceptable pace by management or government to forcefully reach a goal.","related":["ACTIVE RECORD","MEASURE","MEASURE OF VALUE","UNIT OF MEASURE","QUALITY MEASURE","OUTCOME MEASURE","MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASURE","ADAPTIVE MEASURE","WINCHESTER MEASURE","MEASURE OF DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","definition":"Matching cost to activity. Any product uses activities, resources, and costs. This model was developed by Robert Kaplan and Robin Cooper in the late 1980s.","related":["ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","KAIZEN COSTING","TARGET COSTING","ACTIVITY STATUS","LIFE CYCLE COSTING","PROCESS COSTING","MARGINAL COSTING","STANDARD COSTING","NON VALUE ADDED ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY VALUE ANALYSIS","definition":"An exercise that takes into consideration the cost of an activity. It is used to control and reduce expenses.","related":["ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","ACTIVITY ATTRIBUTES","ACTIVITY COST POOL","ACTIVITY COST ASSIGNMENT","ACTIVITY STATUS","ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","BUSINESS ACTIVITY CODE","ACTIVITY CAPACITY","ACTIVITY DURATION"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL TURNOVER","definition":"How many times a person spends their money in a period of time.","related":["TURNOVER","WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER","RATE OF TURNOVER","CASH TURNOVER","PORTFOLIO TURNOVER","PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT TURNOVER","TURNOVER PROCEEDING","DAMAGES ACTUAL","ACTUAL COST OF WORK PERFORMED CONTRACT","TURNOVER TAX"]}
{"title":"ACUTE EFFECT","definition":"A negative effect on animals or humans. It occurs quickly and leads to health problems. The problems leave when no longer exposed. Refer to chronic effect.","related":["ACUTE TOXICITY","ACUTE EXPOSURE","ADVERSE EFFECT","DETERMINISTIC EFFECT","REVERSIBLE EFFECT","TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECT","CHRONIC EFFECT","NOAH EFFECT","RIPPLE EFFECT","PIGOU EFFECT"]}
{"title":"ADAPTIVE CONTROL METHOD","definition":"An advertising budget that uses market research to estimate levels and adjust its own budget accordingly. Refer to affordable method, competitive parity method, objectives adn task method, and percentage or sales method.","related":["AFFORDABLE METHOD","COMPETITIVE PARITY METHOD","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION METHODS","PERCENTAGE OF SALES METHOD","ADAPTIVE SELLING","ADAPTIVE LEARNING","ADAPTIVE SYSTEM","ADAPTIVE MODE","LOG-LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES METHOD","METHOD OF PAYMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATED OPTION","definition":"A clause in life insurance policy that allows a lump sum payment.","related":["ACCELERATED BENEFITS","ACCELERATED AMORTIZATION","ACCUMULATION OPTION","LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT OPTION","ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","ACCELERATED BOOKBUILD","ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITION","ACCELERATED DEPOSIT RULE","ACCELERATED TARIFF ELIMINATION","ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (ACRS)"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE CREDIT","definition":"When a bank sets up a credit facility for a creditworthy importer. The exporter can use the account. This is also called acceptance financing.","related":["ACCEPTANCE LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE","LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FEE","ACCEPTANCE FINANCING","ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR","SPECIAL ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE OF GOODS","GENERAL ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTING BANK","definition":"A bank from the exporters country that accepts its bills from the importer.","related":["ACCEPTING HOUSE","ACCEPTING RISK","ADVISING BANK","BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","CONFIRMING BANK","NEGOTIATING BANK","CENTRAL BANK","REGIONAL BANK","BANK","EXPORT IMPORT BANK (EXIM BANK)"]}
{"title":"ACCESSION NUMBER","definition":"A number assigned to a record in a database. This number shows the order it was added and acquired. Refer to acquisition number.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Patent Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT","definition":"Controling accident potential by preventing escalation, achieving a safe state, or balancing consequences.","related":["ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE ACT","LOSS MANAGEMENT","ACCIDENT CONDITION","COMMON ACCIDENT","INEVITABLE ACCIDENT","PURE ACCIDENT","LEAVING SCENE OF ACCIDENT","TRAVEL ACCIDENT INSURANCE","Accident Forgiveness","OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOMPLICE","definition":"A party who agrees to a crime as the main criminal or in accessory.","related":["FEIGNED ACCOMPLICE","ACCESSORY","COLLATERAL CONTRACT","REQUIREMENT CONTRACT","ALIBI","EXAMINATION","OFFENSE","PROSECUTION","PSOBATOR,","CRIMINAL, RE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT IN TRUST","definition":"Money managed by a party for another. This is done for minors.","related":["TRUST ACCOUNT","QUALIFIED DOMESTIC INTEREST TRUST (Q-DOT TRUST)","FIDUCIARY ACCOUNT","UNIT TRUST","QUALIFIED TERMINABLE INTEREST PROPERTY TRUST (Q-TIP TRUST)","ADVISOR ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT PARTY","SECRET TRUST","BLIND TRUST","PENSION TRUST FUND"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","definition":"The relationship that costs and activities have. This is used to make a budget. Refer to activity based costing.","related":["ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","ZERO BASED BUDGETING (ZBB)","ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT (ABM)","KAIZEN BUDGETING","ACTIVITY STATUS","BUDGETING","RELEVANT RANGE OF ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","BUSINESS ACTIVITY CODE","ACTIVITY DURATION"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY TYPE","definition":"A type of category used to organize jobs like construction, maintenance, and development.","related":["TYPE SERIES","SERIF TYPE","TYPE FAMILY","TYPE SPEC","TEXT TYPE","TYPE 1 FONT","TYPE A PERSONALITY","TYPE B PERSONALITY","TYPE FONT","TYPE"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL TOTAL LOSS (ATL)","definition":"Loss of property incurred when its destroyed, damaged beyond use, or is stolen. No notice of abandonment is required. AKA total loss. Refer to abandonment and constrictive total loss.","related":["TOTAL LOSS","ACTUAL LOSS","CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS (CTL)","TOTAL LOSS ONLY (TLO) INSURANCE","CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS","AFFIDAVIT OF LOSS","PASSIVE LOSS","TOTAL COST OF A CONTRACT","ACTUAL","TOTAL VALUE"]}
{"title":"ACTUATOR","definition":"A mechanical device that controls power flow.","related":["VALVE","SERVOMECHANISM","RESISTOR","SWITCH","MACHINE","MANTRAP","SOLENOID","SELF TEST","MOTOR","SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM"]}
{"title":"ADAPTER","definition":"Any device connecting interfaces allowing the to work together.","related":["Labor Law","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE","definition":"1. Agreements: Two parties agree to the terms of a contract. If it is denied a counter off is made until the agreement is reached. Upon agreement the contract is legally binding when it is signed. 2. Commerce: When a buyer accepts goods delivered. 3. Documentary credit: Agreeing to pay a bill by signing under the word accepted. 4. Legal: When an agent officially authorized acts on an agreement. 5. Shipping: The act of sending a good to a recipient.","related":["ACCEPTANCE THEORY OF AUTHORITY","BLANK ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE OF SERVICE","BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCE","SPECIAL ACCEPTANCE","TRADE ACCEPTANCE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FEE","ACCEPTANCE MARKET"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTED DRAFT","definition":"When a bank accepts a bill by countersigning it. The institution must now pay the bill before its maturation date. This is also called an advising bank.","related":["LAST ACCEPTED RATES (LAR)","GENERALLY ACCEPTED AUDITING STANDARDS (GAAS)","GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (GAAP)","BANK DRAFT","DATE DRAFT","ACCEPTANCE MARKET","SIGHT DRAFT","DEMAND DRAFT","COMMERCIAL DRAFT","DRAFT"]}
{"title":"ACCESSION","definition":"When one party takes charge of anothers property or records by a contract that both parties agree to.","related":["ACCESSION RECORD","DROIT D’ACCESSION","ACCESSION NUMBER","ACCESSION RATE","HOLD HARMLESS CLAUSE","ARM’SLENGTH TRANSACTION","GOOD FAITH BARGAINING","LIMITATION OF DAMAGES CLAUSE","COLLATERAL CONTRACT","MUTUALITY OF CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT CONDITION","definition":"When accidents cause consequences that are greater than expected.","related":["ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT","EMERGENCY ACCIDENT BENEFIT","ON CONDITION","CONDITION","RELEASE CONDITION","MARKET CONDITION","CONFINING CONDITION","CONDITION PRECEDENT","ESTATE UPON CONDITION","RISK CONDITION"]}
{"title":"ACCOMPANIED SHOPPING","definition":"When a shopper is asked questions while shopping about the experience. Night clubs and athletic centers use this method. Refer to solitary shopping or shopping alone.","related":["ONLINE SHOPPING","COMPARISON SHOPPING","SHOPPING CART","POST BID SHOPPING","BID SHOPPING","SHOPPING","PRE-BID SHOPPING","SHOPPING CENTER","OPINION SHOPPING","THIRD-NIGHT-AWN-HINDE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT HOLDER","definition":"A party authorized to use an account as they see fit. This is done by signing forms consenting to manage an account.","related":["HOLDER IN BAD FAITH","HOLDER IN GOOD FAITH","HOLDER","ACCOUNT PARTY","PETTY CASH ACCOUNT","HOLDER IN DUE COURSE","BAG HOLDER","CONTRACT HOLDER","OPTION HOLDER","PAYABLE TO HOLDER"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTABILITY MATRIX","definition":"A table used to report on a project that shows everything done and ordered. It makes sure all things are done in proper order and is completed. AKA responsibility matrix.","related":["ACCOUNTABILITY","QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) MATRIX","MATRIX DIAGRAM","MATRIX MANAGEMENT","DECISION MATRIX","PORTFOLIO PLANNING MATRIX","RISK MATRIX","PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY","SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY","HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS","definition":"The accounting rules governing financial statement preparation. Once a method is chosen is should be used throughout. The four main concepts are accruals, consistency, going, and prudence. Refer to summary of significant accounting policies.","related":["FASB STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS (SFAC)","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (GAAP)","CONSISTENCY PRINCIPLE","COOKIE JAR ACCOUNTING","SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (SSAP)","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING MEASUREMENT","definition":"The calculation of economic cost in terms of money and time or other units.","related":["MONETARY MEASUREMENT","MEASUREMENT CARGO","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING COST","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","MEASUREMENT TON","WEIGHT OR MEASUREMENT (W/M)","MEASUREMENT NOISE","MEASUREMENT ERROR","WORK MEASUREMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING RESEARCH BULLETIN (ARB)","definition":"Documents circulated that recommend accounting practices to the accounting community.","related":["POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY","TAX ACCOUNTING","PRINCIPLES-BASED ACCOUNTING","FASB STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS (SFAC)","BULLETIN","ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM","BULLETIN DES LOIS","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","CARD RECOVERY BULLETIN"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TURNOVER","definition":"How payments are made to vendors. The amount of purchase and the total in payable ledger is used to calculate this.","related":["NET METHOD OF RECORDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO TOTAL DEBT RATIO","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P)","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO","DAYS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (DAYS A/P)","PAYABLE","BILL PAYABLE"]}
{"title":"ACCRETION DISCOUNT","definition":"An entry on an accounting book for a bond bought at a discount. This is done by straight line or constant interest method.","related":["ACCRETION OF DISCOUNT","ACCRETION","UNAMORTIZED BOND DISCOUNT","DEEP DISCOUNT BOND","AMORTIZATION OF BOND DISCOUNT","QUANTITY DISCOUNT","DISCOUNT","DISCOUNT YIELD","BOND DISCOUNT","FEDERAL RESERVE DISCOUNT RATE"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED FUTURE SERVICE BENEFIT","definition":"A benefit credited to a plan based on years of service.","related":["PAST SERVICE BENEFIT","ACCRUED BENEFITS","TARGET BENEFIT PLAN","FLAT BENEFIT FORMULA","DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN","ACCRUED DEPRECIATION","SERVICE PLANS","DEFINED BENEFIT FORMULA","FUTURE INCREASE OPTION","UNIT BENEFIT FORMULA"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATION OPTION","definition":"LIfe insurance clause that gives dividends growth to cover interest. AKA accumulation at interest point.","related":["CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD","WILLIAMS ACCUMULATION DISTRIBUTION (WAD)","ACCUMULATION","LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT OPTION","ACCUMULATION CLAUSE","ACCUMULATION PERIOD","ACCELERATED OPTION","RIGHT OF ACCUMULATION","ACCUMULATION UNIT","ACCUMULATION TRUST"]}
{"title":"ACIDIOSIS","definition":"When body fluids change to make them more acidic. It is caused by a bodily failure that maintains acid alkali level in blood.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Civil Law Torts","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Torts (Selmi)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITIES BASE SYSTEM","definition":"Information that leads to facts about activities in an organization.","related":["SECONDARY ACTIVITIES","ULTRA VIRES ACTIVITIES","BILL OF ACTIVITIES (BOA)","PARALLEL ACTIVITIES","OPERATING ACTIVITIES","FINANCING ACTIVITIES","KNOWLEDGE BASE","ACTIVITIES, INTERESTS, OPINIONS (AIO)","CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES","NON-CORE ACTIVITIES"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY LEVEL","definition":"How an object uses company assets to complete.","related":["ACTIVITY DRIVER","ACTIVITY COST POOL","ACTIVITY RATIOS","ACTIVITY STATUS","ENTITY LEVEL CONTROLS","BUSINESS ACTIVITY CODE","SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT","PRICE LEVEL ADJUSTED MORTGAGE (PLAM)","ACTIVITY","MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE","definition":"Understanding a fact as true that would lead to further investigation.","related":["COMMON KNOWLEDGE","CONSTRUCTED KNOWLEDGE","SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE","ACTUAL","ACTUAL VALUE","ACTUAL TURNOVER","ACTUAL LOSS","ACTUAL AUTHORITY","ACTUAL CASH VALUE","POSSESSION ACTUAL"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","definition":"Statistics that help determine contributions periodically made to a pension. It uses earned income and total contributions to decide payment amount.","related":["ACCRUAL BASIS ACCOUNTING","CASH BASIS ACCOUNTING","BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","COMMITMENT BASIS ACCOUNTING","OBLIGATION BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","MODIFIED ACCRUAL BASIS ACCOUNTING","ACTUARIAL VALUATION","ACCRUAL BASIS","ACTUARIAL SCIENCE","ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY"]}
{"title":"AD REQUEST","definition":"Any time an ad is accessed on the internet.","related":["REQUEST","COURTS OF REQUEST","REQUEST FOR NEW TRIAL","INSTANCE AND REQUEST","RETRIEVAL REQUEST","REQUEST FOR QUOTATIONS (RFQ)","REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS (RFP)","REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI)","PROCUREMENT REQUEST","REQUEST FOR DISMISSAL"]}
{"title":"ADDENDUM","definition":"A document attached to clarify or modify a part of a contract.","related":["CONTRACT ADDENDUM","ENCLOSURES","SUPPORTING DATA","UNCONSCIONABILITY","UNCONSCIONABILITY DOCTRINE","SUPPLEMENTAL CONDITIONS","PURCHASE ORDER","ENDORSEMENT","CONTRACT LAW","IN COMMON LAW"]}
{"title":"ACCELERATOR PRINCIPLE","definition":"Acceleration principle is an alternate definition to refer to.","related":["ACCELERATOR","AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE","PRINCIPLE,","FINANCIAL ACCELERATOR","BENEFIT PRINCIPLE","PETER PRINCIPLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","PARETO PRINCIPLE","ABILITY TO PAY PRINCIPLE","OBJECTIVITY PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE OF GOODS","definition":"When an individual accepts the role of trustee. This cannot be renounced post acceptance.","related":["QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FINANCING","SPECIAL ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR","ACCEPTANCE MARKET","ACCEPTANCE CREDIT","GENERAL ACCEPTANCE","BLANK ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE OF A BILL OF EXCHANGE","LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCESS LEVEL","definition":"Refer to the term system access level for clarification.","related":["SYSTEM ACCESS LEVEL","ACCESS CONTROL LIST","DENIAL-OF-ACCESS COVER","ACCESS RIGHTS","SUPPORT LEVEL","ACCESS","REMOTE ACCESS","NO OBSERVABLE ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)","RANDOM ACCESS","MAINTENANCE LEVEL"]}
{"title":"ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT","definition":"A party who commits a crime by hiding the offender or aiding in their escape preventing punishment.","related":["ACCESSORY BEFORE THE FACT","ACCESSORY","ACCESSORY TO A CRIME","PRINCIPAL AND ACCESSORY","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","ALLEGATION OF FACT","MISTAKE OF FACT","IN FACT","FACT","ATTORNEY-IN-FACT"]}
{"title":"ACCOMMODATION","definition":"Placing anothers concerns befor your own to solve an issue. This is a good low stakes move to encourage long term business. Refer to accomodations.","related":["CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION","ACCOMMODATION BILL","ACCOMMODATION PAPER","ACCOMMODATION NOTE","ACCOMMODATION PARTY","ACCOMMODATION LOAN","ACCOMMODATION LINE","QUALIFIED EXCHANGE ACCOMMODATION ARRANGEMENTS","LIQUIDITY SQUEEZE","CROSS SHAREHOLDING"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT ANALYSIS","definition":"The activity summary of an account over a period of time. Or the change in cost behavior over time.","related":["RECONCILIATION ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT STATEMENT","ACTIVITY VALUE ANALYSIS","SUBSIDIARY ACCOUNT","NOMINAL ACCOUNT","SYSTEM ANALYSIS","TIERED RATE ACCOUNT","PERMANENT OWNERS’ EQUITY ACCOUNT","DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS","ACCOUNT HISTORY"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT RENDERED","definition":"On a statement the balance of the previous months statement.","related":["RENDERED ACCOUNT","SERVICES RENDERED","BILL RENDERED","NOMINAL ACCOUNT","NORMAL ACCOUNT BALANCE","OPEN ACCOUNT","MANUFACTURING ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT STATEMENT","BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT","OFFSET ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTANT’S LIABILITY","definition":"An accountant who has been negligent, fraudulant, broke laws, or does not employ the GAAP.","related":["PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT","CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA)","CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT","ACCOUNTANT CLIENT PRIVILEGE","CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT","CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT (CMA)","ACCOUNTANT","ACCOUNTANT’S RESPONSIBILITY","ACCOUNTANT’S LIEN","THE ACCOUNTANT’S MAGAZINE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING EARNINGS","definition":"The amount earned for the year by a company.","related":["GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","RETAINED EARNINGS","ANNUAL EARNINGS CHANGE","SURPLUS EARNINGS OF A COMPANY OR CORPORATION","TRANSFER EARNINGS","ACTUARIAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","QUALITY OF EARNINGS","AVERAGE ACCOUNTING RETURN","ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING PROFIT","definition":"Any earnings that have not yet been taxed.","related":["NOT-FOR-PROFIT ACCOUNTING","EMPLOYEE PROFIT SHARING PLAN (EPSP)","PRE-TAX PROFIT MARGIN","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","PROFIT","PROFIT ?","NET PROFIT","PHANTOM PROFIT","PROFIT MOTIVE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING VALUE","definition":"An approach to financial analysis that values a company","related":["CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES","ACCOUNTING RECORDS","ACTIVITY ACCOUNTING","DIFFERENTIAL ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING RATIOS","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATE","ACCOUNTING CYCLE","PUSH-DOWN ACCOUNTING","RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM"]}
{"title":"ACCREDITED ADVISOR IN INSURANCE","definition":"An agent who has passed three tests in insurance. The tests are administered by the insurance institute of america.","related":["ACCREDITED","INVESTMENT ADVISOR","ACCREDITED PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING SPECIALIST","ADVISOR ACCOUNT","REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISOR (RIA)","COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR (CTA)","COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR","ACCREDITED PARTY","ACCREDITED INVESTOR","SAVINGS ASSOCIATION INSURANCE FUND (SAIF)"]}
{"title":"ACCRUAL OF OBLIGATION","definition":"To extend the maturity date or an obligation until the obligor must pay.","related":["ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","ACCRUAL BOND","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION CONDITIONAL","SECONDARY OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION JOINT","SUPPORT OBLIGATION","ARBITRAGE COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION SECONDARY","DETERMINATE OBLIGATION"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX","definition":"A tax that occurs when a company overstates income and profits.","related":["ACCUMULATED SURPLUS","ACCUMULATED PROFIT","ACCUMULATED PROFITS TAX","ACCUMULATED FUND","GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","ACCUMULATED VALUE","EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","ACCUMULATED DIVIDEND","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION","ANNUAL EARNINGS"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING CHANGE","definition":"Changing methods, estimates, or power voters. It is disclosed in notes in financial statements.","related":["CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING METHOD","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATE","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","CHANGE OF BENEFICIARY PROVISION","SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (SSAP)","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS)","definition":"The system responsible for creating financial reports for both internal and externa parties.","related":["FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)","CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING","ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING","DEROGATORY INFORMATION","CHINA CREDIT INFORMATION SERVICE (CCIS)","ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SYSTEM","MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)","ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE","ACCOUNTING PERIOD"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING REPORTS","definition":"Statements given periodically to show the firms position.","related":["ACCOUNTING POLICIES","REPORTS","REPORTS,","X-RAY REPORTS","CONSUMER REPORTS","AMERICAN LAW REPORTS","SIDE REPORTS","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","ACTUARIAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","ACCOUNTING CHANGE"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING","definition":"Deciding which bills are to be paid on time. Those who are not paid on time must be paid before they are too far past due. This is done to aviod credit problems.","related":["ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P)","AGING OF ACCOUNTS","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO TOTAL DEBT RATIO","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TURNOVER","DAYS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (DAYS A/P)","NET METHOD OF RECORDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","AGING SCHEDULE"]}
{"title":"ACCRETION","definition":"A periodic increase in the value of an ASSET or LIABILITY originally issued, granted, or sold at a discount to FACE VALUE. In general, the contract will increase on a straightline basis towards face value as maturity of the transaction approaches. See also ACCRETION OF DISCOUNT, AMORTIZATION,ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT.","related":["ACCRETION OF DISCOUNT","ACCRETION DISCOUNT","DISCOUNT YIELD","EFFECTIVE YIELD","BOND EQUIVALENT YIELD","CONVERGENCE","REASONABLE TIME","GOVERNMENT BILL","MASTER POLICY","FLIPPING"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED EXPENSES","definition":"An expense incurred but no payment has come in during the period. Shown on a balance sheet as a short term liabilty. AKA accrued liablities.","related":["OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES PAYABLE","ACCRUED INTEREST","ACCRUED TAX","ACCRUED REVENUE","ACCRUED INCOME","ACCRUED LIABILITY","REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSES","ACCRUED BOND","OPERATING EXPENSES","PERSONAL EXPENSES"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATION CLAUSE","definition":"In marine insurance when the value of goods is increased if shipments accumulate without an insured parties knowing.","related":["ACCUMULATION OPTION","ACCUMULATION PERIOD","CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD","SUING AND LABORING CLAUSE","CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE","ABANDONMENT CLAUSE","ACCUMULATION","RIGHT OF ACCUMULATION","ACCUMULATION UNIT","ACCUMULATION TRUST"]}
{"title":"ACID TEST RATIO","definition":"A liquidity measure that tests the ability to cover loss. Its a better measure than the current ratio. If its high its good for lenders and investors. AKA acid ratio or quick ration. REfer to current ratio.","related":["RATIO TEST","ACID RAIN","MUTUAL FUND CASH-TO-ASSETS RATIO","FRONT END RATIO","DEBT TO WORTH RATIO","PRICE TO EARNINGS GROWTH (PEG) RATIO","CLAIM RATIO","COMBINED RATIO","LOSS RATIO","DEBT-EQUITY RATIO"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION ACCOUNTING","definition":"The way a financial statement used to purchase a firm. The price is decided from this report. Any excess value is put in a good will fund.","related":["ACQUISITION INDIGESTION","ACQUISITION","STOCK SWAP ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION PREMIUM","ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT","ACQUISITION FINANCING","ACCRETIVE ACQUISITION","TAKE-AWAY ACQUISITION","ASSET ACQUISITION STRATEGY","BASIS OF ACCOUNTING"]}
{"title":"ACROBAT READER","definition":"Software used to read and print documents. The files are in a PDF format.","related":["ACROBAT","OFFLINE READER (OLR)","MAGNETIC STRIPE READER","BARCODE READER","SHOCKWAVE","DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE","MICROSOFT EXCEL","PROPRIETARY FORMAT","OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)","PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE"]}
{"title":"ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","definition":"Knowledge used to boost company position. It can lead to a strike or counter strategy. Refer to competitive intelligence.","related":["CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (BI)","COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","COLLABORATIVE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (CBI)","ACTIONABLE","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","ACTIONABLE NEGLIGENCE","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE MARKET","definition":"When the market experiences heavy trading.","related":["ACTIVE STOCKS","MARKET CAPITALIZATION (MARKET CAP)","NON-ACTIVE COMPANY","FAST MARKET","GRAVEYARD MARKET","OVER THE COUNTER (OTC) MARKET","TOTAL MARKET VALUE","EQUITIES MARKET","MARKET ON CLOSE ORDER","MARKET ON OPEN ORDER"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION","definition":"The purchase of one company by another in order to fulfill particular strategic goals related to revenues, market share, product/ service offerings, or competition. An acquisition may be structured as a stock acquisition, where the acquiring company offers investors in the target company a specific price for their COMMON STOCK, or an asset acquisition, where the acquiring company offers to buy a portion or majority of the target company","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Contracts I","Property Law"]}
{"title":"ACROBAT","definition":"Compatibility software used to transfer data from one brand of computer to another without altering the appearance of the data.","related":["ACROBAT READER","BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY","SECURE SYSTEM","SERVER","UPLOAD","PROPRIETARY FORMAT","UPWARD COMPATIBILITY","ANTIVIRUS (AV) SOFTWARE","REAL TIME","DATA ACCESS TIME"]}
{"title":"ACTION PLAN","definition":"A set of steps to be performed for success. It has specific tasks, time horizon, and resource allocation. AKA action program.","related":["EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN","MEDIA PLAN","MIXED ACTION","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","CAUSE OF ACTION","COLLECTIVE ACTION","RIGHT OF ACTION","IN ACTION","MARKETING PLAN","POSSESSORY ACTION"]}
{"title":"ACTIVE INVESTOR","definition":"A firms shareholder that is involved in the daily affairs of that firm.","related":["ACTIVE PARTNER","PASSIVE INVESTOR","ACTIVE FILE","SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION CORPORATION (SIPC)","ACTIVE CUSTOMERS","GREEN INVESTOR","LEAD INVESTOR","MOMENTUM INVESTOR","ANGEL INVESTOR","HANDS-OFF INVESTOR"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY BASE","definition":"The production activity used to create overhead.","related":["ALLOCATION BASE","ACTIVITY STATUS","MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY","BUSINESS ACTIVITY CODE","SINGLE ALLOCATION BASE APPROACH","ANCILLARY ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY DURATION","ACTIVITY CAPACITY","ACTIVITY ATTRIBUTES","NON VALUE ADDED ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTIVITY STATUS","definition":"A stage where an activity has not yet begun, started activities are continuing, or an activity is complete.","related":["ACTIVITY COST POOL","ACTIVITY BASED BUDGETING (ABB)","ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC)","BUSINESS ACTIVITY CODE","ACTIVITY BASE","ACTIVITY CAPACITY","ACTIVITY DURATION","ANCILLARY ACTIVITY","ACTIVITY ATTRIBUTES","NON VALUE ADDED ACTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ACTUAL TO DATE","definition":"The value realized between a point in the past, present, and future.","related":["ACTUAL START DATE","ACTUAL FINISH DATE","POST DATE","CUTOFF DATE","ACTUAL VALUE","ACTUAL","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","ACTUAL EVICTION","ACTUAL VIOLENCE","ACTUAL PRODUCT"]}
{"title":"ACTUARIAL VALUATION","definition":"A pension whose value is determined by its assets and liabilities.","related":["ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITY","ACTUARIAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING","UNFUNDED ACTUARIAL LIABILITY","VALUATION ACCOUNT","ASSET VALUATION","ACCOUNTING VALUATION","ASSET VALUATION RESERVE","ACTUARIAL AGE","ACTUARIAL","ACTUARIAL SCIENCE"]}
{"title":"ADAPTATION","definition":"Changing a work to make it meet a certain need. Or changing an idea to make it work for a situation.","related":["PRODUCT ADAPTATION","LEGAL FICTION","DIAGRAM","TEMPORARY TOTAL DISABILITY","OVERHEATING","MASS CUSTOMIZATION","AMERICAN EXPRESS","PROOF OF CONCEPT","READINESS","ANYOCCUPATION POLICY"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)","definition":"An acceptable use policy placed on computers and their associated resources. It requires the user to stay in their secure area, the user is held accountable for what they do, should only use the terminals for their designated purpose, keep their passwords safe, avoid blocked site, and stay off porn sites.","related":["Privacy Policy","ACCEPTABLE RISK","COMMERCIALLY ACCEPTABLE","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI) NOT SPECIFIED","ACCEPTABLE PRICE RANGE","ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL","MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE TOXIC CONCENTRATION","LOWEST ACCEPTABLE DAILY DOSE","CONDITIONAL ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE THEORY OF AUTHORITY","definition":"A bill accepted when the buyer signs under the word accepted. They are now responsible to pay.","related":["ACCEPTANCE","TRADE ACCEPTANCE","BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE MARKET","BLANK ACCEPTANCE","QUALIFIED ACCEPTANCE","SPECIAL ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE FEE","GENERAL ACCEPTANCE","GREATER FOOL THEORY"]}
{"title":"ACCESSIBILITY","definition":"The ability and ease a customer can access a service, good, associate, or facility. Or the ability to access records on a system or website.","related":["USABILITY","MARKET OF ONE","BRANCH AUTOMATION","ACCESS","RECORD CONTROL","REMOTE ACCESS","SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT","LEVEL OF SERVICE","FIELD SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE","SUPPLIER QUALITY ASSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT BOOK","definition":"A book where employees record any injury no matter how small or big that occur on site or off site.","related":["MINUTE BOOK","BOOK ACCOUNT","CASH-BOOK","BOOK OF ORIGINAL ENTRIES","DAY-BOOK","ENTRY BOOK","CASH BOOK","JUDGMENT BOOK","OPEN BOOK MANAGEMENT (OBM)","UNMATCHED BOOK"]}
{"title":"ACCOMMODATIVE MONETARY POLICY","definition":"Stimulating economic growth by giving out more money. It decreases federal funds wrth making money easier to borrow. Refer to federal open market committee,tight monetary policy and federal reserve","related":["MONETARY POLICY","EXPANSIONARY MONETARY POLICY","LOOSE MONETARY POLICY","TIGHT MONETARY POLICY","MONETARY ITEM","MONETARY NEUTRALITY","MONETARY BASE CONTROL","NON-MONETARY ASSET","MONETARY MEASUREMENT","MONETARY THEORY"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT HOLD","definition":"A restriction a bank puts on an account to control access to funds. It occurs when the account balance is collateral or when the court and tax authorities place a lien. Refer to check hold.","related":["CHECK HOLD","HOLD","SEQUESTERED ACCOUNT","HOLD HARMLESS CLAUSE","MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT (MMA)","TO HAVE AND TO HOLD","TRUST ACCOUNT","CALL DEPOSIT ACCOUNT","BUY AND HOLD","FROZEN ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTABILITY","definition":"When one party must report its activities and take responsibility for them. It is done to keep them honest and responsible.","related":["ACCOUNTABILITY MATRIX","PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY","SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY","HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA)","NON-DELEGABLE DUTY","MAZUR PLAN","GLOBAL COORDINATOR","RETROCEDANT","PROCURING AUTHORITY","RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR"]}
{"title":"ACCESS RIGHTS","definition":"An employees authorization level to access certain records.","related":["ACCESS CONTROL LIST","ACCESS","SYSTEM ACCESS","ACCESS LEVEL","REMOTE ACCESS","DENIAL-OF-ACCESS COVER","RANDOM ACCESS","LIGHTWEIGHT DIRECTORY ACCESS PROTOCOL (LDAP)","ACCESS POINT","ACCESS EASEMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT AND HEALTH BENEFITS","definition":"Fringe benefits paid to employees by the employers insurance plan.","related":["HEALTH BENEFITS PACKAGE","TEMPORARY DISABILITY BENEFITS","EMPLOYEE BENEFITS","NONDUPLICAION OF BENEFITS","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","LIVING BENEFITS RIDER","BASIC BENEFITS","LIVING NEED BENEFITS","ALLOCATED BENEFITS","ACCELERATED BENEFITS"]}
{"title":"ACCOMMODATION PARTY","definition":"A party that guarantees a loan for another party with no benefit to themselves. AKA accommodation endorser.","related":["ACCOMMODATION LOAN","ACCOMMODATION PAPER","ACCOMMODATION BILL","ACCOMMODATION","THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY","CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION","ACCOMMODATION LINE","ACCOMMODATION NOTE","QUALIFIED EXCHANGE ACCOMMODATION ARRANGEMENTS","ACCOUNT PARTY"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT FORMAT","definition":"The arrangement of information on a balance sheet. Assets and liabilites are listed as well as equity. AKA account form.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Professional Responsibility","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Trust and Will","Remedies"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT TYPE","definition":"A code an account is given to show its general purpose. It can be savings, checking, or brokerage for example.","related":["MONEY MARKET DEPOSIT ACCOUNT","MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT (MMA)","ACCOUNT NUMBER","COMMERCIAL ACCOUNT","DEFERRAL TYPE ADJUSTING ENTRY","MINOR’S ACCOUNT","TRUST ACCOUNT","BROKERAGE ACCOUNT","ASSET MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT","TIERED RATE ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING","definition":"The knowledge of transaction records, financial records, audits, reporting to management, and tax matters. A process of revealing loss and profit for a period of time. It shows firm resources, financing, and results.","related":["ACCOUNTING RECORDS","GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (GASB)","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD","ACCOUNTING ENTITY","ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM","MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING","RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING","VARIANCE ACCOUNTING","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOUNDATION","BASIS OF ACCOUNTING"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING EVENT","definition":"A transaction that is recoreded as a debit or credit entry.","related":["COMMERCE EVENT","EVENT","EVENT MAP","THREAT EVENT","QUALIFYING EVENT","FORTUITOUS EVENT","EVENT UNCERTAINTY","EVENT TREE","EVENT ANOMALIES","UNFORESEEN EVENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTING REFERENCE PERIOD","definition":"The year long period that represents a companies financial year.","related":["REFERENCE BASE PERIOD","ACCOUNTING PERIOD","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD","PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS","REFERENCE ANALYSIS","PRIOR PERIOD","PRESENTATION PERIOD","CLOSE PERIOD","ACCOUNTING","LOCK-IN PERIOD"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO","definition":"The connection between unpaid bills and incoming profit. This is organized by accounting period. If its a high number the company has liquid assets and is very secure.","related":["ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO TOTAL DEBT RATIO","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TO SALES RATIO","NET METHOD OF RECORDING ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P)","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TURNOVER","TOTAL ASSETS TO SALES RATIO","DAYS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (DAYS A/P)","ADVERTISING SALES RATIO"]}
{"title":"ACCRETED VALUE","definition":"The balance sheet data of principal and interest on bonds and investments.","related":["COMPOUND ACCRETED VALUE","EQUITY METHOD","MORTGAGE LOAN PAYABLE","LONG TERM DEBT","LONG TERM LIABILITY","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","GAIN ON SALE OF INVESTMENTS","TOTAL ASSETS","DRY POWDER","BALANCE SHEET ITEM"]}
{"title":"ACCRUED BOND","definition":"A bond issued to investors who want more profit without high risk. The interest payment will be issued when the bond matures.","related":["ACCRUED INTEREST","PLANNED AMORTIZATION CLASS (PAC) BOND","SPECIAL ASSESSMENT BOND","ZERO-COUPON BOND","RESET BOND","COST BOND, OR BOND FOR COSTS","CATASTROPHE BOND","FLAT INCOME BOND","REDEEMABLE BOND","ACCRUED REVENUE"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATING SHARES","definition":"Stock issued to stakeholders instead of a dividend to avoid paying taxes. Capital gains tax must be paid.","related":["PREFERENCE SHARES","FOUNDERS’ SHARES","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARES (ADS)","DEFERRED DIVIDEND SHARES","CLASS A SHARES","MONTHLY INCOME PREFERRED SHARES (MIPS)","OUTSTANDING SHARES","PAIRED SHARES","SAFETY SHARES","GROWTH SHARES"]}
{"title":"ACID QUALITIES","definition":"The four elements of transaction processing that are atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability.","related":["EXPERIENCE QUALITIES","ACID","DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)","ACID RAIN","ACID DEPOSITION","ACID TEST RATIO","DATA VALUE STANDARD","NON-STANDARD ADDERS","DATA DICTIONARY","SATISFACTORY QUALITY"]}
{"title":"AVOIDABLE COST","definition":"To avoid a variable cost by taking a specific action. A fixed cost is not avoidable.","related":["SEMI VARIABLE COST","RULE OF AVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCES","BATCH COST","REMOVAL COST","AVERAGE COST","MARGINAL COST","STEP COST","VARIABLE COST","PROJECTED TOTAL LIFE COST","SWITCHING COST"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTABLE PRICE RANGE","definition":"A buyers realistic expectation of the cost of a product or service. This is based on the quality and benefits expected.","related":["PRODUCT RANGE","FIXED PRICE CONTRACT WITH ECONOMIC PRICE ADJUSTMENT","NON-MONETARY PRICE","COMPETITIVE PRICE","PRICE DISCRIMINATION","COMMERCIALLY ACCEPTABLE","ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)","ACCEPTABLE RISK","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI) NOT SPECIFIED","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)"]}
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE OF SHIPMENT","definition":"When a statistic does not support the hypothesis it is considered a null hypothesis.","related":["PARTIAL SHIPMENT","SHIPMENT","SPLIT SHIPMENT","SHORT SHIPMENT","SHIPMENT CONTRACT","ADVICE OF SHIPMENT","CONSOLIDATED SHIPMENT","COMPLETE SHIPMENT","COLLECT SHIPMENT","TRANSIT SHIPMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCESS RATE","definition":"See the definition for data transfer rate.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Privacy Policy","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Property Law","Patent Law","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENT","definition":"An unforeseeable and unexpected turn of events that causes loss in value, injury, and increased liabilities. The event is not deliberately caused and is not inevitable. Refer to incident.","related":["ATFAULT ACCIDENT","PURE ACCIDENT","ACCIDENT BOOK","COMMON ACCIDENT","CHEMICAL ACCIDENT","UNAVOIDABLE ACCIDENT","ACCIDENT PERIL","ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT","ACCIDENT CONDITION","INEVITABLE ACCIDENT"]}
{"title":"ACCOMMODATION LOAN","definition":"A loan given that will not benefit the lender.","related":["ACCOMMODATION PARTY","ACCOMMODATION PAPER","ACCOMMODATION","LOW DOCUMENTATION LOAN","LOAN PROCESSING","ACCOMMODATION NOTE","CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION","ACCOMMODATION LINE","ACCOMMODATION BILL","LOAN APPLICATION"]}
{"title":"ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE","definition":"A representative who manages a client, large customer, or acts as an agent broker. AKA registered representative.","related":["DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNT","EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT","ADVISOR ACCOUNT","BROKERAGE ACCOUNT","EXECUTIVE","EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE","EXECUTIVE POWER","EXECUTIVE BRANCH","EXECUTIVE CAPACITY"]}
{"title":"ASSETBASED LENDING","definition":"Financing that uses the asset being purchased as collateral for the funds to buy it. The collateral’s quality is the important factor here. The loan amount is based on the asset value and its marketability upon default. Its off balance sheet financing. AK","related":["CONSUMER AND BUSINESS LENDING INITIATIVE","TRUTH IN LENDING","BANK LENDING SURVEY","LENDING POLICY","PREDATORY LENDING","TRUTH-IN-LENDING ACT","LENDING INSTITUTION","PRIME LENDING RATE","LEGAL LENDING LIMIT","SYNTHETIC LENDING FACILITY"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","definition":"When accounts are pledged as collateral for a loan. The lender gets repayment from these accounts if default occurs. Refer to asset based lending.","related":["ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","BOOK VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","FACTORING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TO SALES RATIO","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATE BANK","definition":"A bank affiliated with another to give clients better benefits.","related":["BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","INVESTMENT BANK","ASSOCIATE","ASSOCIATE IN CLAIMS (AIC)","ASSOCIATE IN MANAGEMENT (AIM)","ASSOCIATE COMPANY","ASSOCIATE’S DEGREE","ASSOCIATE BROKER","ASSOCIATE IN RESEARCH AND PLANNING (ARP)","EXPORT IMPORT BANK (EXIM BANK)"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION OF MORTGAGE","definition":"A contract when a buyer takes responsibilty for payments to save closing costs or interest rates. The original party is secondarily responsible unless released.","related":["MORTGAGE-PIPELINE RISK","ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION FEE","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","WORKOUT ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF RISK","MORTGAGE PROTECTION","PRICE LEVEL ADJUSTED MORTGAGE (PLAM)","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","RISK ASSUMPTION"]}
{"title":"AT A DISCOUNT","definition":"1. goods sold with a price reduction to get a quick sale boost. 2. AKA below par.","related":["TRADE DISCOUNT","SEASONAL DISCOUNT","FORWARD DISCOUNT","BLOCKAGE DISCOUNT","UNAMORTIZED DISCOUNT ON INVESTMENTS","BOND DISCOUNT","DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL","DISCOUNT","DISCOUNT YIELD","HORIZONTAL DISCOUNT"]}
{"title":"ATM CARD","definition":"A card used to get money from an ATM. It is plastic and has a magnetic strip. It can be used as a debit card too.","related":["BANK CARD","GIFT CARD","CARD DECK","MONTHLY DEBIT ORDINARY STATUS CARD","DEBIT CARD","CARD NOT PRESENT","CARD PRESENT","SMART CARD","CARD RECOVERY BULLETIN","PREPAID CREDIT CARD"]}
{"title":"ATTESTATION CLAUSE","definition":"The requirement of an insurance officer to sign the contract for it to be official.","related":["ATTESTATION","ATTESTATION OF A WILL","ATTESTATION CLANSE","AUTOMATIC REINSTATEMENT CLAUSE","LIMITATION OF COST CLAUSE","LIMITATION OF FUNDS CLAUSE","FULL REPORTING CLAUSE","LIMITATION OF DAMAGES CLAUSE","REOPENING CLAUSE","RETENTION CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"ATTRIBUTE CONTROL CHART","definition":"A chart showing the occurences in a process. It shows the stability of the job through samples.","related":["SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION CHART (S CHART)","QUALITY SCORE CHART (Q CHART)","DEMERIT CHART (D CHART)","AVERAGE CHART","NP CHART","PERCENT CHART","POINT AND FIGURE CHART","RUN CHART","ORGANIZATION CHART","RANGE CHART (R CHART)"]}
{"title":"AUDIT CYCLE","definition":"The time it takes for an accountant to audit.","related":["EXTERNAL AUDIT","LIMITED AUDIT","AUDIT PROGRAM","SITE AUDIT","TAX AUDIT","COMPLIANCE AUDIT","AUDIT SAMPLING","SECURITY AUDIT","VALUE FOR MONEY AUDIT","SHORT FORM AUDIT REPORT"]}
{"title":"AUDITOR’S ADVERSE OPINION","definition":"The written view an auditor produces about a company. It could misrepresenting themselves, not followig GAAP rules, or information is being held back.","related":["AUDITOR’S OPINION","AUDITOR’S DISCLAIMER OF OPINION","ADVERSE OPINION","AUDITOR’S QUALIFIED OPINION","QUALITY AUDITOR","QUALIFIED AUDITOR","EXCEPT-FOR-OPINION","UNQUALIFIED OPINION","MONOMORPHIC OPINION LEADERSHIP","SUBJECT TO OPINION"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTICATED COPY","definition":"A copy made of an authentic record. It must be notarized by a notary public.","related":["REFERENCE COPY","RECORD COPY","EXAMINED COPY","COPY","ADVANCE COPY","ADVERTISING COPY","SOFT COPY","CERTIFIED COPY","RECORDKEEPING COPY","VERIFIED COPY"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED PERSON","definition":"A party empowered to act in an office due to a contract.","related":["AUTHORIZED PRICE LIST","AUTHORIZED USER","AUTHORIZED BANK","AUTHORIZED CAPITAL","SHARES AUTHORIZED","AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY","AUTHORIZED SHARE CAPITAL","AUTHORIZED SETTLEMENT AGENT","AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR (AEO)","THIRD PERSON"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED BOND SYSTEM (ABS)","definition":"The New York Stock Exchange’s electronic trading system for bonds.","related":["BOND CROWD","AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE","BANKS AUTOMATED CLEARING SYSTEM (BACS)","ACTIVE BOND CROWD","RESET PAYMENT IN KIND (PIK) BOND","AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)","AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)","AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT (ACE)","AUTOMATED PURCHASE SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION","definition":"The way a machine can identify a container or item with capture technologies.","related":["AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE","TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN)","EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (EIN)","SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION METHOD","AUTOMATIC","IDENTIFICATION","AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL","AUTOMATIC PAYMENTS","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","AUTOMATIC STAY"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATICALLY","definition":"1. to use an automated system to perform a function. 2. to act without thinking. Like a reflex.","related":["ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA","LATERAL THINKING","COMPUTER PROGRAMMING","OPERATE","ACTIVE INGREDIENTS","COMPONENT","SOFTWARE MAINTAINABILITY","SITE ACTIVATION","OPERATOR","TECHNOLOGICAL EXTERNALITIES"]}
{"title":"AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) MODEL","definition":"When a moving average is used to predict performance. Different time series are used to get a clearer picture of how drastic a change can occur. It is used in determining value. Refer to box jenkins models.","related":["AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL","ARIMA MODEL","MOVING AVERAGE PRICE (MAP)","EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGE (EMA)","MOVING AVERAGE","MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY METHOD","MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY COST","AUTOREGRESSIVE (AR) PROCESS","ARMA MODEL","INTENSITY MODEL"]}
{"title":"AVALIZOR","definition":"When a third party becomes a guarantor to make sure a payment is made even if default occurs. It is more common in Europe than in the US.","related":["ACCOMMODATION BILL","ANCILLARY GUARANTY","FINANCIAL GUARANTEE","FORECLOSURE FILING","LENIENCY CLAUSE","BENEFICE DE DISCUSSION","SURETY BOND","REDUCTION CLAUSE","GUARANTY","ACCUMULATION PERIOD"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","definition":"POTENTIAL EXPOSURE of an OVERTHECOUNTER DERIVATIVE that is based on the average maturity of the transaction and the expected movement of the underlying market reference. See also AVERAGE WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE, TERMINAL EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE, TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE.","related":["AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","TERMINAL EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","AVERAGE EXPOSURE","TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE","FRACTIONAL EXPOSURE","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","TERMINAL EXPOSURE","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","EXPECTED CREDIT LOSS","ASYMMETRIC RISK EXPOSURE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE PRODUCT","definition":"The amout of product compared to the amount input to make it.","related":["MARGINAL VALUE PRODUCT","MARGINAL PRODUCT","PRODUCT MANAGEMENT","PRODUCT DATA MANAGEMENT (PDM)","NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT","PRODUCT WARRANTY COST","PRODUCT RANGE","PRODUCT SAMPLE","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD"]}
{"title":"AVIATION EXCLUSION","definition":"A clause stating that a party is not insured if they are not on a scheduled regular flight.","related":["EXCLUSION CLAUSE","GENERAL CRIME EXCLUSION","AVIATION HAZARD","AVIATION INSURANCE","AVIATION ACCIDENT INSURANCE","FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)","AVIATION-TRIP LIFE INSURANCE","EXCLUSION","EXCLUSION OF WITNESSES","SISTERSHIP EXCLUSION"]}
{"title":"ANALOG TO DIGITAL (AD) CONVERSION","definition":"This is needed for computers or data use over digital media. Digitizers and chips do the conversion.","related":["CONVERSION PARITY","CONVERSION RATIO","CONVERSION PRICE","CONVERSION PREMIUM","DIGITAL LIBRARY","RETROACTIVE CONVERSION","DIGITAL MEDIUM","DIGITAL FINGERPRINT","MEDIA CONVERSION","SYMMETRICAL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (SDSL)"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY REVENUE","definition":"Profits gotten from nonprimary products offered.","related":["GROSS REVENUE","TOTAL REVENUE TEST","ANCILLARY","ANCILLARY PROBATE","ANCILLARY TENANTS","ANCILLARY\nATTACHMENT","ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION","ANCILLARY PROCEEDING","ANCILLARY JURISDICTION","ANCILLARY SUIT"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL EARNINGS","definition":"The income a business earns in a year. Sometimes income is stated in daily, weekly, monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly reports. AKA yearly earnings.","related":["ANNUAL EARNINGS CHANGE","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","ANNUAL VALUE","AVERAGE EARNINGS CLAUSE","ANNUAL REPORT","QUALITY OF EARNINGS","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL STATEMENT","definition":"A financial statement given to the state insurance department by an insurer.","related":["ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","STATEMENT OF SOURCES AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS","CASH FLOW STATEMENT","STATEMENT OF OWNERS’ EQUITY","COMMON-SIZE FINANCIAL STATEMENT","ANNUAL POLICY","PRO FORMA STATEMENT","STATEMENT OF RESOURCES","VALUE ADDED STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","definition":"A promise on an annuity contract that a beneficiary gets the value of an annuity if the pwner passes away before payments run out.","related":["GUARANTEED DEATH BENEFIT","GUARANTEED EARNING INCREASE DEATH BENEFIT","ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","DEATH BENEFIT","ANNUITY CERTAIN","EXTENDED DEATH BENEFIT","DEATH BENEFIT ONLY PLAN","ADDITIONAL DEATH BENEFIT","VARIABLE DEATH BENEFIT","LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT OPTION"]}
{"title":"ANTICIPATORY BREACH","definition":"Denying a contract before it can be fulfilled. The party can be sued for the breach. The two types are express and implied. Implied takes the contract duties and gives it to another party. Express is a direct refusal.","related":["ANTICIPATORY BREACH OF CONTRACT","BREACH OF CONTRACT","ANTICIPATORY AVOIDANCE","ANTICIPATORY CREDIT","MATERIAL BREACH","ANTICIPATORY HEDGE","BREACH OF THE PEACE","BREACH OF DUTY","BREACH OF CONFIDENCE","BREACH"]}
{"title":"ANTIVIRUS (AV) SOFTWARE","definition":"A program that prevents computer viruses by monitoring data files downloaded. It detects strange behaviors in new data added or finds the signature of the virus and allers the user of it. The software blocks the action and an administator is alerted.","related":["DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE","SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION","SOFTWARE CODER","ELECTRONIC SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION","SOFTWARE LICENSE","PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE","SOFTWARE MAINTAINABILITY","SOFTWARE RELIABILITY","POINT OF SALE SOFTWARE","SHRINKWRAPPED SOFTWARE"]}
{"title":"APOSTILLE","definition":"Any international document that requires additional authentication. It can be anything from a school record to an adoption paper. It was done to reduce the amount of time taken on authentication between countries.","related":["APOSTILLE, APPOSTILLE","APPOSTILLE, OR APOSTILLE","UNITED NATIONS","PAPER SIZES","ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY (ESAF)","GLOBAL","PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT (PTA)","REMOTE AUTHENTICATION DIAL IN SERVICE (RADIUS)","LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE (LSE)","VERIFICATION"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT (APM)","definition":"The testing and monitoring of a companies computers and their software. It is used to fix problems and manage performance.","related":["PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT","BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT (BPM)","OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT (OPM)","ASSET PERFORMANCE","KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI)","PARTIAL PERFORMANCE","PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS","PERFORMANCE AUDIT","CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CMS)","TURNKEY APPLICATION"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL APPROACH","definition":"The way market value is estimated. The three approaches are the cost approach, the income approach, and the market comparison approach. AKA appraisal method.","related":["MARKET APPROACH","APPRAISAL VALUE","PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL","ADJUSTED NET INCOME APPROACH","CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS APPROACH","BUILDUP APPROACH","APPRAISAL FRAUD","APPRAISAL CLAUSE","QUALIFIED APPRAISAL","RATIONAL DECISION MAKING APPROACH"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIABILITY","definition":"When an item or skill can be learned or copied and can be reused elsewhere.","related":["RECYCLABLE MATERIAL","ERASABLE, PROGRAMMABLE, READ ONLY MEMORY (EPROM)","SOFT SKILL","RECYCLABILITY","PRUDENT RISK MANAGEMENT","RAIN CHECK","QUANTITY DEMANDED","EXPERTS","KNOWLEDGE-BASED PAY","REFRIGERATION"]}
{"title":"APPROXIMATELY","definition":"The state of being very close to an actual accurate answer in mathematics. Refer to about.","related":["CONTIGUOUS","EXTERNAL AUDIT","CLOSE, N","COMPLEXITY","CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS APPROACH","DAYCOUNT","FIRST DEGREE RELATIVE","ARRAIGN","SETTLEMENT PRICE","MARKET VALUE POLICY"]}
{"title":"ARC WELDING","definition":"Joining metals by heating the spaces between them and adding a filler metal.","related":["Labor Law","GAS WELDING","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","SPOT WELDING","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","ARC FURNACE"]}
{"title":"AREA CODE","definition":"The code in the US for telephone numbers. The first three numbers identify the general location a call is coming from or going to. The first digit must be a number from 2 to 9.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Labor Law","Torts (Selmi)","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ARM’SLENGTH TRANSACTION","definition":"How fair market value is determined. Two independent unrelated parties are looking out for their own interests not one anothers. There can be no involvement in interest that favors one party.","related":["ARM’SLENGTH PRINCIPLE","PURCHASE TRANSACTION","ARM IN ARM TRANSACTION","TRANSACTION ACCOUNT","UNDERLYING TRANSACTION","HIGHLY LEVERAGED TRANSACTION (HLT) LOAN","DISENFRANCHISING TRANSACTION","TRANSACTION SET","TRANSACTION VALUE","TRANSACTION"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL COLLECTION","definition":"Records collected and filed the way an archivist decides is best. It is a term compared with archival collection.","related":["ARCHIVAL COLLECTION","COLLECTION LETTER","COLLECTION ACCOUNT","CLEAN COLLECTION","COLLECTION RATIO","COLLECTION COMMISSION","COLLECTION PROCEDURE","ENDORSEMENT FOR COLLECTION","COLLECTION DOCUMENT","COLLECTION PERIOD RATIO"]}
{"title":"ASCENDING TREND CHANNEL","definition":"A trend that goes upward that connects a downward waves bottoms. The lines are parallel typically.","related":["TREND PATTERN","ASCENDING TOP","SECULAR TREND","TREND LINE","TREND CONTROL CHART","ASCENDING ORDER","ASCENDING TRIANGLE","B CHANNEL","CHANNEL","NATURAL CHANNEL"]}
{"title":"ASK SIZE","definition":"The amount of shares for sale at the current quote price. Typically its 100 units. Refer to ask and best ask. Compare this term to the term bid size.","related":["STOCK QUOTE","POST-MONEY VALUATION","MARKET CAPITALIZATION (MARKET CAP)","CLOSED-END MUTUAL FUND","BUY THE BOOK","SELL SHORT","FLASH PRICE","NOMINAL QUOTE","REVERSE STOCK SPLIT","STRADDLE"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TAX","definition":"The tax receiver can assess the liability and get the assessed amount from the tax payer.","related":["ASSESSMENT RATIO","SELF-ASSESSMENT","OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT","EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT","ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES","LOSS ASSESSMENT CHARGE","ASSESSMENT","DAMAGE ASSESSMENT","VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSET LIQUIDITY RISK","definition":"The RISK of loss arising from an inability to sell or pledge ASSETS at, or near, their carrying value when needed; a subcategory of LIQUIDITY RISK. See also ASSET FUNDING LIQUIDITY RISK, ENDOGENOUS LIQUIDITY RISK, EXOGENOUS LIQUIDITY RISK, FUNDINGLIQUIDITY RISK.","related":["FUNDING LIQUIDITY RISK","ASSET COVERAGE","EXOGENOUS LIQUIDITY","ENDOGENOUS LIQUIDITY","LIQUIDITY RISK","SECURITIES LIQUIDITY RISK","CONVERTIBILITY RISK","RISK ASSET","CONCENTRATION RISK","CORRELATION RISK"]}
{"title":"AEROSOL","definition":"Super fine liqid drops like fogs and smoke. They can be naturally occuring or man made. Climate changes can occur as well. Or a dispenser of products that cannot be refilled. A metal can can hold any number of possible agents that are sprayed.","related":["BIOCHEMICALS","RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION INSURANCE","RADON","BIOTECHNOLOGY","RADIOISOTOPE","EVENT DRIVEN INVESTING","BUYING AGENT","GUARANTEED PRICE","ELECTROPLATING","PERCHLORATE"]}
{"title":"AFFINE PRICING","definition":"When a price has an initial charge with per unit cost added to it.","related":["FULL COST PRICING","AFFINE FUNCTION","DEMAND-BASED PRICING","GLOBAL PRICING CONTRACT","PROFIT PRICING","MARKUP PRICING","PRICING","FUNDS TRANSFER PRICING (FTP)","PRICING ARRANGEMENT","PRICING POLICY"]}
{"title":"AFTER TAX RETURN ON ASSETS","definition":"A calculation that represents net income as percentage of assets. It shows how well a company can manage its resources.","related":["PRE-TAX RETURN ON ASSETS","RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA)","RETURN ON NET ASSETS (RONA)","RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS","RETURN ON ASSETS MANAGED (ROAM)","LOSS ON SALE OF ASSETS","TOTAL ASSETS TO SALES RATIO","FIXED ASSETS","AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS","NET OPERATING ASSETS"]}
{"title":"AGAINST THE BOX","definition":"When a holder in long position sells the very same stock from the company.","related":["NOMINEE SHAREHOLDER","CASH COST","JOBBER","WATERED STOCK","MERGER DEFICIT","ALPHABET STOCK","PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY","EXECUTIVE SUCCESSION PLAN","DAY TRADER","SHAREHOLDER OF RECORD"]}
{"title":"AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL","definition":"When an agent is appointed but not officially. AKA presumption of agency. Refer to partnership by estoppel.","related":["PARTNERSHIP BY ESTOPPEL","MUTUAL AGENCY","COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL","AGENCY COST","AGENCY IN FACT","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","AGENCY RISK","QUASI ESTOPPEL","ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE","OSTENSIBLE AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AGENCY THEORY","definition":"Studying the broker client relationship. It helps get good incentives for both parties. It also reduces disagreements between the two parties.","related":["EXCLUSIVE AGENCY AGREEMENT","ADVERTISING AGENCY","AGENCY COST VIEW","SUBJECTIVE THEORY OF CONTRACT","CONTRACT THEORY","RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY (RCT)","OBJECTIVE THEORY OF CONTRACT","AGENCY","AGENCY RISK","INTERVENING AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE INCOME","definition":"All incomes in the economy without inflation or taxes. Or combining a married couples incomes for joint taxes.","related":["AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE DEMAND","LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY","FIXED INCOME INVESTMENT","PRE-TAX INCOME","AGGREGATE","AGGREGATE PLANNING","AGGREGATE LIMITS","AGGREGATE CORPORATION","AGGREGATE LIABILITY"]}
{"title":"AGILE PRODUCT","definition":"A company that gives many chances for upgrades. It makes more revenue over just a few products. Refer to augmented products.","related":["AGILE MANUFACTURING","AUGMENTED PRODUCT","AGILE ENTERPRISE","PRODUCT PLACEMENT","PRODUCT FAMILY","PRODUCT MIX","PRODUCT SAFETY STANDARDS","PRODUCT RECALL INSURANCE","PRODUCT ADAPTATION","PLATFORM PRODUCT"]}
{"title":"AIDA SELLING SYSTEM","definition":"Stands for Attention Interest Desire and Action. It is used to train employees. The employee must make a customer aware of the product, nurture interest shown, push the product, and encourge the buying of the product in question.","related":["SELLING CONCEPT","SELECTIVE SELLING","SELLING SHORT","SELLING","SELLING COSTS","PARTY SELLING","ADAPTIVE SELLING","PERSONAL SELLING","HEALTH INSURANCE EXPENSES FOR DELIVERY, SELLING, ADMINISTRATION, AND WAREHOUSE","HARD SELLING"]}
{"title":"AIR RIGHTS","definition":"The right to control the air space on your property. Reasonable use by neighbors or an aircraft is allowed. It can be bought, leased, sold, and transferred like with any rights.","related":["PROPERTY RIGHTS","RIGHTS ISSUE","PRIVATE RIGHTS","BUNDLE-OF-RIGHTS THEORY","SUBSURFACE RIGHTS","MINERAL RIGHTS","SURFACE RIGHTS","DRAG ALONG RIGHTS","FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES","BUNDLE OF RIGHTS"]}
{"title":"AIRPORT TO AIRPORT","definition":"When freight goes from one airport to another. Delivery and pick up is not included on this.","related":["AIRPORT TRANSFER","AIRPORT ACCESS FEE","AIRPORT REVENUE BOND","AIRPORT TAX","AIRPORT","FREE ON BOARD (FOB)","DEPOT","FORWARD FREIGHT AGREEMENT","DEAD FREIGHT","CARGO"]}
{"title":"ALIQUOT","definition":"A part of a whole numerically. This is a fraction.","related":["ALIQUOT LIABILITY","ALIQUOT PART RULE","FIRST-CLASS","FRACTIO","BILLIONTH","PERCENTAGE","PERCENT","BUNKER FUEL","SURPLUS REINSURANCE","REALIZATION FACTOR"]}
{"title":"ALL SUITE HOTEL","definition":"A room that has a kitchen and living room as well as the common bedroom and bathroom.","related":["JUNIOR SUITE","EN SUITE","SUITE","DROIT DE SUITE","HOTEL","APARTMENT HOTEL","BOUTIQUE HOTEL","CONDO HOTEL","CAPSULE HOTEL","FULL SERVICE HOTEL"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATION BASE","definition":"Spreading resources in a company that complies with overhead costs. When resources increase or decrease so will overhead.","related":["SINGLE ALLOCATION BASE APPROACH","ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES","MOBILIZATION BASE","ACTIVITY BASE","ALLOCATION","CAPITAL ALLOCATION","TAX ALLOCATION WITHIN A PERIOD","ASSET ALLOCATION","BASE PREMIUM","BENEFIT ALLOCATION METHOD"]}
{"title":"ALPHA TEST","definition":"Testing done in company of a model. It establishes flaws to come or deficiencies. Refer to beta test.","related":["BETA TEST","ALPHA","COMPLIANCE TEST","MULLEN BURST TEST","LITERACY TEST","READERSHIP TEST","TEST SEQUENCE","PERCENTAGE TEST","QUALIFICATION TEST","CLEAR BUSINESS SETTING TEST"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT","definition":"When a trainee must make their own answer to a problem. This removes the simple multiple choice options.","related":["CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT","ALTERNATIVE","ALTERNATIVE ORDER","ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION","ALTERNATIVE WRIT","ALTERNATIVE DOCUMENTATION","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX (AMT)","ALTERNATIVE TARIFF","ALTERNATIVE MEDIA"]}
{"title":"ALTMAN ZSCORE","definition":"Edward Altman’s way to file bankruptcy. It measures how well a party can pay debts and prevent insolvency.","related":["CONTEMPLATION OF BANKRUPTCY","INSOLVENCY","INSOLVENT","CHAPTER 15","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","LIQUIDATING PARTNER","FREE CAPITAL RATIO","CONCILIUM REGIS","PROPRIETARY ESTOPPEL","GUARANTY FUNDS"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)","definition":"A government agency that controls work exposure for chemicals and other agents. The limits are followed world wide.","related":["AMERICAN BUSINESS CONFERENCE (ABC)","AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR-CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFL-CIO)","AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFLCIO)","GOVERNMENT-OPERATED NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (GONGO)","GOVERNMENTAL IMMUNITY","QUASI-AUTONOMOUS NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (QANGO)","GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY","GOVERNMENTAL","GENERAL AGENTS AND MANAGERS CONFERENCE","NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO)"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN PLAN","definition":"A room rate at a hotel that includes meals. Refer to en pension rate.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Evidence 2","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","EN PENSION RATE"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","definition":"Reducing the payment amount on a loan with each payment. A percent of each payment goes on prinicipal.","related":["AMORTIZATION OF BOND PREMIUM","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION TABLE","LEVEL PAYMENT AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","AMORTIZATION CALCULATOR","NOTE AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","AMORTIZATION TERM","MORTGAGE AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC FISCAL STABILIZERS","definition":"An instrument that helps keep economic changes more stable. The government does not get involved. AKA automatic stabilizers or builtin stabilizers.","related":["FISCAL DRAG","FISCAL POLICY","AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING","FISCAL STANCE","FISCAL CAPACITY","FISCAL IMBALANCE","FISCAL BALANCE","FISCAL EFFORT","AUTOMATIC COVERAGE"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL","definition":"When an investor gets payments periodically from their gains income.","related":["WITHDRAWAL PLAN","AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN","WITHDRAWAL","WITHDRAWAL OF CHARGES","NOTICE OF WITHDRAWAL","AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC REINVESTMENT PLAN","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","AUTOMATIC","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION"]}
{"title":"AUTOREGRESSIVE (AR) PROCESS","definition":"When future value is decided based on the past performance in a time series.","related":["AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) MODEL","AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL","MARKOV PROCESS","PROCESS CONTROL","PROCESS OWNER","PROCESS MANAGEMENT","PROCESS MAPPING","RATING PROCESS","HACCP PROCESS","PROCESS COST SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE TO PROMISE","definition":"The inventory that is available for orders. Refer to capacity available to promise.","related":["CAPABLE TO PROMISE","BREACH OF PROMISE","ILLUSORY PROMISE","BRAND PROMISE","PROMISE","PROMISE TO PAY","EVERGREEN PROMISE","CAPACITY AVAILABLE TO PROMISE","BACKFLUSHING","ENGINEERED CAPACITY"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE EARNINGS CLAUSE","definition":"If monthly income is more than the average earnings the disability payment for that time is lowered. It is only done for the first two years.","related":["GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","ANNUAL EARNINGS","NORMALIZED EARNINGS","EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","RETAINED EARNINGS","ANNUAL EARNINGS CHANGE","CAPITALIZATION OF EARNINGS","PROSPECTIVE EARNINGS","BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","REDUCTION CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE PRICE PER SHARE","definition":"The way cost is decided using cost of shares and the numbe of them that are held. Refer to average down and average up.","related":["AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","MOVING AVERAGE PRICE (MAP)","SHARE FOR SHARE OFFER","AVERAGE UP","EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE","AVERAGE DOWN","SHARE REPURCHASE","WEIGHTED AVERAGE COUPON (WAC)","WEIGHTED AVERAGE MATURITY (WAM)"]}
{"title":"AVIATION ACCIDENT INSURANCE","definition":"Coverage for airline passengers and pilots.","related":["AVIATION INSURANCE","AVIATION-TRIP LIFE INSURANCE","TRAVEL ACCIDENT INSURANCE","ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS INSURANCE ACT","AVIATION EXCLUSION","AVIATION HAZARD","FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)","ACCIDENT","PURE ACCIDENT","UNAVOIDABLE ACCIDENT"]}
{"title":"AWAY FROM THE MARKET ORDER","definition":"When a buy order is lower and the sell order is higher than the current market value.","related":["MARKET ORDER","MARKET IF TOUCHED ORDER","MARKET ON OPEN ORDER","MARKET ON CLOSE ORDER","MARKET NOT HELD ORDER","ORDER-DRIVEN MARKET","AWAY FROM THE MARKET","LIMIT ORDER","MARKET CAPITALIZATION (MARKET CAP)","BUY LIMIT ORDER"]}
{"title":"ADDITIVE ALTERNATE BID","definition":"A bid adds more to the quoted price if a change to the work is accepted.","related":["ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS","ALTERNATE","ALTERNATE BID","ADDITIVE","ADDITIVE EFFECT","ADDITIVE COLORS","FOOD ADDITIVE","ALTERNATE BENEFICIARY","ALTERNATE DIRECTOR","LEGACY ALTERNATE"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE EVIDENCE","definition":"Legally recognized proof that an event occured or that something has been left out that is important.","related":["ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","ADEQUATE SAMPLE","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE COVERAGE","ADEQUATE COMPETITION","ADEQUATE REMEDY","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE REMEDY AT LAW"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE FUND","definition":"A fund investing in an adjustable rate mortgage security. They make more income when interest rates go up.","related":["ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE (ARM)","ADJUSTABLE MORTGAGE LOAN (AML)","ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED STOCK","ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED (ARP) STOCK","VARIABLE RATE MORTGAGE (VRM)","MORTGAGE PAR RATE","PRIME RATE FUND","RENEGOTIABLE RATE MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE RATE","LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATE (LIBOR)"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENT BOND","definition":"Bonds that are issued and recapitalized when a firm is failing and ready to declare bankruptcy replacing existing bonds held by shareholders.","related":["ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT","SAMURAI BOND","ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE","SECURE BOND","GOVERNMENT BOND","LABOR AND MATERIAL PAYMENT BOND","GLOBAL BOND","MORTGAGE-BACKED REVENUE BOND","SERIAL BOND","BOND RATING AGENCIES"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE COST","definition":"The cost of managing an organization that is not connected to finance, marketing, or production.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE HIERARCHY","ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET","ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION","GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE (G\u0026A)","GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LEVERAGE","MATERIAL COST","MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION","ACQUISITION COST"]}
{"title":"ADMISSIONS","definition":"Allowing another party to enter an agreement. Or acknowledging the truth of a statement of evidence.","related":["STATE OF FACTS","ADMISSION","EXCEPTION CLAUSE","RECOGNIZE","VERIFICATION","LOAN RECEIPT AGREEMENT","LETTER OF INDEMNITY","PREEMPTION RIGHT","ADDUCE","OATH"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE PAYMENT BOND","definition":"A promise regargind advance payment. If the loss does not occur the money is returned. AKA advance payment guarantee.","related":["ADVANCE PAYMENT","PAYMENT BOND","LABOR AND MATERIAL PAYMENT BOND","RESET PAYMENT IN KIND (PIK) BOND","ADVANCE/DECLINE LINE (A/D OR AD)","ADVANCE AGAINST COLLECTION","PAYMENT","ADVANCE PURCHASE FARE","PAYMENT UNDER RESERVE","ADVANCE-DECLINE"]}
{"title":"ADVENTURE CAPITALIST","definition":"A business person who steps in to help another business. They are involved in many of the day to day transactions.","related":["VENTURE CAPITALIST","CAPITALIST","VULTURE CAPITALIST","AVENTURE, OR ADVENTURE","BILL OF ADVENTURE","ADVENTURE, BILL OF","ADVENTURE","JOINT ADVENTURE","GROSS ADVENTURE","BILL OF GROSS ADVENTURE"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING AGENCY","definition":"A firm that creates, designs, plans, surveys, and basically helps a company advertise their services or products. They are not agents of the company that hires them but work in their own interest.","related":["SEARCH ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING NETWORKS","BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS AGENCY (B2B AGENCY)","PARASITIC ADVERTISING","BLANKET ADVERTISING CONTRACT","AMERICAN AGENCY SYSTEM","AGENCY CAPTIVE","SALES AGENCY","RECIPROCAL ADVERTISING","GENERAL AGENCY SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING MESSAGE","definition":"The point of the ad that the customer should get through words or pictures.","related":["Payment Systems","Evidence 2","First Amendment","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","MESSAGE FROM THE CROWN","MESSAGE","PROMOTIONAL MESSAGE"]}
{"title":"ADVICE OF FATE","definition":"A receipt of a collecting bank even if the debt is not paid.","related":["ADVICE OF ACCEPTANCE","ENVIRONMENTAL FATE","ADVICE FOR ADVISING BANK","ADVICE OF CREDIT","ADVICE","ADVICE NOTE","ADVICE FOR BENEFICIARY","ADVICE OF SHIPMENT","LETTER OF ADVICE","INDEPENDENT ADVICE"]}
{"title":"ADVISORY SERVICES","definition":"Services a CPA can do to consult with businesses. Fees are paid based on services rendered. It can also be a percent of assets as well.","related":["ADVISORY AND ASSISTANCE SERVICES","ADVISORY MANAGEMENT","PROFESSIONAL SERVICES","NO-ADDITIONAL-COST SERVICES","ADVISORY","QUARTERLY SERVICES SURVEY","ADVISORY OPINION","ADVISORY CIRCULAR","ADVISORY CAPACITY","ADVISORY JURY"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE INDUSTRIAL WAGE","definition":"1. A party given access to make security, financial, and operations decisions. 2. the hourly rate an employee is paid. Farmers do not pay this way. This becomes the benchmark pay per hour.","related":["DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE (DJIA)","AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE","STATEWIDE AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE","MINIMUM WAGE","PREVAILING WAGE","MINIMUM WAGE LAWS","INDUSTRIAL PAPER","AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFLCIO)","EURO OVERNIGHT INDEX AVERAGE (EONIA)","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE SETTLEMENT PERIOD","definition":"The time a company takes to pay creditors. This term also applies to debtors. The sales, days, and creditors are used to get this amount.","related":["AVERAGE PAYMENT PERIOD","AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","COLLECTION PERIOD","COLLECTION PERIOD RATIO","BREAKEVEN PERIOD","LOOKBACK PERIOD","WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD","FULL SETTLEMENT","CONTRACT PERIOD"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONAL INSURED","definition":"When a policy covers more than one insured party. They are added by signing or being referred to in the defintion.","related":["Additional Interest Insured","SELF-INSURED RETENTION (SIR)","Continuously Insured","ADDITIONAL PERILS","Second Named Insured","NAMED INSURED","OVER INSURED","ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSE INSURANCE","SELF-INSURED","INSURED"]}
{"title":"ADD-ON INTEREST","definition":"The interest that must be paid on an add on loan.","related":["NOMINAL RATE OF INTEREST","ACCRUED INTEREST","MORTGAGE INTEREST","EFFECTIVE RATE OF INTEREST","VARIABLE INTEREST RATE","BEAR INTEREST","CASH INTEREST","LEGAL RATE OF INTEREST","FORWARD INTEREST RATE","MARINE INTEREST"]}
{"title":"ADHESIVE","definition":"A synthetic bonding agent to attach two surfaces. One that is made from animal or plant substances is ‘glue.’","related":["SOAP","CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS","OXYGEN DEMANDING MATERIAL","PRECIPITIN TEST","CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON (CHC)","ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS","DRUG","UN RECOMMENDATIONS","CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS","NOXA"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTED BOOK VALUE METHOD","definition":"The value of an ongoing business concern that adjusts value of assets and liabilities in the market. AKA adjusted net asset method.","related":["ADJUSTED NET INCOME APPROACH","ADAPTIVE CONTROL METHOD","BOOK VALUE (BV)","OPTION-ADJUSTED CONVEXITY","SEASONALLY ADJUSTED DATA","MODIFIED ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME","AFFORDABLE METHOD","OPEN BOOK","FAIR BOOK VALUE","BOOK VALUE PER SHARE"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENTS","definition":"Altering the national budget per the government considering the present and future expected world economy to balance payments by manipulating funds between different factions within the nation and foreign exchange firms.","related":["Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Labor Law","Evidence 2","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE","definition":"An office that is responsible for managing international or regional transactions. They are in foreign countries and have a more favorable tax rate.","related":["Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts"]}
{"title":"ADSL","definition":"Refer to asymmetrical digital subscriber line.","related":["ASYMMETRICAL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (ADSL)","SYMMETRICAL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (SDSL)","BROADBAND DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (BDSL)","HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE VERSION 2 (HDSL-2)","VERY HIGH RATE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (VDSL)","REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY","DEDICATED LINE","DIGERATI","AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE","DIGITAL FINGERPRINT"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE REFUNDING","definition":"An exchange of outstanding GOVERNMENT BONDS for a NEW ISSUE of securities prior to final maturity of the original issue, typically arranged to take advantage of a lower INTEREST RATE environment.","related":["NET ADVANTAGE OF REFUNDING","REFUNDING","REFUNDING BONDS","ADVANCE OPTION","ADVANCE SETTLEMENT","ADVANCE PREMIUM","ADVANCE PURCHASE FARE","ADVANCE DIRECTIVE","REFUNDING PROTECTION","ADVANCE COPY"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE DEVELOPMENT COVER","definition":"A FINITE INSURANCE CONTRACT where the INSURED shifts the timing of losses that have already occurred, as well as those that have been INCURRED BUT NOT YET REPORTED, to the INSURER. In exchange for a PREMIUM the insurer assumes losses in excess of the insured","related":["RETROSPECTIVE AGGREGATE LOSS COVER","LOSS DEVELOPMENT FACTOR","ADVERSE FINANCIAL SELECTION","DIVIDED COVER","LOSS DEVELOPMENT","DIRECTOR AND OFFICER (D\u0026O) INSURANCE COVER","ADVERSE SELECTION","DEFECTIVE DESIGN COVER","FORWARD COVER","DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING AWARENESS","definition":"The amount of attention an ad gets from its target audience.","related":["AWARENESS","ADVERTISING BRIEF","ADVERTISING EFFICIENCY","BRAND AWARENESS","CONSUMER AWARENESS","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING COPY","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","ADVERTISING ELASTICITY OF DEMAND","PIONEER ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING RESEARCH","definition":"A survey to test an ad before releasing it officially.","related":["FORRESTER RESEARCH CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE INDEX (CXPI)","MEDIA RESEARCH","TECHNICAL RESEARCH","RESEARCH","SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R\u0026D)","PRIMARY RESEARCH","FIELD RESEARCH","EXPLORATORY RESEARCH","DESK RESEARCH"]}
{"title":"ADVISING BANK","definition":"A third party bank that gets notes of letters of credit to simply verify them, accept bills, sign bills, and pay. AKA adviser bank or nominated bank.","related":["ADVICE FOR ADVISING BANK","BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","BANK","PAYER BANK","NEGOTIATING BANK","BANK OF ISSUE","CONFIRMING BANK","ACCEPTING BANK","NOTIFYING BANK","EXPORT IMPORT BANK (EXIM BANK)"]}
{"title":"AESTHETIC","definition":"A beautiful image or element. It usually has darwinistic symmetry.","related":["DISFIGUREMENT","RASTER GRAPHICS","ABIOTIC","OFFSET PRINTING","COLOR BALANCE","WILL","RASTERIZE","ASSETLED MARKETING","PRINTING PLATE","CHROMIUM"]}
{"title":"AFFINITY CARD","definition":"A credit card that an organization promotes. A percentage is paid to the promoter in commission.","related":["PREPAID CREDIT CARD","CARD NOT PRESENT","AFFINITY GROUP","DEBIT CARD","CARD RECOVERY BULLETIN","GIFT CARD","BANK CARD","CARD PRESENT","SMART CARD","AFFINITY"]}
{"title":"AFTER TAX RETURN ON SALES","definition":"A calculation of after tax profits for a firm.","related":["RETURN ON SALES (ROS)","SALES RETURN","SALES RETURN AND ALLOWANCES","OPERATING CASH FLOW TO SALES RATIO","AFTER TAX RETURN ON ASSETS","PRICE TO SALES (PS) RATIO","TRAILING RETURN","RISKADJUSTED RETURN ON CAPITAL (RAROC)","RETURN ON CAPITAL (ROC)","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)"]}
{"title":"AGATE","definition":"The size of advertising space. For print its 5.14 points equalling 1.81 mm. Refer to milline rate.","related":["MEDIA BUYER","RECALL TEST","PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN","RUN OF PRESS (ROP) COLOR","MINI-WAREHOUSE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP","AGENCY OF RECORD","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","AIR SPACE","FORWARD POINTS","MEDIA VEHICLE"]}
{"title":"AGENCY BY NECESSITY","definition":"When one party makes decisions for another. It is because the other party cannot make the decisions.","related":["AGENCY OF NECESSITY","NECESSITY","PHYSICAL NECESSITY","PUBLIC NECESSITY","BUSINESS NECESSITY","CONVENIENCE AND NECESSITY","FLAGRANT NECESSITY","AGENCY","AGENCY CAPTIVE","APPARENT AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AMTRAK","definition":"A train service started in 1971 that is operated by the national railroad passenger corporation. It was needed after a decline in passenger train services. Its regulated by the government. It is in 48 states.","related":["FEDERAL","PRICE CONTROL","NATIONAL INSURANCE","DROVER’S PASS","AGENCY SECURITY","POST OFFICE","GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISE (GSE)","TRADING; CORPORATIONS","COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION (CCC)","BAGGAGE"]}
{"title":"ANCHOR TENANT","definition":"The first shopping center that attracts others and the customers associated with them. The rent is lower for this tenant.","related":["TENANT SOLE","TENANT IN SEVERALTY","UNDER-TENANT","ANCHOR","ANCHOR WATCH","VERY LORD AND VERY TENANT","TENANT IMPROVEMENTS (TI)","TENANT’S POLICY","TENANT FOR LIFE","TENANT’S USABLE SQUARE FEET"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL BASIS","definition":"The mathematical way to convert a companies figures that are shorter or more than a year.","related":["ANNUAL","ANNUAL VALUE","EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","BASIS","ANNUAL USAGE VALUE","ANNUAL TURNOVER","ANNUAL BUDGET","ANNUAL SALES CHANGE","ANNUAL DEBT SERVICE","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL PERCENTAGE YIELD (APY)","definition":"The way compounded interest is quoted on an investment. It assumes a 365 day period.","related":["ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE (APR)","AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD","EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","NOMINAL ANNUAL RATE","YIELD TO MATURITY (YTM)","TAX-EQUIVALENT YIELD","EFFECTIVE YIELD","HOLDING PERIOD RETURN/YIELD","DIVIDEND YIELD","BOND YIELD"]}
{"title":"ANNUITIZE","definition":"1. converting the value in an annuity into payments periodically made. 2. to start to get payments periodically from an acuity contract.","related":["ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","ANNUITY CONTRACT","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","ANNUITY CERTAIN","TAX DEFERRED ANNUITY","GUARANTEED DEATH BENEFIT","CASH REFUND ANNUITY","REFUND ANNUITY","ANNUITY","DEFERRED GROUP ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANSOFF MATRIX","definition":"The marketing plan that links strategy with its direction in four directions. The market is penetrated and developed. Than a product is developed and diversified.","related":["PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX","MATRIX ORGANIZATION","MATRIX MANAGEMENT","PORTFOLIO PLANNING MATRIX","MARKETING STRATEGY","MATRIX","DECISION MATRIX","ACCOUNTABILITY MATRIX","MATRIX ECCLESIA","MATRIX DIAGRAM"]}
{"title":"ANTIMONEY LAUNDERING SOFTWARE","definition":"Computer programs that watch statements for money laundering practices. There are three types of such programs.","related":["CERTIFIED ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SPECIALIST (CAMS)","MONEY LAUNDERING","SOFTWARE","SOFTWARE CODER","ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE","SYSTEMS SOFTWARE","LAUNDERING","SOFTWARE TESTER","SOFTWARE RELIABILITY","SOFTWARE MAINTAINABILITY"]}
{"title":"APARTMENT BUILDING","definition":"A building that several people live in with a common entrance and hallway. Shops may be located on the ground floor.","related":["SICK BUILDING SYNDROME","COOPERATIVE APARTMENT","BUILDING CONTROL","BUILDING RESIDUAL METHOD","SPECIAL BUILDING FORM","COMMERCIAL BUILDING","APARTMENT","BUILDING LOAN","BUILDING DENIAL","BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETY"]}
{"title":"APPLICABLE LAW","definition":"A decision or order that decides the standing of a case.","related":["APPLICABLE CONVENTION","APPLICABLE","APPLICABLE RATE","APPLICABLE LOCAL LAW","NON OBSTANTE VEREDICTO","INTERLOCUTORY","ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK (ECN)","EXERCISE OF JUDICIAL DISCRETION","RULE GENERAL","ENTREPRENEUR"]}
{"title":"APPLIED RESEARCH","definition":"Any investigation used to decide if a new technology could be developed. It solves an issue to answer the questions involved in it. The cost is commonly written off.","related":["APPLIED COST","APPLIED OVERHEAD","VARIABLE MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD APPLIED","BASIC RESEARCH","RESEARCH PROPOSAL","CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RESEARCH","RESEARCH","QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH","MARKET RESEARCH","ADVERTISING RESEARCH"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL REPORT","definition":"1. a written estimate of damages and repair cost that an appraiser suggests. 2. an estimate of the property value that an appraiser suggests.","related":["APPRAISAL","APPRAISAL VALUE","QUALIFIED APPRAISAL","APPRAISAL FEE","APPRAISAL DATE","APPRAISAL CLAUSE","APPRAISAL CAPITAL","APPRAISAL APPROACH","UNIFORM STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL APPRAISAL PRACTICE (USPAP)","SELF-APPRAISAL"]}
{"title":"APPROVED BRAND OR EQUIVALENT SPECIFICATION","definition":"A bid for a brand or model of item whose quality standards are met. Other brands may be substituted if they fit the quality standards. AKA qualified product specification.","related":["BRAND NAME SPECIFICATION","MULTI-BRAND STRATEGY","BRAND PIRACY","BRAND STRATEGY","BRAND MANAGEMENT","BRAND PREFERENCE","MASTER BRAND","BRAND LICENSING","STANDARD SPECIFICATION","FLANKER BRAND"]}
{"title":"ARBITRAGE CERTIFICATE","definition":"A proof that a firm is following provisions for local tax regimen.","related":["ARBITRAGE BOND","ARBITRAGE COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION","ARBITRAGE","MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENT CERTIFICATE","LONG ARBITRAGE","INDEX ARBITRAGE","PURE ARBITRAGE","QUASI ARBITRAGE","REGULATORY ARBITRAGE","TAX CERTIFICATE"]}
{"title":"AGENDA","definition":"The order of items discussed in a meeting. The topics must be listed, past knowledge must be heard, and the outcome must be guessed.","related":["ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM)","ABC ANALYSIS","MULTIEMPLOYER BARGAINING","SPECIAL MEETING","ABSTRACT OF TITLE","ENCLOSURES","BOARD MEETING","LEVATO VELO","EXPECTED VALUE","REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI)"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE INDEMNITY","definition":"The total INSURANCE coverage an INSURED has against a specific RISK, generally a combination of a primary policy and one or more secondary policies.","related":["CONTRACT OF INDEMNITY","MULTIPLE INDEMNITY","AGGREGATE LIABILITY","RETROSPECTIVE AGGREGATE LOSS COVER","AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","AGGREGATE DEMAND","LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY","HOSPITAL INDEMNITY","AGGREGATE PRODUCT LIABILITY LIMIT","PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AGING","definition":"The slow process that changes physical agencies for either the better or the worse.","related":["AGING SCHEDULE","AGING DEGRADATION","AGING OF ACCOUNTS","AGING RECEIVABLES","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","CASH SETTLEMENT","EXACERBATE","METABOLISM","SLOWDOWN"]}
{"title":"AIDED RECALL","definition":"Testing ads for their memorability. A subject is shown an ad and asked what they remembe about it. They are also asked if they saw it before.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"AIR SPACE","definition":"1. space above property included in the properties title. Refer to air rights. 2. the space above any state that is under its jurisdiction.","related":["Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"AIRPORT TRANSFER","definition":"A drop off or pick up sevice that a hotel or tour offers airport customers.","related":["AIRPORT TO AIRPORT","AIRPORT ACCESS FEE","AIRPORT REVENUE BOND","AIRPORT TAX","AIRPORT","TRANSFER TAX","TRANSFER","TRANSFER, v","TRANSFER, n","TRANSFER OF A CAUSE"]}
{"title":"ALIQUOT LIABILITY","definition":"When liability is assumed in parts not taken by one company.","related":["ALIQUOT","ALIQUOT PART RULE","LIMITED LIABILITY","INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY","ABSOLUTE LIABILITY","NON-LIABILITY","LIMITATION OF LIABILITY","MARKET SHARE LIABILITY","UNLIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY","BUSINESS LIABILITY"]}
{"title":"ALL THE TRAFFIC WILL BEAR","definition":"An excessive charge that is still within the customers pay range. This makes the price as high as is possible without going past a predetermined limit.","related":["BEAR HUG","BEAR TRAP","BEAR SQUEEZE","BEAR SPREAD","FOOT TRAFFIC","BEAR","BEAR STEARNS","BEAR INTEREST","BEAR ARMS","RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS"]}
{"title":"ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE","definition":"The measurement of 14.7 PSI, 101330 pascals, 29.92 inches, 1013.25 mb, and 1.03 atmosphere. AKA barometric pressure.","related":["ABSOLUTE PRESSURE","STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (STP)","PRESSURE HEAD","NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP)","PRESSURE TREATED LUMBER","PRESSURE GROUP","PRESSURE","MARGIN PRESSURE","VAPOR PRESSURE","HIGH-PRESSURE TACTICS"]}
{"title":"ATTHEMONEY OPTION","definition":"An option whose price is close to or equal to the current unerlying assets price. Refer to in the money option and out of the money option.","related":["ATTHEMONEY FORWARD OPTION","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","AT-EXPIRY OPTION","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","BASKET OPTION","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","SPREAD OPTION"]}
{"title":"ATTRIBUTION RULES","definition":"How canada prevents investors from skipping out on taxes. Transfering assets to poorer family members is forbidden.","related":["ATTRIBUTION","ATTRIBUTION THEORY","EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION","FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR","HAGUE RULES","PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS RULES","RULES","HAMBURG RULES","GROUND RULES","RULES OF PROCEDURE"]}
{"title":"AUDIT OPINION","definition":"An independent opinion rendered by a company","related":["PER CURIAM OPINION","AUDITOR’S QUALIFIED OPINION","ADVERSE OPINION","AUDITOR’S DISCLAIMER OF OPINION","FAIRNESS OPINION","AUDITOR’S OPINION","CONCURRING OPINION","OPINION DISSENTING","CONSIDERED OPINION","OPINION OF TITLE"]}
{"title":"AUDITOR’S QUALIFIED OPINION","definition":"An indepenent auditors opinion on a report. It states that auditing was done with restrictions or no restrictions. It suggests that the company has either hidden information or not kept good records and the position of the company cannot be accurately det","related":["AUDITOR’S DISCLAIMER OF OPINION","AUDITOR’S OPINION","AUDITOR’S ADVERSE OPINION","QUALIFIED AUDITOR","QUALIFIED OPINION","AUDITOR’S REPORT","MONOMORPHIC OPINION LEADERSHIP","AUDIT OPINION","ADVERSE OPINION","FAIRNESS OPINION"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTICITY","definition":"The validity of a document or record. The document is kept in original form with no tampering.","related":["CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY","REASONABLE CARE TO CHECK APPARENT AUTHENTICITY","RECORD RETENTION SCHEDULE","PROVENANCE","SCIENDUM","HARD COPY","SURCHARGE AND FALSIFYING","MODE OF TRANSMISSION","COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT","FORM"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED SHARE CAPITAL","definition":"The most securities that a company can issue. This can be changed with shareholder approval.","related":["AUTHORIZED CAPITAL","PREFERENCE SHARE CAPITAL","CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL","NET REALIZABLE CAPITAL GAIN PER SHARE","SHARE CAPITAL","ALTERATION OF SHARE CAPITAL","FULLY PAID SHARE CAPITAL","SHARES AUTHORIZED","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARE (ADS)","PERMANENT INTEREST BEARING SHARE (PIBS)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)","definition":"A computer system the Customs agency use to check invoices on imports. The carriers, port, freight stations, and service personel can use this.","related":["AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT (ACE)","MANIFEST","AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","MANIFEST ERROR","CONTAINER MANIFEST","MANIFEST SYSTEM","AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)","AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE","AUTOMATED BOND SYSTEM (ABS)","AUTOMATED PURCHASE SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING","definition":"To sell items in vending machines. AKA automatic selling.","related":["AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","MERCHANDISING","MERCHANDISING SERVICE","MERCHANDISING DIRECTOR","MASS MERCHANDISING","MERCHANDISING ALLOWANCE","AUTOMATIC COVERAGE","AUTOMATIC FISCAL STABILIZERS","AUTOMATIC CONTINUANCE","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION"]}
{"title":"AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS","definition":"The exhaust from engines that has carbon dioxide, cabon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons, and water. These pollutants are reduced by using unleaded fuel and catalytic converters.","related":["CATALYTIC CONVERTER","AUTOMOBILE","AIR EMISSIONS","END OF THE PIPE","ATMOSPHERE","AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE","HIRED AUTOMOBILE","BUSINESS AUTOMOBILE POLICY","FAMILY AUTOMOBILE POLICY","GAIN ON SALE OF AUTOMOBILE"]}
{"title":"AUXILIARY ITEM","definition":"An extra item that is necessary for a machine to work.","related":["MAJOR ITEM","AUXILIARY","BIG TICKET ITEM","COMMERCIAL ITEM","LIFED ITEM","EXTRAORDINARY ITEM","ENCUMBERED EXPENDITURE OPEN ITEM","CONFIGURATION ITEM","COMMON ITEM","REPAIRABLE ITEM"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE ADJUSTER","definition":"A party hired to asses loss for maritime insurance. The claim will be deemed general average or pearticular average. AKA average adjustor.","related":["ADJUSTER","GROSS AVERAGE","PUBLIC ADJUSTER","INSURANCE ADJUSTER","CLAIM ADJUSTER","PETTY AVERAGE","AVERAGE WITHOUT PERCENTAGE","AVERAGE AGREEMENT","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","AVERAGE DOWN"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE FIXED COST","definition":"The cost calculated by dividing the units by their cost.","related":["MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY COST","AVERAGE COST (AVCO) METHOD","FIXED COST","FIXED OVERHEAD COST","AVERAGE FIXED ASSETS","AVERAGE COST","WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL","AVERAGE VARIABLE COST","WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF INVENTORY","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME VARIANCE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE RATE OF RETURN","definition":"The way to appraise investments to predict the return. The cash flows is divided by the number of years of the investment.","related":["RISK-FREE RATE OF RETURN","REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN","RATE OF RETURN RULE","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","RATE OF RETURN","NOMINAL RATE OF RETURN","TERMINAL RATE OF RETURN","AVERAGE ACCOUNTING RETURN","EFFECTIVE RATE OF RETURN","TIME-ADJUSTED RATE OF RETURN"]}
{"title":"AVIATION-TRIP LIFE INSURANCE","definition":"Life insurance used on flights by a passenger of a plane. It is purchased at the airport. There is death benefits are large.","related":["WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE","AVIATION INSURANCE","DEPENDENT LIFE INSURANCE","VARIABLE UNIVERSAL LIFE INSURANCE","TRIP TRANSIT INSURANCE","LIFE INSURANCE","AVIATION ACCIDENT INSURANCE","DEPOSIT TERM LIFE INSURANCE","CASH VALUE LIFE INSURANCE POLICY","UNIVERSAL LIFE INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONAL DEATH BENEFIT","definition":"An extra payment made on the event of death in life insurance. This is done if a special situation takes place at a speficic time.","related":["ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT OPTION","DEATH BENEFIT ONLY PLAN","DEATH BENEFIT","EXTENDED DEATH BENEFIT","VARIABLE DEATH BENEFIT","GUARANTEED DEATH BENEFIT","GUARANTEED EARNING INCREASE DEATH BENEFIT","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","DEATH"]}
{"title":"ADD-ON","definition":"A NEW ISSUE of COMMON STOCK for a company that has already completed an INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING. The addon increases the issuer","related":["FLIPPER","INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO)","PAID-IN CAPITAL","OVERSUBSCRIBED","FORM S-1","EQUITY CARVE OUT","SUBSCRIPTION WARRANT","GREEN SHOE","SECONDARY OFFERING","LIQUIDITY PATH"]}
{"title":"ADHESION INSURANCE CONTRACT","definition":"Any agreement offered in the take it or leave it basis.","related":["CONTRACT OF INSURANCE","NEGOTIATED CONTRACT","CONTRACT","CONTRACT NEGOTIATION","EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT","OPEN END CONTRACT","ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT","MANAGEMENT CONTRACT","CONTRACT CLAUSE","ENTIRE CONTRACT CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTED BASIS VALUE","definition":"The starting cost of an asset that depreciation is taken from. Capital funds are added as well. It is used for taxes and profit calculation. AKA adjustable basis value.","related":["ADJUSTED BASIS","AFTER-TAX BASIS","ADJUSTED FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS (AFFO)","CASH BASIS ACCOUNTING","TAX BASIS","POSITIVE BASIS","ADJUSTED BOOK VALUE METHOD","CYCLICALLY ADJUSTED SURPLUS","RISK-ADJUSTED CAPITAL RATIO","CYCLICALLY ADJUSTED DEFICIT"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENT PROVISION","definition":"An agreement by an insured and insurer allowing changes within a policy to increse or decrease the payment or value, or to lengthen or shorten the length of protection aforded by the policy.","related":["CANCELLATION PROVISION CLAUSE","OWNERSHIP PROVISION","ADJUSTMENT INCOME","CO-PAY PROVISION","CHANGE OF BENEFICIARY PROVISION","UNPAID PREMIUM PROVISION","STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT","FREEZE-OUT PROVISION","ADJUSTMENT","TAG ALONG PROVISION"]}
{"title":"ANODIC PROTECTION","definition":"To reduce corrosion by making a metal anode with a postive charge. It has low voltage current and keeps the environment electrochemically passive. It was invented in th 1950s and is suitable for preventing corrosion.","related":["CATHODIC PROTECTION","ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)","REFUNDING PROTECTION","ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION","SOFT CALL PROTECTION","MORTGAGE PROTECTION","PROTECTION","OVERDRAFT PROTECTION","PROTECTION MONEY","TRIPLE PROTECTION"]}
{"title":"ANTIGLOBALIZATION","definition":"An economic movement that is not fond of capitalism or globalization. They feel that an individual can reach goals without the negative effects of capitalism. The emphasis is on economic efficiency and human decency rather than corporate obsession with pr","related":["BUSINESS PLAN","CHRONIC EFFECT","MICROECONOMIC POLICY","EMPHASIS ADDED","COMPANY LAW","TASK ENVIRONMENT","LEADING INDICATORS","DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY","OPTIMAL CURRENCY AREA","COMBINATION STRATEGY"]}
{"title":"ANYOCCUPATION POLICY","definition":"An idea that defines disability in respect to insurance and those who are not able to work anymore. The person can get benefits only if they remain disabled.","related":["FAMILY AUTOMOBILE POLICY","MAXIMUM DISABILITY POLICY","POLICY LOAN","FAMILY INCOME POLICY","INSURANCE POLICY","LIFE POLICY","SHORT TERM DISABILITY INCOME POLICY","RAILROAD TRAVEL POLICY","BROAD FORM STOREKEEPER’S POLICY","UMBRELLA POLICY"]}
{"title":"APPLET","definition":"A program that does a small part of a big program. Java is commonly the language used to program these.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Property Law","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ASIC)","definition":"A circuit that performs only one purpose. They are combined to do complex tasks.","related":["CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS","CLOSED CIRCUIT","CIRCUIT COURTS","COMMISSIONERS OF CIRCUIT COURTS","CIRCUIT BREAKER","CIRCUIT JUDGE","SHORT CIRCUIT","CIRCUIT JUSTICE","WINTER CIRCUIT","PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUIT (PVC)"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL FRAUD","definition":"Using false appraisal to raise selling prices. It changes the collateral needed and creates more expensive financing. Appraisers and homeowners do this.","related":["APPRAISAL CLAUSE","QUALIFIED APPRAISAL","ACTIONABLE FRAUD","APPRAISAL APPROACH","FRAUD RING","APPRAISAL VALUE","APPRAISAL RIGHT","APPRAISAL FEE","APPRAISAL","SELF-APPRAISAL"]}
{"title":"APPROVAL AUTHORITY","definition":"The power an officer has in a firm to commit the firm to a contract.","related":["JUSTIFICATION AND APPROVAL","AUTHORITY","APPROVAL","PRE-APPROVAL","APPROVAL PROOF","APPROVAL BASIS","SALE-ON-APPROVAL","SALE ON APPROVAL A","PRIOR APPROVAL RATING FORMS","OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"AQUATIC TOXICITY","definition":"A harmful result on the marine life due to toxic substance exposure.","related":["TOXICITY PROFILE","TOXICITY ASSESSMENT","TOXICITY TESTING","ORAL TOXICITY","TOXICITY","ACUTE TOXICITY","CHRONIC TOXICITY","AQUATIC BIGHTS","AQUATIC RIGHTS","DERMAL TOXICITY"]}
{"title":"ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN","definition":"An idea that takes the parts of a structure and turns them into a whole system. This is done with objectives and limitations. Refer to behavioral design.","related":["BEHAVIORAL DESIGN","GREEN DESIGN","DESIGN PARAMETERS","NETWORKED DESIGN","SUSTAINABLE DESIGN","BUSINESS DESIGN","DESIGN SPECIFICATION","DESIGN VERIFICATION","QUALITY OF DESIGN","MANAGEMENT BY DESIGN"]}
{"title":"ARIMA MODEL","definition":"Refer to autoregressive integrated moving average model.","related":["AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) MODEL","AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL","ARMA MODEL","STRUCTURAL MODEL","AGGREGATOR MODEL","CREDIT DEFAULT MODEL","RELATIONSHIP MODEL","AS IS MODEL","CREDIT PORTFOLIO MODEL","TO BE MODEL"]}
{"title":"ARREST WARRANT","definition":"A court order given to detain a party if probable cause is present. AKA warrant for arrest.","related":["WARRANT OF ARREST","ARREST WITHOUT WARRANT","WARRANT, n","MALICIOUS\nARREST","BENCH WARRANT","WARRANT BENCH","COUNTY WARRANT","WARRANT","PAROL ARREST","ARREST"]}
{"title":"ARTWORK","definition":"A work or illustration that can be a drawing, letter, painting, or photographs. It is made to be reproduced by its instructions and color specifications.","related":["LINE ART","COLOR SEPARATION","SPOT COLOR","PROCESS COLOR","STANDARD DETAILS","INDICTMENT","CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION, REPAIR (CAR)","ESTATE PLANNING","CLIPART","EX COLORE"]}
{"title":"ASEPTIC PACKAGING","definition":"When a food item and its package is sterilized seperately than together and sealed.","related":["ASEPTIC","MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP)","DECEPTIVE PACKAGING","COMPOSITE PACKAGING","PRIMARY PACKAGING","VACUUM PACKAGING","SECONDARY PACKAGING","PACKAGING","AID PACKAGING","FLEXIBLE PACKAGING"]}
{"title":"ASPIRATION","definition":"1. sucking up a fluid. 2. taking a liquid into the lungs while swallowing or being sick.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Labor Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Trust and Will"]}
{"title":"ASSET APPROACH","definition":"The net value of a concern as the business value. AKA asset based approach.","related":["MARKET APPROACH","APPRAISAL APPROACH","RATIONAL DECISION MAKING APPROACH","WORKING ASSET","PRODUCT APPROACH","FORTRESS APPROACH","SALES COMPARISON APPROACH","SALES APPROACH","SYSTEMATIC APPROACH","PROBLEM-SOLUTION APPROACH"]}
{"title":"ASSET PROTECTION TRUST (APT)","definition":"A trust in offshore banks that has clean money in it. The money is safe from anyone with a claim on it in the home country of the fund owner. The title is given to a trustee that manages it. AKA family protective trust in the UK.","related":["ASSET PROTECTION","PROTECTION OF ASSETS TRUST","MASTER TRUST","DIRECTORY TRUST","PROTECTION OF TRUSTEE","ACTIVE TRUST","EMPLOYEE TRUST","PROTECTION MONEY","DRY TRUST","QUALIFIED DOMESTIC INTEREST TRUST (Q-DOT TRUST)"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE (AE)","definition":"The national income similar to the GDP. The total goods in a country purchased are used to get to this figure.","related":["NATIONAL EXPENDITURE","LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE DEMAND","GROSS NATIONAL EXPENDITURE","AGGREGATE LIABILITY","EXPENDITURE-BASED BUDGET","CONSOLIDATED EXPENDITURE","TAX EXPENDITURE","EXPENDITURE"]}
{"title":"AGILE MANUFACTURING","definition":"When a quick turn around is wanted from small batch lots. Information technology reduces cost and information flows to freely. Refer to manufacturing resource planning MRPII.","related":["MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP-II)","MANUFACTURING SYSTEM","AGILE PRODUCT","AGILE ENTERPRISE","CONTINUOUS FLOW MANUFACTURING (CFM)","MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD","SYNCHRONIZED MANUFACTURING","FIXED MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD INCURRED","MANUFACTURING COST","MANUFACTURING ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"AID PACKAGING","definition":"Arranging the funds of a project so that more than one source of financing can be used.","related":["PACKAGING","ASEPTIC PACKAGING","SECONDARY PACKAGING","FLEXIBLE PACKAGING","FAMILY PACKAGING","DATE OF PACKAGING","COMPOSITE PACKAGING","COMBINATION PACKAGING","CLAMSHELL PACKAGING","VACUUM PACKAGING"]}
{"title":"AIR RAGE","definition":"When a passenger on an aircraft becomes voilent or difficult due to stress or fear.","related":["Secured Transactions","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"AIRPORT TAX","definition":"A tax paid on plane tickets. It goes to company maintenance.","related":["AIRPORT ACCESS FEE","AIRPORT","AIRPORT TO AIRPORT","AIRPORT TRANSFER","AIRPORT REVENUE BOND","CONNECTION TIME","TICKET","MAINTENANCE LEVEL","AIR FREIGHT CONSOLIDATOR","DIP"]}
{"title":"ALIGNMENT","definition":"1. connecting an employees goals with the companies. The employees must know the reasons for the goal and meet objectives to get the incentive. 2.placing text in a margin. The left alignment and right alignment are used to set this boundary.","related":["Labor Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ALL RISKS INSURANCE","definition":"A policy that covers all risk except bad packaging, delay, inherent vice, or loss of market just to name a few. Risks listed in the policy are the ones that are not covered. The term is being phased out AKA all peril insurance.","related":["WAR RISKS INSURANCE","CONTRACTOR’S ALL RISKS INSURANCE","CALCULATED RISKS","MICRO COUNTRY RISKS","PURCHASING POWER RISKS","MACRO RISKS","FIRST LOSS INSURANCE","PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE","QUOTA SHARE RE-INSURANCE","DEBRIS REMOVAL INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATED STOCK","definition":"An item in storage but is set aside for a use.","related":["TOTAL ALLOCATED BUDGET","ALLOCATED BENEFITS","ALLOCATED QUANTITY","STANDARD STOCK ITEM","STORY STOCK","STOCK POSITION","STOCK KEEPING UNIT (SKU)","STOCK","NEW OLD STOCK","VALUE STOCK"]}
{"title":"ALPHA","definition":"1. in the UK a classification of london stocks on the stock exchange in a normal market. 2. in the US it measures the change in prices of stocks in the market. The change uses movements of a stock agaist the market focusing on growth. The higher the alpha","related":["ALPHA TEST","BETA","NEGOTIATED MARKET","LONDON METAL EXCHANGE (LME)","MINIMUM QUOTE SIZE","GROWTH FUND","FUTURES EXCHANGE","OVER THE COUNTER (OTC) MARKET","EQUITIES MARKET","NASDAQ STOCK MARKET"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATE VERDICT","definition":"A jury decision if evidence is lacking to charge guilty. A lesser offense is usually used to punish teh defendant.","related":["SPECIAL VERDICT","GENERAL VERDICT","VERDICT","VERDICT NOT GUILTY","VERDICT GUILTY","VERDICT PARTIAL","VERDICT OF NO CAUSE OF ACTION","FALSE VERDICT","VERDICT OF GUILTY BUT INSANE","ALTERNATE BID"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY","definition":"The way something is made with less pollution that is more efficient than the traditional method.","related":["ALTERNATIVE REMAINDERS","MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY (MANTECH)","TECHNOLOGY VALUATION","OPTIMIZED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY (OPT)","TECHNOLOGY","BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BAT)","ALTERNATIVE","ENABLING TECHNOLOGY","TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT","TECHNOLOGY LICENSING"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN COLLEGE","definition":"A school that researches life insurance and publishes the results for the public to read. Agents can also continue their education here.","related":["AMERICAN AGENCY SYSTEM","AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)","AMERICAN CLAUSE","AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURANCE","COLLEGE","AMERICAN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX","ELECTORAL COLLEGE"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN OPTION","definition":"An OPTION that can be exercised at any time prior to, and including, maturity. See also BERMUDAN OPTION, EUROPEAN OPTION.","related":["DEFERRED PAYMENT AMERICAN OPTION","BERMUDA OPTION","BARRIER OPTION","DOWN AND OUT OPTION","UP AND OUT OPTION","CALL OPTION","DOWN AND IN OPTION","POINT BARRIER OPTION","COMPLEX CHOOSER OPTION","EUROPEAN OPTION"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLES","definition":"Deducting costs for tax purposes on nontangible assets. The assets available for this are determined by the Internal revenue code over a 15 year period.","related":["AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","AMORTIZATION CALCULATOR","AMORTIZATION TABLE","AMORTIZATION","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","ACCELERATED AMORTIZATION","MORTGAGE AMORTIZATION OF"]}
{"title":"AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)","definition":"Broadcasting signals that don’t travel far. It is imposed on a carrier wave with a signal that gets better or worse when the amplitude. Refer to frequency modulation.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","MODULATION","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Labor Law","Contracts I (Hillman)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)"]}
{"title":"ANARCHOCAPITALISM","definition":"A system when a state can be replaced by private companies. Social services and other programs that the government have are usually added in this case. The idea is that a free market can give services without governmental help. AKA free market anarchism.","related":["PUBLIC AND PRIVATE","PUBLIC ACCOUNTING","GOVERNMENT BOND","GOVERNMENTAL","MARKET SYSTEM","MARKET ACCESS","FREEMIUM","PRIVATUM","MERIT GOODS","NEW DEAL"]}
{"title":"ANNOUNCEMENT EFFECT","definition":"The way markets are effected by the press about a company and the market.","related":["ANNOUNCEMENT","PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT","SPILLOUT EFFECT","SNOB EFFECT","REFLEX EFFECT","RECENCY EFFECT","VEBLEN EFFECT","LAW OF EFFECT","CNN EFFECT","EFFECT"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE (APR)","definition":"A way to quote interest rate on loans. It is done when interest is done nonannually. It incldes all fees and remaining principal. Refer to add on loan.","related":["ANNUAL PERCENTAGE YIELD (APY)","NOMINAL ANNUAL RATE","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","NOMINAL RATE OF INTEREST","NOMINAL LOAN RATE","CALL MONEY RATE","LOAN RATE","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","BANK RATE","PRIME RATE FUND"]}
{"title":"ANNUALLY RENEWABLE TERM POLICY","definition":"A policy that covers for one year and can be continued with no evidence of insurability. AKA yearly renewable term policy.","related":["RENEWABLE TERM","GROUP RENEWABLE TERM INSURANCE","Policy Term","ANNUALLY","NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE","SHORT TERM DISABILITY INCOME POLICY","RENEWABLE ENERGY","Mistakes People Make When Purchasing Term Life Insurance","DECREASING TERM INSURANCE","GUARANTEED RENEWABLE"]}
{"title":"ANONYMOUS FTP","definition":"A way to download files from the internet without a password. The public section is used to access the data. Anonymous can be a username as well. The users email and password can also be used. They cannot send files or access the nonpublic areas of the si","related":["ANONYMOUS","FTP SITE","ONLINE ADVERTISING","ONLINE","CHALLENGE-HANDSHAKE AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (CHAP)","DEFRAGMENTATION","REMOTE SERVER","ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST","ARCHIE","ADVERTISING NETWORKS"]}
{"title":"AFFILIATED GROUP","definition":"Companies with the same parent company who own stock. This nets one’s loss against anothers profit. The members have 80% or more of voting power and stock of all companies involved. AKA consolidated group.","related":["AFFILIATED CHAINS","AFFILIATED PERSON","GROUP COHESIVENESS","GROUP THINK","GROUP CURRENCY","GROUP CAPTIVE","GROUP CERTIFICATE","GROUP LIFE INSURANCE","DEFERRED GROUP ANNUITY","AFFINITY GROUP"]}
{"title":"AFFORDABILITY INDEX","definition":"The ease of getting a home. This is analyzed ny the national association of realtors.","related":["AFFORDABILITY","PENDING HOME SALES INDEX (PHSI)","EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND FAR EAST INDEX (EAFE INDEX)","ARMS INDEX","CASS FREIGHT INDEX","MTA INDEX","INDEX","BIG MAC INDEX","ABX INDEX","BREAKFAST INDEX"]}
{"title":"AFTER-TAX DEDUCTION","definition":"Taking a paycheck from an employee to cover nondeductable expenses. It reduces net income for federal and state taxes.","related":["MEDICAL EXPENSE DEDUCTION","PAYROLL DEDUCTION INSURANCE","FOREIGN TAX DEDUCTION","STANDARD DEDUCTION","MARITAL DEDUCTION TRUST","MOVING EXPENSE DEDUCTION","TAX DEDUCTION","PAYROLL DEDUCTION","MARITAL DEDUCTION","ABOVE THE LINE DEDUCTION"]}
{"title":"AGED ASSETS","definition":"ASSETS held for resale by a BANK or SECURITIES FIRM that have been owned for a long period of time (i.e., many months). Aged assets may indicate misvaluation.","related":["AGED FAIL","QUICK ASSETS","PROBATE ASSETS","CURRENT ASSETS","RATESENSITIVE ASSETS","CLASSIFICATION OF ASSETS","RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA)","EQUITABLE ASSETS","FIXED ASSETS (NET) TO NET WORTH RATIO","LONG TERM DEBT TO TANGIBLE ASSETS RATIO"]}
{"title":"ASSET IMPAIRMENT ACCOUNTING","definition":"The way accountants estimate total profits on an asset over at least 20 years. This is compared to the book value and gain or loss is posted based on any difference.","related":["ASSET COVERAGE","IMPAIRMENT OF MEMORY","IMPAIRMENT OF FUTURE EARNING CAPACITY","APPRECIATED ASSET","PAPER ASSET","HEDGE ACCOUNTING","SHORT TERM ASSET","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)","LIQUID ASSET","ASSET APPROACH"]}
{"title":"ASSET SWAP","definition":"Exchanging one type of an asset for another to get better asset liability matching.","related":["ZERO COUPON SWAP","DEBT FOR BOND SWAP","COMMODITY SWAP","PURE CATASTROPHE SWAP","REALIZED VOLATILITY SWAP","DELIVERABLE ASSET","STOCK SWAP","ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","ASSET COVERAGE"]}
{"title":"ASSETSWAP SPREAD","definition":"Using the LIBOR curve and a bonds yield to assess bond risk.","related":["SPREAD OPTION","MUNICIPALS OVER BONDS (MOB) SPREAD","BOND SPREAD","CREDIT SPREAD","SPREAD RISK","OPTION-ADJUSTED SPREAD (OAS)","GROSS SPREAD","SPREAD DURATION","SWAP SPREAD","CREDIT SPREAD RISK"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF RENTS","definition":"When a lender directly gets payments for a loan from the property mortgaged in the case of default.","related":["ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","CHIEF\nRENTS","ASSIGNMENT","MAIDEN RENTS","WHITE RENTS","CHAUNTRY RENTS","CASTLEGUARD RENTS","BLACK RENTS","ASSISE RENTS","ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATE’S DEGREE","definition":"When a college gives a student a degree after two years. It is about 60 credits and can be applied to get a bachelors degree that will take an additional two years.","related":["COLLEGE DEGREE","BACHELOR’S DEGREE","MASTER’S DEGREE","DEGREE","DEGREE DAY","DEGREE OF CRIME","DEGREE DAY NORMALS","DEGREE DAY SWAP","LAMBETH DEGREE","ASSOCIATE"]}
{"title":"ASYMMETRICAL DATA TRANSFER","definition":"When upstream and downstream data transfer at different speeds. It is used for the internet.","related":["DATA TRANSFER RATE (DTR)","ASYMMETRICAL DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (ADSL)","DATA VAULTING","DATA ACCESS TIME","DATA MANAGEMENT","REAL TIME TRANSFER PROTOCOL (RTP)","ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)","DATA LOGGING","DATA FIELD","SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION"]}
{"title":"AT THE OPEN ORDER","definition":"An ORDER to buy or sell securities at the market open price; if the order cannot be fully executed, it is cancelled. See also AT THE CLOSE ORDER.ATS See ALTERNATIVE TRADING SYSTEM.ATTACHMENT (1) The economic level at which INSURANCE or REINSURANCE coverage becomes effective, i.e., the first dollar above the INSURED","related":["OPEN ORDER","MARKET ON OPEN ORDER","LIMIT ORDER","AT THE CLOSE ORDER","STOP LIMIT ORDER","NOT HELD ORDER","GOOD TILL CANCELLED ORDER","ATTHEOPENING ORDER","BUY LIMIT ORDER","AT BEST ORDER"]}
{"title":"ATTACHMENT OF RISK","definition":"When the buyer accepts risk of loss of a purchased item.","related":["PASSAGE OF RISK","ASSET LIQUIDITY RISK","DIRECT CREDIT RISK","CONTRACT RISK","COST OF RISK","COLLATERAL RISK","RISK REDUCTION","NONINSURABLE RISK","POLITICAL RISK","COUNTRY RISK"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEYATLAW","definition":"A party qualified to practice law in their jurisdiction. AKA attorney. Refer to advocate, barrister, counsel, lawyer, and queen’s counsel.","related":["BARRISTER","JUNIOR BARRISTER","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","AVOUE","INSTRUCT","PREMIER SERJEANT, THE \nQUEEN’S","RETAINER","BRIEF","ATTORNEY AT LAW","COUNSEL"]}
{"title":"AUCTION RING","definition":"Buyers that work together on an auction to keep prices low. The simply don’t bid against eachother. The items bought are reauctioned privately and profits are shared among members. It is illegal to do this.","related":["DOUBLE AUCTION MARKET","FORWARD AUCTION","AUCTION EXCHANGE","REVERSE AUCTION","VICKREY AUCTION","ENGLISH AUCTION","PUBLIC AUCTION","DUTCH AUCTION PREFERRED STOCK","SEALED BID AUCTION","ABSOLUTE AUCTION"]}
{"title":"AUDIT STRATEGY","definition":"The plan the audited party has for answering questions that may be asked in the auditing process.","related":["AUDIT RESOLUTION","AUDIT","AUDIT PROGRAM","AUDIT SCOPE","BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER STRATEGY (B2C STRATEGY)","FUNCTIONAL STRATEGY","STRATEGY","OPERATING STRATEGY","TAX REDUCTION STRATEGY","COMPETITIVE STRATEGY"]}
{"title":"AUSTENITE","definition":"Any iron that has carbon or facecentered crystaline structures. It is named after Sir W. C. Roberts Austen. Refer to martensite.","related":["CAST IRON","STEEL","MILD STEEL","COKE","PIG IRON","GLOBAL CARBON BUDGET","STAINLESS STEEL","CARBON STEEL","ALLOY STEEL","CARBON EQUIVALENT UNIT"]}
{"title":"AUTHORITARIANISM","definition":"When orders are given with threats. This is done to cement the power status of the parties involved. It must be maintained.","related":["NETTING","PORTLAND CEMENT","CONTRACT NEGOTIATION","FINAL OFFER INTEREST ARBITRATION","EXECUTIVE POWER","DURESS PER MINAS","AUTHORITY","ORDER FILL","GATHER IN THE STOPS","ADULTERINE"]}
{"title":"AUTO SALES","definition":"When auto manufacturers make a report of the montly sales. It shows how well the market is doing and are seasonally adjusted. The stock market may use this to curb spending habits.","related":["MANUFACTURING AND TRADE INVENTORIES AND SALES","CHAIN STORE SALES","EXISTING HOME SALES","GROSS SALES","SALES FORECAST","DEPRECIATION TO SALES RATIO","ANNUAL SALES CHANGE","SALES ORIENTATION","RETAIL SALES","SALES PROMOTION"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC BILL PAYMENT","definition":"When a bill is paid directly from an account through an electronic transfer. This must be authorized. The vendor must submit a request. It can be stopped at any time.","related":["ELECTRONIC BILL PAYMENT","ELECTRONIC BILL PAYMENT AND PRESENTMENT (EBPP)","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","BILL IN NATURE OF A BILL OF REVIVOR","AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS","BILL IN NATURE OF A BILL OF REVIEW","BILL PAY","AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE","AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","definition":"Reinsurance that transfers risk. The losses and gains are split between the insurer and reinsurer. The reinsurer must pay a fee to transfer the commission.","related":["AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC NON PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC REINSURANCE","TREATY REINSURANCE","AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","PRO RATA REINSURANCE","FACULTATIVE REINSURANCE","COINSURANCE PLAN OF REINSURANCE","CLASH REINSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AUTONOMOUS INVESTMENT","definition":"An investment that interest rates and profit in the economic climate. If it succeeds the economy did not necessarily get better. Refer to induced investment.","related":["AUTONOMOUS WORK GROUP","AUTONOMOUS MAINTENANCE","PARTICIPATING GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACT (GIC)","QUASI-AUTONOMOUS NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (QANGO)","PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT","DEFENSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","AGGRESSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)","BALANCED INVESTMENT STRATEGY","INVESTMENT PREMIUM"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE BALANCE","definition":"The amount of money in an account that is able to be used. AKA available funds.","related":["UNCLAIMED BALANCE","NET CASH BALANCE","ADVERSE BALANCE","LOW-BALANCE METHOD","OFFSETTING BALANCE","FISCAL BALANCE","BALANCE","TARGET CASH BALANCE","STATEMENT BALANCE","FUND BALANCE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD","definition":"The number of days outstanding a receivable is during the accounting period.","related":["COLLECTION PERIOD","COLLECTION PERIOD RATIO","AVERAGE SETTLEMENT PERIOD","AVERAGE PAYMENT PERIOD","COLLECTION DAYS","RECOVERY PERIOD","COOLING OFF PERIOD","COLLECTION RATIO","TIME PERIOD CONCEPT","AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE MATURITY","definition":"The amount of itme a maturity for fixed rate instruments in a portfolio. A shorter maturity is more vulnerable to changing interest rates.","related":["WEIGHTED AVERAGE MATURITY (WAM)","MATURITY INTERMEDIATION","MATURITY MIX","MATURITY MATCHING","MATURITY VALUE","FINAL MATURITY DATE","APPARENT\nMATURITY","REVERSE TO MATURITY","MATURITY GUARANTEE","MATURITY MISMATCH"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION TERM","definition":"The time a loan must be repaid in through monthly payments.","related":["NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","LEVEL PAYMENT AMORTIZATION","TERM LOAN","AMORTIZATION CALCULATOR","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","AMORTIZATION TABLE","LOAN TERM","AMORTIZATION"]}
{"title":"ANALOG","definition":"1. an occurance that has varied activity. 2. anything that looks like like an original item.","related":["ANALOG COSTING","ANALOG SIGNAL","ANALOG TO DIGITAL (AD) CONVERSION","MARKUP PRICING","DEDUCTIVE REASONING","FLOATING POLICY","QUANTITY DEMANDED","RAIN CHECK","REFRIGERATION","CLOCK SPEED"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY BENEFIT","definition":"A supplementary benefit that is attached to a primary one. It grows from the same activity of the primary benefit.","related":["ANCILLARY SUIT","MARGINAL SOCIAL BENEFIT","ANCILLARY\nATTACHMENT","ANCILLARY ACTIVITY","MARGINAL BENEFIT","FLAT MATERNITY BENEFIT","QUARANTINE BENEFIT","UNALLOCATED BENEFIT","ANCILLARY","ANCILLARY GUARANTY"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL CAP","definition":"The most a charge an increase over a period of time.","related":["ANNUAL","ANNUAL PERCENTAGE YIELD (APY)","ANNUAL INFLATION SWAP","ANNUAL FEE","TOP ANNUAL","ANNUAL VALUE","ANNUAL EARNINGS","ANNUAL LEAVE","ANNUAL ASSAY","ANNUAL DEPRECIATION"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL REPORT","definition":"The report that results from a yearly audit for the previous year. Legally required in the US. It has prospects, operations review, balance sheet, income statement, cash flow, and supporting documents. AKA annual accounts.","related":["SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT","CASH FLOW STATEMENT","ANNUAL VALUE","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUAL EARNINGS","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM)","ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUAL RETURN"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY CONSIDERATION","definition":"The payments or lump sum required to prucure a policy.","related":["ANNUITY CERTAIN","NOMINAL CONSIDERATION","ANNUITY IN ARREARS","FUTURE VALUE OF AN ANNUITY DUE","PRESENT VALUE OF ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","ANNUITY UNIT","ANNUITY CONTRACT","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","TAX DEFERRED ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANTIBOYCOTT REGULATIONS","definition":"A law making boycotting a specific business illegal. It was founded in the 1970s. Businesses can’t refuse to hire US citizens based on race, religion, or their mother country.","related":["MADRAS REGULATIONS","SPEED REGULATIONS","BOMBAY REGULATIONS","COMMAND AND CONTROL REGULATIONS","COLONY","EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT (ECOA)","OPENING BALANCE SHEET","CESAREAN OPERATION","FOUNDED","MIDMARKET"]}
{"title":"ANTI-TAKEOVER LAWS","definition":"Laws enacted in certain national systems that prohibit, or severely limit, a company from acquiring another company, primarily in instances involving HOSTILE TAKEOVERS. See also ANTITAKEOVER DEFENSE.","related":["ANTI-TAKEOVER DEFENSE","ANTI TRUST LAWS","TAKEOVER","FACILITY TAKEOVER","FRIENDLY TAKEOVER","BACKFLIP TAKEOVER","TAKEOVER BATTLE","TAKEOVER BID","DEFENDED TAKEOVER BID","BUST-UP TAKEOVER"]}
{"title":"API GRAVITY","definition":"Its the scale used to show the lightness or heaviness of a crude product. Liquid hydrocarbons are also measured on this scale.","related":["SPECIFIC GRAVITY","GASOLINE","QUANTITATIVE","ASPHALT","CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE","QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS","CRACK SPREAD","CONDENSATE","PROTOTYPE","TEST MARKETING"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION GENERATOR","definition":"A program that makes applications to run on a platform.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","GENERATOR","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"APPORTIONMENT CLAUSE","definition":"A rule in insurance that states a policy pays the claim in the amount that they have insured the risk.","related":["APPORTIONMENT","FIRE DEPARTMENT SERVICE CLAUSE","MORTGAGE CLAUSE","COINSURANCE CLAUSE","AGREED AMOUNT CLAUSE","APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY","EVIDENCE CLAUSE","DEBRIS REMOVAL CLAUSE","UNCONTESTABLE CLAUSE","CHANGE IN OCCUPANCY OR USE CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"APPRECIATED ASSET","definition":"An asset with a value that is higher than book value. The selling of it leads to profit.","related":["NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","DELIVERABLE ASSET","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","ASSET IMPAIRMENT ACCOUNTING","ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","ASSET COVERAGE","ASSET SALE","MARQUEE ASSET","FIXED ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)"]}
{"title":"APPROVED DATA","definition":"Data that a system needs to function. A designer and the customer must agree to what data is necessary.","related":["APPROVED CHANGE","ATTITUDINAL DATA","DATA MANAGEMENT","DATA LOGGING","DATA FIELD","DATA ENTRY","DATA ELEMENT","DATA PROCESSING","DATA SCREENING","PRIMARY DATA"]}
{"title":"ARBITRAGEUR","definition":"An individual or institution engaged in ARBITRAGE transactions.","related":["ARBITRAGE","CASH-AND-CARRY ARBITRAGE","QUASI ARBITRAGE","PURE ARBITRAGE","COVERED INTEREST ARBITRAGE","PUTCALL PARITY","BANKING BOOK","FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE (FX) CONVERSION","CONSUMER LAW","NOMINEE DIRECTOR"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVAL RECORD","definition":"A document that is kept in long term storage.","related":["ARCHIVAL","ARCHIVAL COLLECTION","ARCHIVAL VALUE","ARCHIVAL FONDS","ARCHIVAL INTEGRITY","ARCHIVAL BOND","RECORD DISPOSITION","RECORD MANAGEMENT","RECORD RETRIEVAL","AUTHENTIC RECORD"]}
{"title":"ARMS INDEX","definition":"When adcance decline ratio and upside downside ratios are compared to get the markets strength. A moving average is used for 4 to 55 days depending on the time being analyzed. A 1 is a neutral market. A higher number is a bearish trend while lower is a bu","related":["EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND FAR EAST INDEX (EAFE INDEX)","BRAND DEVELOPMENT INDEX (BDI)","PROFITABILITY INDEX","ARMS","SERGEANT AT ARMS","KINGS-AT-ARMS","BEAR ARMS","RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS","MONSTER EMPLOYMENT INDEX","LYON KING OF ARMS"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF DISSOLUTION","definition":"A document filed to make the closing of an organization official.","related":["ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT","ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION","ARTICLES","DISSOLUTION","DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT","JUDICIAL DISSOLUTION","ARTICLES OF\nASSOCIATION","ARTICLES OF WAR","ARTICLES OF SET","ARTICLES OF FAITH"]}
{"title":"ASBESTOSIS","definition":"A lung disease that asbestos causes when it is inhaled over a period of time. The lungs are scarred and breathing becomes labored. It is similar to asthma but fatal. Refer to mesothelioma.","related":["EMPHYSEMA","MESOTHELIOMA","FRIABLE","RESPIRATORY SYSTEM","ARSENIC","ASBESTOS","COHORT STUDY","SIMULATIO LATENS","PRIST","ASBESTOS ABATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ASIAN TAIL","definition":"The length of the averaging period in an ASIAN OPTION.","related":["ASIAN OPTION","ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS","ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION (APO)","ASIAN FUNDS","MAXI TAIL","MIDI TAIL","FAT TAIL","FEE TAIL","FEE-TAIL","TAIL"]}
{"title":"ASSESSABLE INSURANCE","definition":"Insurance when a premium rate that uses possible future rate hikes to have a higher payment. AKA assessment insurance.","related":["NON-ASSESSABLE","ASSESSABLE SECURITY","BROAD FORM INSURANCE","FIRE INSURANCE POLICY","WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE","ENDOWMENT INSURANCE WITH PROFITS","POLICY OF INSURANCE","CANCELABLE INSURANCE","LEVEL PREMIUM INSURANCE","PARTICIPATING INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON EXPORT POLICY","definition":"A US government group that hears international trade disputes. This can relate to defence, enerty, arms control, and commerce.","related":["NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EXPORT COMPANIES","EXPORT","ENERGY AND COMMERCE COMMITTEE","PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (PAC)","EXPORT MANAGEMENT COMPANY","EXPORT QUOTA","FEDERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL (FAC)","SUPPLY, COMMITTEE OF","TRAVEL ADVISORY","BOARD COMMITTEE"]}
{"title":"AFFILIATE","definition":"Companies that have a shared resources, interests, or business dealings. Or a website that sells products they don’t physically own for commission. Refer to susidiary.","related":["AFFILIATE MODEL","AFFILIATE MARKETING","TAX HAVEN AFFILIATE","AFFILIATE PROGRAM","GENERAL AGENT","KEIRETSU","ELECTRONIC MALL (E-MALL)","BANK SECRECY","ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER (OEM)","PROTECTED CELL COMPANY (PCC)"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATION OF CONTRACT","definition":"When an act is done with full exposure to facts as it relates to a contract. Or continuing a contract despite breach or misrepresentation with full knowledge. It can be a declaration or by the parties actions.","related":["AFFIRMATION","AFFIRMATION OF FACT","BREACH OF CONTRACT","CONTRACT PROCEDURES","CLOSED CONTRACT","MUTUALITY OF CONTRACT","EXECUTED CONTRACT","COLLATERAL CONTRACT","PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT","PRIME CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"AFTERMARKET REPORT","definition":"A report that declares securities on the second market. Anyone can buy them. Or the ability to get parts to repair equipment. AKA replacement parts.","related":["AFTERMARKET","QUARTERLY REPORT","EXPENSE REPORT","EIA NATURAL GAS REPORT","EIA PETROLEUM STATUS REPORT","EMPLOYMENT SITUATION REPORT","FIELD REPORT","BATCH REPORT","DAILY CONSTRUCTION REPORT","STATUS REPORT"]}
{"title":"AGE OF MAJORITY","definition":"Getting full rights at the age of 18. Refer to legal age.","related":["MAJORITY","MAJORITY RULE","SUPER MAJORITY","MAJORITY VOTING","MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER","MAJORITY OWNERSHIP","MAJORITY FALLACY","MAJORITY CONTROL","LATE MAJORITY","MAJORITY OPINION"]}
{"title":"AGENCY ENDORSEMENT","definition":"When a signer must pay for negotiations to the instrument.","related":["ENDORSEMENT","RESTRICTIVE ENDORSEMENT","SPECIAL ENDORSEMENT","BLANK ENDORSEMENT","ENDORSEMENT CONDITIONAL","THIRD PARTY ENDORSEMENT","SECURITY ENDORSEMENT","QUALIFIED ENDORSEMENT","CONDITIONAL ENDORSEMENT","ENDORSEMENT BLANK"]}
{"title":"AGENT’S LIEN","definition":"When an agent has ownernship of their controled parties goods.","related":["SPECIAL AGENT","PRIVATE AGENT","SELLER AGENT","BUYER AGENT","LIMITED AGENT","COMMERCIAL AGENT","MERCANTILE AGENT","AGENT","AGENT BANK","EQUITABLE LIEN"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE SUPPLY","definition":"All goods and services at any level in an economy. AKA total output.","related":["LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE DEMAND","AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE (AE)","SUPPLY","SUPPLY SUPPORT","FORWARD SUPPLY CONTRACT","EXEMPT SUPPLY","ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY","FINANCIAL SUPPLY CHAIN","SUPPLY SIDE ECONOMICS"]}
{"title":"AGREED VALUATION","definition":"The value of any shipment that both the shipper and the boat. It helps make freight charges and liabilty easy to determine.","related":["VALUATION CHARGE","AGREED CASE","VALUATION METHOD","CONTINGENT VALUATION","AGREED","Agreed Value","AGREED-UPON PROCEDURES","DISMISSAL AGREED","AGREED ORDER","Agreed Cost"]}
{"title":"AIR MILE","definition":"AKA standard nautical mile. It is 6,080 ft or 1,852 meters.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","NAUTICAL MILE","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","First Amendment","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","MILE","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)"]}
{"title":"AIR/SEA","definition":"Any trip that takes both land and sea travel means.","related":["Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Civil Law Torts"]}
{"title":"ALIASING","definition":"When the analg to digital conversion is too slow and causes data distortion. It can be a sound flutter or video that has jagged edges. A filter or super sampling can prevent this.","related":["BIT-MAPPED GRAPHICS","ANALOG TO DIGITAL (AD) CONVERSION","BIT-MAPPED FONT","AUDIO VIDEO INTERLEAVE (AVI)","MODEM","NON-SAMPLING ERROR","BOOK SIZE","WAVE FILE (WAV)","CONVERSION RATIO","CONVERSION PARITY"]}
{"title":"ALL CAUSES DEDUCTIBLE","definition":"The amount taken out once in a period of time for insurance. Refer to rider.","related":["COLLISION DEDUCTIBLE","PER CAUSE DEDUCTIBLE","DEDUCTIBLE","CALENDAR YEAR DEDUCTIBLE","DISAPPEARING DEDUCTIBLE","FRANCHISE DEDUCTIBLE","DEDUCTIBLE CLAUSE","TAX DEDUCTIBLE INTEREST","BUY-BACK DEDUCTIBLE","DEDUCTIBLE EXPENSES"]}
{"title":"ALLIED LINES","definition":"A PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE policy that provides coverage for fire and associated PERILS, including water damage, demolition, and contamination.","related":["ALLIED LINES INSURANCE","FIRE AND ALLIED PERILS","PERSONAL LINES","SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE","COMMERCIAL LINES","NET RETAINED LINES","COMMERCIAL LINES MANUAL","LINES","END LINES","LINES PER INCH (LPI)"]}
{"title":"ALLOWABLE ORDER COST","definition":"The amount spent on getting new customers without reducing profits. The customers lifetime value is used to get this figure. Their purchases will have this cost taken out of it through their investment time.","related":["MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE COST LIST","LIFETIME COST","REPLACEMENT COST ACCOUNTING","YIELD ON COST (YOC)","COST OF CAPITAL","MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","ORDER GENERATION COSTS","SALES ORDER","MATERIAL COST","CAPITAL COST"]}
{"title":"ALTERATION OF SHARE CAPITAL","definition":"An increase or decrease in share value allowed by the association. The change must pass the meeting and a notice must be filed with the proper authorities.","related":["NET REALIZABLE CAPITAL GAIN PER SHARE","FULLY PAID SHARE CAPITAL","SHARE CAPITAL","AUTHORIZED SHARE CAPITAL","CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL","PREFERENCE SHARE CAPITAL","SHARE AND SHARE ALIKE","ALTERATION","ELECTIVE SHARE","COLORABLE ALTERATION"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE MEDIA","definition":"Advertising opportunities not in the standard list. They can be fliers, handouts, super market videos, and the phone book.","related":["MEDIA RATE","ONLINE MEDIA","MEDIA MIX","MEDIA STRATEGY","ADVERTISING MEDIA","MEDIA VEHICLE","ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET (AIM)","MEDIA WEIGHT","MEDIA SCHEDULE","MEDIA BUYER"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUOUS","definition":"A phrase that is not clearly understood. The different interpretations can lead to confusion. This can be done on purpose or because there is a general lack of knowledge.","related":["ACTA PUBLICA","TALIO","BENIGNE FACIENDSE SUNT INTERPRETA- TIONES CHARTARUM, UT RES MAGIS VALEAT QUAM\nPEREAT; ET QUAE LIBET CONCESSIO FORTISSIMO CONTRA DONATOREM INTERPRETANDA EST","IGNORANCE","CONFUSION OF GOODS","MUTUALCREDITS","PUBLIC CHARITY","UNDERSTOOD","DESKILLING","JUS ABUTENDI"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN EXPRESS","definition":"A corporation that issues credit cards to people worldwide. It also has travel programs and privileges for being a member. Many cards are offered to meet the customers needs. It was founded in 1850 under a different idea that has changed over time due to","related":["AMERICAN SERVICE","IN AMERICAN LAW","AMERICAN BUSINESS CONFERENCE (ABC)","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS)","EXPRESS","AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURANCE","EXPRESS AUTHORITY","EXPRESS CONTRACT","EXPRESS MALICE"]}
{"title":"AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA)","definition":"Laws that cover civil rights to disabled individuals. They get equal facilities, opportunities, access, accomodations, buildings, communications, and transportation.","related":["DEPORTATION","IN PARI CAUSA","EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW","FUEL SURCHARGE","REHABILITATION TAX CREDIT","VIGILANCE","PER CAPITA","PER STIRPES","LOGISTICS CHANNEL","CAPITAL RESERVE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS","definition":"When the assets of the previous year are compared to the current year. This gives an average amount of assets a company owns.","related":["AVERAGE FIXED ASSETS","TOTAL DEBT TO TOTAL ASSETS RATIO","TOTAL ASSETS TO SALES RATIO","TOTAL ASSETS","AVERAGE CURRENT ASSETS","LONG TERM DEBT TO TOTAL ASSETS RATIO","AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN","RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS","DEBT-TO-TOTAL-ASSETS RATIO","AVERAGE TOTAL COSTS (ATC)"]}
{"title":"AVOIDANCE OF CONTRACT","definition":"Cancelling a contract when it cannot be continued or is no longer profitable. The parties are released from their agreements.","related":["AVOIDANCE","ANTICIPATORY AVOIDANCE","CLOSED CONTRACT","CANCELLABLE CONTRACT","MUTUALITY OF CONTRACT","TAX AVOIDANCE","CONFESSION AND AVOIDANCE","PROBLEM AVOIDANCE","RISK AVOIDANCE","UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSE","definition":"Additional reimbursement of expenses while a tenant is living outside of their residence temporarily.","related":["ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSE INSURANCE","EXPENSE REPORT","MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSE","ADDITIONAL","NO-ADDITIONAL-COST SERVICES","Additional Interest Insured","EXPENSE STOP","COST OF LIVING CLAUSE","LIVING TRUST","MOVING EXPENSE DEDUCTION"]}
{"title":"ADD-ON LOAN","definition":"A lending agreement that adds interest to the interest and uses returns to pay interest. It causes the interest rate to be higher and must be agreed to at contract signing.","related":["PRIME RATE LOAN","LOAN FOR USE","LOAN FOR EXCHANGE","LOAN TERMS","LOAN PARTICIPATION FUND","LOAN AGREEMENT","LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION","LOAN SERVICING","FIXED RATE LOAN","NO-DOC LOAN"]}
{"title":"ADHOCISM","definition":"An organizations management style that doesn’t plan ahead, responding to only urgent situations, and focuses on fire fighting. This is the way the company sets their goals. Refer to adhocracy.","related":["Privacy Policy","Comparative Constitutional Law","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Labor Law","First Amendment","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTED BREAKEVEN","definition":"A measure of the number of years it takes for an investor to recover the initial CONVERSION PREMIUM paid when purchasing a CONVERTIBLE BOND, after accounting for the fact that the investor may purchase more COMMON STOCK than represented by the CONVERSION RATIO. Adjusted breakeven is typically computed as: where Convprem is the conversion premium, C is the COUPON, PCB is the price of the convertible bond, S is the price of the common stock, and DPS is DIVIDENDS per share. See also EQUIVALENT BREAKEVEN, SIMPLE BREAKEVEN.ADJUSTMENTBONDABOND issued as a RECAPITALIZATION instrument by a company in FINANCIAL DISTRESS, often as an INCOMEBOND that only pays investors COUPON interest as earnings permit.","related":["EQUIVALENT BREAKEVEN","CONVERSION PREMIUM","CONVERTIBLE BOND","SIMPLE BREAKEVEN","CONVERSION PRICE","CONVERSION RATIO","CONVERSION PARITY","CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK","BREAKEVEN STOP-LOSS","BREAKEVEN"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENTS ESTIMATE","definition":"A request to parliament for a rider attached to a bill changing the amount of money set aside for a yearly budget.","related":["ADJUSTMENTS","GRASS-ROOTS COST ESTIMATE","PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS","EQUITY DELIGHTS IN AMICABLE ADJUSTMENTS","ESTIMATE","POINT ESTIMATE","BUDGET ESTIMATE","SHOULD-COST ESTIMATE","PLANNING ESTIMATE","ENGINEERING COST ESTIMATE"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER","definition":"An order issued to a party to correct a wrong done or to stop a current harmful activity.","related":["HOLD ORDER","GOOD FOR MONTH ORDER","CEASE AND DESIST ORDER","GOOD TILL CANCELLED ORDER","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","LIMIT ORDER","STOP LIMIT ORDER","TIME ORDER","TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER","BUY STOP ORDER"]}
{"title":"ADSORPTION","definition":"How any non solid substance attaches to a solid substance but does not penetrate it fully.","related":["POTENTIAL DOSE","CHEMICAL ANTIDOTE","SOLUTION","AIR POLLUTANT","PERCENT VOLATILE","CARNAL ABUSE","INSCRIPTION","CHEMICAL PROPERTY","DECOCTION","EQUIVALENT"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE SHIPPING NOTE (ASN)","definition":"A warning that an item has been shipped. The expected arrival date and other important information is present on this note.","related":["SHIPPING NOTE","ADVANCE NOTICE","SHIPPING WEIGHT","SHIPPING BILL","SHIPPING TIME","NOTE, n","SHIPPING DOCUMENTS","DEMAND NOTE","ADVANCE PURCHASE RATE","ADVANCE PREMIUM"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE FINANCIAL SELECTION","definition":"When cash is given for insurance policy due to extreme need on the insured’s part. The money may also be reinvested somewhere else.","related":["ADVERSE SELECTION","ADVERSE DEVELOPMENT COVER","FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LAW","SELECTION","SELECTION OF JURORS","SOURCE SELECTION","SELECTION OF RISK","SELECTION BIAS","RISK SELECTION","JURY SELECTION"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING CHANNEL","definition":"A media channel that advertisers use to do their promotional capmaigning.","related":["CHANNEL","MARKETING CHANNEL","NATURAL CHANNEL","B CHANNEL","BACK CHANNEL COMMUNICATION","MULTI CHANNEL MARKETING","PIONEER ADVERTISING","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING","SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING","ONLINE ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING THEME","definition":"The main idea of an ad campaign. Its goal is to get an effect through many ads instead of just one idea per ad.","related":["DESIGN THEME","MARKETING THEME","THEME","ADVERTISING PLAN","ADVERTISING TO SALES RATIO","PIONEER ADVERTISING","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING OBJECTIVE","NON-COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING BRIEF"]}
{"title":"ADVISORY AND ASSISTANCE SERVICES","definition":"Services that analyze the way a company works. External sources are used based on a one time contract.","related":["ADVISORY SERVICES","NO-ADDITIONAL-COST SERVICES","ADVISORY MANAGEMENT","ADVISORY BOARD OF DIRECTORS","Roadside Assistance Coverage","PUBLIC ASSISTANCE","HEALTH ADVISORY LEVEL","FEDERAL ADVISORY COUNCIL (FAC)","PROFESSIONAL SERVICES","ADVISORY"]}
{"title":"AFFIDAVIT OF DOMICILE","definition":"The address of a now deceased person in documentation. Its required to start procedings of property transferance.","related":["COMMERCIAL\nDOMICILE SEE DOMICILE","RIGHT OF DOMICILE","DOMICILE","STATE OF DOMICILE","NATIONAL DOMICILE","DOMICILE OF SUCCESSION","NECESSARY DOMICILE","ELECTED DOMICILE","FREE DOMICILE","CHANGE OF DOMICILE"]}
{"title":"AFFINITY FRAUD","definition":"Setting up a fake investment opportunities. Its a fraud scam set up by a group.","related":["AFFINITY GROUP","CERTIFIED FRAUD EXAMINER (CFE)","ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED FRAUD EXAMINERS (ACFE)","FRAUD","AFFINITY","AFFINITY CARD","AFFINITY DIAGRAM","QUASI AFFINITY","AFFINITY MARKETING","AFFINITY GROUP FARE"]}
{"title":"AFTER-ACQUIRED CLAUSE","definition":"Any assets bought by the borrower to be included as collateral for the original loan. Refer to floating charge.","related":["AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY","GRACE PERIOD CLAUSE","AFTER-ACQUIRED","ACQUIRED NEEDS THEORY","ACQUIRED SURPLUS","ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE","ACQUIRED ADVANTAGE","ACQUIRED RIGHTS","MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGE (MAC) CLAUSE","CONTRACTOR ACQUIRED PROPERTY"]}
{"title":"AGE DISCRIMINATION","definition":"Treating a party poorly because of their age.","related":["DISCRIMINATION","AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT","REVERSE DISCRIMINATION","PRICE DISCRIMINATION","RATE DISCRIMINATION","ROBINSON-PATMAN ANTI- DISCRIMINATION ACT","MEDICAL SUPPLIES","REPROCESSING","DATES CONVERSION","WASTE TREATMENT"]}
{"title":"AGENCY CAPTIVE","definition":"A CAPTIVE, owned by one or more INSURANCE AGENTS, which is used to write insurance cover for a large number of third party clients. See also GROUP CAPTIVE, PROTECTED CELL COMPANY,PURE CAPTIVE, RENTACAPTIVE, SISTER CAPTIVE.","related":["GROUP CAPTIVE","SENIOR CAPTIVE","PURE CAPTIVE","RENTACAPTIVE","SISTER CAPTIVE","CAPTIVE BANK","CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANY","CAPTIVE FINANCE COMPANY","CAPTIVE MARKET","AMERICAN AGENCY SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"AGENT BANK","definition":"A BANK forming part of a SYNDICATE arranging a LOAN for a borrower that is responsible for protecting the interests of all other syndicate banks. The lead bank arranging the loan is often selected as the agent bank. See also AGENT.","related":["BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","BUYER AGENT","CONSORTIUM BANK","CENTRAL BANK","MERCANTILE AGENT","BANK LOAN INSTRUMENT","BANK LENDING SURVEY","EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)","AUTHORIZED SETTLEMENT AGENT","BANK BURGLARY AND ROBBERY INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"APPROVAL BASIS","definition":"Accepting a document conditionally only if both parties agree. Refer to documents sent on approval.","related":["APPROVAL","PRIOR APPROVAL RATING FORMS","PRE-APPROVAL","SALE-ON-APPROVAL","SALE ON APPROVAL A","JUSTIFICATION AND APPROVAL","APPROVAL PROOF","APPROVAL AUTHORITY","COLLECTION BASIS","POSITIVE BASIS"]}
{"title":"AQUEOUS WASTE","definition":"Any liquid waste that is waterbased. It may have floating or settled debris like oil, paint, or rust.","related":["SANITARY LIQUID WASTE","WASTE REDUCTION","TRADE WASTE","WASTE CHARACTERIZATION","WASTE EXCHANGE","COMMERCIAL WASTE","WASTE STREAM","WASTE RECYCLING","WASTE GENERATION","WASTE TO ENERGY"]}
{"title":"ARCHITECTURE","definition":"The design of a building, structure, or system that is a functional whole.","related":["GREEN ARCHITECTURE","ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE","OBJECT ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE","NETWORK ARCHITECTURE","SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE","PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE","BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE","DATA ARCHITECTURE","COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE","TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE"]}
{"title":"ARISING OUT OF EMPLOYMENT","definition":"Any incident that occurs at work covered by workers compenstation laws.","related":["EMPLOYMENT VERIFICATION","ABOVE FULL-EMPLOYMENT EQUILIBRIUM","FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ACT","FULL EMPLOYMENT","FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT","GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT","EMPLOYMENT SITUATION REPORT","EMPLOYMENT AT WILL","EMPLOYMENT","TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT"]}
{"title":"ARRESTABLE OFFENSE","definition":"An act with a fixed sentence or a minimum sentence. No warrant is needed if the party has or is about to commit such an offense.","related":["OFFENSE QUASI","INCLUDED OFFENSE","SAME OFFENSE","STATUTORY OFFENSE","NEGLIGENT OFFENSE","EXTRANEOUS OFFENSE","OFFENSE CRIMINAL","FEDERAL OFFENSE","CRIMINAL OFFENSE","CUMULATIVE OFFENSE"]}
{"title":"AS IS","definition":"A clause stating that an item is bought with no warranty. The buyer takes the item as it is with any apparent or nonapparent faults.","related":["WARRANTY PAYABLE","HOSTILE TAKEOVER","DE WARRANTIA CHART","WARRANTIA CHARTS","CONDITIONAL SALE AGREEMENT","MARKET VALUE","ENTIRE CONTRACT CLAUSE","PURCHASE AGREEMENT","ALL FAULTS","WARRANDICE"]}
{"title":"ASH","definition":"The aftermath of coal that contains alumina, iron, silica, and noncombustables. It is measured by the weight of the coal and what is left after burning it. Refer to fly ash.","related":["PORTLAND CEMENT","CARGO AGENT","TONNE OF COAL EQUIVALENT (TCE)","CAST IRON","BESSEMER PROCESS","COAL","ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE (ADI)","LEGAL WEIGHT","COKE","MANUFACTURED GAS"]}
{"title":"ASSAY TON","definition":"The amount of ore taken that is close to the 2000 pound ton.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","LONG TON","Labor Law","WEIGHT TON","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ASSET CLASS","definition":"The category of investments for stocks, bonds, funds, options, and futures.","related":["ASSET RATIONALIZATION","ASSET ALLOCATION FUND","ASSET VALUE PER SHARE","REAL ASSET","ASSET REDEPLOYMENT","ASSET","RISK-WEIGHTED ASSET","DISTRESSED ASSET","ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT (ALM)","CLASS ‘C’"]}
{"title":"ASSET PURCHASE","definition":"When a buyer and seller agree to sell a companies assets. Only the agreed upon assets are sold and retitled. A new owner must decide the liabilities to take on.","related":["PURCHASE AGREEMENT","PURCHASE PRICE","CONTRACT PURCHASE","LEASE PURCHASE","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","PURCHASE ORDER","RESTRICTED ASSET","PURCHASE TRANSACTION","ASSET STRIPPING","ASSET REDEPLOYMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSET-BASED LOAN","definition":"A RECOURSE or NONRECOURSE LOAN granted by a BANK to a customer for use in acquiring INVENTORY, machinery, equipment, or other fixed ASSETS (apart from real estate). The underlying asset is often used to secure the loan.","related":["ASSET CONVERSION LOAN","FULL RECOURSE LOAN","PARTIAL RECOURSE LOAN","ASSET","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","TANGIBLE ASSET","LOAN VALUE","BROKER LOAN"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS","definition":"When the insured allows an insurer to pay the claim directly to a third party.","related":["ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS","RESTORATION OF BENEFITS","ASSIGNMENT OF RENTS","ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE","ASSIGNMENT OF COPYRIGHT","ASSIGNMENT OF PROCEEDS","ASSIGNMENT UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","DEBT ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT CLAUSE"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATE BROKER","definition":"A broker whose license is held under another broker. It is to ensure the best service is given due to the supervision needed. They are called broker associates, broker salespersons, or affiliate brokers.","related":["ASSOCIATE IN CLAIMS (AIC)","LISTING BROKER","ASSOCIATE","DEEP DISCOUNT BROKER","SUB BROKER","STREET BROKER","FULL SERVICE BROKER","EXCESS LINE BROKER","BROKER AGENT","INTRODUCING BROKER"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","definition":"A REINSURANCE mechanism where a REINSURER assumes the CEDING INSURER","related":["AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","PRO RATA REINSURANCE","NONADMITTED REINSURANCE","FINITE REINSURANCE","TREATY REINSURANCE","SURPLUS REINSURANCE","COINSURANCE PLAN OF REINSURANCE","SECOND SURPLUS REINSURANCE","CLASH REINSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AT BEST","definition":"When an agent is told to buy or sell at the best price no matter what the trend.","related":["AT LIMIT","ATTHECLOSE ORDER","MOHATRA","EXHAUSTION GAP","EXCLUSIVE LISTING","SALES AGENCY","EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO SELL LISTING","GUARANTEED PRICE","CANDLESTICK CHART","FACTOR"]}
{"title":"ATM SKIMMING","definition":"When ATMs are frauded using a card reader that looks like part of the machine but isnt. It saves the card numbers and pins to make counterfit copies.","related":["SKIMMING","SKIMMING PRICE","MARKET SKIMMING PRICING","MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","BANK CARD","CARD NOT PRESENT","MAGNETIC STRIPE READER","CHIP AND PIN","SWIPE","POLYGRAPH"]}
{"title":"ATTHECLOSE ORDER","definition":"When an agent is told to buy at closing price or cancel their orders.","related":["MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","STOP BUY ORDER","ORDER FILL","AT THE CLOSE ORDER","ALL-OR-NONE ORDER","ORDER TAKER","LIMIT ORDER INFORMATION SYSTEM","LIMIT ON CLOSE ORDER","ATTHEOPENING ORDER","CANCELING ORDER"]}
{"title":"ATTRIBUTES DATA","definition":"Data that represents units. It is used to show the amount of that unit that is owned and how it responds to a variable.","related":["FINANCIAL ATTRIBUTES","ACTIVITY ATTRIBUTES","ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES","DATA STRUCTURE","PANEL DATA","DATA ITEM","DATA MANAGEMENT","DATA LOGGING","DATA FIELD","DATA ELEMENT"]}
{"title":"AUDIT DEPARTMENT","definition":"A department that supervises record keeping and accounting. It makes procedures and rules to keep things to code. Periodic audits are done to ensure efficiency.","related":["ORGANIC ACT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","DEPARTMENT","AUDIT COMMITTEE","BROKERAGE DEPARTMENT","JUSTICE DEPARTMENT","DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION","PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT","TRUST DEPARTMENT","DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)","PRODUCTION SERVICE DEPARTMENT"]}
{"title":"AUDITOR’S DISCLAIMER OF OPINION","definition":"When an auditor states they do not know a companies position due to not being finished or there is not enough information. Refer to adverse opinion and qualified opinion.","related":["AUDITOR’S OPINION","AUDITOR’S QUALIFIED OPINION","AUDITOR’S ADVERSE OPINION","ADVERSE OPINION","QUALIFIED OPINION","QUALITY AUDITOR","QUALIFIED AUDITOR","MONOMORPHIC OPINION LEADERSHIP","LEGAL OPINION","JUDICIAL OPINION"]}
{"title":"ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","definition":"Giving another party a pension or retirement plan benefits. A creditor cannot get them if this is done.","related":["ACCRUED BENEFITS","OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS (OPEB)","ALLOCATED BENEFITS","ALIENATION","ACCIDENT AND HEALTH BENEFITS","ALIENATION CLAUSE","ALIENATION OF PROPERTY","ALIENATION OFFICE","EMPLOYEE BENEFITS","ALIENATION OF ASSETS"]}
{"title":"ALL OTHER LIKE PERILS","definition":"Insurance that covers all possible risks even ones not named in a policy. Aka all other perils and misfortunes.","related":["FIRE AND ALLIED PERILS","OPEN PERILS","ADDITIONAL PERILS","PERILS OF THE SEA","NAMED PERILS","COMMERCIAL UMBRELLA POLICY","ALL RISKS INSURANCE","SPECIAL PERSONAL PROPERTY FORM","ASSURED","INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATED BENEFITS","definition":"A payment from a retirement plan. It is paid after all payments are made. It is a guaranteed income and is insured.","related":["ALLOCATED QUANTITY","ALLOCATED STOCK","TOTAL ALLOCATED BUDGET","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ACCIDENT AND HEALTH BENEFITS","ELECTIVE BENEFITS","EMPLOYEE BENEFITS","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING","ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS","MEANS-TESTED BENEFITS"]}
{"title":"ALLOYING ELEMENT","definition":"A metal or non metal that can be added to a base metal to make it better.","related":["Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Secured Transactions","Labor Law","First Amendment","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)","definition":"A process adopted to end a problem before taking legal action.","related":["ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION","DISPUTE","AUDIT RESOLUTION","AMOUNT OF DISPUTE","JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTE","LEGAL DISPUTE","LABOR DISPUTE","MATTER IN DISPUTE","TRADE DISPUTE","ALTERNATE"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE STAFFING","definition":"Hiring someone part time or seasonally. AKA contingent staffing.","related":["CONTINGENT STAFFING","STAFFING","FLEXIBLE STAFFING","ALTERNATIVE RISK TRANSFER (ART)","ALTERNATIVE","ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS","ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT","ALTERNATIVE ROUTING","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN BREAKFAST","definition":"When a hotel offers breakfast. It includes 2 eggs, bacon or sausage, bread or toast, jelly, butter, pancakes, cereal, coffee, tea, and juice. AKA american style breakfast. Refer to continental breakfast and english breakfast.","related":["Privacy Policy","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Comparative Constitutional Law","CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST","Evidence 2","Contracts I (Hillman)","Remedies","EN PENSION RATE","First Amendment","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN MUNICIPAL BOND ASSURANCE CORPORATION (AMBAC)","definition":"A provider of insurance that helps serve issures of bonds. A high credit rating occurs because there is low risk.","related":["MUNICIPAL CORPORATION","MUNICIPAL BOND","MUNICIPAL BOND INSURANCE","QUALITY BOND","ASSURANCE","MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENT CERTIFICATE","MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT (MUD)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","BOND SPREAD","COURT OF POLICIES OF ASSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION OF BOND PREMIUM","definition":"How much is paid during the bonds life and where it should be put on a financial statement.","related":["AMORTIZATION OF BOND DISCOUNT","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","AMORTIZATION OF BOND COSTS","TARGETED AMORTIZATION CLASS (TAC) BOND","PLANNED AMORTIZATION CLASS (PAC) BOND","UNAMORTIZED BOND PREMIUM","PREMIUM OVER BOND VALUE","BOND PREMIUM","PREMIUM BOND","LOW-PREMIUM CONVERTIBLE BOND"]}
{"title":"AMPERE (A)","definition":"A metric unit for electric current. It is the current flowing through one volt for one ohm. It is named after the scientist who discovered it Andre Marie Ampare.","related":["Labor Law","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","VOLT-AMPERE (VA)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"ANALYTICAL STUDY","definition":"The mathematical study of a cause and effect.","related":["COHORT STUDY","LONGITUDINAL STUDY","MARKETABILITY STUDY","DESCRIPTIVE STUDY","ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES","ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE","PREFEASIBILITY STUDY","ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)","STUDY","BASELINE STUDY"]}
{"title":"ANGELS","definition":"A high risk investor that likes new acquisitions that seem to be profitable. They have experience and help on the board.","related":["GRINDER","PROXY CONTEST","ACCREDITED INVESTOR","BALANCED INVESTMENT STRATEGY","BOARD OF TRUSTEES","DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL","NONINSURABLE RISK","SOPHISTICATED INVESTOR","CROSS-ASSET HEDGE","DUAL BOARD SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL MEETING","definition":"The term for annual general meeting (AGI) used in the United States","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Constitution of The United States of America","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Secured Transactions","Bill Of Rights","Family Law","Comparative Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"ANNUALIZED INCOME INSTALLMENT METHOD","definition":"The way taxes are done by taxpayers that don’t get even payments. It is done on a quarterly rate. Tax under payment penalties may be reduced.","related":["ANNUALIZED INCOME","BALANCE SHEET METHOD OF COMPUTING TAXABLE INCOME","INSTALLMENT","ANNUALIZED RATE","INSTALLMENT OPTION","ANNUALIZED HOURS","HISTORICAL METHOD","PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES","PURCHASE METHOD","RECURRING INCOME"]}
{"title":"ANOMALY","definition":"1. any thing different from the norm expected. 2. any physical abnormality.","related":["TARIFF ANOMALY","NORM","TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE","FUNCTIONAL DISEASE","SUBPAR","STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION","EXPECTED CREDIT LOSS","CASH FLOW UNDERWRITING","TAILORING","NORMATIVE INFLUENCE"]}
{"title":"ANTIGREENMAIL PROVISION","definition":"A clause in a charter that prevents buyback of stockshared for the board of directors. Managers cannot buy back stock at premiums because of greenmail.","related":["TIDE PROVISION","FREEZE-OUT PROVISION","CLAIM PROVISION","VALUE RECOVERY PROVISION","UNPAID PREMIUM PROVISION","TAG ALONG PROVISION","PROVISION","CO-PAY PROVISION","SPENDTHRIFT PROVISION","PORCUPINE PROVISION"]}
{"title":"ANYTOANY DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING","definition":"The structure of an online market that computers use to communicate with other computer systems. Logical connections are made rather than wired ones.","related":["GRID COMPUTING","REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTING (RISC)","FULLY DISTRIBUTED","CLOUD COMPUTING","BALANCE SHEET METHOD OF COMPUTING TAXABLE INCOME","THOUGHT ORGANIZER","NETWORK ARCHITECTURE","ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER (OEM)","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","DATA COMMUNICATIONS"]}
{"title":"APPLETON RULE","definition":"In New York every insurer must comply with the New York codes. If they aer from another state they must still follow New York rules.","related":["HOT STONE RULE","CONSOLIDATION RULE","APEX RULE","MIRANDA RULE","RULE, n","BENEFITS RECEIVED RULE","BEFORE-AND-AFTER RULE","RULE,","RULE 240","VALUE RULE"]}
{"title":"APPLICATIONS (APPS)","definition":"A program whose base is in software or the web that is an interface for a task. They can be on a hard drive, the internet, or through a smart phone.","related":["ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS","SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS OF FUNDS STATEMENT","EXPERT SYSTEM","APPLICATION PROGRAM","PROPRIETARY FORMAT","PORTABILITY","OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)","EMULATOR","QUICKBOOKS","KERMIT"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL METHOD OF DEPRECIATION","definition":"When depreciation charges are placed at a time when the value of an item is less than it used to be.","related":["UNITS OF PRODUCTION METHOD OF DEPRECIATION","SINKING FUND METHOD OF DEPRECIATION","ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION","DECLINING BALANCE DEPRECIATION","UNITS-OF-OUTPUT DEPRECIATION","GENERAL DEPRECIATION SYSTEM (GDS)","PRE-DEPRECIATION PROFIT","COMPOSITE DEPRECIATION","BOOK DEPRECIATION","DEPRECIATION SCHEDULE"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY","definition":"In parliament this group manages and implements an act of government.","related":["AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (AID)","ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SOCIETY","ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER","AGENCY SECURITY","AGENCY CAPTIVE","AGENCY BOND","AGENCY PAYMENTS","FEDERAL AGENCY","GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE","definition":"The amount of use a record gets based on its information offered. AKA operational value. Refer to evidential value.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLS","ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ONLY (ASO)","ADMINISTRATIVE HIERARCHY","ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGE","ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT","ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE DIRECTIVE","definition":"A document about final wishes of an individual. It is drawn up in case the person becomes unable to make their own decisions. AKA living will.","related":["MUTUAL RECOGNITION DIRECTIVE","ADVANCE OPTION","ADVANCE REFUNDING","ADVANCE COPY","ADVANCE AGAINST DOCUMENTS","ADVANCE","ADVANCE AGAINST COLLECTION","ADVANCE SETTLEMENT","ADVANCE-DECLINE","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE"]}
{"title":"ADVANCED TREATMENT OF WATER","definition":"A rule that states pollution must be reduced 85% before its reintroduction into the environment.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Property Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE TRUSTEE","definition":"A party related to a person owning a trust. Or an employee who has interest in the company trust.","related":["TRUSTEE","ADVERSE PARTY","TRUSTEE IN BANKRUPTCY","TRUSTEE QUASI","DE SON TORT TRUSTEE","TESTAMENTARY TRUSTEE","PUBLIC TRUSTEE","TRUSTEE-TO-TRUSTEE TRANSFER","ADVERSE INTEREST","BARE TRUSTEE"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING EFFICIENCY","definition":"The analysis that looks at the cost of advertising and the amount of profit from the audience reached.","related":["ADVERTISING BRIEF","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION","COMPARISON ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING AWARENESS","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING","UNFAIR ADVERTISING","TRADE ADVERTISING","EFFICIENCY ENGINEER","BAIT AND SWITCH ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVICE FOR ADVISING BANK","definition":"When an issuing bank speaks to their advising bank.","related":["ADVISING BANK","LETTER OF ADVICE","ADVICE OF ACCEPTANCE","CONFIRMING BANK","ADVICE OF FATE","ADVICE OF CREDIT","BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","ADVICE","ADVICE NOTE","INDEPENDENT ADVICE"]}
{"title":"ASSUMED INTEREST RATE","definition":"The profit on a variable anniuty after the first income payment is taken out.","related":["BELOW MARKET INTEREST RATE","INTEREST RATE","PURE RATE OF INTEREST","OFFICIAL INTEREST RATE","MARKET INTEREST RATE","INTEREST RATE FUTURE","INTEREST RATE DIFFERENTIAL","INTEREST RATE DERIVATIVE","FORWARD INTEREST RATE","LEGAL RATE OF INTEREST"]}
{"title":"ASYNCHRONOUS TRAINING","definition":"Training that occurs at a distance. Iteraction between trainee and trainer is intermitent.","related":["CONFERENCE TRAINING","ON THE JOB TRAINING (OJT)","TRANSFER OF TRAINING","TRAINING PLAN","SINK OR SWIM TRAINING","TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS","ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION","ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION","ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE (ATM)","ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND XML (AJAX)"]}
{"title":"AT-HIT OPTION","definition":"A BINARY OPTION that grants the buyer an immediate payoff equal to a fixed ASSET or cash value if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference breaches the BARRIER at any time during the transaction. See also ASSETATHIT OPTION, ATEXPIRY OPTION,BINARYBARRIER OPTION, CASHATHIT OPTION.","related":["BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","BARRIER OPTION","ASIAN OPTION"]}
{"title":"ATTENDING PHYSICIAN’S STATEMENT","definition":"A physician’s report about an insurance companies client. It helps decide if they will be approved.","related":["PHYSICIAN CONTINGENCY RESERVE","ATTENDED BY A PHYSICIAN","PHYSICIAN","PHYSICIAN PARTNERSHIPS","PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN","PHYSICIAN-PATIENT PRIVILEGE","PHYSICIAN’S CURRENT PROCEDURAL TERMINOLOGY (CPT)","BANK STATEMENT","SAFETY STATEMENT","ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)"]}
{"title":"ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE","definition":"A dangerous feature on property that may cause trespassing. All prevention is on the shoulders of the owner.","related":["ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE DOCTRINE","ATTRACTIVE MERCHANDISE","ACTIONABLE NUISANCE","NUISANCE","CIVIL NUISANCE","NUISANCE ACTIONABLE","ABSOLUTE NUISANCE","NUISANCE VALUE","NUISANCE PER SE","ABATABLE NUISANCE"]}
{"title":"AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION (ABC)","definition":"An independent non profit group that published the companies traffic in print media.","related":["VALUE FOR MONEY AUDIT","EXTERNAL AUDIT","CIRCULATION","BUREAU RATE","RESTRICTED CIRCULATION","WASTE CIRCULATION","CIRCULATION EXPENSES","AMOUNT OUTSTANDING AND IN CIRCULATION","AUDIT OPINION","ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT"]}
{"title":"AUDITING FOR COMPLIANCE","definition":"Watching a process to see its done properly.","related":["ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE MONITORING","REGULATORY COMPLIANCE RISK","ETHICAL AUDITING","AUDITING EVIDENCE","AUDITING STANDARDS","GENERALLY ACCEPTED AUDITING STANDARDS (GAAS)","COMPLIANCE","COMPLIANCE AUDIT","COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE","VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE"]}
{"title":"AUTARKY","definition":"An economic system without any external trade, or one where trade is reduced or eliminated through barriers and quotas.","related":["CUSTOMS UNION","ACCELERATED TARIFF ELIMINATION","GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE (GATT)","FREE TRADE","GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT)","FREE TRADE AGREEMENT","COMMON MARKET","STANDARDS CODE","VENT FOR SURPLUS","OPEN ECONOMY"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED BANK","definition":"A bank the government uses to move decentralized payments. The payment are normally limited to the countries central payment agency.","related":["CENTRAL BANK","EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB)","BANK EXAMINATION","BANK TO BANK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","AUTHORIZED SETTLEMENT AGENT","COLLECTING BANK","RESERVE BANK OF INDIA","BANK OF CANADA","BANK LENDING SURVEY","BANK NOTE"]}
{"title":"AUTOFLAMMABLE","definition":"Any substance that catches fire with no help making a spark.","related":["SPONTANEOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE","FIRE RETARDANT","INCINERATION","NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)","FIRE RESISTANT","CHEMICAL ANTIDOTE","CHEMICAL PROPERTY","DECOCTION","EQUIVALENT","BONDING OF CONTAINERS"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE","definition":"When data is input into a computer without any human assistance. A barcode, magnetic strip, optical recognition, radio frequency identification, and even speech recognition. Refer to electronic data capture.","related":["DATA CAPTURE","ELECTRONIC DATA CAPTURE","ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)","DATA ENTRY","DATA LOGGING","CAPTURE","DATA PROCESSING","DATA TRANSFER RATE (DTR)","DATA COLLECTION","DATA ACCESS TIME"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC STAY","definition":"A legal provision afforded to a debtor in BANKRUPTCY that prohibits filing of lawsuits against the company and limits the ability of creditors to dispose of COLLATERAL held as security. While creditors in general cannot sell any of the debtor","related":["AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING","AUTOMATIC REINSTATEMENT CLAUSE","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION","STAY","AUTOMATIC","AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","AUTOMATIC PAYMENTS","TEMPORARY STAY","STAY OF ACTION"]}
{"title":"AUTOREGRESSION","definition":"When the data from a previous time period affect the next one.","related":["AUTOREGRESSION ANALYSIS","BASE PERIOD","JUDICIAL ESTOPPEL","OPENING BALANCE","BROUGHT DOWN","EXPONENTIAL MOVING AVERAGE (EMA)","DATA MANAGEMENT","YEAR-OVER-YEAR (YOY)","BROUGHT FORWARD","THROUGHPUT"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE HOURS","definition":"The hours that a resource is available for use.","related":["BUSINESS HOURS","EXTENDED HOURS TRADING","STANDARD HOURS","AFTER-HOURS TRADING","ANNUALIZED HOURS","STANDARD HOURS ALLOWED","PROPER RESOURCE PRICING","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME CAPACITY VARIANCE","LABOR IDLE TIME VARIANCE","PROVED DEVELOPED RESERVES (PDR)"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE DAILY VOLUME","definition":"When the trading sessions are divided by the shares traded for that time. It can be done annualy or monthly.","related":["AVERAGE DAILY BALANCE (ADB)","DAILY AVERAGE REVENUE TRADES (DARTS)","VOLUME","TRADING VOLUME","DAILY INTEREST ACCOUNT","DAILY TRADING LIMIT","SALES VOLUME","BREAKEVEN VOLUME","VOLUME REDUCTION","SALES/VOLUME ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE PAYMENT PERIOD","definition":"The time a company takes to pay off purchases with credit. This keeps the working capital from changing.","related":["AVERAGE PAYMENT METHOD","AVERAGE SETTLEMENT PERIOD","AVERAGE COLLECTION PERIOD","AVERAGE WORKING CAPITAL","FRANKED PAYMENT","PAYMENT PLAN","GO SHOP PERIOD","TIME PERIOD ASSUMPTION","CASH PAYBACK PERIOD","COLLECTION PERIOD"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","definition":"POTENTIAL EXPOSURE of an OVERTHECOUNTER DERIVATIVE that is based on the average maturity of the transaction and the worstcase movement of the UNDERLYING market reference. See also AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE, TERMINAL EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE, TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE.","related":["AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","TERMINAL EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","AVERAGE EXPOSURE","TERMINAL WORSTCASE RISK EXPOSURE","FRACTIONAL EXPOSURE","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","WORST CASE SCENARIO","TERMINAL EXPOSURE","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","ASYMMETRIC RISK EXPOSURE"]}
{"title":"AWARENESS","definition":"How well a brand or company is knows. A target is set to increase sales.","related":["BRAND AWARENESS","ADVERTISING AWARENESS","CONSUMER AWARENESS","ATTITUDE SURVEY","BRAND DEVELOPMENT INDEX (BDI)","MARKET SHARE","SALES OBJECTIVE","MARKET POSITION","BRAND HARVESTING","BRAND PREFERENCE"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONALITY","definition":"A new input that adds to existing inputs leaving a bigger aggregate.","related":["ELASTICITY OF TECHNICAL SUBSTITUTION","MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY THEORY OF DISTRIBUTION","PRODUCT PRICE INDEX (PPI)","PORTION DISPONIBEE","MACROECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM","PRO RATA","DATA CAPTURE","MARGINAL RATE OF TECHNICAL SUBSTITUTION","CONCRETE","RETROSPECTIVE FINITE POLICY"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE COVERAGE","definition":"A policy that guarantees to replace a loss at the current price.","related":["UNINSURED MOTORIST COVERAGE","EXTENDED COVERAGE","FULL COVERAGE","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","EMPLOYEE DISHONESTY COVERAGE FORM","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE SAMPLE"]}
{"title":"AGED FAIL","definition":"A FAILTO RECEIVE or FAILTO DELIVER between two parties that is not settled within 30 days. In most instances the party expecting to receive securities must remove the entry from the ASSET accounts on the balance sheet until the error is resolved. Aged fails may signal increased PROCESS RISK.","related":["FAIL TO DELIVER","FAIL TO RECEIVE","AGED ASSETS","FAIL SOFT","FAIL SAFE","TOO BIG TO FAIL","FAIL","EQUITY METHOD","ENDOGENOUS LIQUIDITY","OFF BALANCE SHEET FINANCING (OBSF)"]}
{"title":"AGENCY RISK","definition":"The loss that occurs when an agent abuses power to benefit themselves. AKA agency cost.","related":["AGENCY PROBLEM","AGENCY COST","AGENCY","AGENCY IN FACT","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","AGENCY COST VIEW","AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL","OSTENSIBLE AGENCY","APPARENT AGENCY","SALES AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE DEMAND","definition":"The total amount spent on final goods and services. In an open economy this is generally considered to be the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. See also AGGREGATE SUPPLY.","related":["LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE SUPPLY","AGGREGATE LIABILITY","AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE (AE)","AGGREGATE INDEMNITY","NOTIONAL DEMAND","AGGREGATE AND SOLE","ADVERTISING ELASTICITY OF DEMAND","AGGREGATE INCOME","DEMAND SHOCK"]}
{"title":"AGGRESSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","definition":"Investing resources in high yield but risky securities. Also investing less in safer debt securities. Refer to balanced investment strategy and defensive investment strategy.","related":["DEFENSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","BALANCED INVESTMENT STRATEGY","PASSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","MARKET NEUTRAL STRATEGY","AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND","EXIT STRATEGY","UNIT INVESTMENT TRUST (UIT)","LOW COST STRATEGY","COMPOUND OPTION STRATEGY","AGGRESSIVE"]}
{"title":"AGRONOMY","definition":"The study of how crops and land are managed by farmers. The study is done by the division of agriculture and are called agronomists. Experiments are run on crops on a large scale.","related":["AGRICULTURE","FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION","DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE","CROPPER","IN GROSS","MANUFACTURING","PLANTATION","COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION (CCC)","SEVERANCE","RUNNING LEASE"]}
{"title":"AIR QUALITY RELATED VALUE","definition":"The way air pollutants effect the value of the surrounding area.","related":["AIR QUALITY STANDARDS","ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OBJECTIVE","CAUSE RELATED MARKETING","CONTENT RELATED VALIDITY (CRV)","DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUPS","BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS","FEDERALLY RELATED INSTITUTION","TAX-RELATED INCOMES POLICY (TIP)","TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS)","SEVEN TOOLS OF QUALITY"]}
{"title":"AIRPORT ACCESS FEE","definition":"A fee charged by management for car rentals in an airport. The rental company charges the customer more due to this fee. Refer to airport tax.","related":["AIRPORT TO AIRPORT","AIRPORT TRANSFER","AIRPORT REVENUE BOND","AIRPORT TAX","ACCESS CHARGE","AIRPORT","ACCESS LEVEL","ACCESS CONTROL LIST","DENIAL-OF-ACCESS COVER","DATA ACCESS TIME"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE SETTLEMENT","definition":"In INSURANCE, payment of a CLAIM by the INSURER to the INSURED prior to the settlement date.","related":["ADVANCE PREMIUM","PARTIAL SETTLEMENT","SETTLEMENT COST","VIATICAL SETTLEMENT COMPANY","ADVANCE PAYMENT BOND","ADVANCE PURCHASE FARE","VIATICAL SETTLEMENT","ADVANCE REFUNDING","ADVANCE NOTICE","EUROPEAN LIFE SETTLEMENT ASSOCIATION (ELSA)"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE EFFECT","definition":"A negative effect caused by environmental factors. This occurs when the body reacts unfavorably to a sudden change.","related":["NO OBSERVABLE ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)","ACUTE EFFECT","SPILLOUT EFFECT","CHRONIC EFFECT","STOCHASTIC EFFECT","SUBSTITUTION EFFECT","SYNERGISTIC EFFECT","NOAH EFFECT","ADVERSE WITNESS","CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING BRIEF","definition":"A document an advertising agency draws up with the objectives, target audience, strategies, timeframe, and total cost. Its like an advertising contract.","related":["ADVERTISING EFFICIENCY","ADVERTISING AWARENESS","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION","COMPARISON ADVERTISING","RECIPROCAL ADVERTISING","UNFAIR ADVERTISING","SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING","TRADE ADVERTISING","BAIT AND SWITCH ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING MEDIA"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING SALES RATIO","definition":"The way a company measures its marketing strategy. The expenses and sales are used to get the figure. A lower number is better than a higher one.","related":["ADVERTISING TO SALES RATIO","SALES TO CASH FLOW RATIO","PRICE TO SALES (PS) RATIO","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TO SALES RATIO","TOTAL ASSETS TO SALES RATIO","DEPRECIATION TO SALES RATIO","WORKING CAPITAL TO SALES RATIO","OPERATING CASH FLOW TO SALES RATIO","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO","CAPITAL EXPENDITURE TO SALES RATIO"]}
{"title":"ADVISOR ACCOUNT","definition":"An account managed by the customer who takes advise from their broker.","related":["INVESTMENT ADVISOR","COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR","BROKERAGE ACCOUNT","ACCOUNT MANAGER","DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNT","COMMODITY TRADING ADVISOR (CTA)","ACCREDITED ADVISOR IN INSURANCE","REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISOR (RIA)","FROZEN ACCOUNT","SAMPLE ACCOUNT"]}
{"title":"AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR","definition":"Any acting out that is done to get a result. Salesman use this to get new accounts.","related":["BEHAVIOR","BAD BEHAVIOR","WORKPLACE BEHAVIOR","TERMINAL BEHAVIOR","ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR","OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR","BUYING BEHAVIOR","BEHAVIOR SEGMENTATION","BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION","GOOD BEHAVIOR"]}
{"title":"AFFINITY DIAGRAM","definition":"A tool used to organize a meeting. It helps to take different ideas in a similar category to promote problem solving. They are called affinity sets. AKA KJ method named after its inventor Jiro Kawakita and affinity chart.","related":["MATRIX DIAGRAM","AFFINITY","TREE DIAGRAM","AFFINITY FRAUD","AFFINITY GROUP","AFFINITY CARD","AFFINITY MARKETING","QUASI AFFINITY","AFFINITY GROUP FARE","BOX DIAGRAM"]}
{"title":"AFTER THE BELL","definition":"The time after the close of a trading session. Some news are saved for after trading. Refer to before the bell and embargo.","related":["CLOSING BELL","MA BELL","BELL-SHAPED-CURVE PORTFOLIO","BELL CURVE","OPENING BELL","MAXIMUM PRICE FLUCTUATION","NEWS FEED","LIMIT ORDER INFORMATION SYSTEM","OUTER HOUSE","EXTENDED HOURS TRADING"]}
{"title":"AGE AND LIFE CYCLE","definition":"Organizing an age group based on their life stage. This changes as a person ages. The stages are child, young adult, adult, and older adult.","related":["LIFE CYCLE","LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT","PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE","LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT","LIFE CYCLE COSTING","LIFE CYCLE OF A RECORD","SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)","LIFE CYCLE PROCESSING","LIFE CYCLE COST","LIFE-CYCLE PLANNING"]}
{"title":"AGENCY BY RATIFICATION","definition":"When an agent is chosen by accepting their unauthorized acts.","related":["RATIFICATION","AGENCY","SALES AGENCY","AGENCY IN FACT","AGENCY PROBLEM","AGENCY COST","AGENCY BY APPOINTMENT","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","APPARENT AGENCY","AGENCY RISK"]}
{"title":"ASEPTIC","definition":"The state of being sterilized in a small area to reduce exposure.","related":["ASEPTIC PACKAGING","ACTUAL EXPOSURE","SELL DOWN","GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSIFICATION","HEAT OF PASSION","LOAN CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP (LCDS)","AVERAGE WORST-CASE RISK EXPOSURE","AVERAGE EXPECTED RISK EXPOSURE","ACUTE EXPOSURE","TERMINAL EXPOSURE"]}
{"title":"ASPHYXIANT","definition":"A gas that causes a loss of consciousness or death when oxygen is choked out by it. It is common when working in small spaces. Oxygen level are reduced and can become dangerous.","related":["CONFINED SPACE","AURA EPILEPTIC A","HEMATOPOIETIC","OXIDIZING AGENT","OXYGEN DEMANDING MATERIAL","FIT","OXYGENATE","BUSINESS DAY","SYSTEMIC RISK","PHASED RETIREMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSET ALLOCATION FUND","definition":"A mutual fund investing in bonds, metals, and real estate.","related":["ASSET ALLOCATION","JUNK BOND FUND","CLONE FUND","MONEY MARKET FUND","BALANCED FUND","TECHNOLOGY FUND","AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND","STOCK FUND","SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS MUTUAL FUND","UMBRELLA FUND"]}
{"title":"ASSET PROTECTION","definition":"To protect wealth from parties with a claim on it. It can be placed offshore in a trust keeping it out of local court systems.","related":["ASSET PROTECTION TRUST (APT)","PROTECTION OF ASSETS TRUST","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","CATHODIC PROTECTION","PROTECTION OF TRUSTEE","PRODUCTION INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (PIEP)","DATA PROTECTION LAWS","CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CFPA)","ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)","PROTECTION ORDER"]}
{"title":"ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","definition":"A BINARYBARRIER OPTION that grants the buyer a payoff at expiry equal to a fixed ASSET amount if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference breaches the BARRIER at any time during the transaction. See also ASSETATHIT OPTION, BINARY OPTION.ASSETATHIT OPTION A BINARYBARRIER OPTION that grants the buyer an immediate payoff equal to a fixed ASSET amount if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference exceeds the BARRIER. See also ASSETATEXPIRY OPTION, BINARY OPTION.ASSETBACKED SECURITY (ABS) A NOTE or BOND collateralized by CASH FLOWS from a pool of ASSETS such as ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, LEASES, or consumer or auto LOANS. Investors in ABS have an undivided interest in the assets that have been secured; assets in the pool are transferred to a SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITY established as a TRUST, which issues the securities that are sold to investors.","related":["AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","AT-HIT OPTION","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","DEFAULT OPTION","BARRIER OPTION"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT METHOD","definition":"The way costs are minimized by placing machines and work centers at specific locations.","related":["METHOD","ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS","ASSIGNMENT ANALYSIS","CASH METHOD","STAND-ALONE COST METHOD","ACTUARIAL COST METHOD","METHOD OF PROCUREMENT (MOP)","ONSITE SALES METHOD","OBJECTIVES AND TASK METHOD","CASH ACCUMULATION METHOD"]}
{"title":"ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY","definition":"Equipment that is placed in a business to help a person with disabilities. It can be furniture, appliances, or software. AKA adaptive technology.","related":["ENABLING TECHNOLOGY","TECHNOLOGY VALUATION","TECHNOLOGY FUND","CLEAN TECHNOLOGY","TECHNOLOGY COST","MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY (MANTECH)","HIGH TECHNOLOGY (HIGH TECH)","TECHNOLOGY","BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BAT)","TECHNOLOGY LICENSING"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION FEE","definition":"A change a lender puts on a buyer of property. This person assumes the mortgage. Refer to assumption of mortgage.","related":["ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE","WORKOUT ASSUMPTION","RISK ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF MORTGAGE","ASSUMPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION ENDORSEMENT","ASSUMPTION OF RISK","TIME PERIOD ASSUMPTION"]}
{"title":"ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE (ATM)","definition":"The high speed data transmissions used in networks for realtime voice, video, and data. The current limit is 25 to 622 million Mb/sec. If on optical fiber cable it cannot be used on telephone lines. AKA cell relay.","related":["ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION","MODE OF TRANSMISSION","ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND XML (AJAX)","SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION","ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION","SERIAL TRANSMISSION","ASYNCHRONOUS TRAINING","MODE","TRANSMISSION","FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION"]}
{"title":"ATLANTIC SPREAD","definition":"When a trader holds position in a european option and a corresponding american option.","related":["EVEN SPREAD","NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)","CALL SPREAD","PUT SPREAD","VERTICAL SPREAD","SPREAD OPTION","CREDIT SPREAD OPTION","BEAR SPREAD","DIAGONAL SPREAD","DEBIT SPREAD"]}
{"title":"ATTENUATION","definition":"The amount of energy lost as it travels. It is proportate to the distance it has to travel usually.","related":["Payment Systems","Patent Law","Torts (Selmi)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Family Law"]}
{"title":"ATTRIBUTE","definition":"1.an appealing element an item has that will make a customer want to buy it. It is what the seller wants you to think about their product. 2.the visual elemet placed on a numeric scale. It is compared to two extremes and is decided to be worthwhile or not","related":["TASK ATTRIBUTE","VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTE","ATTRIBUTE CONTROL CHART","CO-MANAGED INVENTORY","TESTIMONIAL ADVERTISING","PURCHASE RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES","PSYCHOGRAPHICS","TEST MARKETING","API GRAVITY","EXPRESS WARRANTY"]}
{"title":"AUDIT COMMITTEE","definition":"A member of the board that does internal and external audits.","related":["NOMINATION COMMITTEE","BOARD COMMITTEE","AUDIT DEPARTMENT","EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE","COMMITTEE","CONTINUOUS AUDIT","EXTERNAL AUDIT","PERFORMANCE AUDIT","AD HOC COMMITTEE","SECRET COMMITTEE"]}
{"title":"AUDITORIUM STYLE","definition":"The arrangement of chairs in rows facing a platform.","related":["SPREADSHEET","Patent Law","ENTERPRISE JAVA BEANS","PRODUCT RANGE","SALES PLATFORM","STYLE MANUAL","STYLE BOX","STYLE DRIFT","STYLE","CONTINGENT MANAGEMENT STYLE"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTIC RECORD","definition":"A document that represents what is supposed to and has not been changed. AKA authentic document.","related":["AUTHENTIC ACT","AUTHENTIC","AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT","RECORD, v","FULL AND ACCURATE RECORD","ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD","ARCHIVAL RECORD","MASTER RECORD","TEMPORARY RECORD","PERMANENT RECORD"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR (AEO)","definition":"A certificate for international trade companies. It states that they follow custom’s rules and are recognized.","related":["CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RESEARCH","CLOSER ECONOMIC RELATIONS (CER)","ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)","BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS","OPERATOR","ASIAPACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC)","GROUND OPERATOR","COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR","SYSTEM OPERATOR (SYSOP)","BEYOND ECONOMIC REPAIR (BER)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","definition":"Equipment that uses a computer to answer phones rather than people. A message is played and the menu is used to access the party wanted.","related":["ATTENDANT","AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)","AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)","ATTENDANT TERMS","AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE","AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT (ACE)","AUTOMATED BOND SYSTEM (ABS)","AUTOMATED PURCHASE SYSTEM","AUTOMATED RESERVATION SYSTEM","BANKS AUTOMATED CLEARING SYSTEM (BACS)"]}
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL","definition":"Any chemical or physical agent that kills microorganisms. It can be an antibiotic, antiseptic or disinfectant. AKA germicidal.","related":["FLASH PASTEURIZATION","CHLORINATION","ANTISEPTIC","PATHOGENS","CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL HAZARDOUS-WASTE TREATMENT","CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE REGISTRATION NUMBER (CAS#)","SANITIZER","STRESSOR","MUTAGEN","SPECIFIC CHEMICAL IDENTITY"]}
{"title":"APACHE","definition":"An open source or public web software that is improved continually by volunteer programers. Its the most popular software and works with linux, unix, and windows.","related":["LINUX","FREE BSD","KDE","KERMIT","OPEN SOURCE","PUT OUT","REMOTE ACCESS","OPEN CONFERENCE","ENTERPRISE RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT","PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE"]}
{"title":"APPLICABLE CONVENTION","definition":"An international agreement that clears up any linguistic concerns about words in a case.","related":["WARSAW CONVENTION","VIENNA CONVENTION","APPLICABLE LAW","CONVENTION","APPLICABLE","BERNE CONVENTION","PARIS CONVENTION","LOME CONVENTION","APPLICABLE RATE","APPLICABLE LOCAL LAW"]}
{"title":"APPLIED OVERHEAD","definition":"A fixed cost given to departments or products at a previously agreed upon rate. AKA absorbed overhead.","related":["VARIABLE MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD APPLIED","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VARIANCE","APPLIED COST","OVERAPPLIED OVERHEAD","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME VARIANCE","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD VOLUME EFFICIENCY VARIANCE","VARIABLE PRODUCTION OVERHEAD EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD","VARIABLE MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD INCURRED"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL PROCEDURE","definition":"The steps used to appraise an item. AKA valuation procedure.","related":["VALUATION PROCEDURE","APPRAISAL DATE","APPRAISAL","COMMON-LAW PROCEDURE ACTS","APPRAISAL METHOD OF DEPRECIATION","COLLECTION PROCEDURE","STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)","CODE DE PROCEDURE CIVIL","PROCEDURE","MANUFACTURING TEST SPECIFICATION AND PROCEDURE"]}
{"title":"APPROVED BIDDERS LIST","definition":"A list of people who can bid on a job. They must fit a certain criteria.","related":["APPROVED LIST","MAILING LIST","COMPETITIVE BIDDERS","PREQUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS","BLACK-LIST","PACKING LIST","ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST","JURY LIST","PROHIBITED LIST","LEGAL LIST"]}
{"title":"ARBITRAGE BOND","definition":"Any debt that is issued outside local tax zones and must be taxed later.","related":["ARBITRAGE COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION","TREASURY BOND (T-BOND)","ARBITRAGE CERTIFICATE","CAPITAL STRUCTURE ARBITRAGE","GENERAL OBLIGATION (GO) BOND","GOVERNMENT BOND","ARBITRAGE","LONG ARBITRAGE","QUASI ARBITRAGE","REGULATORY ARBITRAGE"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVAL BOND","definition":"The way records link back to the original activity, creator, or use.","related":["ARCHIVAL FONDS","ARCHIVAL","ARCHIVAL INTEGRITY","ARCHIVAL COLLECTION","ARCHIVAL VALUE","ARCHIVAL RECORD","COST BOND, OR BOND FOR COSTS","PERMIT BOND","TREASURY BOND (T-BOND)","BOND VALUE"]}
{"title":"ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION","definition":"A numeric sequence with the difference between the numbers being the same. Refer to geometric progression.","related":["PROGRESSION","ARITHMETIC MEAN RETURN","EXCEPTION ITEM","LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION","DATA STREAM","LAW OF SMALL NUMBERS","FLOATING POINT NOTATION","SPREAD OPTION","CHRONOLOGICAL FILING","STEP RATE"]}
{"title":"ARSENIC","definition":"A metal toxic to humans that causes skin cancer, lung cancer, peripheral vascular disease, and liver damages. It is used for gun shot and semiconductors.","related":["HEPATITIS","CHROMATE WASTE","EMPHYSEMA","BERYLLIUM (BE)","LETHAL DOSE 50 (LD50)","LEAD (PB)","ASBESTOSIS","HIGHLY TOXIC","MESOTHELIOMA","CARCINOGEN"]}
{"title":"AS OF DATE","definition":"1. payment terms on an invoice that require repayment on a different date than the creation of said invoice. 2. the date when an aggreement becomes official. 3. date when data is applied.","related":["RECORD DATE","LATEST DATE FOR PRESENTATION","CUTOFF DATE","FINAL MATURITY DATE","PAYMENT DUE DATE","OPTION DATE","DECLARATION DATE","CALL DATE","BEARING DATE","BACK DATE"]}
{"title":"ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS","definition":"In 1997 asian nations currency beganto decline. It is called the Asian Congation as it spread to all asiain markets and through their trading partners as well. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank prevented a market disruption.","related":["FINANCIAL CRISIS","FINANCIAL CRISIS RESPONSIBILITY FEE","ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION (APO)","ASIAN TAIL","ASIAN OPTION","ASIAN FUNDS","FINANCIAL SUPPLY CHAIN","LONDON INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL FUTURES \u0026 OPTIONS EXCHANGE (LIFFE)","FINANCIAL CONTAGION","FINANCIAL STABILITY PLAN (FSP)"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING PLAN","definition":"An outline of an ad campaign that has objectives, means to get results, and the resources needed.","related":["STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN","ADVERTISING TO SALES RATIO","PIONEER ADVERTISING","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING THEME","PROMOTIONAL ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING BRIEF","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION METHODS","MEDIA PLAN","OPERATING PLAN"]}
{"title":"ADVISER","definition":"A party who gets a fee for managing a mutual fund. Its usually less than one percent of the assets value. AKA advising bank.","related":["UNIT TRUST","EXPENSE RATIO","MUTUAL FUND SUBADVISOR","CLONE FUND","MUTUAL FUND CUSTODIAN","NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE","MANAGEMENT EXPENSES","STRAIGHT CREDIT","GLOBAL FUND","EQUITY FUND"]}
{"title":"AUDITING STANDARDS","definition":"The rules that auditors use to perform their jobs. The Auditing practices board in the UK and the Auditing standards board in the US set these rules.","related":["GENERALLY ACCEPTED AUDITING STANDARDS (GAAS)","NFP ACCOUNTING STANDARDS","AUDITING EVIDENCE","INTERNATIONALACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (IASB)","FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB)","FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (FRS)","ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (ASB)","AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)","ETHICAL AUDITING","AUDITING FOR COMPLIANCE"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT","definition":"When real world problems are put to an employee to test their learning achievements.","related":["AUTHENTIC","AUTHENTIC ACT","AUTHENTIC RECORD","OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT","ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)","SELF-ASSESSMENT","ASSESSMENT","ASSESSMENT OF TAX","ASSESSMENT COMPANY","DEFICIENCY ASSESSMENT"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED CAPITAL","definition":"The maximum number of shares of COMMON STOCK a company is permitted to issue, per the terms of its ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. Issuance in excess of authorized capital requires an amendment to the articles.","related":["AUTHORIZED SHARE CAPITAL","CAPITAL STOCK","SHARES AUTHORIZED","EQUITY CAPITAL","CAPITAL REORGANIZATION","CAPITAL EMPLOYED","CAPITAL SURPLUS","COMPLEX CAPITAL STRUCTURE","ECONOMIC CAPITAL","CAPITAL MARKET THEORIES"]}
{"title":"AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE","definition":"The temperature that any combustable will ignite at without any help from an outside source.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC EXTENSION","definition":"A statement on a listing that requires the owner to pay the broker to sell or lease property at a rate agreed upon. An extension can be added to make the rate stay past the maturation date. It is not allowed in certain states.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems","Property Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Contracts I"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS","definition":"1.when funds are taken out of an account with the account holders approval. It is done on the date and for the amount agreed to without them having to do anything. 2. the time a computer places funds from one account to another to cover overdraft.","related":["FUNDS TRANSFER","ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER AT POINT-OF-SALE (EFT-POS)","FUNDS TRANSFER PRICING (FTP)","ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER (EFT)","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION","AUTOMATIC COVER","ELECTRONIC TRANSFER","AUTOMATIC INCREASE IN BENEFIT PROVISION","AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTOR","AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE"]}
{"title":"AUTOREGRESSION ANALYSIS","definition":"When regression analysis is used to link the data in a time series.","related":["Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Procedure","Legislation and Regulation"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE STOCK","definition":"Inventory that has no buyers ready to be sold.","related":["CONSIGNMENT STOCK","CLOSED STOCK","ANTICIPATION STOCK","PENNY STOCK","CONTINGENCY STOCK","STOCK ON ORDER","EFFECTIVE STOCK","STOCK IN TRANSIT","WORKING STOCK","OPENING STOCK"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE DOWN","definition":"A strategy of buying additional securities at a lower price in order to reduce the average cost of the entire position. See also AVERAGE UP.","related":["AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","AVERAGE UP","MOVING AVERAGE PRICE (MAP)","AVERAGE PRICE PER SHARE","AVERAGE COST","AVERAGE CHARGES","AVERAGE ADJUSTER","MOVING AVERAGE","MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY COST","MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY METHOD"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","definition":"A COMPLEX OPTION that grants the buyer a payoff equal to the difference between an average price on an UNDERLYING market reference and a predefined STRIKE PRICE. See also ASIAN OPTION, AVERAGE STRIKE OPTION.AVERAGE STRIKE OPTION A COMPLEX OPTION that grants the A25 buyer a payoff equal to the difference between an average STRIKE PRICE and the terminal value of the UNDERLYING market reference. See also ASIAN OPTION, AVERAGE PRICE OPTION.AVERAGE UP A strategy of buying additional securities at increasing prices, thereby raising the average cost of the entire position. See also AVERAGE DOWN.","related":["ASIAN OPTION","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","DEFAULT OPTION","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","HIGH-LOW OPTION","AT-HIT OPTION","AT-EXPIRY OPTION","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","BASKET OPTION"]}
{"title":"AVERAGING","definition":"1. making a portfolio by investing fixed amounts at fixed intervals. This is done in different securities that are bought when they are cheapest and sold when they are expensive. Refer to constant dollar plan. AKA exponential smoothing.","related":["VALUE AVERAGING","BASKET","MARKET NEUTRAL STRATEGY","PUBLICLY TRADED","ADAPTIVE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING","BOND SWAP","CONSTANT VALUE ACCOUNTING","AGGRESSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","BELL-SHAPED-CURVE PORTFOLIO","STOP LIMIT ORDER"]}
{"title":"AWAY FROM THE MARKET","definition":"A BID on a LIMIT ORDER that is lower than the current price, or an ASK that is higher than the current price. The order is held for later execution unless it is specifically identified as an ALLORNONE ORDER (i.e., FILL OR KILL).","related":["MARKET CAPITALIZATION (MARKET CAP)","AWAY FROM THE MARKET ORDER","BUYERS’ MARKET","MONEY MARKET DEPOSIT ACCOUNT","MARK TO MARKET","CORNERING THE MARKET","BLACK MARKET","MARKET POWER","SELLER’S MARKET","LOWER OF COST OR MARKET VALUE"]}
{"title":"ADDITIVE","definition":"An agent that works with another to add to an effect.","related":["ADDITIVE EFFECT","ADDITIVE ALTERNATE BID","FOOD ADDITIVE","ADDITIVE COLORS","AMERICAN SHARES","STATE AGENT","VESTED COMMISSIONS","MASTER SERVANT RULE","SCAB","EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO SELL LISTING"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE DISCLOSURE","definition":"A companies requirement to report all relevant information to their position to the investors.","related":["CONTINUING DISCLOSURE","AFFIRMATIVE DISCLOSURE","REGULATION FAIR DISCLOSURE (FD)","NON-CIRCUMVENTION, NON-DISCLOSURE (NCND) AGREEMENT","DISCLOSURE","FULL DISCLOSURE","DIFFERENTIAL DISCLOSURE","PARTIAL DISCLOSURE","RISK DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT","FORBIDDING DISCLOSURE TO PARENTS"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE (ARM)","definition":"A real estate loan whose interest rate is adjusted periodically to accomodate market rates. A limit is set as to how high or low it can be changed and how frequently. It starts with low interest and can change to attract buyers. AKA variable rate mortgage","related":["ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE FUND","ADJUSTABLE MORTGAGE LOAN (AML)","ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED STOCK","ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED (ARP) STOCK","MORTGAGE RATE","RENEGOTIABLE RATE MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE PAR RATE","VARIABLE RATE MORTGAGE (VRM)","REAL RATE","NOMINAL RATE OF INTEREST"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE","definition":"In a depressed economy where imports are less expensive or a firm is cutting back, the government will offer assistance to retrain employees who lose their jobs.","related":["EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM","OLD-AGE ASSISTANCE","STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT","PUBLIC ASSISTANCE","OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA)","CAPITAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM","ADJUSTMENT POLICIES","EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM","ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY (ESAF)","DEPENDENT CARE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (DCAP)"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL SYSTEM","definition":"A plan that must be used to keep things running efficiently. It helps control loss and manage policy.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ONLY (ASO)","ADMINISTRATIVE","ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","ADMINISTRATIVE COST","ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING","ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER","ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"ADMISSION BOARD","definition":"An organization’s group that allows or denies together if another party can buy rights to be a member. This person may be a shareholder.","related":["ADMISSION","PRE-ADMISSION AUTHORIZATION","PRE-ADMISSION CERTIFICATION","ADMISSION TO THE BAR","ADMISSION TO BAIL","NON-ADMISSION","NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD","INCRIMINATING ADMISSION","QUASI ADMISSION","ADMISSION BY DEMURRER"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE PAYMENT","definition":"Money put into an account to prevent future predicted losses.","related":["ADVANCE PAYMENT BOND","ADVANCE FUNDING","ADVANCE","ADVANCE AGAINST COLLECTION","FINALITY OF PAYMENT","TERMS OF PAYMENT","LATE PAYMENT FEE","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","ADVANCE SETTLEMENT","ADVANCE-DECLINE"]}
{"title":"ADVANTAGE","definition":"A trait that is favorable for a company. It leads to success in the future. It is the exact opposite of a disadvantage.","related":["NET ADVANTAGE OF REFUNDING","COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE","RELATIVE ADVANTAGE","FOLLOWER ADVANTAGE","MARKETING ADVANTAGE","ACQUIRED ADVANTAGE","NET ADVANTAGE TO LEASING","YIELD ADVANTAGE","NON-PRODUCT ADVANTAGE","ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE"]}
{"title":"AIRLINE CODE","definition":"A code given by the IATA that serves as an identification number.","related":["CARRIER CODE","CITY CODE","SERIAL SHIPPING CONTAINER CODE (SSCC)","ZIP CODE","CODE CIVIL","BUDGET AIRLINE","MAJOR AIRLINE","REGIONAL AIRLINE","FEEDER AIRLINE","AIRLINE LOCATOR NUMBER"]}
{"title":"ALIEN","definition":"A non resident of the country they live in.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Labor Law","First Amendment","Family Law","Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ALL CHANNEL SALES","definition":"The number of sales in a period of time. Its used to get the product out in the market.","related":["SALES ORIENTATION","PRICE TO SALES (PS) RATIO","SALES/PRICE ANALYSIS","SALES PLATFORM","SALES FORECAST","SALES KIT","ANNUAL SALES CHANGE","MANUFACTURING AND TRADE INVENTORIES AND SALES","AUTO SALES","MARKETING CHANNEL"]}
{"title":"ALLIED LINES INSURANCE","definition":"Different lines of property coverage in standard fire insurance. Some of the lines are water damage, demolition and constructin costs.","related":["ALLIED LINES","FIRE AND ALLIED PERILS","SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE","DEMOLITION INSURANCE","END LINES","DEBRIS REMOVAL INSURANCE","BUILDING LINES","LINES PER INCH (LPI)","PERSONAL LINES","COMMERCIAL LINES"]}
{"title":"ALLOWANCE FOR DEPRECIATION","definition":"The amount of value lost and thusly taken off the asset cost.","related":["DEPRECIATION","DEPRECIATION RATE","DEPRECIATION EXPENSE","DECLINING BALANCE DEPRECIATION","SUM OF THE YEARS DIGITS (SYD) DEPRECIATION","BALANCING ALLOWANCE","FUNCTIONAL DEPRECIATION","BONUS DEPRECIATION","RATE OF DEPRECIATION","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION"]}
{"title":"ALTERATIONS","definition":"Any changes done to a building in the remodeling process. AKA alterations and extensions.","related":["LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS","CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION, REPAIR (CAR)","CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION","LUMBER","MUTAGEN","ALTERATION COST","SERIF TYPE","STRUCTURAL ALTERATION","CONTENTS RATE","BUILDING CONTROL"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX (AMT)","definition":"The way US taxes make sure rich parties pay a minimum despite breaks. They must file with and without breaks and pay the highest tax.","related":["MINIMUM PURCHASES","MINIMUM CONTACT","MINIMUM AMOUNT POLICY","MINIMUM WEIGHT","PUT ON THE MINIMUM","MINIMUM WAGE","MINIMUM-VARIANCE FRONTIER","MINIMUM QUOTE SIZE","MINIMUM DOWN PAYMENT","ALTERNATIVE"]}
{"title":"AMBIT CLAIM","definition":"When an arbitrage authority considered a claim to be exaggerated. A compromise will be made.","related":["AMBIT","JUNIOR CLAIM","COUNTER-CLAIM","NON-CLAIM","CLAIM OF OWNERSHIP","CLAIM EXPENSE","EXTERNAL CLAIM","CLAIM JUMPING","CROSS-CLAIM","WORKING CLAIM"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFLCIO)","definition":"An alliance started in 1955 of volunteers combining the american federation of labor and the congress of industrial organizations. There are 56 unions that advocate the union and employee rights.","related":["AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR-CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFL-CIO)","LABOR LAWS","AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)","NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD","UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE STRIKE","FEDERATION OF SMALL BUSINESSES (FSB)","INDUSTRIAL AND PROVIDENT SOCIETIES","CONTINENTAL CONGRESS","STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) CODE","CONTEMPT OF CONGRESS"]}
{"title":"AMICUS CURIAE","definition":"A party that is not involved in litigation but gives expert testimony when the court asks. They can support public interest not being addressed in the trial.","related":["CURSUS CURIAE EST LEX CURIAE 3 BULST 53","AMICUS CURL","ACTNS CURIAE NEMINEM GRAVABIT","AUXILIUM CURIAE","DE CONSILIO CURIAE","CONSUETUDO CURIAE","LETTER ROGATORY","CONSONANT STATEMENT","DEPOSITION","BELIEF"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZING SWAP","definition":"A swap where principal decreases during the life of the loan.","related":["ACCRETING SWAP","AMORTIZING MORTGAGE","SELF-AMORTIZING MORTGAGE","FULLY AMORTIZING LOAN","CANCELLABLE SWAP","POWER SWAP","CURRENCY SWAP","BOND SWAP","CALLABLE SWAP","COMPLEX SWAP"]}
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (AOA)","definition":"When choices are evaluated to get to the same goal. AKA alternative analysis.","related":["THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVES","ACTIVITY ANALYSIS","MARGINAL ANALYSIS","CAPACITY ANALYSIS","GAP ANALYSIS","SWOT ANALYSIS","DECISION ANALYSIS","VALUE ANALYSIS","SYSTEM ANALYSIS","RATIO ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"AND","definition":"An operater that finds records if it has all the words specified in the search. Refer to not and or.","related":["RECALL RATIO","DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY","ESSENTIAL RECORD","SEARCH","CERTIFICATE OF ABSTRACTOR","TRUNCATION","MUTUAL FUND CASH-TO-ASSETS RATIO","MEDIAN","DICTIONARY","Diction"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL FEE","definition":"A fee charged yearly. It is charged no matter what on a credit card.","related":["ANNUAL PENSION","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL VALUE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE (GAW)","ANNUAL RECEIPTS","ANNUAL DEPRECIATION","ANNUAL EARNINGS","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL USAGE VALUE","definition":"The amount of materials used multiplied by how much it costs per unit over one year.","related":["ANNUAL VALUE","ANNUAL","USAGE","USAGE COST","CAPACITY USAGE VARIANCE","CAPACITY USAGE RATIO","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","ANNUAL TURNOVER","ANNUAL BASIS"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY IN ARREARS","definition":"AKA ordinary annuity, the payments made at the end of a period such as interest.","related":["ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","ANNUITY CERTAIN","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","LIFE INCOME WITH PERIOD CERTAIN ANNUITY","TAX DEFERRED ANNUITY","REFUND ANNUITY","ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","ANNUITY ANALYSIS","PERPETUAL ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANTICIPATORY HEDGE","definition":"An exante HEDGE that is created to reduce the variability associated with a future ASSET, LIABILITY, or cash inflow; the hedge may be created with DERIVATIVES or a LONG POSITION or SHORT POSITION in the UNDERLYING reference.","related":["DELTA HEDGE","HEDGE RATIO","LONG HEDGE","CROSS-ASSET HEDGE","SHORT HEDGE","MICRO HEDGE","GAMMA HEDGE","STRIP HEDGE","HEDGE ACCOUNTING","MACRO HEDGE"]}
{"title":"ANXIETY","definition":"A mental condition of angst that may stem from many sources such as a concern for keeping your employment, your financial status, or family problems.","related":["CAPITIS DIMINUTIO","EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM","FINANCIAL POSITION","STORE","HYPNOTISM","ASSUMPTION OF RISK","PSYCHO-DIAGNOSIS","BENIGN","PROCESS FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (PFMEA)","ILLEGITIMACY"]}
{"title":"APPARENT AUTHORITY","definition":"A legal idea where a principal is responsible for an agents acts or failure to act. The agent is thought to act for the third party. Refer to actual authority.","related":["APPARENT AGENCY","APPARENT DANGER","AUTHORITY BY ESTOPPEL","EXPRESS AUTHORITY","OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY","IMPLIED AUTHORITY","SPECIAL AUTHORITY","ACTUAL AUTHORITY","APPARENT LOW BIDDER","COLOR OF AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (API)","definition":"Software routines, tools, and procedures that are grouped to be building blocks in developing an app for a platform. Its an interface that lets different programs work together.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTABLE PREMIUM","definition":"A premium that changes over time due to certain factors. The terms are agreed to before the contract is signed. AKA variable premium","related":["ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE (ARM)","ADJUSTABLE LIFE INSURANCE","FLEXIBLE PREMIUM","FIXED PREMIUM","PURE PREMIUM RATING METHOD","CONTINGENT PREMIUM OPTION","ADJUSTABLE PEG","ADJUSTABLE MORTGAGE LOAN (AML)","NET PREMIUM","PREMIUM LOADING"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTING EVENTS","definition":"Events that occur in between periods that must be reported to give a true and fair view of a company. AKA post balance sheet events.","related":["ADJUSTING ENTRIES","EVENTS","DEFERRAL TYPE ADJUSTING ENTRY","ACCOUNTS","CHECK PRINTING CHARGES","RELEVANT CASH FLOW","EQUITY METHOD","PRE-OPERATING COSTS","CARRYING AMOUNT","SOURCES OF EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGE","definition":"A change to contract that does not affect any parties rights.","related":["UNILATERAL CHANGE","APPROVED CHANGE","NO COST CHANGE","ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDY","CHANGE IN CONTROL PROVISION","DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE","CHANGE OF SCOPE","CHANGE OF AIRCRAFT","NET CHANGE","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"ADMIRALTY LAW","definition":"The rules and orders of maritime law. This protects the ships and the sea from harm. Maritime treaties are drafted between international interests. Its managed by the admiralty court system.","related":["COURT OF ADMIRALTY","ADMIRALTY COURT","ADMIRALTY","HIGH COURT OF ADMIRALTY","BLACK BOOK OF THE ADMIRALTY","DROITS OF ADMIRALTY","COURT OF SURVEY","SEARCH","ADMIRALITAS","CREW LIST"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE OPTION","definition":"A shortterm LINE OF CREDIT granted by an UNDERWRITER to an issuer of securities that can be drawn if the underwriter cannot successfully place the securities. The advance option thus guarantees the issuer access to shortterm funds regardless of the relative success of the NEW ISSUE.","related":["ADVANCE/DECLINE LINE (A/D OR AD)","ADVANCE REFUNDING","ADVANCE PAYMENT BOND","DOUBLING OPTION","CREDIT SPREAD OPTION","ADVANCE DIRECTIVE","ADVANCE-DECLINE","BARRIER OPTION","ADVANCE FUNDING","DOWN AND IN OPTION"]}
{"title":"ADVANCEMENT OF CHARGES","definition":"When a service provider pays small charges for a customer who will pay the debt later.","related":["ADVANCEMENT","COLLECT CHARGES","P.S. 58 CHARGES","FINANCE CHARGES","AVERAGE CHARGES","WITHDRAWAL OF CHARGES","REGISTER OF CHARGES","CARRYING CHARGES","CHARGES","ACCESSORIAL CHARGES"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISE","definition":"Buying an advertisement to get new customers or improve relations with the old customers.","related":["FAILURE FREE WARRANTY","AFFINITY","ADVERTISING COPY","CONNECTIONS","PRODUCT PLACEMENT","COGNATI","SELECTIVE SELLING","BUYING BEHAVIOR","HORIZONTAL MERGER","CENEGILD"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING MATERIAL","definition":"The media used to get customers interested in a business or product.","related":["ADVERTISING COVERAGE","PRIMARY ADVERTISING","MATERIAL COST","ADVERTISING CHANNEL","ADVERTISING PAGE EXPOSURE","SOCIAL ADVERTISING","MATERIAL PARTICIPATION TEST","CONTINUOUS ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","ADVERTISING APPEAL"]}
{"title":"ADVICE OF ACCEPTANCE","definition":"A receipt from a collecting bank proving the original bank has paid its debt and the amounts paid.","related":["ADVICE OF FATE","ADVICE FOR ADVISING BANK","ADVICE OF CREDIT","BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE MARKET","ACCEPTANCE FEE","ACCEPTANCE FOR HONOR","ACCEPTANCE CREDIT","ACCEPTANCE LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","TRADE ACCEPTANCE"]}
{"title":"ADVISORY MANAGEMENT","definition":"Providing planning services for a fee. It can he advise in a portfolio or in project management.","related":["ADVISORY CAPACITY","ADVISORY LETTER","ADVISORY JURISDICTION","ADVISORY SERVICES","ADVISORY BOARD OF DIRECTORS","MANAGEMENT COMPANY","ADVISORY AND ASSISTANCE SERVICES","MIDDLE MANAGEMENT","MANAGEMENT CONTRACT","CAREER MANAGEMENT"]}
{"title":"AFFILIATE PROGRAM","definition":"When two parties work together to help eachother. This is common in internet advertising.","related":["AFFILIATE","AFFILIATE MARKETING","AFFILIATE MODEL","TAX HAVEN AFFILIATE","FREQUENT FLIER PROGRAM","FREQUENT LODGER PROGRAM","WORK PROGRAM","CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM","PROGRAM","PROGRAM ANALYSIS"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATION","definition":"One or more duties that a SPECIALIST or MARKET MAKER must undertake, including taking one side of a purchase or sale ORDER through a proprietary account when the other side cannot be immediately matched, quoting twosided markets at all times, and reporting all executed trades within a predefined time frame. Also known as POSITIVE OBLIGATION. See also INTERPOSITIONING, NEGATIVE OBLIGATION. AFTER HOURS TRADING TRADING in securities that occurs after the formal close of an EXCHANGE, through telephonic networks or ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORKS supported by BROKER/DEALERS. In practice only BENCHMARK securities with a broad investor follow trade after hours.","related":["ARBITRAGE COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION CONDITIONAL","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","AFFIRMATIVE STATUTE","CASH COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATION","SUPPORT OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION JOINT","SECONDARY OBLIGATION","OBLIGATION SECONDARY"]}
{"title":"AFTER-SALES SERVICE","definition":"Equipment mainenance by a manufacturer in the warranty period.","related":["CONDITIONAL SALES LEASE","CAPITAL EXPENDITURE TO SALES RATIO","SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICE","SERVICE LEASE","ALL CHANNEL SALES","SALES TREND","SALES QUOTA","MANAGED SERVICE","BUILDING SERVICE CONTRACT","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) TO SALES RATIO"]}
{"title":"AGE SETBACK","definition":"Assuming women live longer than men. This means they will pay more premiums and thusly a discount is given for this.","related":["SETBACK","ALLOWANCE FOR DEPRECIATION","OVERLIVE","SURVIVORSHIP BENEFITS","CUTOFF DATE","ACCRETION","NET PURCHASE RECORDING","PURCHASES DISCOUNTS","BELOW PAR","FLIP-IN RIGHT"]}
{"title":"AGENCY OF RECORD","definition":"When an advertising agency can buy space for the advertiser.","related":["MERCANTILE AGENCY","ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)","EMPLOYMENT AGENCY FEES","BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS AGENCY (B2B AGENCY)","AGENCY IN FACT","AGENCY COST","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","AGENCY RISK","HOME HEALTH AGENCY","AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL"]}
{"title":"AGGLOMERATION DISECONOMIES","definition":"The loss caused by agglomeration. The usual reason is not knowing how the other company works due to it being in an unrelated field.","related":["OPERATING LOSS","BUSINESS LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE","REASONABLE","REPEATER","EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS","ALKALOSIS","LETTER OF INDEMNITY","BACK TO BACK TICKET","NEGLIGENCE WILLFUL","BUBBLE COMPANY"]}
{"title":"AGGRESSION","definition":"Harmful behavior. It can be physical or emotional and may have built up for a long time. The act can be directed at people or a thing.","related":["MENTAL ILLNESS","MENTAL CRUELTY","MENTAL","POLLUTION","TOXIC CHEMICAL USE SUBSTITUTION","VALUE RULE","EDUCATION","PARTY WALL","LAW OF EFFECT","SUSPICIOUS CHARACTER"]}
{"title":"AGREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING","definition":"An agreement to stop using an import license as a nontaxed trade barrier in Tokyo.","related":["LICENSING AGREEMENT","LICENSING ACTS","PRE-LICENSING EDUCATION REQUIREMENT","TECHNOLOGY LICENSING","GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE (GATT)","AGREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION","IMPORT","CAPTIVE IMPORT","TRADE AND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (TIFA)","EXPORT IMPORT BANK (EXIM BANK)"]}
{"title":"AIR POLLUTION","definition":"When air is no longer safe due to contamination.","related":["NUTRIENT POLLUTION","NITRATE POLLUTION","POLLUTION","WATER POLLUTION","THERMAL POLLUTION","POLLUTION PREVENTION","ORGANIC POLLUTION","OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990","DIFFUSE POLLUTION","AREA SOURCE OF POLLUTION"]}
{"title":"ASSIMILATION","definition":"Buying the whole new issue by public buyers. If underwriters do this its called absorption.","related":["ASSIMILATION EFFECT","ABSORPTION","GLOBAL COORDINATOR","BREAKING SYNDICATE","BOUGHT DEAL","SABIN","ABSORPTION COSTING","BOND MARKET","BOOK-BUILDING","STANDBY AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSUMABLE MORTGAGE","definition":"A MORTGAGE that can be transferred from the original borrower to a new purchaser of the underlying property. The assumability feature eliminates the need for the original LOAN to be repaid and a new loan to be arranged, which reduces time and expense factors.","related":["REPAYMENT MORTGAGE","CLOSED-END MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE INTEREST","MORTGAGE INSURANCE","MORTGAGE MODIFICATION","CLOSED MORTGAGE","EQUITY MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE TAX","MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE","MORTGAGE DERIVATIVE"]}
{"title":"ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION","definition":"Data that is transfered with signals in spurts not in a stream. Refer to asynchronous transmission.","related":["ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION","ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE (ATM)","SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION","ASYNCHRONOUS TRAINING","ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND XML (AJAX)","SECURE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL","FIVE W’S OF COMMUNICATION","COMMUNICATION","PRIVILEGED\nCOMMUNICATION","NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION"]}
{"title":"AT-EXPIRY OPTION","definition":"A BINARY OPTION that grants the buyer a payoff at expiry equal to a fixed ASSET or cash value if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference breaches the BARRIER at any time during the transaction. See also ASSETATEXPIRY OPTION, ATHIT OPTION,BINARYBARRIER OPTION, CASHATEXPIRY OPTION.","related":["ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","BARRIER OPTION","ASIAN OPTION"]}
{"title":"ATTAINED AGE","definition":"1. the age of insured parties based on last years policy. 2. the age benefits are to be recieved.","related":["MISSTATEMENT OF AGE","VALUED POLICY","MISCELLANEOUS BENEFITS","NUMERICAL RATING","RETURN OF CASH VALUE","STRAIGHT LIFE POLICY","REVERSIONARY ANNUITY","ACTUARIAL AGE","AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE","MARKET VALUE POLICY"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY’S LETTER","definition":"When a CPA sends a letter for information about a pending concern. It is part of the audit. The pending issue has impact on the company and its position. The letter confirms the information sent as accurate.","related":["LETTER OF\nATTORNEY","BRING-DOWN COMFORT LETTER","COMFORT LETTER","LETTER SECURITY","DEMAND LETTER","REFUSAL LETTER","LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE","LETTER OF CREDIT","LETTER OF INSTRUCTION","ALLOTMENT LETTER"]}
{"title":"AUDIENCE PROFILE","definition":"The economic and social charactersitics of the audience reached with advertising.","related":["AUDIENCE COMPOSITION","CAPTIVE AUDIENCE","HOLDOVER AUDIENCE","AUDIENCE","AUDIENCE COURT","SECONDARY AUDIENCE","TARGET AUDIENCE","PROFILE","RISK PROFILE","COMPANY PROFILE"]}
{"title":"AUDITEE","definition":"The business or individual that is being audited.","related":["BUSINESS OWNER","PERSONAL CREDIT","ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSES","AUDIT SCOPE","MUDARIB","MINORITY BUSINESS","AUDIT STRATEGY","ORDINARY INCOME","PUBLIC COMPANY","REAL PARTY IN INTEREST"]}
{"title":"AUSTRALIAN TRADE COMMISSION (AUSTRADE)","definition":"A government comittee that promotes Australian products to other countries. They also want to attract more business to the country. There are 100 offices in 63 countries that do this.","related":["FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC)-","FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC)","TRADE COMMISSION","CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION","FAIR TRADE PRICE","COASTAL TRADE","CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE (CBOT)","FREE TRADE AGREEMENT","RENEWAL COMMISSION","COMMISSION"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZATION CODE","definition":"A code that is used to complete a transaction. It authenticates the user has done the transaction.","related":["Payment Systems","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Contracts I","Trademark Law","Contracts I (Contract Law and Theory)","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AUTOCORRELATION","definition":"A statistical measure that indicates the degree of CORRELATION of a random variable with itself; specifically, it measures the relationship between a value in a time series and those that occur before and after. Positive autocorrelation indicates that deviations from the equilibrium exist across periods, while negative autocorrelation means that deviations tend to be reversed. See also CORRELATION.","related":["COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION (R)","CORRELATION COEFFICIENT","EMPLOYEE MORALE","EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT","ELASTICITY","SENSITIVITY","SKEWNESS","GEOMETRIC BROWNIAN MOTION","SERIAL CORRELATION","COVARIANCE"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC COVER","definition":"Insurance that extends a policy for a period of time for a certain amount. It helps to cover the changes in market value or a new asset.","related":["RETROSPECTIVE AGGREGATE LOSS COVER","AUTOMATIC PREMIUM LOAN CLAUSE","AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS","AUTOMATIC FISCAL STABILIZERS","AUTOMATIC INCREASE IN BENEFIT PROVISION","DIVIDED COVER","AUTOMATIC COVERAGE","AUTOMATIC REINSTATEMENT CLAUSE","DEFECTIVE DESIGN COVER","FULL THEFT COVER"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC REINVESTMENT PLAN","definition":"When a share holder lets gain payments be used to pay for more stock.","related":["AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN","REINVESTMENT","REINVESTMENT RISK","AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT","AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION PLAN","AUTOMATIC","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION"]}
{"title":"AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE","definition":"A rule that states a credit is not connected to any of its transactions. Refer to abstraction principle.","related":["ABSTRACTION PRINCIPLE","PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE","PETER PRINCIPLE","AUTONOMY","ACCELERATOR PRINCIPLE","PARETO PRINCIPLE","PRINCIPLE,","BENEFIT PRINCIPLE","PRINCIPLE OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY","SOURCE PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"AVAILABLE EARNINGS","definition":"The firms profit available for stockholders. The factors in this are the costs, depreciation, taxes, dividend, and the earnings.","related":["GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","CASH EARNINGS","RETAINED EARNINGS","CAPITALIZATION OF EARNINGS","PROSPECTIVE EARNINGS","BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS","NORMALIZED EARNINGS","STATUTORY EARNINGS (OR LOSSES)","BASIC EARNINGS POWER"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE CURRENT ASSETS","definition":"The amount of accounts in receivables, cash, and inventory just to name a few. They are easily converted into cash or can be sold in the year.","related":["CURRENT ASSETS","AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS","NET CURRENT ASSETS","AVERAGE FIXED ASSETS","RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS","QUICK ASSETS","NON-CURRENT ASSET","TRADING ASSETS","NET LIQUID ASSETS","TOTAL ASSETS"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY LIMIT","definition":"The most quality to be expected in the manufacturing process. A samping plan and proper disposal are considered.","related":["AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY","QUALITY OF CONFORMANCE","TOTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (TQEM)","QUALITY BY DESIGN","QUALITY LOOP","QUALITY TOOL","QUALITY MANAGEMENT","QUALITY OF DESIGN","QUALITY ENGINEERING","QUALITY SURVEILLANCE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE WITHOUT PERCENTAGE","definition":"The broadest marine coverage that pays partial or total loss. The amount is paid in full no matter the average.","related":["WITH PARTICULAR AVERAGE","COINSURANCE PERCENTAGE","AVERAGE ADJUSTER","AVERAGE COST","AVERAGE AGREEMENT","PARTICULAR AVERAGE","PERCENTAGE COMPENSATION","AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","PERCENTAGE OF LOSS DEDUCTIBLE","STERLING OVERNIGHT INTERBANK AVERAGE (SONIA)"]}
{"title":"AWARDING AUTHORITY","definition":"The party that gives a contract to the bidder.","related":["ACTUAL AUTHORITY","JUDICIAL AUTHORITY","APPROVAL AUTHORITY","APPARENT AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY TO PAY","HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY","PROCURING AUTHORITY","PORT AUTHORITY","EXPRESS AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONAL PRINCIPAL PAYMENT","definition":"More money paid on top of scheduled payments to a lender. It pays on principal shortening loan length.","related":["MORTGAGE PAYMENT","MINIMUM DOWN PAYMENT","UNPAID PRINCIPAL BALANCE","VARIABLE PRINCIPAL SWAP","ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL","ORIGINAL PRINCIPAL BALANCE","LEVEL PAYMENT MORTGAGE","LEVEL PAYMENT AMORTIZATION","PRINCIPAL, INTEREST, TAXES, AND INSURANCE (PITI)","PRINCIPAL SUM"]}
{"title":"ASSET EARNING POWER","definition":"The way a company calculates profitability. Earnings and taxes are elements in the equation.","related":["EARNING CAPACITY","IMPAIRMENT OF FUTURE EARNING CAPACITY","GUARANTEED EARNING INCREASE DEATH BENEFIT","NON ASSET","DEFERRED TAX ASSET","PRICING POWER","CROSS-ASSET HEDGE","TAXING POWER","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","POWER RATIO"]}
{"title":"ASSET STRIPPING","definition":"When a buyer of a company sells off the assets right away to gain back the cost paid for the business.","related":["STRIPPING THE YIELD CURVE","ASSET PURCHASE","ASSET COVERAGE","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","PAPER ASSET","ASSET","REAL ASSET","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","ASSET ACQUISITION STRATEGY","PREPAID ASSET"]}
{"title":"ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT","definition":"The value on the market for a mutual fund or unit trust.","related":["MANAGEMENT EXPENSES","MUTUAL FUND CASH-TO-ASSETS RATIO","PROTECTION OF ASSETS TRUST","MANAGEMENT FEE","CATEGORY MANAGEMENT","NET TANGIBLE ASSETS","MANAGEMENT COMPANY","OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT (OPM)","MANAGEMENT INDICATORS","NO LOAD FUND"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF RECEIVABLES","definition":"Any items of collateral that are used to get a loan.","related":["ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","NET RECEIVABLES","OWNED RECEIVABLES","AGING RECEIVABLES","AVERAGE NET RECEIVABLES","ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT CLAUSE","ASSIGNMENT OF INSURANCE","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATED COUNTERPARTIES","definition":"A group with a common bond or goal. They are both affected by an obligations or loss.","related":["COLLECTIVE ACTION","SYSTEMIC RISK","COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION","COMMUNE VINCULUM","CASH PLUS CONVERTIBLE","CONVERTIBLE BOND","SERIES BOND","GRID COMPUTING","CALLABLE BOND","BIND"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE NOTICE","definition":"An agreement listing loan terms and credit extension. The fees, rate, grace period, and conditions are written in black and white.","related":["NOTICE TO VACATE","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE EVIDENCE","ADEQUATE DISCLOSURE","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION","ADEQUATE COMPENSATION","ADEQUATE CARE","ADEQUATE PREPARATION"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED (ARP) STOCK","definition":"Stock that has a floating dividend rate. It is paid quarterly and reset very three months. They do not mature but can be called if the issuer decideds to. They have a minimum and maximum allowable rate.","related":["ADJUSTABLE RATE PREFERRED STOCK","DUTCH AUCTION PREFERRED STOCK","SECOND PREFERRED STOCK","CUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK","PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK","NONCUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK","CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK","ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE (ARM)","SECONDARY PREFERRED STOCK","PREMIUM ON PREFERRED STOCK"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENT DATE","definition":"When an Adjustable Rate Mortgage’s (ARM) interest rate is adjusted.","related":["ACTUARIAL ADJUSTMENT","ADJUSTMENT","TAX ADJUSTMENT","ADJUSTMENT INCOME","ADJUSTMENT POLICIES","ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE","PENSION ADJUSTMENT","REACTION ADJUSTMENT","STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT","ADJUSTMENT PROVISION"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION","definition":"When the government closes down an organization. This is due to lack of cooperation in requirements.","related":["ARTICLES OF DISSOLUTION","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","ADMINISTRATIVE HIERARCHY","ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET","ADMINISTRATIVE COST","DISSOLUTION","ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY","JUDICIAL DISSOLUTION","DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER"]}
{"title":"ADMITTED COMPANY","definition":"When an insurance company can write policy for other states. The company must be approved to act in each state they wish to work in.","related":["ADMITTED INSURANCE","ADMITTED INSURER","NON-ADMITTED INSURANCE","NON-ADMITTED INSURER","CEDING COMPANY","FINANCIAL HOLDING COMPANY","PUP COMPANY","COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY","ASSESSMENT COMPANY","BUBBLE COMPANY"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE PROCUREMENT","definition":"Parts needed before they can be used in production plans.","related":["ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT (E-PROCUREMENT)","STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT","TECHNICAL ADVANCE","PROCUREMENT HUB","PROCUREMENT","METHOD OF PROCUREMENT (MOP)","PROCUREMENT REQUEST","PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENT","FORWARD PROCUREMENT","CENTRAL PROCUREMENT"]}
{"title":"ADVERSARY SYSTEM","definition":"The court system where a judge decides on a case argued by a prosecutor who is suing the plaintiff and the defense attorney who defends their plaintiff. A jury has also been used to decide such cases. AKA accusatorial procedure. Refer to inquisitorial sy","related":["ADVERSARY TRIAL","ADVERSARY","ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS","ADVERSARY PROCEEDING","NON OBSTANTE VEREDICTO","REPLY","CASE RESERVED","IN COMMON-LAW PRACTICE","ORDINARY,","DEFENSE"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING APPEAL","definition":"The basic reason for a person to buy from a company. It is used in the ad to build new customers and create campaigns. Refer to advertising theme.","related":["COMPARISON ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","BLANKET ADVERTISING CONTRACT","PRIMARY ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING BRIEF","ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION","PREPAID ADVERTISING","UNFAIR ADVERTISING","TRADE ADVERTISING","PARASITIC ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING OBJECTIVE","definition":"The goal of an ad. Generally its to get a new customer or get an old one back.","related":["TECHNICAL OBJECTIVE","OBJECTIVE SETTING","OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE","TRADE ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING THEME","ADVERTISING MESSAGE","TESTIMONIAL ADVERTISING","THROUGH THE LINE ADVERTISING (TTL)","ADVERTISING ALLOWANCE","PRODUCT BENEFITS ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVISED CREDIT","definition":"A letter of credit that requires no note be sent to notify the interested parties. It has been verified already.","related":["ADVISED LINE","ADVISED","ASSIGNMENT UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","LETTER OF CREDIT","TRANSFERABLE LETTER OF CREDIT","PRIME LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT","DIRECT PAY LETTER OF CREDIT","CONTINGENT CREDIT RISK","BACK TO BACK LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)"]}
{"title":"AEROBES","definition":"Any life form that needs oxygen to survive. This can be an animal or bacteria.","related":["OXYGEN DEMANDING MATERIAL","BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)","ANAEROBES","ANAEROBIC","NITRATE (NO3)","SALMONELLA","PHOTOSYNTHESIS","BOTULISM","ASPHYXIANT","PRECIPITIN TEST"]}
{"title":"AFFILIATIVE LEADERSHIP","definition":"When a leader helps to resolve conflict and builds teams to make the company feel connected. Poor behavior is let go but praise is given to positive behavior.","related":["LEADERSHIP GRID","AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP","DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP","TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP","DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP","PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT","BAROMETRIC PRICE LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP","SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP"]}
{"title":"AFFORESTATION","definition":"The act of planting a forest on a land that had no trees on it before.","related":["Property Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Evidence 2"]}
{"title":"AFTER-TAX REAL RATE OF RETURN","definition":"The actual profit earned after taxes and inflation.","related":["REAL RATE OF RETURN","REAL RETURN","REAL RATE OF INTEREST","REAL WAGE RATE","REAL RATE","REAL INTEREST RATE","EFFECTIVE RATE OF RETURN","NOMINAL RATE OF RETURN","NORMAL RATE OF RETURN","ACCOUNTING RATE OF RETURN (ARR)"]}
{"title":"AGENCY BOND","definition":"A bond not fully backed by the US government.","related":["COMBINATION BOND","PRE-FUNDED BOND","MORTGAGE-BACKED REVENUE BOND","MORTGAGE BACKED BOND","GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND","UNLIMITED TAX BOND","COST BOND, OR BOND FOR COSTS","UNSECURED BOND","CALLABLE BOND","SECURE BOND"]}
{"title":"AGENCY SECURITY","definition":"In the United States, NOTES or BONDS issued by governmentsponsored or governmentguaranteed institutions (e.g., FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION, GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION, FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION). The securities carry explicit or implicit government support related to PRINCIPAL and interest payments, and thus carry the strongest CREDIT RATINGS. Agency securities, which are issued with short to longterm maturities and fixed or floating coupons, are exempt from REGISTRATION requirements established by the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION.","related":["MERCANTILE AGENCY","EXEMPT SECURITY","GILT EDGED SECURITY","REGISTERED SECURITY","ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)","GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY","AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (AID)","MORTGAGE BACKED SECURITY","CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)","AGENCY OF NECESSITY"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","definition":"A REINSURANCE agreement where the REINSURER provides the CEDING INSURER with coverage on a large number of small losses arising from multiple policies, once an agreed ATTACHMENT point has been reached.","related":["EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","EXCESS OF LOSS (XOL) AGREEMENT","PROPERTY PER RISK EXCESS OF LOSS","EXCESS PER RISK REINSURANCE","PER RISK EXCESS REINSURANCE","CATASTROPHE EXCESS REINSURANCE","CATASTROPHE PER OCCURRENCE EXCESS OF LOSS","SPECIFIC EXCESS REINSURANCE","EXCESS LOSS PREMIUM FACTOR","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AGILE ENTERPRISE","definition":"A fast growing firm that changes in a market. It keeps itself competitive. Authority is given to departments to speed up information flow.","related":["AGILE MANUFACTURING","ZERO LATENCY ENTERPRISE","ENTERPRISE VALUE","AGILE PRODUCT","ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE","CONTINUITY OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISE DOCTRINE","SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME)","PRIVATE ENTERPRISE","ENTERPRISE","FREE ENTERPRISE"]}
{"title":"AID","definition":"When a foreign country asks for help financially after some crisis. There is a net inflow of foreign funds in the country.","related":["OFFSHORE HAVEN","FINANCIAL CONTAGION","BONA FIDE FOREIGN RESIDENT","FEMA DECLARATION PROCESS","STATEMENT OF REALIZATION AND LIQUIDATION","FOREIGN PUBLIC BORROWER","COLONY","GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)","TERRITORIAL, TERRITORIALITY","IMPORTATION"]}
{"title":"AIR QUALITY STANDARDS","definition":"The maximum pollutants allowed in the air at any time in an area.","related":["AMBIENT STANDARDS","ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OBJECTIVE","TECHNOLOGY BASED STANDARDS","AIR QUALITY RELATED VALUE","STANDARDS","REGULATORY STANDARDS","REGISTRATION OF STANDARDS","LABOR STANDARDS","ETHICAL STANDARDS","ACCOUNTING STANDARDS"]}
{"title":"ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION (APO)","definition":"20 Asian nations that organized in 1961 to better their economy. They help development, information sharing, technology sharing, enhance productivity, and become more competitive.","related":["ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS","ASIAN TAIL","MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY THEORY OF WAGES","ENTREPRENEURIAL ORGANIZATION","ASIAN OPTION","PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS","PRODUCTIVITY","MATRIX ORGANIZATION","ASIAN FUNDS","TIME PRODUCTIVITY"]}
{"title":"ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING","definition":"A conflict resolution method used to teach self esteem and expression at the work place. It can also be a therapeutic tool.","related":["SINK OR SWIM TRAINING","OFF THE JOB TRAINING","TRAINING TASK ANALYSIS","ON THE JOB TRAINING (OJT)","TRAINING AID","TRAINING","SEQUENTIAL TRAINING","SENSITIVITY TRAINING","TRAINING CYCLE","TRAINING OBJECTIVE"]}
{"title":"ASSET DEPRECIATION RANGE SYSTEM (ADR)","definition":"A system the IRS uses to rule the classes of assets. Replaced only briefly in 1981 it was reestablished in 1986. Each asset has an upper and lower limit in its lifetime.","related":["DEPRECIATION","RELEVANT RANGE","RELEVANT RANGE OF ACTIVITY","DEPRECIATION RATE","RECAPTURE OF DEPRECIATION","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","BONUS DEPRECIATION","FUNCTIONAL DEPRECIATION","RATE OF DEPRECIATION","ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION"]}
{"title":"ASSET SPECIFICITY","definition":"An asset’s feature making it useful for a special purpose. It cannot be sold in a firesale.","related":["FROZEN ASSET","RESTRICTED ASSET","PAPER ASSET","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","NON-CURRENT ASSET","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","FIXED ASSET","MARQUEE ASSET","CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)","WORKING ASSET"]}
{"title":"ASSETS HELD FOR SALE","definition":"A long term asset that is sold to another party. Abandoned assets with no buyers cannot be listed as this.","related":["GAIN ON SALE OF ASSETS","LOSS ON SALE OF ASSETS","HELD IN TRUST","HELD COVERED","NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS","TOTAL ASSETS","NONADMITTED ASSETS","PROBATE ASSETS","RATESENSITIVE ASSETS","FORCED SALE VALUE"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF PROCEEDS","definition":"When a portion of benefits is given to a third party by a beneficiary on a letter of credit. It is a deed of assignment.","related":["ASSIGNMENT UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","DEED OF ASSIGNMENT","ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT WITH\nPREFERENCES","ASSIGNMENT OF INSURANCE","NOVEL ASSIGNMENT","FOREIGN ASSIGNMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATED","definition":"1. to be connected to another party or business. 2. when molecules are held together by a common bond.","related":["COMMUNE VINCULUM","CHEMICAL PROPERTY","LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)","POLYMER","CASH PLUS CONVERTIBLE","CONVERTIBLE BOND","ESTATE IN SEVERALTY","EMBEDDED OPTION","BEARER BOND","LETTER OF INDEMNITY"]}
{"title":"ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY (AKC)","definition":"Data transmitting codes with two keys one for encrypting and one for decrypting. When combined with symmetric key croptography its a secure transmission. The AKC is used for authentication and the SKC is used for the rest. AKA assymetric key encryption.","related":["SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY (SKC)","PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY (PKC)","ASYMMETRIC RISK EXPOSURE","KERBEROS","PRETTY GOOD PRIVACY (PGP)","ENCRYPTION SOFTWARE","SECURE SOCKET LAYER (SSL)","RIVEST SHAMI ADLEMAN (RSA) METHOD","KEY LIFETIME","MULTICHANNEL MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (MMDS)"]}
{"title":"AT SIGHT","definition":"A bill to be paid on the day presented to the party. AKA sight bill or sight draft. Refer to after sight.","related":["AFTER SIGHT","SIGHT DRAFT","SIGHT","BILL OF\nSIGHT","DAYS SIGHT","BILL OF SIGHT","PAYABLE AFTER SIGHT","LETTER OF GUARANTEE","BILLET","DEMAND DRAFT"]}
{"title":"ATRIUM","definition":"1. a space that is open. Commonly it has a pool or fountian and a glass roof. 2. a patio that shares doors with a room. It could also be a courtyard.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Payment Systems","Evidence 2","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Contracts I (Hillman)","Labor Law","POOL"]}
{"title":"ATTITUDE SURVEY","definition":"The way a customer feels about their experience with a brand or company. It helps find markets and demographics to help increase sales.","related":["ATTITUDE","SURVEY","QUANTITY SURVEY","CEO CONFIDENCE SURVEY","COURT OF SURVEY","SAMPLE SURVEY","PRE-AWARD SURVEY","PHILADELPHIA FED SURVEY","TANKAN SURVEY","BANK LENDING SURVEY"]}
{"title":"AUCTION EXCHANGE","definition":"When buyers offer bids on items until they win. There is no negotiation. Common stock is often sold this way. European clients are not as fond of this method. AKA auction market.","related":["DOUBLE AUCTION MARKET","PUBLIC AUCTION","ENGLISH AUCTION","FORWARD AUCTION","AUCTION RING","SEALED BID AUCTION","DUTCH AUCTION","DUTCH AUCTION PREFERRED STOCK","ABSOLUTE AUCTION","REVERSE AUCTION"]}
{"title":"AUDIT SAMPLING","definition":"Using a smaller amount of data to audit a company. Each unit must be represented equally for a good sample.","related":["SAMPLING UNITS","RANDOM SAMPLING","BLOCK SAMPLING","LIMITED AUDIT","PROBABILITY SAMPLING","EXTERNAL AUDIT","SAMPLING","NON-SAMPLING ERROR","AUDIT PROGRAM","SITE AUDIT"]}
{"title":"AUGMENTED PRODUCT","definition":"A product that has products added to it to make more than one stream for revenue. Refer to agile product.","related":["AGILE PRODUCT","PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE","MARGINAL VALUE PRODUCT","PRODUCT FAMILY","PRODUCT CLASS","PRODUCT PLACEMENT","PRODUCT MIX","MARGINAL PRODUCT","PRODUCT SAFETY STANDARDS","LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT"]}
{"title":"AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP","definition":"When a leader makes rules, procedures, and goal. They are done with no input from anyone else.","related":["AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY","DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP","TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP","DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP","PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP","AFFILIATIVE LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT","LEADERSHIP GRID","TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP","LEADERSHIP SYSTEM"]}
{"title":"AUTO COVERAGE","definition":"Coverage for a vehicle that is used on public roads. Trailers are also covered.","related":["BUSINESS AUTO COVERAGE FORM","Rental Reimbursement Coverage","Loan/Lease Payoff Coverage","Collision Coverage","Optional Coverage","Towing and Labor Coverage","GROUND COVERAGE","ASSET COVERAGE","LIMITED POLLUTION LIABILITY COVERAGE FORM","ENTERPRISE COVERAGE"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)","definition":"A machine that a bank customer can use to access their account after hours with their card and pin. No teller is needed for this.","related":["Payment Systems","Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC PAYMENTS","definition":"Refer to direct debit payment and standard order.","related":["APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS","AUTOMATIC INCREASE IN BENEFIT PROVISION","AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE","UNFAVORABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS","PROGRESSIVE PAYMENTS","AUTOMATIC","AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION","AUTOMATIC STAY","AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL"]}
{"title":"AUTONOMATION","definition":"When machines and operators can work together. The operator gives the machine a human touch. Both automatic and semi automatic processes make it easy for the operator.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Labor Law","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2"]}
{"title":"AVAILABILITY UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","definition":"The way credit is made available. It can be a sight payment, negotiation, or deferring payments.","related":["DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","ASSIGNMENT UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","AVAILABILITY","NEGOTIATION CREDIT","DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE","LAST ROOM AVAILABILITY (LRA)","AVAILABILITY BIAS","PRICE AND AVAILABILITY (P\u0026A) DATA","PRICE AND AVAILABILITY (P\u0026A) STUDY","RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY (RAM)"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES","definition":"Seeing how scarce a resource really is amont the company. The costs are analyzed to provide goods and services. It measures how efficient the economy is and reduces loss.","related":["ALLOCATION BASE","STAND-ALONE REVENUE ALLOCATION","TAX ALLOCATION WITHIN A PERIOD","SINGLE ALLOCATION BASE APPROACH","BUSINESS RESOURCES","ALLOCATION","CAPITAL ALLOCATION","ASSET ALLOCATION","FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)","STEP ALLOCATION METHOD"]}
{"title":"ALPHABET STOCK","definition":"Separate classes of COMMON STOCK issued by a company, where each class (often denoted by a letter of the alphabet) represents a different subsidiary. Investors in an alphabet stock receive the RENT RIGHTS and CONTROL RIGHTS associated with that stock, but not those of the overarching parent company. See also CLASSIFIED STOCK.","related":["CLASSIFIED STOCK","CUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK","CLASSIFIED COMMON STOCK","STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT","STOCK SPLIT","CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK","STOCK SYMBOL","NON-CUMULATIVE PREFERRED STOCK","STOCK QUOTE","TREASURY STOCK"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION","definition":"When a resolution to a dispute is sought out of court. The processes of arbitration, conciliation, and possession proceedings are alternates for the court system. This is a voluntary choice and a 3rd party is used to keep things neutral.","related":["ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)","AMOUNT OF DISPUTE","ALTERNATIVE","EXTRAORDINARY RESOLUTION","RESOLUTION TO BORROW","ELECTIVE RESOLUTION","LEGAL DISPUTE","WRITTEN RESOLUTION","ORDINARY RESOLUTION","SPECIAL RESOLUTION"]}
{"title":"ALUMNI","definition":"A group of graduate of a school. They are male and female. The male version is alumnus and the female is alumna.","related":["SEX","BUSINESS SCHOOL","MALE CHAUVINISM","SEXUAL INTERCOURSE","ADROGATION","HOMO","IMPUBES","COLT","TALIO","PARENS"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD","definition":"The yield on a certificate of deposit over the years that it is active.","related":["ANNUAL PERCENTAGE YIELD (APY)","AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN","TAXABLE EQUIVALENT YIELD","CURRENT YIELD","DISCOUNT YIELD","YIELD TO MATURITY","BOND EQUIVALENT YIELD","MONEY MARKET YIELD","KINKED YIELD CURVE","POSITIVE YIELD CURVE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE INVENTORY","definition":"When inventory is averaged using the beginning and ending stock numbers.","related":["MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY COST","ROLLING AVERAGE INVENTORY","WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF INVENTORY","MOVING AVERAGE INVENTORY METHOD","PERPETUAL INVENTORY METHOD (PIM)","GROSS PROFIT METHOD OF INVENTORY VALUATION","VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY (VMI)","FIXED INTERVAL INVENTORY MODEL","ABC INVENTORY CLASSIFICATION","MAXIMUM INVENTORY LEVEL"]}
{"title":"ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSE INSURANCE","definition":"Homeowners insurance that covers living expenses while the owner is not living in the residence.","related":["ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSE","BLANKET MEDICAL EXPENSE INSURANCE","MEDICAL EXPENSE INSURANCE","EXTRA EXPENSE INSURANCE","OVERHEAD EXPENSE INSURANCE","LEGAL EXPENSE INSURANCE","WORKER COMPENSATION INSURANCE EXPENSE","LIVING NEED BENEFITS","TOTAL HOUSING EXPENSE","ADDITIONAL INSURED"]}
{"title":"ADD-ON SALE","definition":"Selling more goods or services than the original purchase was supposed to be.","related":["ASSET SALE","POINT OF SALE SOFTWARE","EXPORTER’S SALE PRICE","TIE IN SALE","SALE UNDER POWER OF SALE","STRUCTURED SALE","BOOTSTRAP SALE","GAIN ON SALE OF INVESTMENTS","CERTIFICATE OF SALE","GAIN ON SALE OF ASSETS"]}
{"title":"ADHOCRACY","definition":"The style of an organization that is flexible and can respond to change better. Refer to adhocism.","related":["Privacy Policy","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Secured Transactions","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Professional Responsibility","California Civil Procedure","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTED ENTRIES","definition":"An adjustment made balancing income and expenses when changes occur during the fiscal year.","related":["ADJUSTING ENTRIES","BLIND ENTRIES","ADJUSTED PREMIUM","CLOSING ENTRIES","MODIFIED ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME","OPENING ENTRIES","BOOK OF ORIGINAL ENTRIES","CYCLICALLY ADJUSTED SURPLUS","CYCLICALLY ADJUSTED DEFICIT","ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME"]}
{"title":"ADMINISPHERE","definition":"The administration office in an organization. Some employees think its negative due to the unimportant decisions made there.","related":["EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT","EMPLOYEE MORALE","LINE POSITION","MULTICULTURAL ORGANIZATION","SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME)","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS (NAM)","EMPOWERMENT","DECISION THEORY","EMPLOYEE LEASING","PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE RECEIVER","definition":"When an official appointed by a higher power takes over a company including its debt.","related":["OFFICIAL RECEIVER","RECEIVER","SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE (SG\u0026A)","ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","NE UNQUES SON RECEIVER","RECEIVER’S CERTIFICATE","RECEIVER SWAPTION","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING","ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE"]}
{"title":"ADULTHOOD","definition":"Becoming 18 years of age. Refer to legal age.","related":["AGE OF CAPACITY","MERCANTILE","BASE BUDGET","JURIDICAL PERSON","BIENNIUM","BIENNIAL","LEGALITY","CITE","MINOR","TAX CARRYBACK"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION PROGRAM","definition":"A program that is complete and performs its task but does not perform maintenance. The slang term for this is an app. AKA application software.","related":["CANNED PROGRAM","FRONT END APPLICATION","BACK-END APPLICATION","ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION","FREQUENT FLIER PROGRAM","PROGRAM","FREQUENT LODGER PROGRAM","APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ASIC)","CAPITAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM","CERTIFIED LENDERS PROGRAM"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL CAPITAL","definition":"When an asset is worth more than book value and is written up to prevent loss. It is rarely done as it is not always accurate. The US prefers to use the present value.","related":["APPRAISAL","APPRAISAL RIGHT","APPRAISAL VALUE","APPRAISAL COST","APPRAISAL REPORT","CAPITAL LOSS","NET CAPITAL","APPRAISAL FEE","SELF-APPRAISAL","PROJECT APPRAISAL"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATED EXPENDITURE","definition":"A department’s funds to do the work they are asked. The funds given are the appropriated expenditures.","related":["CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (CAPEX)","FIXED PRODUCTION OVERHEAD EXPENDITURE VARIANCE","CONSOLIDATED EXPENDITURE","EXPENDITURE","TAX EXPENDITURE","AVAILABLE EXPENDITURE","OVER-EXPENDITURE","REVENUE EXPENDITURE","EXPENDITURE METHOD","AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE (AE)"]}
{"title":"APPURTENANCE LIEN","definition":"When a new owner can take possession of anything on the land they purchased. This occurs when responsibility is not taken as the contract states.","related":["APPURTENANCE","UNPAID SELLER’S LIEN","EQUITABLE LIEN","VENDOR’S LIEN","MECHANIC’S LIEN","CARRIER’S LIEN","SELLER’S LIEN","POSSESSORY LIEN","LANDLORD’S LIEN","BANKER’S LIEN"]}
{"title":"ARCHANGEL","definition":"A strong angel investor with a successful history in investment. A consultant kept by angels to research and present opportunities.","related":["VULTURE CAPITALIST","VENTURE CAPITALIST","PRIVATE EQUITY","STYLE DRIFT","RISKFREE RATE","BULLET GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACT (GIC)","NET PRESENT VALUE RULE","MANAGED ACCOUNT","RATE OF RETURN RULE","PRESENT VALUE (PV)"]}
{"title":"AREA OF DOMINANT INFLUENCE (ADI)","definition":"An area of a market used to measure the audience reached by a broadcast. The area gets the same programing.","related":["DOMINANT ESTATE","DOMINANT TENEMENT","INFLUENCE","NORMATIVE INFLUENCE","SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE","UNDUE INFLUENCE","IMPROPER INFLUENCE","UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS","UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL","SOCIAL INFLUENCE"]}
{"title":"AROMATICS","definition":"A hydrocarbon taken fro petroleum products that release a sweet odor. The common ones are benzene tolune, and xlene. They are used for solvents, additives, and feedstocks.","related":["NAPHTHA","BENZENE (C6H6)","NATURAL GAS","PETROCHEMICAL","POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)","DEGREASER","SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS (SNG)","CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON (CHC)","PETROLEUM PRODUCTS","MANUFACTURING LEAD TIME"]}
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","definition":"A software used to make computers and robots work better than humans. The systems are rule based or neutral networks. It is used to help make new products, robotics, human language understanding, and computer vision.","related":["ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET (ANN)","BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (BI)","COLLABORATIVE BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (CBI)","ARTIFICIAL PERSONS","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE","ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE","CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA)","ARTIFICIAL","ARTIFICIAL DAY"]}
{"title":"ASCENDING TRIANGLE","definition":"A bullish pattern. A sideways patter goes between two trendlines. The top trendline doesnt move but the lower one does.","related":["ASCENDING TOP","TRIANGLE","ASCENDING ORDER","ASCENDING TREND CHANNEL","BULL TRAP","SEASONALITY","DEFENSE MECHANISM","RANDOM WALK THEORY","LATERARE","OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC)"]}
{"title":"ASKED","definition":"The price an item is quoting as its sale price.","related":["ASKED PRICE","BID AND ASKED","FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)","ENGLISH AUCTION","ESTIMATING","NOMINAL PRICE","SALE PRICE","KEYSTONE MARKUP","PURCHASE WITH PURCHASE","MARKET MAKER"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT RATIO","definition":"The way assessed value and market value are linked. It is used for tax purposes.","related":["ASSESSMENT OF TAX","ASSESSMENT","SELF-ASSESSMENT","DAMAGE ASSESSMENT","ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA)","ASSESSMENT COMPANY","TOXICITY ASSESSMENT","VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT","DEFICIENCY ASSESSMENT","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT"]}
{"title":"ASSET MANAGEMENT","definition":"The way assets are invested to create the most profit and have less risk.","related":["ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT","ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT (ALM)","FIXED ASSET MANAGEMENT","ASSET MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT","ASSET RATIONALIZATION","ASSET COVERAGE","ASSET LIQUIDITY RISK","DISTRESSED ASSET","REAL ASSET","ASSET TURNOVER RATIO"]}
{"title":"ASSET VALUATION","definition":"The vale of capital and fixed assets. This value should be on a balance sheet.","related":["ASSET VALUATION RESERVE","ACCOUNTING VALUATION","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","NON-CURRENT ASSET","ASSET","HARD ASSET","HIDDEN ASSET","ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","CONTINGENT ASSET","PAPER ASSET"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNED RISK","definition":"When a driver is forced upon an insurer for risk. This is high risk.","related":["AUTOMOBILE ASSIGNED RISK INSURANCE PLAN","NONINSURABLE RISK","RISK PREMIUM","RISK MONITORING","DIVERSIFIABLE RISK","RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS","ASSET LIQUIDITY RISK","RISK REDUCTION","DIRECT CREDIT RISK","RISK RESPONSE"]}
{"title":"AIR QUALITY CRITERIA","definition":"The pollution exposure level that can harm welfare.","related":["QUALITY CRITERIA","WATER QUALITY CRITERIA","TRAINING CRITERIA","THRESHOLD CRITERIA","TEST CRITERIA","SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA","EVALUATION CRITERIA","DEVIATION CRITERIA","COMPETITIVE CRITERIA","ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA"]}
{"title":"AIRPORT","definition":"The structure that houses and runs the flights of many commercial airlines. Navigation towers, terminals, and runways are just some of the elements. They are built on the gound but some are on boats.","related":["Patent Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Property Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Secured Transactions","AIRPORT TO AIRPORT","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ALIENATION OF ASSETS","definition":"Sellig assets that are put up for collateral. The alienation clause usually prohibits this.","related":["ALIENATION OF PROPERTY","ALIENATION OFFICE","ALIENATION","FRAUDULENT ALIENATION","LONG TERM DEBT TO TANGIBLE ASSETS RATIO","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ALIENATION CLAUSE","ALIENATION OF AFFECTION","EQUITABLE ASSETS","AGED ASSETS"]}
{"title":"ALL OR NONE (AON)","definition":"An order where a broker buys or sells the parts of an order that can be filled. If this does not occur the sale is pending. Canceled orders cannot be filled. AKA fill or kill.","related":["ALL-OR-NONE ORDER","JOBBER","REVERSE REPO","LIMIT ORDER","AWAY FROM THE MARKET","SALE AND BUYBACK","BACKLOG","LIMIT ORDER INFORMATION SYSTEM","GOLDMAN 360","ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK (ECN)"]}
{"title":"ALLOCATE","definition":"To spread costs or loss over more than one accounting period. Or to charge the loss to many activities and departments.","related":["MATCHING PRINCIPLE","STEP VARIABLE COST","LINE ITEM BUDGET","SPREAD","ACCRUED LIABILITY","PARTIAL ACCOUNT","EXPLODING OPTION","PERIODIC VALUATION","EQUIVALENT UNITS OF PRODUCTION","MORTGAGE LOAN PAYABLE"]}
{"title":"ALLOY STEEL","definition":"When an iron based alloy has silicon, copper, manganese, and tungsten added to it to make a steel. Any steel with non standard amounts of the above elements is carbon steel.","related":["STEEL","MILD STEEL","HIGH STRENGTH STEEL","CARBON STEEL","STAINLESS STEEL","LOW CARBON STEEL","HIGH CARBON STEEL","ALLOY","LEADED STEEL","EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATE DIRECTOR","definition":"A fill in director who is allowed if the firm laws allow and if the elected director says is alright.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law","Evidence 2","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Procedure","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE ROUTING","definition":"When cargo is brought on an another route that offers the same tax and terms. Refer to alernative tariff.","related":["BUYER’S RIGHT TO ROUTING","ROUTING","ALTERNATIVE PLEADING","ROUTING NUMBER","ALTERNATIVE CONTRACT","ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET (AIM)","ALTERNATIVE","ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE STAFFING"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS (AAII)","definition":"An organization for investors who are individual.","related":["NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INVESTORS CORPORATION (NAIC)","AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION (AEA)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","MOM AND POP INVESTORS","SOVEREIGN INDIVIDUAL","INDIVIDUAL"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (AMA)","definition":"A group that are leaders in marketing. It was started in the early 1900s and has 76 chapters with thousands of members. The members get information to help their businesses. They stay ahead of changes through networking and publications.","related":["AMERICAN ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION (AEA)","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS (AAII)","STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (SALLIE MAE)","ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED FRAUD EXAMINERS (ACFE)","MARKETING MANAGER","NATIONAL CUSTOMS BROKERS AND FREIGHT FORWARDERS ASSOCIATION"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION OF BOND DISCOUNT","definition":"When interest earned on a bond and how it should be described in the financial statement. It is recorded on the rightside.","related":["AMORTIZATION OF BOND COSTS","AMORTIZATION OF BOND PREMIUM","PLANNED AMORTIZATION CLASS (PAC) BOND","TARGETED AMORTIZATION CLASS (TAC) BOND","BOND DISCOUNT","UNAMORTIZED BOND DISCOUNT","DEEP DISCOUNT BOND","ZERO-COUPON BOND","BOND YIELD","ACCRETION DISCOUNT"]}
{"title":"AMOUNT REALIZED","definition":"The actual amount a good or service is sold for. Or a fair market value that an exchange costs. It is used for tax purposes.","related":["REALIZED PROFIT/LOSS","REALIZED VOLATILITY SWAP","AMOUNT OUTSTANDING AND IN CIRCULATION","REALIZED SPREAD","CBI REALIZED SALES","PRESENT VALUE (PV) OF A FUTURE AMOUNT","AMOUNT DUE","STATED AMOUNT","FACE AMOUNT","AMOUNT AT RISK"]}
{"title":"ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES","definition":"Helping an auditor get a feel for the business they are analyzing. It is also useful to be aware of any changes in the company.","related":["ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE","ANALYTICAL STUDY","ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)","ESCALATION PROCEDURES","EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES","CONTRACT PROCEDURES","POLICIES AND PROCEDURES","AGREED-UPON PROCEDURES","SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES","REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT (RESPA)"]}
{"title":"ANGEL INVESTOR","definition":"A former business owner that gives starting money for new ventures. They also advise and provide contacts. They act alone and work indirectly with the operations. AKA business angel.","related":["STRATEGIC INVESTOR","ANGEL","MERCIMONIATUS ANGEL","FALLEN ANGEL","REAL ESTATE INVESTOR","GREEN INVESTOR","HANDS-OFF INVESTOR","PASSIVE INVESTOR","SOPHISTICATED INVESTOR","LEAD INVESTOR"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL LEAVE","definition":"The time an employee can be off work without any consequences. It is paid and can be requested at the employees time of choosing.","related":["SICK LEAVE","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE (GAW)","PAID FAMILY LEAVE (PFL)","VOLUNTARY LEAVE","LEAVE OF ABSENCE","PERSONAL LEAVE","GUARANTEED ANNUAL WAGE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT","ANNUAL WAGE REPORTING (AWR)","NOMINAL ANNUAL RATE"]}
{"title":"ANNUALIZED INCOME","definition":"Adjusted income or return based on annual performance. AKA annualized return.","related":["ANNUALIZED INCOME INSTALLMENT METHOD","GROSS ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUALIZED RATE","COMPREHENSIVE INCOME","ANNUAL INCOME","ANNUALIZED HOURS","FEDERAL INCOME TAX LIABILITY","MODIFIED ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME","RESIDUAL INCOME","ADJUSTED NET INCOME APPROACH"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATE IN CLAIMS (AIC)","definition":"The certification for insurance brokers. The Insurance Institution of America offers this program. They must handle bodily injury claims, property loss adjustments, and liability claims.","related":["ASSOCIATE BROKER","CLAIMS-OCCURRENCE BASIS","PAID CLAIMS LOSS RATIO","FAKE CLAIMS","CLAIMS MADE BASIS","CLAIMS RESERVE","CLAIMS MADE BASIS LIABILITY COVERAGE","CLAIMS OCCURRENCE BASIS","COURT OF CLAIMS","NO CLAIMS BONUS"]}
{"title":"ASSURED TENANCY","definition":"When a tenant pays an open rent rate. The rules are a landlord cannot reposess property unless certain rules are broken, rent is raised at market level with a cap, and a tenant can’t give a third party tenancy without a landlords signature. AKA protected","related":["TENANCY","FIXED TERM TENANCY","PERIODIC TENANCY","TENANCY AT SUFFERANCE","TENANCY AT WILL","CO-TENANCY CLAUSE","CO-TENANCY","TENANCY BY ESTOPPEL","ENTIRE TENANCY","COTTIER TENANCY"]}
{"title":"AT LIMIT","definition":"When an agent is told to buy at a special price or sell at that price in a specific time period.","related":["SELL LIMIT ORDER","NO LIMIT ORDER","LIMIT ORDER","BUY LIMIT ORDER","DAILY TRADING LIMIT","MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMIT (MEL)","PRICE LIMIT","PRICE LIMIT ORDER","ANNUALAGGREGATE LIMIT","LIMIT MOVE"]}
{"title":"ANESTHETIC","definition":"A drug that causes loss of sensation. This loss can be total or partial. If overexposed side effects can occur and even death in severe cases.","related":["TOTAL LOSS","ANAESTHESIA","FIRST LOSS POLICY","AVERAGE WITHOUT PERCENTAGE","BENZENE POISONING","HYSTERIA","MARKET SHARE LIABILITY","LOSS OF SPECIE","MARGINAL ANALYSIS","SHOCK LOSS"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL INFLATION SWAP","definition":"An OVERTHECOUNTER SWAP involving the exchange of floating (actual) and fixed INFLATION at the end of each annual evaluation period. Annual inflation swaps, which generally reference an inflation index of consumer prices, are often structured as longterm transactions, with maturities extending to 10+ years. See also INFLATION SWAP, ZERO COUPON INFLATION SWAP.","related":["INFLATION SWAP","ZERO COUPON INFLATION SWAP","CURRENCY SWAP","ELECTRICITY SWAP","DISCOUNT SWAP","EQUITY INDEX SWAP","INFLATION-LINKED SECURITY","EQUITY PUT SWAP","EQUITY CALL SWAP","DIFFERENTIAL SWAP"]}
{"title":"ANNUALIZED HOURS","definition":"Calculating the work time by year. It is used to accomodate seasonal variations in employment.","related":["ANNUALIZED RATE","ANNUALIZED INCOME","AVAILABLE HOURS","STANDARD HOURS","BUSINESS HOURS","AFTER-HOURS TRADING","ANNUALIZED INCOME INSTALLMENT METHOD","EXTENDED HOURS TRADING","STANDARD HOURS ALLOWED","ADAPTIVE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING"]}
{"title":"ANODE","definition":"The component of an electrolytic cell called an electrode where oxidation takes place usually causing corrosion.","related":["ELECTROPLATING","CATHODIC PROTECTION","RUSTING","GALVANIZING","METHANE (CH4)","MUTAGEN","ANODIC PROTECTION","PHOTOVOLTIC CELL","PYROLYSIS","SMELTING"]}
{"title":"ANTIDUMPING DUTY","definition":"A form of protection local companies from foreign competition by charging a penalty when the merchandise is underpriced.","related":["TONNAGE DUTY","DUTY","BREACH OF DUTY","STATUTORY DUTY","NON-DELEGABLE DUTY","STAMP DUTY","NO DUTY RULE","FIDUCIARY DUTY","EXCISE DUTY","MINISTERIAL DUTY"]}
{"title":"ANYANDALLBID","definition":"When an investor promises to purchase all shares up for sale within a certain date at an agreed upon price.","related":["SELL SHORT","EQUITY OPTION","LONG POSITION","BUY THE BOOK","CLOSED-END MUTUAL FUND","STOCK SPLIT","FORWARD COVER","CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK","NO LOAD FUND","BUY-IN"]}
{"title":"APPEARANCE ALLOWANCE","definition":"The payment awarded an insured for a vehicle that has been in an accident, but only slightly damaged.","related":["FIXED AND VARIABLE RATE ALLOWANCE (FAVR)","MILEAGE ALLOWANCE","ALLOWANCE","EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT ALLOWANCE","NON-APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE","APPEARANCE DAY","APPEARANCE DOCKET","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","GRATIS APPEARANCE"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION SHARING","definition":"When a network allows more than two users to have access to programs.","related":["APPLICATION SERVER","APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER (ASP)","TIME SHARING","APPLICATION PACKAGE","APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (API)","LEGACY APPLICATION","REVENUE SHARING","GAINS SHARING","EQUITY SHARING","WORK SHARING"]}
{"title":"APPRAISAL FEE","definition":"A charge that an appraiser estimates for market value. The fee is based on the value or it can be fixed.","related":["APPRAISAL","APPRAISAL REPORT","APPRAISAL VALUE","APPRAISAL DATE","QUALIFIED APPRAISAL","APPRAISAL APPROACH","APPRAISAL RIGHT","APPRAISAL OF RECORDS","BEHAVIOR-BASED APPRAISAL","RECORD APPRAISAL"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATIONS BILL","definition":"When congress uses public money for a specific goal. The bills are voted on every year and must be clarified before being passed. It must be edited until both parties agree on the terms.","related":["STATUTORY APPROPRIATIONS","STANDING APPROPRIATIONS","BILL RENEWAL","PRIVATE BILL","Bill Of Rights","GOVERNMENT BILL","BILL OF EXCEPTIONS","BY BILL, BY BILL WITHOUT WRIT","TREASURY BILL (T-BILL)","BILL PAYABLE"]}
{"title":"APTITUDE TEST","definition":"A test given to employees to assess abilities and potential.","related":["APTITUDE","SALES APTITUDE","WORK SAMPLE TEST","RATIO TEST","PERCENTAGE TEST","LITERACY TEST","COMPLIANCE TEST","TEST SEQUENCE","READERSHIP TEST","QUALIFICATION TEST"]}
{"title":"ARCHITECTENGINEER","definition":"A party that is an architect and an engineer. Or a firm that has both architects and engineers working for their firm.","related":["CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT PHASE","CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION","MANAGEMENT CONTRACTOR","ERRORS AND OMISSIONS LIABILITY INSURANCE","CERTIFICATE OF SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION","OPEN PLAN","CERTIFICATE FOR PAYMENT","ARCHITECT","ENGINEERING DATA","PERSONNEL"]}
{"title":"AREA SOURCE OF POLLUTION","definition":"A source that releases air pollutants over a small area of air. It is not a point source.","related":["ORGANIC POLLUTION","COLLATERAL SOURCE DOCTRINE","DIFFUSE POLLUTION","SOLE SOURCE","NON-POINT SOURCE","POINT SOURCE","SOLE SOURCE ACQUISITION","OPEN SOURCE","POLLUTION","AIR POLLUTION"]}
{"title":"ARREST","definition":"To keep a person in lawful custody. A warrant, crime, or statute can authorize this.","related":["ARREST WITHOUT WARRANT","WARRANT OF ARREST","ARREST WARRANT","FALSE ARREST","PAROL ARREST","SECOND ARREST","MALICIOUS\nARREST","ARREST OF JUDGMENT","PRIVILEGE FROM ARREST","ARREST OF INQUEST"]}
{"title":"ARTISAN’S LIEN","definition":"A charge that allows the artis to keep his or her work until the item is paid for.","related":["ARTISAN","TAX LIEN","LIEN","FLOATING LIEN","SPECIFIC LIEN","BANKER’S LIEN","CUSTOMS LIEN","FEDERAL TAX LIEN","SELLER’S LIEN","VENDOR’S LIEN"]}
{"title":"AFFINITY MARKETING","definition":"Grouping companies or brands to sell goods or services. Loyalty is increased for all parties and there is more market exposure.","related":["MARKET-LED MARKETING","AFFINITY","AFFINITY GROUP","AFFINITY FRAUD","AFFINITY DIAGRAM","AFFINITY CARD","QUASI AFFINITY","CATALOG MARKETING","AFFINITY GROUP FARE","SOCIAL MARKETING"]}
{"title":"AFTERMARKET","definition":"The second hand market for parts to maintain equipment. Some are very large. AKA replacement market or secondary market.","related":["AFTERMARKET REPORT","REPLACEMENT FACTOR","ENGROSS","Q RATIO","PANEL BANK","WHERE IS AS IS","PRIMARY MARKET","REBUILDING","EQUIPMENT LEASING PARTNERSHIP","SERVICE LEASE"]}
{"title":"AGE OF CAPACITY","definition":"When a person reaches 18 years of age. This is the legal adult age. Refer to legal age.","related":["CAPACITY","CAPACITY ANALYSIS","CAPACITY OF PARTIES","ENGINEERED CAPACITY","EARNING CAPACITY","FIDUCIARY CAPACITY","EXECUTION CAPACITY","IMPAIRMENT OF FUTURE EARNING CAPACITY","DEMONSTRATED CAPACITY","PRODUCTION CAPACITY"]}
{"title":"AGENCY COSTS","definition":"Direct and indirect costs arising from the separation of ownership (i.e., COMMON STOCK shareholders) and control (i.e., DIRECTORS and managers) that ultimately lead to a reduction in ENTERPRISE VALUE. Agency costs can include the expenses associated with implementing processes for monitoring, reporting, and auditing.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Legislation and Regulation","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Patent Law","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Evidence 2","Admin Law","Property Law"]}
{"title":"AGENTED CREDIT","definition":"A loan with many banks where one deals with the client.","related":["CREDIT RESERVE","STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C)","CIRCULAR CREDIT","CREDIT FR","CREDIT CONTROL","GUILLOTINE LETTER OF CREDIT","FIVE C’S OF CREDIT","REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY","LOAN CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP (LCDS)","DIRECT CREDIT RISK"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE STOP LOSS INSURANCE","definition":"An INSURANCE contract that becomes effective once a company","related":["SPECIFIC STOP LOSS INSURANCE","STOP-LOSS INSURANCE","STOP LOSS REINSURANCE","RETROSPECTIVE AGGREGATE LOSS COVER","AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","STOP LOSS","BREAKEVEN STOP-LOSS","STOP LOSS ORDER","FIRST LOSS INSURANCE","LOSS-SENSITIVE INSURANCE CONTRACTS"]}
{"title":"AGREED AMOUNT CLAUSE","definition":"A rule that states insurance and coinsurance must be the same amount.","related":["Agreed Value","AMOUNT COVERED","APPORTIONMENT CLAUSE","STATED AMOUNT","FACE AMOUNT","AMOUNT AT RISK","Agreed Cost","PRESENT VALUE (PV) OF A FUTURE AMOUNT","ALIENATION CLAUSE","AMOUNT OF LOSS"]}
{"title":"AIR FREIGHT CONSOLIDATOR","definition":"When a company gives shipments but does not own their own plane. They take the goods and bring them to the aircraft. An air waybill proves the shipment was received. A tracking number as well is given by the actual carrier.","related":["FREIGHT","FREIGHT FORWARDER","FREIGHT BILL","FREIGHT RATE","FREIGHT ALL KIND (FAK)","CASS FREIGHT INDEX","PREPAID FREIGHT","FREIGHT-IN","FREIGHT-OUT","TERMS OF FREIGHT"]}
{"title":"AIR WAYBILL (AWB)","definition":"A bill that is a receipt of goods and a contract to ship by air the goods. The terms and conditions are listed on it as well as a list of the goods and charges. There is a standard format AWB used worldwide. AKA airbill or air consignment note.","related":["FORWARDER’S AIR WAYBILL (AWB)","SEA WAYBILL","WAYBILL","FORWARDER’S BILL OF LADING (B/L)","BILL OF LADING","CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE","AFFREIGHTMENT","STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING (B/L)","GOODS RECEIPT","BIELBRIEF GERM"]}
{"title":"ALERT","definition":"A warnig that suggests a dangerous level has been reached, an accident or disaster has occured, or normal events will be interupted due to repairs and uncontrollable events.","related":["MAN-MADE DISASTER","RES IPSA LOQUITOR","PERIOD OF TOLERANCE","CNN EFFECT","RESTORATION","SECONDARY DISASTER","STOCKPILING","FINANCIAL IMPACT","EMERGENCY MEDICINE","REORDER POINT"]}
{"title":"ALL CASH, ALL STOCK OFFER","definition":"A way to buy when the buyer offers to buy all shares for a cash price.","related":["FIXED-PRICE TENDER OFFER","CASH FLOW PER SHARE","CASH ACKNOWLEDGMENT","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","CASH-OR-NOTHING OPTION","NET CASH FLOW CHANGE IN CASH","STANDING OFFER","OR NEAR OFFER (ONO)","REVERSE STOCK SPLIT"]}
{"title":"ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS","definition":"Insurers that work together for a common goal or interest.","related":["LIFE INSURERS’ CONFERENCE","NONPROFIT INSURERS","STRATEGIC ALLIANCE","ALLIANCE","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENT INSURERS","CONSOLIDATED ALLIANCE","BUSINESS ALLIANCE","AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARE (ADS)","AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)"]}
{"title":"ALLOWABILITY","definition":"A cost that is reasonable, alloccabile, fits the GAAP, and fits contract terms.","related":["FIXED PRICE CONTRACT","LOWER OF COST OR MARKET VALUE","ONEROUS CONTRACT","PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD","OFFICIOUS BYSTANDER TEST","CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT","MORTGAGE MODIFICATION","CLOSED CONTRACT","BOND INDENTURE","LIQUIDATED DAMAGES"]}
{"title":"ALTERATION COST","definition":"Expenses due to alterations on a structure that may or may not add market value.","related":["ALTERATION","MATERIAL ALTERATION","STRUCTURAL ALTERATION","COLORABLE ALTERATION","CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATION, REPAIR (CAR)","ALTERATION OF SHARE CAPITAL","FORGERY OR ALTERATION COVERAGE FORM","SETUP COST","EXECUTORY COST","FREIGHT COST"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET (AIM)","definition":"In the UK the market and stock of small companies that can’t afford the LSE. Refer to over the counter market.","related":["MONEY MARKET INVESTMENT","FREE MARKET","NASDAQ STOCK MARKET","MARKET SYSTEM","ALTERNATIVE ROUTING","ALTERNATIVE MEDIA","INVESTMENT TRUST","DEBT INVESTMENT","NEGOTIATED MARKET","MARKET CAPITALIZATION (MARKET CAP)"]}
{"title":"AMBIGUITY PRINCIPLE","definition":"In insurance a rule that words must be clear and favor the the firm. The insured has no input on the contract.","related":["AMBIGUITY","EXTRINSIC AMBIGUITY","LATENT AMBIGUITY","ROLE AMBIGUITY","ABSTRACTION PRINCIPLE","SUBROGATION PRINCIPLE","AMBIGUITY UPON TLIE FACTUM","AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE","BOTTLENECK PRINCIPLE","CONDUIT PRINCIPLE"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION (AEA)","definition":"A group started in 1885 to research and discuss economic trends. The headquarters are in Nashville, Tennessee. The members are scholars, business men, government employees, and nonprofit members. A meeting is held yearly to discuss issues at hand. A membe","related":["AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS (AAII)","NATIONAL CUSTOMS BROKERS AND FREIGHT FORWARDERS ASSOCIATION","ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED FRAUD EXAMINERS (ACFE)","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (NAHB)","LABOR ECONOMICS"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (AWG)","definition":"The standard measure of wire diameter. The thicker the wire the lower the number of wires combined to make it. The wire can be copper, aluminum, and any non iron non steel substance.","related":["LIVE WIRE","WIRE","GAUGE","GAUGE REPEATABILITY \u0026 REPRODUCIBILITY (GR\u0026R)","FED WIRE","BUSINESS WIRE","WIRE TRANSFER","ALLOY STEEL","AMERICAN BUSINESS CONFERENCE (ABC)","DEFERRED PAYMENT AMERICAN OPTION"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZED LOAN","definition":"A loan that is paid by monthly installments. The payment is first placed on the interest than the balance secondly. The loan is paid off more principal closer to its conclusion. AKA amortizing loan.","related":["NON-AMORTIZED LOAN","AMORTIZED COST","MORTGAGE LOAN PAYABLE","RENEGOTIABLE RATE LOAN","CONSTANT PAYMENT LOAN","AMORTIZED","PERFORMING LOAN","UNDERWATER LOAN","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION","CLASSIFIED LOAN"]}
{"title":"ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","definition":"How well a firm uses its asset to create income. The higher the ratio the better. Each type of asset is calculated such as cash to sales, inventory to sales, and fixed assets to sales. The ratio is called capital intensity.","related":["FIXED ASSET TURNOVER RATIO","DEBT/ASSET RATIO","CASH ASSET RATIO","CAPITAL TURNOVER","ASSET/EQUITY RATIO","RATE OF TURNOVER","TOTAL ASSETS TO SALES RATIO","PEGY RATIO (PEG)","ASSET-BASED LOAN","TURNOVER RATIOS"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNABLE CONTRACT","definition":"A contract that allows an owner to give rights or obligations to a new owner. The new owner will also get any benefits before contract close. Exchange traded contracts are not assignable.","related":["ASSIGNABLE","PRIVITY OF CONTRACT","ASSIGNABLE LEASE","ASSIGNABLE ERROR","CONTRACT OF INSURANCE","SPECIAL CONTRACT","RESCISSION OF CONTRACT","CONTRACT MANAGEMENT","ONEROUS CONTRACT","PRIME CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ASSIMILATE","definition":"1.To take in. 2. to become a part of another entity.","related":["LOCKOUT","NEGLIGENCE RULE","ENTITY CONCEPT","CREDIT SPREAD","ENTITY","FRANCHISE TAX","MARKET SHARE LIABILITY","PARTY IN INTEREST","PRIVITY OF ESTATE","ENTITY THEORY"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OR SYNDICATE POOL","definition":"When insurers get together to write large risk insurance and split expense and premiums. Refer to risk.","related":["MUTUAL ATOMIC ENERGY REINSURANCE POOL","RISK POOL","SYNDICATE","SYNDICATE AGREEMENT","REINSURANCE POOL","HEALTH INSURANCE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EXPORT COMPANIES","BREAKING SYNDICATE","LLOYD’S SYNDICATE","BANKING SYNDICATE"]}
{"title":"ASYMMETRY","definition":"The state of not having balance. One part is more than the other.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitutional Law (Cherminisky)","Constitutional Law (Chemerinsky)","Secured Transactions","Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Payment Systems","Civil Procedure I (Clermont)","Civil Procedure: Cases and Problems (Ides and May)"]}
{"title":"ATAPI","definition":"It stands for AT attachment packet interface. Its simpler than a SCSI used in computers. It can allow 100mb/sec on storage devices.","related":["DATAGRAM","MEGABYTE","STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)","ASCII","MICROCOMPUTER","COMPUTER SYSTEM","PACKET","GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)","LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)","DEVICE DRIVER"]}
{"title":"ATTACK","definition":"1. to make good on a threat. Refer to aggression and assault. 2. when a hacker gets into your computer to damage it. Refer to active attack.","related":["DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOS) ATTACK","ACTIVE ATTACK","PASSIVE ATTACK","DIRECT ATTACK","DATA DRIVEN ATTACK","COLLATERAL ATTACK","OFFENSIVE","FELONIOUS ASSAULT","DEMESNE","SIMPLE ASSAULT"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY’S FEE AWARDS","definition":"A law requiring the losing party to pay legal fees for the winning party. It is used in lawsuits, civil rights cases, copyright, and patent issues.","related":["CASH AWARDS","ATTORNEY GENERAL","ATTORNEY AT LAW","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY\nOF RECORD","ATTORNEY OF RECORD","ATTORNEY-IN-FACT","POWER OF ATTORNEY OF PROPERTY","POWER-OF-ATTORNEY","ATTORNEY IN FACT"]}
{"title":"AUDIENCE COMPOSITION","definition":"The demographical data and location of the audience reached by advertising.","related":["AUDIENCE PROFILE","CAPTIVE AUDIENCE","HOLDOVER AUDIENCE","AUDIENCE","COMPOSITION OF TITHES, OR\nREAL COMPOSITION","AUDIENCE COURT","SECONDARY AUDIENCE","TARGET AUDIENCE","COMPOSITION","DRAMATIC COMPOSITION"]}
{"title":"AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","definition":"A statement made by an accountant that is chartered or certified.","related":["CERTIFIED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CFS)","BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","FASB STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS (SFAC)","PRIMARY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS","PERSONAL FINANCIAL SPECIALIST","COMMON-SIZE FINANCIAL STATEMENT","CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER","ACCREDITED PERSONAL FINANCIAL PLANNING SPECIALIST"]}
{"title":"AUSTERITY BUDGET","definition":"When a budget is decided by the government to reduce deficit. The goal is to cut comsumer spending.","related":["BUDGET ESTIMATE","BUDGET SURPLUS","BUDGET DEFICIT","BUDGET HEARING","FEDERAL BUDGET DEFICIT","BASE BUDGET","STATIC BUDGET","BUDGET CYCLE","OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET (OMB)","ON BUDGET"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZATION","definition":"1.how a party is verified when they start a transaction. 2. giving or denying access to a user based on their autheniciation and authorization.","related":["AUTHORIZATION CODE","PRECERTIFICATION AUTHORIZATION","PRIOR AUTHORIZATION","PRE-ADMISSION AUTHORIZATION","BLANKET AUTHORIZATION","WORK AUTHORIZATION","AUTHORIZATION RISK","LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION","RETURN MERCHANDISE AUTHORIZATION (RMA)","AUTOPSY TESTAMENTARY AUTHORIZATION OF"]}
{"title":"AUTOCORRELATED TIME SERIES","definition":"When the current value depends on the past value in a series.","related":["Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Remedy (Keyed to Jacobs)","Contracts I (Hillman)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC CLEARINGHOUSE (ACH)","definition":"In the United States a national ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER network that clears and settles recurring payments between financial institutions, as well as debits and credits generated through businesstobusiness commerce and trade transactions.","related":["CLEARINGHOUSE INTERBANK PAYMENT SYSTEM (CHIPS)","CLEARINGHOUSE","CLEARINGHOUSE AUTOMATED PAYMENT SYSTEM (CHAPS)","AUTOMATIC BILL PAYMENT","AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE","AUTOMATIC EXTENSION","AUTOMATIC","AUTOMATIC STAY","AUTOMATIC PAYMENTS","AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION"]}
{"title":"ALTA","definition":"Mortgage risk category that isnt prime or sub prime but is closer to prime. AKA A minus.","related":["ALTA VIA","ALTA PRODITIO","PRIME NUMBER","SPREAD RISK","SUBPRIME","GENERIC NAME","JUNIOR MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE EQUITY ANALYSIS","BLEEDING EDGE TECHNOLOGY","NET CREDIT SALES"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE FUTURES","definition":"The idea that anything has more than one path it can take in its lifetime. Foresight and decision making change the path.","related":["FINANCIAL FUTURES","Reasons You Should Trade Futures","FUTURES PUT","FUTURES","FUTURES CONTRACT","FUTURES CALL","FUTURES MARKET","FUTURES OPTION","COMMODITY FUTURES","FUTURES EXCHANGE"]}
{"title":"AMBIENT CONDITIONS","definition":"Weather or atmosphereic conditions in a place. It changes from day to day.","related":["AMBIENT STANDARDS","DESIGN CONDITIONS","CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT","CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT","SPECIAL CONDITIONS","WORKING CONDITIONS","SUPPLEMENTAL CONDITIONS","CONDITIONS OF CARRIAGE","GENERAL CONDITIONS","TENDER CONDITIONS"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARE (ADS)","definition":"COMMON STOCK issued by a foreign company in the US marketplace. ADSs, denominated in US dollars, are registered with the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION and are traded on an EXCHANGE or OVERTHECOUNTER. See also AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPT, GLOBALDEPOSITORY RECEIPT, GLOBAL DEPOSITORY SHARE.","related":["GLOBAL DEPOSITORY SHARE (GDS)","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARES (ADS)","AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPT (ADR)","GLOBAL DEPOSITORY RECEIPT (GDR)","EUROPEAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPT (EDR)","CENTRAL REGISTRATION DEPOSITORY (CRD)","PERMANENT INTEREST BEARING SHARE (PIBS)","AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE (AMEX)","EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","A-SHARE"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)","definition":"The largest standards source for materials, goods, services, and any system. Additiona information is also published like sampling methods, testing methods, effects of agents, and safety guidelines.","related":["POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY","MATERIALS MANAGEMENT","MATERIALS HANDLING","EXPLODING THE BILL OF MATERIALS","TOXICITY TESTING","DESTRUCTIVE TESTING","STANDARD BILL OF MATERIALS","CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY","EMPLOYMENT TESTING","MATERIALS QUANTITY VARIANCE (MQV)"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZED","definition":"Liquidating regular payments at an interval over a specific period of time.","related":["NON-AMORTIZED LOAN","AMORTIZED COST","AMORTIZED LOAN","D RECESS","VIBRATION","LIFE INCOME WITH PERIOD CERTAIN ANNUITY","CHECK ROUTINE","PERIODIC REPORT","INTERREGNUM","MORTGAGE PASS THROUGH SECURITY"]}
{"title":"ANALOG COSTING","definition":"Deciding cost of similar items and factors to reconsile the differences between them. AKA analog cost estimating.","related":["ABSORPTION COSTING","PROCESS COSTING","DIFFERENTIAL COSTING","CONTINUOUS OPERATION COSTING","TARGET COSTING","KAIZEN COSTING","ANALOG","ANALOG SIGNAL","ANALOG TO DIGITAL (AD) CONVERSION","STANDARD COSTING"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY GUARANTY","definition":"A bond where the guarantor is a cosigner of a contract. They have more rights and can challenge payment demands. They are illegal in the US but common in the UK. AKA contract guarantee.","related":["GUARANTY","LIMITED GUARANTY","BILL GUARANTY","ABSOLUTE GUARANTY","GUARANTY FUNDS","BANK GUARANTY","MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTY AGENCY (MIGA)","PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION (PBGC)","ANCILLARY","BORROWING AUTHORITY OF PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION (PBGC)"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL CLEANUP","definition":"When the borrower must have a zero balance with the company for 3.060 days. It is not common anymore and is not necessary for a secured line of credit.","related":["CLEANUP REQUIREMENT","CLEANUP PERIOD","CLEANUP MERGER","CLEANUP","CLEANUP FUND","CLEANUP CALL","ANNUAL MORTGAGOR STATEMENT","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL REPORT","ANNUAL FEE"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL RETURN","definition":"1. a yearly report about a firms operations, composition, and position. It mus be done by incorporated and registered firms. Details on this are stock holders, directors, charges against a firm, office address, addresses of members, and the last financial","related":["EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN","ANNUAL REPORT","ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM)","ANNUAL PENSION","RETURN OF PROCESS","ANNUAL FIXED RATE","ANNUAL VALUE","ANNUAL FEE","ANNUAL BENEFIT STATEMENT"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY CONTRACT","definition":"A contract that defines an annuity plan. The number of payments and the amount paid is on this. As well as the start and end date and names of parties involved.","related":["REFUND ANNUITY CONTRACT","CASH REFUND ANNUITY","ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","ANNUITY CERTAIN","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","REFUND ANNUITY","ANNUITY","DEFERRED GROUP ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","PURE ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANTICIPATION STOCK","definition":"Any material used seasonally or to meet shortfall. AKA anticipation inventory, build stock, seasonal inventory, and seasonal stock.","related":["Secured Transactions","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure","Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Professional Responsibility","Trust and Will","Labor Law","Civ Pro II (Glannon)"]}
{"title":"ANTITHEFT DEVICE","definition":"A way to prevent stealing. It can be for cars or for computer data.","related":["OUTPUT DEVICE","PERIPHERAL DEVICE","GRAPHICAL DEVICE INTERFACE","DEVICE","DEVICE INDEPENDENCE","DEVICE DRIVER","DEVICE DEPENDENCE","ACTION DEVICE","RESPONSE DEVICE","TRAINING DEVICE"]}
{"title":"APICS BUSINESS OUTLOOK INDEX","definition":"A business index that is surveyed monthly to determine expansion or contradiction on the index.","related":["BUSINESS STARTS INDEX","EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND FAR EAST INDEX (EAFE INDEX)","CB LEADING INDEX","PRESENT SITUATION INDEX","CASS FREIGHT INDEX","POWER DISTANCE INDEX (PDI)","OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK","WORLD ENERGY INVESTMENT OUTLOOK (WEO)","STOCK INDEX OPTION","BROAD-BASED INDEX"]}
{"title":"APPLICATION OF FUNDS","definition":"A statement that addresses sources and their use for liquid funds and working capital.","related":["STATEMENT OF SOURCES AND APPLICATION OF FUNDS","FUNDS STATEMENT","SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS OF FUNDS STATEMENT","APPLICATION","FEDERAL FUNDS","LOAN APPLICATION","CORPORATE FUNDS","RESERVE FUNDS","ADJUSTED FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS (AFFO)","CAPITAL FUNDS"]}
{"title":"APPORTIONMENT OF LIABILITY","definition":"When more than two defendants cause injury their percent of harm is decided.","related":["APPORTIONMENT","APPORTIONMENT CLAUSE","BUSINESS LIABILITY","PROPERTY DAMAGE LIABILITY INSURANCE","STRICT LIABILITY","PREMISES AND OPERATIONS LIABILITY INSURANCE","EMPLOYER’S LIABILITY INSURANCE","OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS LIABILITY INSURANCE","MARKET SHARE LIABILITY","EMPLOYER’S LIABILITY"]}
{"title":"APPRECIATION","definition":"When an asset’s value increases due to improvements or additions.","related":["APPRECIATION IN VALUE","CAPITAL APPRECIATION","UNREALIZED APPRECIATION","STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT","SHARED APPRECIATION MORTGAGE (SAM)","CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND","LONG-TERM EQUITY APPRECIATION SECURITY (LEAPS)","LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS","ADDITION","BETTERMENT ACT"]}
{"title":"APPROVED LIST","definition":"A collected list of investments that a firm or fund can make according to the firm rules.","related":["APPROVED BIDDERS LIST","BLACK-LIST","MAILING LIST","PACKING LIST","ELECTRONIC MAILING LIST","JURY LIST","PROHIBITED LIST","LEGAL LIST","WATCH LIST","APPROVED CHANGE"]}
{"title":"ARC","definition":"A discharge of electricity over a space with two electrodes.","related":["ELECTRIC","ELECTRICITY","SPOT WELDING","ELECTRICITY SWAP","ARC FURNACE","AIR SPACE","ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE","MINI-WAREHOUSE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP","FOOTPRINT","RENEWABLE ENERGY"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVAL VALUE","definition":"How valuable a record is according to the requirements for permanent retention. AKA continuing value, enduring value, and historical value.","related":["ARCHIVAL","ARCHIVAL FONDS","ARCHIVAL RECORD","ARCHIVAL BOND","ARCHIVAL COLLECTION","ARCHIVAL INTEGRITY","RECORD RETENTION SCHEDULE","PERPETUAL","CONTINUING","PASSIVE RETENTION"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE BALANCE","definition":"When more money is taken out of an account than it has in it. This account is linked to a country not an individual.","related":["ADVERSE BALANCE OF TRADE","UNCLAIMED BALANCE","NET CASH BALANCE","BALANCE OF POWER","AVAILABLE BALANCE","FAVORABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS","FISCAL BALANCE","ADVERSE FINANCIAL SELECTION","STATEMENT BALANCE","BALANCE"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION","definition":"The cost of advertising in an accounting period. Any advertising appropriate method is used for this figure.","related":["ADVERTISING APPROPRIATION METHODS","ADVERTISING BRIEF","COMPARISON ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING EFFICIENCY","SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING","UNFAIR ADVERTISING","TRADE ADVERTISING","BAIT AND SWITCH ADVERTISING","DEFENSIVE ADVERTISING","PREPAID ADVERTISING"]}
{"title":"ADVERTISING PAGE EXPOSURE","definition":"The times an ad is seen in a print media source.","related":["FIRST-PAGE-OUT TIME","ADVERTISING CHANNEL","ADVERTISING MATERIAL","ADVERTISING COVERAGE","ADVERTISING WEIGHT","SOCIAL ADVERTISING","PAGE PROOF","PAGE LAYOUT","HOME PAGE","SUBSIDIARY PAGE"]}
{"title":"ADVISED LINE","definition":"A BANK LINE that a financial institution approves and maintains for a customer. The size of the line is specifically conveyed to the customer, though availability depends on the terms of the credit agreement and/or the payment of a COMMITMENT FEE. Also known as CONFIRMED LINE. See also GUIDANCE LINE.","related":["GUIDANCE LINE","BANK LINE","ADVISED CREDIT","ADVISED","LINE","BOTTOM LINE","LINE ART","LIMIT","LINE GRAPH","BRANCH LINE"]}
{"title":"AEROBIC","definition":"A term meaning that an activity requires oxygen to complete its work. Refer to anearobic.","related":["Patent Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Labor Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Contracts I","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Torts (Selmi)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"AFFINE FUNCTION","definition":"Calculation that uses constant slope when charted on a graph.","related":["AFFINE PRICING","LINEAR FUNCTION","STEP FUNCTION","FUNCTION","LINE FUNCTION","CONSUMPTION FUNCTION","STAFF FUNCTION","BUSINESS FUNCTION","QUALITY LOSS FUNCTION","UTILITY OF MONEY FUNCTION"]}
{"title":"AFLOAT","definition":"Goods on a boat betwen the start and end of the journey.","related":["SCAPHA","LAUNCH","PUBLIC LAW","U WHARFAGE","HAIRCUT","FOREIGN SALES CORPORATION (FSC)","DIETA","MATELOTAGE","BOOKABLE ROUTE","EN ROUTE"]}
{"title":"AGAINST ACTUALS","definition":"A hedge where futures are exchanged for cash contracts.","related":["ACTUALS","FUTURE","SQUARE POSITION","MACRO HEDGE","COMMERCIAL TRADER","FUTURES EXCHANGE","STOCK INDEX FUTURES","FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANT (FCM)","ANTICIPATORY HEDGE","SHORT ARBITRAGE"]}
{"title":"AGENCY BY APPOINTMENT","definition":"When an entity is made agent to act on anothers behalf.","related":["APPARENT AGENCY","SALES AGENCY","APPOINTMENT","POWER OF APPOINTMENT","APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS","SPECIAL POWER OF APPOINTMENT","GENERAL POWER OF APPOINTMENT","ENFORCING AGENCY","AGENCY BY RATIFICATION","AGENCY IN FACT"]}
{"title":"AGENCY SHOP CLAUSE","definition":"When union members must pay a fee monthly. It is for employees of a company that requires employees to join the union.","related":["AGENCY-SHOP AGREEMENT","NO-SHOP CLAUSE","OPEN SHOP","MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERSHIP CLAUSE","CLOSED SHOP CONTRACT","UNION SHOP","CLOSED SHOP","SHOP STEWARD","GO SHOP PERIOD","SHOP RIGHT RULE"]}
{"title":"AUDIT EVIDENCE","definition":"The grounds an auditor comes to an opinion based on. Tests and documents are used for this.","related":["SPECIAL AUDIT","TAX AUDIT","FORENSIC EVIDENCE","SHORT FORM AUDIT REPORT","AUDIT OPINION","AUDIT","EXPERT EVIDENCE","DESK AUDIT","CONTINUOUS AUDIT","RETAIL AUDIT"]}
{"title":"AUDITOR’S OPINION","definition":"An auditor’s statement in their reports. The three types are unqualified, qualified, or adverse. The company may have gotten an uncertified auditor that cannot access the information needed. They may have a good auditor but their opinion is is neutral. Or","related":["AUDITOR’S DISCLAIMER OF OPINION","AUDITOR’S ADVERSE OPINION","AUDITOR’S QUALIFIED OPINION","QUALIFIED OPINION","ADVERSE OPINION","QUALITY AUDITOR","QUALIFIED AUDITOR","EXCEPT-FOR-OPINION","UNQUALIFIED OPINION","UNAUDITED OPINION"]}
{"title":"AUTHENTICATION KEY","definition":"A digital code used to keep electronic payments secure from any third parties. The amount, time, and date are used for this.","related":["AUTHENTICATION CERTIFICATE","BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION","CHALLENGE-HANDSHAKE AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (CHAP)","AUTHENTICATION","PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL (PAP)","REMOTE AUTHENTICATION DIAL IN SERVICE (RADIUS)","ANNUITY CONTRACT","COMPUTATIONALLY SECURE","DIGERATI","PROMISE TO PAY"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED SETTLEMENT AGENT","definition":"A back that can send checks t the federal reserve bank for a debt collection. A clearing house is used. This keeps banks running smoothly.","related":["AGENT BANK","AUTHORIZED BANK","AUTHORIZED USER","COMMITTEE ON PAYMENT AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS (CPSS)","FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM","AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY","AUTHORIZED PERSON","AUTHORIZED CAPITAL","SHARES AUTHORIZED","AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR (AEO)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT (ACE)","definition":"The Customs agency system used to process imports and exports. It is faster and decreases time lost moving goods. It also increases security.","related":["AUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)","AUTOMATED PURCHASE SYSTEM","COMMERCIAL INVOICE","MARKET CONTROLLED PRICE ENVIRONMENT","AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE","AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)","AUTOMATED BOND SYSTEM (ABS)","AUTOMATED RESERVATION SYSTEM","BANKS AUTOMATED CLEARING SYSTEM (BACS)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN","definition":"An agreement that allows withdrawals periodically from an account to invest in a mutual fund.","related":["AUTOMATIC REINVESTMENT PLAN","SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN","INVESTMENT TRUST","AUTOMATIC WITHDRAWAL","AUTOMATIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS","POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLE (PIV)","AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","OMAN INVESTMENT FUND","AUTOMATIC BILL PAYMENT","ETHICAL INVESTMENT"]}
{"title":"AUTOMOBILE ASSIGNED RISK INSURANCE PLAN","definition":"Coverage for an auto owner that has trouble getting insurance due to a bad driving record. It is more expensive than standard auto insurance.","related":["ASSIGNED RISK","AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE","AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE","AUTOMOBILE PHYSICAL DAMAGE INSURANCE","FAMILY AUTOMOBILE POLICY","BUSINESS AUTOMOBILE POLICY","POLITICAL RISK INSURANCE","SPECIAL RISK INSURANCE","FLOOR PLAN INSURANCE","BUILDERS RISK HULL INSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AUTOSHIP","definition":"When a shipment is made regularly with an automated payment. It helps with commission.","related":["OVER, SHORT, AND DAMAGED (OS\u0026D)","AGREED VALUATION","LANDING ACCOUNT","ADVANCE NOTICE","COMMERCIAL AGENT","PARTIAL SHIPMENT","STANDING ORDER","BILL OF SIGHT","LANDED COST","DECONSOLIDATION"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","definition":"The amount of debt a company has compared to its sales in an accounting period.","related":["ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TURNOVER","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) TO SALES RATIO","NET ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE FINANCING","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","FACTORING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE INSURANCE","PLEDGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE FIXED ASSETS","definition":"The mathematical relationship between the assets of this and the previous year.","related":["AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS","NET FIXED ASSETS","FIXED ASSETS","NON-FIXED ASSETS","FIXED ASSETS (NET) TO NET WORTH RATIO","RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS","AVERAGE CURRENT ASSETS","DEPRECIATION TO FIXED ASSETS RATIO","AVERAGE FIXED COST","AVERAGE NET RECEIVABLES"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE PROPENSITY TO SAVE","definition":"The amount after tax that is not spent on consumer goods. This varies depending on the income level.","related":["AVERAGE PROPENSITY TO CONSUME","MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO SAVE","MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME","RISK PROPENSITY","SAVE","TO ASSUME AND PAY AND SAVE HARMLESS","MOVING AVERAGE PRICE (MAP)","WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF INVENTORY","AVERAGE EARNINGS CLAUSE","AVERAGE COST (AVCO) METHOD"]}
{"title":"AVIATION INSURANCE","definition":"Insurance for an aircraft. It covers dange, injury, and loss.","related":["AVIATION-TRIP LIFE INSURANCE","AVIATION ACCIDENT INSURANCE","AVIATION EXCLUSION","AVIATION HAZARD","FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)","FIRE INSURANCE POLICY","COLLISION INSURANCE","FIRST LOSS INSURANCE","CONSIGNMENT INSURANCE","COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE (CGL)"]}
{"title":"ADDICTION","definition":"Becoming over dependant on a drug or habit. Stopping use causes withdrawl symptoms. Its a chronic disease that requires life long care. Any excessive craving.","related":["BLACKBERRY ADDICTION","CHRONIC EFFECT","SIMULATIO LATENS","ADDICT","SYNDROME","ALCOHOLISM","BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS","DISEASE","COHORT STUDY","DIAGNOSIS"]}
{"title":"ADDITUR","definition":"When value is added to a court settlement to prevent a plantiff from appealing based on inadequate damages. The defendant must consent. The court has the power to do this.","related":["ADDED DAMAGES","MITIGATION OF DAMAGES","QUASI IN REM","EMERGENCY DOCTRINE","AGGRAVATED DAMAGES","INADEQUATE DAMAGES","DAMAGES AND COSTS","COMPENSATION","DAMAGES ULTRA","AFFIDAVIT OF GOOD FAITH"]}
{"title":"ADEQUATE SAMPLE","definition":"A sample size that is big enough to create a true result on a survey.","related":["MINIMUM RECOMMENDED SAMPLE SIZE","RANDOM SAMPLE","BUYING BY SAMPLE","SAMPLE SURVEY","SAMPLE","STATISTICAL SAMPLE","ADEQUATE CAUSE","ADEQUATE","ADEQUATE PROTECTION","ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTED BASIS","definition":"The base price used to determine capital gains or losses on an investment, generally including a deduction for commissions at the time of purchase or sale, along with adjustments for any STOCK SPLITS that may have occurred.","related":["ADJUSTED BASIS VALUE","BASIS","ADJUSTED BREAKEVEN","FORMULA BASIS","RISK-ADJUSTED RETURN","PRINCIPAL BASIS","ADJUSTED PREMIUM","NEGATIVE BASIS","POSITIVE BASIS","RISK-ADJUSTED CAPITAL RATIO"]}
{"title":"ADJUSTMENT POLICIES","definition":"When the government helps reduce or get rid of debt owed.","related":["POLICIES AND PROCEDURES","ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE","LIMITED POLICIES","ACCOUNTING POLICIES","BLOCK OF POLICIES","MATURE POLICIES","MULTI PERIL POLICIES","POLICIES OF INSURANCE, COURT","COURT OF POLICIES OF ASSURANCE","TAX ADJUSTMENT"]}
{"title":"ADMINISTRATIVE LAG","definition":"The time it takes for an organization to recognize the problem and than solve it.","related":["ADMINISTRATIVE HIERARCHY","ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET","ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION","ADMINISTRATIVE COST","ADMINISTRATIVE RECEIVER","ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING","ADMINISTRATIVE LAW","ADMINISTRATIVE VALUE","ADMINISTRATIVE","ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER"]}
{"title":"ADMITTED INSURER","definition":"An INSURER that is authorized to write INSURANCE business in a particular state or jurisdiction; the contracts it offers are classified as ADMITTED INSURANCE. Also know as AUTHORIZED INSURER, LICENSED CARRIER. See also NONADMITTED INSURER. ADR See AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPT. ADS See AMERICAN DEPOSITORY SHARE. ADVANCE See LOAN.","related":["ADMITTED INSURANCE","NON-ADMITTED INSURER","ALIEN INSURER","ADMITTED COMPANY","NON-ADMITTED INSURANCE","FRONTING INSURER","INSURER","NONADMITTED INSURER","BUREAU INSURER","REHABILITATION OF INSURER"]}
{"title":"ADVANCE PURCHASE FARE","definition":"A guarantee that a ticket will be issued days prior to travel. Refer to APEX fare.","related":["Patent Law","Evidence 2","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence","Criminal Procedure","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Labor Law"]}
{"title":"AGENCY PROBLEM","definition":"When an abuse of power is used to benefit the agent not the company.","related":["AGENCY RISK","SALES AGENCY","AGENCY","AGENCY BY RATIFICATION","AGENCY COST","AGENCY BY APPOINTMENT","AGENCY IN FACT","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL","APPARENT AGENCY"]}
{"title":"AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE","definition":"A condition that makes the accused more liable. The more severe punishment is given to cases with brutality. Refer to mitigating circumstance.","related":["MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCE","INCRIMINATING CIRCUMSTANCE","EXONERATE","ACQUIT","UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS","MITIGATE","MERCY","PLEA OF NOLO CONTENDERE","HABITUAL CRIMINAL STATUTE","CONDITIONS CONCURRENT"]}
{"title":"AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND","definition":"A mutual fund whose goal is to grow through investing in small but growing companies.","related":["GROWTH MUTUAL FUND","GROWTH AND INCOME FUND","GROWTH FUND","AGGRESSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY","SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS MUTUAL FUND","CLONE FUND","MONEY MARKET FUND","TECHNOLOGY FUND","ASSET ALLOCATION FUND","STOCK FUND"]}
{"title":"ASSET SALE","definition":"Selling receivables or loans to another party. It increases cash flow and reduced debt. The buyer doesn’t have control with their purchase. It is not a true asset sale for this reason.","related":["GAIN OR LOSS ON SALE OF LONG-TERM ASSET","AVAILABLE ASSET","ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","NET REALIZABLE VALUE OF ASSET","DELIVERABLE ASSET","FIRE SALE","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","FICTITIOUS ASSET","SOFT ASSET","DISTRESSED ASSET"]}
{"title":"ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","definition":"A BINARYBARRIER OPTION that grants the buyer a payoff equal to a fixed ASSET value if the price of the UNDERLYING market reference exceeds the STRIKE PRICE at expiry. See also BINARY OPTION, CASHORNOTHING OPTION.ASSET STRIPPING The process of selling corporate ASSETS acquired in a TAKEOVER or ACQUISITION. Such disposals may occur when the value of selling assets and using the proceeds to repay DEBT or invest in alternative ventures is estimated to be greater than the value of preserving them on the balance sheet. See also BREAKUP VALUE, LIQUIDATION VALUE.ASSET SWAP An OVERTHECOUNTER INTEREST RATE SWAP that exchanges BOND COUPONS from fixed rates into floating, or vice versa, creating a synthetic investment that meets an investor","related":["ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","BASKET OPTION","ASSET VALUATION","AT-HIT OPTION","AT-EXPIRY OPTION","DELIVERABLE ASSET","WASTING ASSET","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","ASSET SWAPPED CONVERTIBLE OPTION TRANSACTION (ASCOT)","EXTENDIBLE OPTION"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE","definition":"A document that transfers obligation of a loan to another party.","related":["ASSIGNMENT","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT TO CREDITORS","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT FOR BENEFIT OF CREDITORS","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT OF RECEIVABLES","ASSIGNMENT OF RENTS","ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS","ASSIGNMENT OF COPYRIGHT","ASSIGNMENT OF PROCEEDS"]}
{"title":"ASSOCIATE IN RESEARCH AND PLANNING (ARP)","definition":"The certificate given by the IIA to professionals who have taken six tests. It tests research, planning, decision support, and market feasibility analysis.","related":["ASSOCIATE IN MANAGEMENT (AIM)","MARKET RESEARCH","QUALITATIVE MARKET RESEARCH","MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRP-II)","CONSUMER RESEARCH","ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)","CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RESEARCH","PLANNING ESTIMATE","PLANNING HORIZON","LIFE-CYCLE PLANNING"]}
{"title":"ASTEROID EVENT","definition":"An unexpected event that deeply affects a business. The business is not ready for this.","related":["EVENT","COMMERCE EVENT","RISK EVENT","EVENT MARKETING","UNFORESEEN EVENT","CONDITIONAL EVENT","EVENT RISK","QUALIFYING EVENT","COSTS TO ABIDE EVENT","EVENT MAP"]}
{"title":"AT RISK RULE","definition":"A tax law that limits deductions for losses in limited partnerships. Only the debt lost by the investor or teh amount invested can be claimed.","related":["TRANSFER OF RISK RULE","PRUDENT MAN RULE","RULE OF 72","RATE OF RETURN RULE","PROPERTY PER RISK EXCESS OF LOSS","LOSS DISALLOWANCE RULE (LDR)","AMOUNT AT RISK","RISK ASSUMPTION","MASTER SERVANT RULE","SHELLEY’S CASE, RULE IN"]}
{"title":"ATOMIC DATA","definition":"The smallest detail that data can be reduced to.","related":["DATA ELEMENT","DATA FIELD","MUTUAL ATOMIC ENERGY REINSURANCE POOL","DATA MANAGEMENT","DATA LOGGING","PRIMARY DATA","DATA SCREENING","DATA PROCESSING","DATA ENTRY","QUANTITATIVE DATA"]}
{"title":"ATTITUDE","definition":"The choice to be positive or negative about a certain idea. It affects a persons action, responses, and rewards.","related":["ATTITUDE SURVEY","ENABLING CAPABILITY","ENABLERS","EMPLOYEE MORALE","DELECTUS PERSON","GAMMA HEDGE","PREVENTIVE DISCIPLINE","COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION (R)","RISK EVENT","ABSOLUTE ERROR"]}
{"title":"ATTRITION","definition":"1. when work force goes down due to natural, uncontrollable, and unpredictable elements. 2. losing resouces when they become obsolete or spoil.","related":["MARKET ATTRITION","ARTIFICIAL FORCE","ACTIVITY","OF FORCE","ACT OF GOD","EXTORT","PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT","NATURAL WORK TEAM","BIODIESEL","WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT"]}
{"title":"AUDIT RESOLUTION","definition":"The strategy used to reduce weakness that is discovered in the auditing process.","related":["AUDIT STRATEGY","AUDIT","AUDIT PROGRAM","ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)","OPERATIONS AUDIT","RESOLUTION","ENERGY AUDIT","CONSENT RESOLUTION","CONFLICT RESOLUTION","ORDINARY RESOLUTION"]}
{"title":"AUFSICHTSRAT","definition":"The SUPERVISORY BOARD of a German CORPORATION. See also VORSTAND.","related":["DUAL BOARD SYSTEM","VORSTAND","CONSEIL DU SURVEILLANCE","SINGLE BOARD SYSTEM","PROHIBITION","FACULTY OF A COLLEGE","BOARD","SUPERVISORY BOARD","BOARD OF DIRECTORS","ZOLL-VEREIN"]}
{"title":"AUTHORING TOOL","definition":"A computer program that lets a user make their own web media and the tools needed to use it.","related":["WEB AUTHORING TOOL","AUTHORING","QUALITY TOOL","MACHINE TOOL","TOOL","FUNCTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE","COMMON OBJECT REQUEST BROKER ARCHITECTURE (CORBA)","LOG FILE","FORMATTING","MICROSOFT WINDOWS"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZED USER","definition":"A party allowed to manage an account. This can be for any type of account. They are not required all the time to repay debt incurred.","related":["END USER","AUTHORIZED PERSON","AUTHORIZED SETTLEMENT AGENT","SHARES AUTHORIZED","AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY","AUTHORIZED BANK","AUTHORIZED CAPITAL","AUTHORIZED PRICE LIST","AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR (AEO)","USER"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATED RESERVATION SYSTEM","definition":"AKA for computerized reservatin system or CRS.","related":["RESERVATION","MENTAL RESERVATION","GUARANTEED RESERVATION","GIFT WITH RESERVATION","CONFIRMED RESERVATION","INDIAN RESERVATION","GLOBAL RESERVATION SYSTEM","AUTOMATED ATTENDANT","ELECTRONIC RESERVATION SERVICE PROVIDER","AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)"]}
{"title":"AUTOMATIC NON-PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","definition":"Automatic REINSURANCE coverage for an INSURER that becomes effective once a defined loss limit is exceeded, often implemented through a STOP LOSS AGREEMENT or a CATASTROPHE PER OCCURRENCE EXCESS OF LOSS contract. See also AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE.AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE Automatic REINSURANCE coverage for an INSURER that becomes effective oncea defined loss limit is exceeded, generally implemented through asharing agreement such as a SURPLUS SHARE or QUOTA SHARE. See also AUTOMATIC NONPROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE.","related":["AUTOMATIC PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC NON PROPORTIONAL REINSURANCE","AUTOMATIC REINSURANCE","TREATY REINSURANCE","PROPORTIONAL AGREEMENT","SURPLUS REINSURANCE","EXCESS PER RISK REINSURANCE","AGGREGATE EXCESS OF LOSS REINSURANCE","FINITE REINSURANCE","EXCESS OF LOSS (XOL) AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"AUTOMOBILE PHYSICAL DAMAGE INSURANCE","definition":"When a vehicle is covered from damage by many possible sources.","related":["PHYSICAL DAMAGE","AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE","AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE","WAVE DAMAGE INSURANCE","AUTOMOBILE ASSIGNED RISK INSURANCE PLAN","PROPERTY DAMAGE LIABILITY INSURANCE","FAMILY AUTOMOBILE POLICY","WATER DAMAGE LEGAL LIABILITY INSURANCE","GAIN ON SALE OF AUTOMOBILE","AUTOMOBILE"]}
{"title":"AVAILABILITY BIAS","definition":"When decision makers choose based on a personal experience rather than facts. The reaction is emotional.","related":["AVAILABILITY","LAST ROOM AVAILABILITY (LRA)","RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY (RAM)","AVAILABILITY UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","PRICE AND AVAILABILITY (P\u0026A) STUDY","PRICE AND AVAILABILITY (P\u0026A) DATA","BIAS","CONFIRMATION BIAS","ANCHORING BIAS","PERSONAL BIAS"]}
{"title":"AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN","definition":"How well a mutual fund performs. The dividends, gains, and value changes over the year.","related":["EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS","TOTAL RETURN","ANNUAL RETURN","AVERAGE ACCOUNTING RETURN","AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD","TOTAL RETURN SWAP","TOTAL RETURN INDEX","AVERAGE TOTAL COSTS (ATC)","RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS"]}
{"title":"ARM’S LENGTH PRICE","definition":"A transaction when a seller and buyer have no personal interst in the matter agree to a price with no pressure placed on them.","related":["TAKES PRICE","STRIKE PRICE","REASONABLE PRICE","FIXED PRICE CONTRACT WITH ECONOMIC PRICE ADJUSTMENT","PRICE PROTECTION","DELIVERED PRICE","ASKED PRICE","AT ARM’S LENGTH","FIXED PRICE CONTRACT WITH PRICE ESCALATION","PRODUCER PRICE INDEX (PPI)"]}
{"title":"ARTICLES OF EXTRAORDINARY VALUE (AEV)","definition":"A term for very valuable cargo that must be transported.","related":["MEMORANDUM ARTICLES","EXTRAORDINARY MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL","EXTRAORDINARY","EXTRAORDINARY REMEDY","EXTRAORDINARY WRIT","EXTRAORDINARY RESOLUTION","EXTRAORDINARY REPAIRS","EXTRAORDINARY REPAIR","EXTRAORDINARY GAIN","EXTRAORDINARY DILIGENCE"]}
{"title":"ASCENDING ORDER","definition":"The way data is sorted from the smallest to largest value.","related":["ASCENDING TOP","ASCENDING TRIANGLE","ASCENDING TREND CHANNEL","MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","LIMIT ORDER INFORMATION SYSTEM","ORDER","DAY ORDER","AT BEST ORDER","ALL-OR-NONE ORDER","GAG ORDER"]}
{"title":"ASIANDOLLAR","definition":"When US funds are in Asian and Pacific Basin countries. Its comperable to the eurodollar.","related":["PACIFIC RIM","ASIAN FUNDS","EMERGING ECONOMIES","ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS","DRAGON","CYCLONE","LA NI","GLOBAL","TREASURYEURODOLLAR (TED) SPREAD","CONSTANT-COST INDUSTRY"]}
{"title":"ASSESSABLE SECURITY","definition":"A security that is payable on a further call. The UK calls this a partly paid security.","related":["NON-ASSESSABLE","ASSESSABLE INSURANCE","SECURITY COLLATERAL","COLLATERAL SECURITY","SOCIAL SECURITY TAX","SOCIAL SECURITY RIDER","BEARER SECURITY","BOOK ENTRY SECURITY","REGISTERED SECURITY","DEFINITIVE SECURITY"]}
{"title":"AGENT AD LITEM","definition":"When one party represents another in court when they cannot be there.","related":["GUARDIAN AD LITEM","AD LITEM","IN LITEM","CURATOR AD LITEM","CAPTIVE AGENT","OATH IN LITEM","LITEM DENUNCIARE","POST LITEM MOTAM","LITEM SUAM FACERE","ANTE LITEM MOTAM"]}
{"title":"AGGREGATE LIMITS","definition":"The most medical and liability insurance can cover no matter how much is needed.","related":["AGGREGATE LIABILITY","LIABILITY LIMITS","AGGREGATE PRODUCT LIABILITY LIMIT","BASIC LIMITS OF LIABILITY","BLOCK LIMITS","Per-Occurrence Limits","Per Person Limits","LIMITS","AGGREGATE MORTALITY TABLE","GENERAL AGGREGATE LIMIT"]}
{"title":"AGING DEGRADATION","definition":"How the passage of time changes something.","related":["DEGRADATION","ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION","DEGRADATION FACTOR","LAND DEGRADATION","AGING","AGING OF ACCOUNTS","AGING SCHEDULE","AGING RECEIVABLES","ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AGING","ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AGING"]}
{"title":"AIM","definition":"1. an attempt to reach a goal. 2.a goal","related":["BEST CURRENT PRACTICE","ACTIVE MEASURE","SIMULATED SALE","MASS MARKETING","SAVINGS PLAN","CONSENSUS","SUCCESS","RIO TRADE","COLLECTIVE ACTION","ASSAULT"]}
{"title":"AIR TAXI","definition":"A small aircraft with 20 or less passengers that flies for 250 miles to get the occupants to their commercial flights.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Payment Systems","Comparative Constitutional Law","Patent Law","Evidence 2","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","First Amendment","Nonprofit Corporate Law"]}
{"title":"AIRTIME","definition":"1. the time and date an ad is to be shown. 2.the time slot that the company is billed for. 3. the time a cell phone call takes that is used to bill the customer.","related":["BILLING TELEPHONE NUMBER (BTN)","PROSPECT","FIRST CALL DATE","CENTREX","CALL BARRING","PREEMPT SPOT","DIGITAL ENHANCED CORDLESS TELECOMMUNICATION (DECT)","PHOTOVOLTIC CELL","DEMAND LOAN","BILL PAY"]}
{"title":"ALIQUOT PART RULE","definition":"In a trust a person can get the property if they plan to own a part of it at least.","related":["ALIQUOT","ALIQUOT LIABILITY","NONDISCRIMINATION RULE","FIVE YEAR RULE","BEFORE-AND-AFTER RULE","NEIGHBOR RULE","CONSENT RULE","FICTITIOUS PAYEE RULE","RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES","RULE OF PROPERTY"]}
{"title":"ALL TIME ORDER","definition":"An order for a good thats in its last stage and is going to be discontinued. The order must be big enough to satisfy demand.AKA life of type order.","related":["MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","ORDER-DRIVEN MARKET","COMBINATION ORDER","MARKET ON CLOSE ORDER","MARKET ON OPEN ORDER","MARKET NOT HELD ORDER","LIMIT ORDER","GOOD TILL CANCELLED ORDER","MAIL ORDER COMPANY","AT THE CLOSE ORDER"]}
{"title":"ALLODIAL SYSTEM","definition":"A system that monitors real estate in the US. The only limitations are set by the government, police, and taxes.","related":["ALLODIAL","ASSESSED VALUE","REAL ESTATE AGENT","TAX-EXEMPT PROPERTY","CAPITAL CONTROL","FEDERAL TAX LIEN","REQUISITIONED PROPERTY","PUBLIC EQUITY","EFFECTS","CHATTEL"]}
{"title":"ALPHABETICAL ORDER","definition":"An alphabetical indexing method. It is seen in dictionaries and encyclopedias.","related":["MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","MAIL ORDER","PAY TO ORDER","OUT OF ORDER","ORDER","LAW AND ORDER","DAY ORDER","AT BEST ORDER","ALL-OR-NONE ORDER","GAG ORDER"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE DOCUMENTATION","definition":"An income verification document like a W2 rather than tax forms.","related":["LOW DOCUMENTATION LOAN","ALTERNATIVE RELIEF","SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION","ALTERNATIVE","ALTERNATIVE MEDIA","ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT","ALTERNATIVE STAFFING","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATION","ALTERNATIVE ROUTING"]}
{"title":"AMAZON","definition":"An online shopping site that is very popular. It has books, electronics, music, furniture, and clothes. The user can buy an item from another user like ebay. It was started in 1995 by Jeff Bezos from Seattle Washington.","related":["ONLINE SHOPPING","FORBES","WASHINGTON MUTUAL","COLD SITE","BOOK","BARINGS BANK","ACCOMPANIED SHOPPING","ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)","SPECIALTY GOOD","CYBER MONDAY"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX","definition":"A new way to evaluate satisfaction in american households. The goods and services are financial, insuance, durables manufactured, nondurable manufactured, public administration, government, retail, services, communications, transportation, and utilites.","related":["FORRESTER RESEARCH CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE INDEX (CXPI)","LIFETIME VALUE OF A CUSTOMER","BUYING POWER INDEX (BPI)","SATISFACTION","CERTIFICATE OF SATISFACTION","NEED SATISFACTION APPROACH","PERSONAL SERVICE AT CUSTOMER’S SITE","EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND FAR EAST INDEX (EAFE INDEX)","NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (NAICS)","BUY AMERICAN ACT"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN SERVICE","definition":"The way a hotel or restaurant serves its customers. Portions of food are plated in the kitchen by employees and served individually by a member of serving staff. Refer to english service and french service.","related":["FRENCH SERVICE","ENGLISH SERVICE","RUSSIAN SERVICE","FULL SERVICE HOTEL","AMERICAN BREAKFAST","SUBSTITUTED SERVICE","AMERICAN PLAN","COMPONENTS OF SERVICE EXPERIENCE","ROOM SERVICE","AMERICAN EXPRESS"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZATION TABLE","definition":"A chart of amortization payment on a big loan on a fixed period in installments. Each payment takes off principal and interest. It shows both interest and principal paid to date.","related":["LEVEL PAYMENT AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LIMIT","NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION","AMORTIZATION CALCULATOR","MORTGAGE AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","NOTE AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE","AMORTIZATION OF PREMIUM","MORTGAGE AMORTIZATION OF","LEVEL PAYMENT MORTGAGE"]}
{"title":"ARCHIVAL FONDS","definition":"A collection of records from the same creator. It is archived with all the other company records.","related":["ARCHIVAL INTEGRITY","ARCHIVAL BOND","ARCHIVAL COLLECTION","ARCHIVAL","BAILLETJR DE FONDS","FONDS PERDUS","FONDS ET BIENS","ARCHIVAL VALUE","ARCHIVAL RECORD","ARTIFICIAL COLLECTION"]}
{"title":"ARMA MODEL","definition":"Refer to autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model.","related":["AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA) MODEL","ARIMA MODEL","STRUCTURAL MODEL","AGGREGATOR MODEL","AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) MODEL","CREDIT DEFAULT MODEL","RELATIONSHIP MODEL","AS IS MODEL","ARMA REVERSATA","ARMA MOLUTA"]}
{"title":"ARTICLE XII COMPANY","definition":"A company that does international banking. It is chartered under article XII in New York bank laws. They do not own equity and cannot accept deposits in New York.","related":["ARTICLE","EUROPEAN ARTICLE NUMBERING (EAN) CODE","COMMERCIAL FINANCE COMPANY","UNLIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY","EXPORT MANAGEMENT COMPANY","EDGE ACT BANK","FINANCIAL HOLDING COMPANY","FOREIGN SUBSIDIARY COMPANY","FINANCE COMPANY","BUBBLE COMPANY"]}
{"title":"ASBESTOS","definition":"A fiber that gets hard with age and pollutes the environment with its fine particles. It causes illness and cancer. It is in ceiling tiles, insulation, patching compounds, shingles, paint, flooring, and appliances. Refer to asbestos abatement.","related":["ASBESTOS ABATEMENT","SICK BUILDING SYNDROME","MESOTHELIOMA","LEAD (PB)","NITRATE POLLUTION","FRIABLE","CARCINOGEN","ASBESTOSIS","CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON (CHC)","ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE"]}
{"title":"ASIAN OPTION","definition":"A COMPLEX OPTION that grants the buyer a payoff based on the geometric or arithmetic MEAN price of the UNDERLYING reference over a predetermined averaging period (i.e., ASIAN TAIL). The payoff can be determined by applying the average path to the price of the underlying (AVERAGE PRICE OPTION) or the STRIKE PRICE (AVERAGE STRIKE OPTION). Also known as AVERAGE OPTION.","related":["AVERAGE PRICE OPTION","CASH-AT-HIT OPTION","CASH-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","AT-HIT OPTION","BINARY-BARRIER OPTION","DEFAULT OPTION","AT-EXPIRY OPTION","HIGH-LOW OPTION","EUROPEAN OPTION"]}
{"title":"ASSEMBLY LINE","definition":"A tool used by Henry Ford to make cars. Each worker has one task to do that is repeated. The next worker takes on the next task. etc…. This is done until the finished product is at the end of the line. The workers can be human and non human. It is effic","related":["CATCH LINE","FULL LINE PRICING","LINE PRODUCTION","ADVISED LINE","LINE","LINE ART","GUIDANCE LINE","FULL LINE FORCING","DEDICATED LINE","LINE GRAPH"]}
{"title":"ASSET DEMAND","definition":"The assets held as cash whose value will go down if interest goes up an vice versa.","related":["ASSET-OR-NOTHING OPTION","ASSET CONVERSION LOAN","FIXED ASSET MANAGEMENT","ASSET","ASSET-AT-EXPIRY OPTION","TANGIBLE ASSET","NON ASSET","REAL ASSET","SELF-BALANCING SELF-CONSTRUCTED ASSET","AVAILABLE ASSET"]}
{"title":"AMORTIZING MORTGAGE","definition":"A loan that will pay itself off by the end of its terms due to the principal and interest monthly payments.","related":["SELF-AMORTIZING MORTGAGE","FULLY AMORTIZING LOAN","AMORTIZING SWAP","GROWING EQUITY MORTGAGE (GEM)","LEVEL PAYMENT MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE MODIFICATION","PRICE LEVEL ADJUSTED MORTGAGE (PLAM)","MORTGAGE PAYMENT","REPAYMENT MORTGAGE","MORTGAGE NOTE"]}
{"title":"ANALOGICAL REASONING","definition":"The way to decide from issue to issue based on personal experience with similar circumstances. It is a common way to reason through issues.","related":["CASE BASED REASONING","PROBABLE REASONING","ABDUCTIVE REASONING","DEDUCTIVE REASONING","PRACTICAL REASONING","SIMILITER","CONSTRUCTION, COURT OF","AVAILABILITY BIAS","TRIAL","GENERAL ENVIRONMENT"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY TENANTS","definition":"A tenant of a mall that comes in after the anchor. It has less space and pays higher rent.","related":["Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Property Law","Comparative Constitutional Law","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)","Labor Law","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL EARNINGS CHANGE","definition":"The earning change a company experiences from one year to the next one. This is due to market fluctuations or a readjustment of last years earnings.","related":["ANNUAL SALES CHANGE","ANNUAL EARNINGS","GROSS EARNINGS AND NET EARNINGS","CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE","BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)","QUALITY OF EARNINGS","NORMALIZED EARNINGS","AVERAGE EARNINGS CLAUSE","RETAINED EARNINGS","CAPITALIZATION OF EARNINGS"]}
{"title":"ANNUAL TURNOVER","definition":"The remaining value of an investment to carrry into the next year.","related":["PORTFOLIO TURNOVER","ANNUAL","CAPITAL TURNOVER","CASH TURNOVER","TURNOVER","ANNUAL VALUE","EFFECTIVE ANNUAL RETURN","ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE (APR)","ANNUAL PERCENTAGE YIELD (APY)","ANNUAL INCOME"]}
{"title":"ANNUITY IN ADVANCE","definition":"AKA annuity due, the payments made at the start of a period such as rent. Refer to annuity in arrears.","related":["ANNUITY","ANNUITY CONTRACT","ANNUITY IN ARREARS","ANNUITY CERTAIN","ANNUITY DEATH BENEFIT","LIFE INCOME WITH PERIOD CERTAIN ANNUITY","REFUND ANNUITY","TAX DEFERRED ANNUITY","FIXED ANNUITY","PERPETUAL ANNUITY"]}
{"title":"ANTICIPATORY CREDIT","definition":"A letter of credit where the beneficiary can borrow against it before fulfilling the contract.","related":["DIRECT PAY LETTER OF CREDIT","ANTICIPATORY BREACH OF CONTRACT","ANTICIPATORY BREACH","ANTICIPATORY AVOIDANCE","STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT","ASSIGNMENT UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","EXECUTORY LETTER OF CREDIT","EXPLODING LETTER OF CREDIT","DOCUMENTARY CREDIT","ANTICIPATORY HEDGE"]}
{"title":"ANTON PILLER ORDER","definition":"When the plaintiff must allow a defendant on their property, view evidence, and answer questions of the court. It is for copyright issues mostly. It’s goal is to prevent evidence from being destroyed. It’s not a search warrant but it must be followed. Its","related":["FORECLOSURE ORDER","TXIRNOVER ORDER","ORDER OF INTERPLEADER","MAIL ORDER/TELEPHONE ORDER (MOTO) DISCOUNT RATE","STOP ORDER","PROTECTION ORDER","SHOW CAUSE ORDER","REMOVAL, ORDER OF","ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE","ORDER OF DISCHARGE"]}
{"title":"APPARENT AGENCY","definition":"Conduct by an AGENT that causes another party to believe the agent is authorized to conduct business on behalf of a PRINCIPAL, whether or not that is the case. A principal may be legally bound by apparent agency. See also ACTUAL AUTHORITY, EXPRESS AUTHORITY.APPORTIONMENT The practice of dividing an INSURED","related":["AGENCY","APPARENT AUTHORITY","AGENCY IN FACT","APPARENT\nMATURITY","AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW","APPARENT DANGER","AGENCY COST","REASONABLE CARE TO CHECK APPARENT AUTHENTICITY","AGENCY BY ESTOPPEL","AGENCY RISK"]}
{"title":"AGAINST THE EVIDENCE","definition":"contrary to the evidence given. The verdict will not be supported by any evidence given.","related":["AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE","PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE","CONTRARY TO EVIDENCE","INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE","LEGALLY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE","EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE VERDICT","CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE","ORIGINAL EVIDENCE","PRESUMPTIVE EVIDENCE","CAS-JAL EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"AGE OF NURTURE","definition":"This applies to any child who is under 7 years of age.","related":["NURTURE","PUISSANCE PATERNELLE","BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK","QUALIFYING CHILD","BATTERED CHILD","DELINQUENT CHILD","NATURAL CHILD","BORN ALIVE","GIFTED","ROBBER"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE WARRANTY","definition":"The guarantee in a sale that has no attached conditions. It is a total and permanent warranty.","related":["OBLIGATION ABSOLUTE","EXTENDED WARRANTY","WARRANTY PAYABLE","P WARRANTY","EXPRESS WARRANTY","LIMITED WARRANTY","WARRANTY\nN WARRANTOR","WARRANTY POLICY","WARRANTY SPECIAL","WARRANTY EXPENSE"]}
{"title":"ARMED FORCE","definition":"a posse or a group of civilians that are armed and authorised by an official officer of the peace in the community to aid in capturing criminals and to prevent crime.","related":["ARMED","RIDING ARMED","ARMED ROBBERY","CONSTRUCTIVE FORCE","TASK FORCE","FORCE","OF FORCE","REDUCTION IN FORCE (RIF)","REGULATORY FORCE","IRRESISTIBLE FORCE"]}
{"title":"AUTOPSY TESTAMENTARY AUTHORIZATION OF","definition":"a statement in a will that authorises the performance of a post mortem examination.","related":["CONSENT FOR AUTOPSY","AUTOPSY","PHYSICAL EXAM AND AUTOPSY","AUTHORIZATION","AUTHORIZATION CODE","LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION","PRECERTIFICATION AUTHORIZATION","PRIOR AUTHORIZATION","WORK AUTHORIZATION","PRE-ADMISSION AUTHORIZATION"]}
{"title":"ACT OF PROVIDENCE","definition":"Any accident that is beyond the scope of being prevented by people. See act of God.","related":["FRAME OF REFERENCE","UNAVOIDABLE ACCIDENT","BILL FOR A NEW TRIAL","LIMITED AUDIT","ATTEMPT","FRAME","GROUP FACILITATION","COMMON ACCIDENT","SIMULTANEOUS DEATH ACT","LEAVING SCENE OF ACCIDENT"]}
{"title":"ATTEMPTED ASSAULT","definition":"the term used when an attempt to cause harm to a person has been carried out.","related":["ATTEMPTED ROBBERY","ATTEMPTED CRIME","ATTEMPTED MURDER","ASSAULT","AGGRAVATED ASSAULT","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE","FELONIOUS ASSAULT","SIMPLE ASSAULT","ATROCIOUS ASSAULT"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENTAL CAUSE","definition":"A cause that is unforeseen and is unable to avoid even after exercising all extreme care and diligence.","related":["HOMICIDE ACCIDENTAL","ACCIDENTAL MEANS","ACCIDENTAL DEATH","ACCIDENTAL KILLING","ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","ACCIDENTAL DEATH CLAUSE","ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE","EXTERNAL VIOLENT AND ACCIDENTAL MEANS","PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF CARE","CARE"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENTAL DEATH","definition":"Any death that is due to an accident and not from any natural causes. It is an unexpected and not anticipated death.","related":["ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE","ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","ACCIDENTAL DEATH CLAUSE","EXTERNAL VIOLENT AND ACCIDENTAL MEANS","VIOLENT DEATH","NATURAL DEATH","DEATH","ACCIDENTAL MEANS","HOMICIDE ACCIDENTAL","ACCIDENTAL KILLING"]}
{"title":"ABUSIVE LANGUAGE","definition":"Any hurtful language that can cause mental anguish and can be the grounds for a divorce.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Family Law","Criminal Procedure","Civil Law Torts","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Evidence 2","Patent Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ANSWER OVER","definition":"This when you plead again after the defects in your presentation have been pointed out to you by the opposite party. Id is also known as pleading over or respondeat ouster.","related":["ANSWER","NO CASE TO ANSWER","VOLUNTARY ANSWER","NONRESPONSIVE ANSWER","SUPPLEMENTAL ANSWER","UNRESPONSIVE ANSWER","EVASIVE ANSWER","COMMISSION TO TAKE ANSWER IN CHAN- T EERY","RESPONDEAT OUSTER","ET HOC PARATUS EST VERIFI- CARE"]}
{"title":"ASSESSMENT PERIOD","definition":"This term describes the taxable period.","related":["ASSESSMENT DISTRICT","ASSESSMENT ROLL IN TAXATION","CLEANUP PERIOD","ASSESSMENT","CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT","REDEMPTION PERIOD","CLOSE PERIOD","ELIMINATION PERIOD","ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA)","LOCK-IN PERIOD"]}
{"title":"ATTORNEY OF RECORD","definition":"This term describes the lawyer who is designated to represent the client in a legal matter.","related":["ATTORNEY\nOF RECORD","ATTORNEY (ATTORNEY AT LAW)","ATTORNEY-IN-FACT","SUBSTITUTION OF ATTORNEY","HEALTH CARE POWER OF ATTORNEY","PARTY OF RECORD","ATTORNEY GENERAL","APPEARANCE BY ATTORNEY","RECORD RETENTION SCHEDULE","FULL AND ACCURATE RECORD"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNT","definition":"the transfer of money by the debtor to the assignee when money becomes available to do so.","related":["ASSIGNMENT","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","DEBT ASSIGNMENT","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT WITH\nPREFERENCES","ABSOLUTE ASSIGNMENT","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT TO CREDITORS","PREFERENTIAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT FOR BENEFIT OF CREDITORS","DEED OF ASSIGNMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCRUE","definition":"Able to increase, such as to gain interest that is then added to the original capital.","related":["Secured Transactions","Property Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Evidence 2","Property Law – 2","Patent Law","Criminal Procedure"]}
{"title":"ATTAINTED","definition":"where a person has received a sentence of attainder that results from a conviction of committing high treason.","related":["BILL OF ATTAINDER","OUTLAWRY","BILL OF PAINS AND PENALTIES","ALTA PRODITIO","ATTAINDER","CUMULATIVE PUNISHMENT","LiESA MAJESTAS","CRIMEN MAJESTATIS","VIOLATION","COURT OF THE STEWARD OF THE KING’S HOUSEHOLD"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE CHARGE","definition":"this is the charge to the jury that no matter what the evidence shows, the defendant cannot be convicted with the existing indictment. The charge will attempt to remove the issue from consideration by the jury.","related":["AFFIRMATIVE RELIEF","AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE","PLEA AFFIRMATIVE","GENERAL CHARGE","PROOF AFFIRMATIVE","CHARGE, V","SPECIAL CHARGE","CHARGE AND DISCHARGE","MILEAGE CHARGE","CRIMINAL CHARGE"]}
{"title":"ARTICULATED PLEADING","definition":"This applies to the setting forth of a complaint or the defense against a complaint in separate clauses or articles that each specify a particular issue in the  case.","related":["PLEADING ARTICULATED","CODE PLEADING","PLEADING","RESPONSIVE PLEADING","COUNT, V IN PLEADING","ALTERNATIVE PLEADING","PLEADING OVER","EQUITY PLEADING","JOINDER IN PLEADING","PLEADING SPECIAL"]}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGED CHILD","definition":"A child that is recognised by the parent as their own. In paternity proceedings, a man deny he is the father of a child.","related":["ACKNOWLEDGED INSTRUMENT","CHILD SUPPORT","POSTHUMOUS CHILD","NATURAL CHILD","CHILD","ENTICEMENT OF CHILD","BATTERED CHILD","ADOPTED CHILD","ABANDONMENT OF CHILD","CHILD CUSTODY"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATION OF FACT","definition":"the statement the confirms the details of the contract or the transaction and is not just an opinion being expressed.","related":["AFFIRMATION OF CONTRACT","AFFIRMATION","MISTAKE OF FACT","ALLEGATION OF FACT","ATTORNEY IN FACT","FACT","IN FACT","TRANSLATIVE FACT","ACCESSORY BEFORE THE FACT","PSYCHOLOGICAL FACT"]}
{"title":"AFFECTED WITH A PUBLIC INTEREST","definition":"Anything that is of concern to the community or general public.","related":["PUBLIC INTEREST","ACCOUNTANTS FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST (API)","PUBLIC","NOTICE PUBLIC","PUBLIC RELATIONS","PUBLIC-SERVICE CORPORATIONS","PUBLIC CHARITY","PUBLIC AFFAIR","PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT","PUBLIC FIGURE"]}
{"title":"AIR PIRACY","definition":"The act of forcibly taking over an aircraft. See hijacking.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Secured Transactions","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law","Constitutional Law","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"ATTACHMENT OF PROPERTY","definition":"when the court takes the property and will hold it during the course of the trial. The property is security should the case be decided against the defendant.","related":["ATTACHMENT","DEMAND IN ATTACHMENT","ANCILLARY\nATTACHMENT","WRIT OF ATTACHMENT","ATTACHMENT\nOF THE FOREST","ATTACHMENT OF PRIVILEGE","ATTACHMENT OF RISK","ATTACHMENT POINT","ATTACHMENT EXECUTION","SAVING PROPERTY DOCTRINE"]}
{"title":"AUTHORIZE","definition":"This enables a person to act; it gives the authority for a person to carry out an act.","related":["NEGOTIORUM GESTOR","MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY","ALIENI JURIS","ENABLING CLAUSE","PURSUE","ONLINE BANKING","TUTOR","PERMIT","OPERATOR","TRUST POWER"]}
{"title":"AMENDMENT AS OF COURSE","definition":"the change in a pleading, the written presentation of a case, that is made in such a manner as to make the court’s permission unnecessary.","related":["AMENDMENT BY COMPULSION","AMENDMENT OF PLEADING","AMENDMENT","TRIAL AMENDMENT","THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT","EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT","FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT","ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT","CRIMINAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT","PLEADING THE FIFTH AMENDMENT"]}
{"title":"ACQUISITION CHARGE","definition":"The penalty made for paying off a loan before the due date.","related":["DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS (DAC)","QUALIFIED ACQUISITION COST","ACQUISITION LOAN","ACQUISITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION (ADC) LOAN","CANCELLATION CHARGE","SERVICE CHARGE","ACQUISITION","ACQUISITION FEE","TAKE-AWAY ACQUISITION","PURCHASE ACQUISITION"]}
{"title":"AFFILIATION PROCEEDING","definition":"A bastardy proceding in order to determine the paternity of a child to determine if he needs to pay for its support. See paternity proceeding.","related":["PATERNITY PROCEEDING","AFFILIATION","FILIATION PROCEEDING","NEED FOR AFFILIATION","ANCILLARY PROCEEDING","HOSPITAL AFFILIATION","PROCEEDING SUPPLEMENTARY","SUMMARY PROCEEDING","INCIDENTAL PROCEEDING","SPECIAL PROCEEDING"]}
{"title":"ABATEMENT OF ACTION","definition":"Putting an end to a law suit. If the matter is to be further pursued  a new action or suit must be brought about.","related":["CROSS-ACTION","CAUSE OF ACTION","ACTION OR CIVIL ACTION","POSSESSORY ACTION","FALSE ACTION","JOINT ACTION","JOINT CAUSE OF ACTION","RIGHT OF ACTION","TEST ACTION","AMICABLE ACTION (SUIT)"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE DIVORCE","definition":"A divorce that is total and final where the husband and wife return to being single.","related":["LIMITED DIVORCE","DIVORCE A VINCULO MATRIMONII","ABSOLUTE DISCRETION","DIVORCE AGREEMENT","DIVORCE","ABSOLUTE","ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE","ABSOLUTE ESTATE","ABSOLUTE WARRANTY","DIVORCE A MENSA ET TLIORO"]}
{"title":"ATTEMPTED ROBBERY","definition":"the term used to describe the preparations and planning in an attempt to commit a robbery that failed.","related":["ATTEMPTED CRIME","ATTEMPTED ASSAULT","PAYMASTER ROBBERY INSURANCE","ROBBERY AND SAFE BURGLARY COVERAGE FORM","ROBBERY","ARMED ROBBERY","ATTEMPTED MURDER","BANK BURGLARY AND ROBBERY INSURANCE","OFFICE BURGLARY AND ROBBERY POLICY","PREMISES THEFT-OUTSIDE ROBBERY COVERAGE FORM"]}
{"title":"ALIAS SUMMONS","definition":"the second summons that has to be served because the original summons was defective or was improperly served.","related":["Torts (Selmi)","Case and Materials on Torts (Robertson, Powers, Anderson, Wellborn, 4th Ed.)","Civ Pro II (Glannon)","Civil Procedure with Flowcharts","Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Civil Procedure"]}
{"title":"AKA","definition":"This an abbreviation for also known as or the alias a person is known by.","related":["ALIAS DICTUS","OYEZ","UXORICIDE","H","ALIAS WRIT","TWICE IN JEOPARDY","S P","C B","M D","N"]}
{"title":"ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE","definition":"the term used to describe an attack carried with the intention of forcing sexual intercourse against the wishes of the victim.","related":["ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO ROB","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER","STATUTORY RAPE","ATROCIOUS ASSAULT","ASSAULT AND BATTERY","SEXUAL ASSAULT","RAPE SHIELD LAW","ATTEMPTED ASSAULT","FELONIOUS ASSAULT","SPECIFIC INTENT"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION","definition":"the organisation whose members are attorneys at law from the various states of the US.","related":["AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION (AEA)","AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (AMA)","AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS (AAII)","BAR ASSOCIATION","AMERICAN SPECIALTY BOARDS","MUTUAL ASSOCIATION","ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS)"]}
{"title":"ASPERSIONS","definition":"These are the damaging criticisms that imply that a person is not honourable.","related":["REPUTABLE","SILENCE ESTOPPEL BY","PASSIVE CONCEALMENT","DEFENSIVE ADVERTISING","PERVERSE INCENTIVE","CHRONIC HAZARD","EXPLOSION PROOF","DEDI","CONCESSI LAT","DEFILE"]}
{"title":"APPRECIATION IN VALUE","definition":"the increase in value of property and does not usually include the increased value from renovations or improvements.","related":["SHARED APPRECIATION MORTGAGE (SAM)","APPRECIATION","CAPITAL APPRECIATION","STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT","UNREALIZED APPRECIATION","CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND","LONG-TERM EQUITY APPRECIATION SECURITY (LEAPS)","LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS","ENERGY IMPROVEMENT MORTGAGE","CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT"]}
{"title":"ABETTOR","definition":"The person promoting or instigating the performing of a criminal act. See instigation.","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Evidence 2","New York Criminal Law","New York Criminal Law","Payment Systems","Criminal Procedure","Civil Law Torts","Secured Transactions"]}
{"title":"ASPHYXIATION","definition":"the term used to state that a person has died due to lack of oxygen or having too much carbon dioxide in their blood.","related":["ATMOSPHERE","CATALYTIC CONVERTER","GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP)","MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP)","CARBON EQUIVALENT UNIT","CARBON CYCLE","CARBON","CONFINED SPACE","NATURAL GAS","BIOGAS"]}
{"title":"ADJUNCTION","definition":"The act of including one matter in another matter or the accession or the addition of something.","related":["ACCESSION RECORD","ACQUISITION NUMBER","PRIM^: PRECES","PRECES PRIMARIO","TRANSLATITIUM EDICTUM","MATERIALS","YEAR","ARGUMENTATIVE","STRUMPET","POINT OF LAW"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE DISCRETION","definition":"The final and total power of acting on your own judgement.","related":["JUDICIAL DISCRETION, LEGAL DISCRETION","DISCRETION OF THE COURT","ABSOLUTE DIVORCE","SOUND JUDICIAL DISCRETION","UNCONTROLLED DISCRETION","DISCRETION","JUDICIAL DISCRETION","ABSOLUTE","ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE","ABSOLUTE ESTATE"]}
{"title":"ABNEGATE","definition":"Giving something up or to renounce.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Payment Systems","Contracts I","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Procedure","Trust and Will","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Professional Responsibility","Criminal Law"]}
{"title":"AMENDMENT BY COMPULSION","definition":"the change in the pleading that is ordered by the court when the original pleading was written in terms to delay or prejudice the trial.","related":["AMENDMENT AS OF COURSE","AMENDMENT","COMPULSION","AMENDMENT OF PLEADING","TRIAL AMENDMENT","ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT","CRIMINAL LAW AMENDMENT ACT","EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT","THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT","FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT"]}
{"title":"ANCILLARY PROCEEDING","definition":"a proceeding that complements a proceeding that is in another court or a proceeding that is subordinate and secondary to another action.","related":["ANCILLARY","PATERNITY PROCEEDING","INCIDENTAL PROCEEDING","ANCILLARY BILL OR SUIT","POST-CONVICTION RELIEF PROCEEDING","ANCILLARY SUIT","SUMMARY PROCEEDING","FILIATION PROCEEDING","SPECIAL PROCEEDING","ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION"]}
{"title":"AT ANY TIME PRIOR TO","definition":"This term means that it occurred before the given date.","related":["PRIOR","PRIOR, n","PRIOR, adj","PRIOR LIEN","PRIOR PROBABILITY","PRIOR PERIOD","PRIOR CHARGE","PRIOR AUTHORIZATION","PRIOR CONVICTION","PRIOR PREFERRED STOCK"]}
{"title":"AGREED CASE","definition":"a statement when all parties concerned submit to the court that is the agreement of essential facts. The court only needs to determine matters of law.","related":["CASE AGREED ON","AGREED STATEMENT OF FACTS","CASE ON APPEAL","CASE RESERVED","AGREED","DISMISSAL AGREED","CASE","AGREED VALUATION","THEORY OF CASE","STATEMENT OF CASE"]}
{"title":"ACCUSATION","definition":"The formal charge that is made in court where a person is guilty of a offence that is punishable.","related":["ACCUSER","SPECIAL VERDICT","STAND MUTE","PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE","GENERAL VERDICT","CONVICTION","MALVERSATION","CONVICT","NO CONTEST","CULPRIT"]}
{"title":"ATTEMPTED MURDER","definition":"the term used when a person has planned to kill another person and was unsuccessful.","related":["MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE","ATTEMPTED ASSAULT","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER","PREMEDITATED MURDER","ATTEMPTED ROBBERY","ATTEMPTED CRIME","MURDER IN THE SECOND DEGREE","SECOND-DEGREE MURDER","FIRST-DEGREE MURDER","MURDER"]}
{"title":"APPROXIMATION","definition":"This situation can arise when a charitable gift is applied as near as is possible to the original wishes of the donor.","related":["DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA","DONATOR","BENEVOLENT","GIVER","FIDEI-COMMISSUM","PLANNED GIVING","PRO DONATO","GARATHINX","CHARITABLE FOUNDATION","REVERSIO"]}
{"title":"ADVOCACY","definition":"The active support of an issue or the espousement of a set cause.","related":["Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Evidence 2","Comparative Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Labor Law","Payment Systems","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ATROCIOUS ASSAULT","definition":"the term used to describe an attack that is characterised by cruelty and brutality.","related":["ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO ROB","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE","ASSAULT AND BATTERY","FELONIOUS ASSAULT","CRIMINAL ASSAULT AND BATTERY","ATTEMPTED ASSAULT","ASSAULT","SIMPLE ASSAULT","AGGRAVATED ASSAULT"]}
{"title":"ABUTTING OWNER","definition":"Is the owner of property that borders along property that belongs to someone else.","related":["FRONTING AND ABUTTING","OWNER RIPARIAN","OWNER EQUITABLE","OWNER REPUTED","PROPERTY OWNER","OWNER OCCUPANT","OWNER FINANCING","FOR SALE BY OWNER (FSBO)","REGISTERED OWNER","BENEFICIAL OWNER"]}
{"title":"ADULT CHILDREN","definition":"Any sons or daughters who have attained the age of an adult.","related":["ADULT","YOUNGER CHILDREN","CHILDREN","CUSTODY OF CHILDREN","FULL ADULT FARE","PRINCES OF THE ROYAL BLOOD","AGE AND LIFE CYCLE","MERCHET","GWABR MERCHED","DAUPHIN"]}
{"title":"ADVERSE INTEREST","definition":"Any interest that will completely or partially displace your own interest in something.","related":["ADVERSE TRUSTEE","ADVERSE PARTY","ADVERSE","ADVERSE USE","COMPOUND INTEREST","ADVERSE BALANCE","ADVERSE ENJOYMENT","ADVERSE POSSESSION","ADVERSE SELECTION","ADVERSE OPINION"]}
{"title":"ADVENTURER","definition":"A person who takes a risk in a business venture or a person promoting a mine or a person who owns shares in a mine.","related":["CE-ADVENTURER","SILENT PARTNER","BUSINESS VENTURE","TENANT-OWNER","COST-BOOK","BUSINESS RECOVERY RISK","STOCKHOLDER","FRANCHISING","MUSHARKA","TAX CLAWBACK AGREEMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCUMULATIVE JUDGMENT","definition":"The additional or second sentence that will go into effect when the first sentence has been completed.","related":["ACCUMULATIVE LEGACY","LEGACY ACCUMULATIVE","JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION","JUDGMENT","VOID JUDGMENT","CONDITIONAL JUDGMENT","EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT","CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT","JUDGMENT-PROOF","JUDGMENT IN REM"]}
{"title":"AFFIRMATIVE WARRANTY","definition":"Any warranty that will confirm the existence of a fact at the same time that an insurance policy is entered into.","related":["WARRANTY AFFIRMATIVE","P WARRANTY","WARRANTY POLICY","EXTENDED WARRANTY","WARRANTY PAYABLE","WARRANTY\nN WARRANTOR","ABSOLUTE WARRANTY","WARRANTY SPECIAL","WARRANTY EXPENSE","WARRANTY EXPRESS"]}
{"title":"ASSIGNMENT WITH PREFERENCES","definition":"the assignment that directs the creditors to be paid first in full before claims of other creditors are paid.","related":["ASSIGNMENT WITH\nPREFERENCES","PREFERENTIAL ASSIGNMENT","VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT","GENERAL ASSIGNMENT","COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT","ASSIGNMENT","GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES (GSP)","NOVEL ASSIGNMENT","PLATFORM FOR PRIVACY PREFERENCES PROJECT (P3P)","DEED OF ASSIGNMENT"]}
{"title":"APPROPRIATE PROCESS","definition":"an order from the Internal revenue Service asking you to produce books and records and to testify.","related":["BUSINESS PROCESS","LOANS IN PROCESS","QUALIFICATION PROCESS","CONTINUOUS PROCESS","KEY PROCESS","PROCESS FINAL","PROCESS ORIGINAL","PROCESS MESNE","REGULAR PROCESS","PROCESS LEGAL"]}
{"title":"AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE","definition":"contrary to the evidence as the verdict issued does not conform to the presented evidence.","related":["WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE","WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE","PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE","AGAINST THE EVIDENCE","LEGALLY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE","GO IN EVIDENCE","ADMINICULAR EVIDENCE","REBUTTAL EVIDENCE","CONTRARY TO EVIDENCE","INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE"]}
{"title":"ABEYANCE IN","definition":"Being in expectation. An estate will be in abeyance when there is no one to claim it. The law does anticipate that the heir will be found and the estate will ne longer be abeyance.","related":["ABEYANCE","JACENS","INHERITANCE","CONTEMPLATION OF DEATH","HEIR","IN NUBIBUS","GREMIUM","FALCIDIAN LAW","L9 SUDDEN HEAT OF PASSION","HAERES"]}
{"title":"ACCUSER","definition":"The person who claims that another person is guilty of an offense that is punishable  or of a crime. See plaintiff.","related":["CONFESSION","CONVICT","CRIMINAL, RE","DELINQUENT","ACCUSATION","SPECIAL VERDICT","COMPENSATIO CRIMINIS","OFFENDER","EMBRACEOR","FULL PARDON"]}
{"title":"ATTESTING WITNESS","definition":"the person who signs his name on a document tat the maker or maker’s request and certifies its identity and existence.","related":["ATTESTING\nWITNESS","SUBSCRIBING WITNESS","WITNESS","IN WITNESS WHEREOF","WITNESS, v","WITNESS, n","PROSECUTING WITNESS","WITNESS PROSECUTING","FUGITIVE WITNESS","CHARACTER WITNESS"]}
{"title":"AISNE","definition":"the first born child in a family.","related":["AISNE OR EIGNE","BASTARD","LEGITIMATE CHILD","NATURAL CHILD","GAMALIS","EXTRANEUS","BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK","STILLBORN","NASCITURUS","LEGITIMATE"]}
{"title":"ABJURATION","definition":"Taking an oath that will give up a right already had such as pledging an allegiance to a new country by giving up the right of allegiance to another country.","related":["Comparative Constitutional Law","Evidence 2","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Patent Law","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Torts (Selmi)","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Payment Systems"]}
{"title":"APPORTION","definition":"This means to distribute the portions of something such as rights to something, land or shares.","related":["EX ALL","EX RIGHTS","CLASS A SHARES","SURFACE RIGHTS","FREEZE-OUT","DOLE","EX WARRANTS","DRAG ALONG RIGHTS","OWELTY","ALLOT"]}
{"title":"ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE","definition":"a philosophy of law resulting from analysing and comparing many legal concepts and does not depend upon any one theory or existing principles or laws.","related":["JURISPRUDENCE","COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE","ANALYTICAL STUDY","ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES","ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP)","MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE","MEDIA SYSTEM DEPENDENCY THEORY","SHARED VALUES","MASTER","MORAL"]}
{"title":"AUTHORITY BY ESTOPPEL","definition":"This term applies to apparent authority and not actual authority.","related":["UNLIMITED AUTHORITY","ACTUAL AUTHORITY","COLOR OF AUTHORITY","ESTOPPEL IN PAIS","APPARENT AUTHORITY","AUTHORITY","ESTOPPEL BY","IMPLIED AUTHORITY","CONSTRUCTIVE AUTHORITY","EXPRESS AUTHORITY"]}
{"title":"ABSOLUTE ACCEPTANCE","definition":"The unqualified and the total agreement in accepting a liability or a responsibility.","related":["ABSOLUTE LIABILITY","CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE","ACCEPTANCE","BAIL ABSOLUTE","OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE","ABSOLUTE DISCRETION","ABSOLUTE WARRANTY","ABSOLUTE ESTATE","ABSOLUTE DIVORCE","ACCEPTANCE OF OFFICE BY TRUSTEE"]}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGED INSTRUMENT","definition":"The document that is recognised formally before an authorised official. The person who acknowledges the instrument says that it is authentic and has been executed  freely and voluntarily.","related":["ACKNOWLEDGED CHILD","FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT","EQUITY INSTRUMENT","NON-NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT","DEBT INSTRUMENT","ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT","TESTAMENTARY INSTRUMENT","INSTRUMENT","BEARER INSTRUMENT","LINEAR INSTRUMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCESSORY TO A CRIME","definition":"Any person connected to a crime before or after it has happened, but was not present when the crime was committed. See aid and abet.","related":["ACCESSORY","ACCESSORY BEFORE THE FACT","ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT","TRANSITORY CRIME","CRIME OF PASSION","INFAMOUS\nCRIME","WHITE COLLAR CRIME","CRIME","ACCESSORY OBLIGATION","PRINCIPAL AND ACCESSORY"]}
{"title":"ALIAS SUBPOENA","definition":"the second subpoena that is issued after the original subpoena failed to accomplish the purpose of it.","related":["Payment Systems","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Nonprofit Corporate Law","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Torts (Selmi)","Criminal Law (Emanuel)","Patent Law"]}
{"title":"ALIENATION OF AFFECTION","definition":"This the wrongful act of one person that interferes with the affection one spouse has for the other. This could be one a husband or wife is deprived of the others affection because they have fallen in love with someone else.","related":["AFFECTION","FRAUDULENT ALIENATION","ALIENATION","ALIENATION OFFICE","ALIENATION OF ASSETS","ALIENATION OF BENEFITS","ALIENATION OF PROPERTY","ALIENATION CLAUSE","AFFINITY","CONJUGAL RIGHTS"]}
{"title":"ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MURDER","definition":"This term is used to describe an attack that is carried with malice aforethought and has the intent to kill someone.","related":["ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO RAPE","ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO ROB","MURDER","MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE","ATROCIOUS ASSAULT","PREMEDITATED MURDER","ASSAULT AND BATTERY","SECOND-DEGREE MURDER","ATTEMPTED MURDER","CRIMINAL INTENT"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR-CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFL-CIO)","definition":"the organisation that is composed of the 2 largest labour unions in the USA, the American Federation of Labour and the Congress of Industrial Organisations.","related":["AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS (AFLCIO)","AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)","CONGRESS","CONTINENTAL CONGRESS","AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION","CONTEMPT OF CONGRESS","STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) CODE","MANUAL LABOR","LABOR LAWS","INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS"]}
{"title":"APPLICABLE LOCAL LAW","definition":"the law that determines the heirs of a person who has died without making a will that","related":["Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Payment Systems","Property Law","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Criminal Procedure","Secured Transactions","Property Law (Keyed to Dukeminier)","Comparative Constitutional Law","Property Law – 2","Torts (Selmi)"]}
{"title":"ANTENUPTIAL CONTRACT","definition":"the agreement made between a man and a woman before they get married with provisions for property disposal should they divorce or a partner dies. See antinuptual settlement; premarital agreement.","related":["ANTENUPTIAL SETTLEMENT","ANTENUPTIAL","OPEN CONTRACT","REFUND ANNUITY CONTRACT","LAND CONTRACT","CONTRACT","CONTRACT NEGOTIATION","PREMARITAL AGREEMENT","NEARBY FUTURES CONTRACT","OPEN END CONTRACT"]}
{"title":"ABATEMENT OF BEQUEST","definition":"The procedure that will be carried out when there is not enough money in an estate to fulfil all debts and bequests.","related":["BEQUEST","RESIDUARY BEQUEST","CHARITABLE BEQUEST","SPECIFIC BEQUEST","CONDITIONAL BEQUEST","TAX ABATEMENT","ABATEMENT","ASBESTOS ABATEMENT","OUSTER BY ABATEMENT","ABATEMENT OF TAX ASSESSMENT"]}
{"title":"ACCIDENTAL KILLING","definition":"Any death that comes about from a lawful act that is done on the assumption that no harm will result. Involuntary manslaughter results from an unlawful act.","related":["HOMICIDE ACCIDENTAL","ACCIDENTAL DEATH CLAUSE","ACCIDENTAL DEATH","MERCY KILLING","ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT","EXTERNAL VIOLENT AND ACCIDENTAL MEANS","ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE","ACCIDENTAL CAUSE","ACCIDENTAL MEANS","MANSLAUGHTER"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATE LEGACY","definition":"the legacy of the will maker or testator who gives one of two or more things without actually designating which one.","related":["LEGACY ALTERNATE","DEMONSTRATIVE LEGACY","ACCUMULATIVE LEGACY","LEGACY COSTS","LEGACY ABSOLUTE","LEGACY ADDITIONAL","LEGACY CONTINGENT","LEGACY CONDITIONAL","TRUST LEGACY","LEGACY TRUST"]}
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE RELIEF","definition":"This the request for a remedy where the plaintiff is unsure of the type or exact relief they are entitled to receive and permits the court to direct one of several forms.","related":["EQUITABLE RELIEF","RELIEF","ALTERNATIVE REMEDY","ALTERNATIVE JUDGMENT","AFFIRMATIVE RELIEF","POST-CONVICTION RELIEF PROCEEDING","ALTERNATIVE DOCUMENTATION","INCIDENTAL RELIEF","ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION","COURT FOR THE RELIEF OF INSOLVENT DEBTORS"]}
{"title":"ADVERSARY TRIAL","definition":"The trial with two opposing parties and each one is given the opportunity to present to the court its side of the issues being contested.","related":["ADVERSARY PROCEEDING","ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS","TRIAL","ADVERSARY SYSTEM","TRIAL NONJURY","TRIAL PUBLIC","ADVERSARY","ON TRIAL","TRIAL NEW","TRIAL DE NOVO"]}
{"title":"ASSUMPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS","definition":"the agreement of one person who will pay the debts of another person.","related":["INDEBTEDNESS","BALANCE OF INDEBTEDNESS","BONDED INDEBTEDNESS","CERTIFICATE OF INDEBTEDNESS","ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION FEE","ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTION","ASSUMPTION OF RISK","ASSUMPTION OF MORTGAGE","ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE"]}
{"title":"AGGRAVATION OF DISABILITY","definition":"the injury that is superimposed on an original injury that is often encountered in a worker’s compensation disability.","related":["PARTIAL DISABILITY","AGGRAVATION OF DAMAGES","PERMANENT AND TOTAL DISABILITY","AGGRAVATION","RECURRENT DISABILITY","RESIDUAL DISABILITY","DISABILITY","LONG TERM DISABILITY","PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY","PERMANENT DISABILITY"]}
{"title":"AMENDMENT OF INCOME TAX RETURN","definition":"These are the changes that a person makes to his tax return to correct any errors that were made in the original filing.","related":["AMENDMENT OF PLEADING","PLEADING THE FIFTH AMENDMENT","EXCESS RETURN","SPECIFIC RETURN","ABNORMAL RETURN","RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE)","AMENDMENT AS OF COURSE","AMENDMENT","RISK-FREE RATE OF RETURN","REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN"]}
{"title":"AB INITIO","definition":"Latin, for from the first act or meaning from the start.","related":["IN INITIO","CUM ACTIO FUERIT MERE CRIMINALIS, IN- STITUI POTERIT AB INITIO CRIMINALITER TEL CIVILITER","LEX COMMUNIS","CONTRA OMNES GENTES","IN ABSENTIA","INJURIA ABSQUE DAMNO","IGNORANTIA LEGIS NON EXCUSAT","INJURIA NON EXCUSAT INJURIAM","LAPSUS LINGUAE","GIFTS INTER VIVOS"]}
{"title":"AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION","definition":"These are any modifications made to the Constitution of the United States of America that must be ratified first by three quarters of the states for it to become an amendment and part of the Constitution.","related":["Criminal Procedure","Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure and the Constitution)","Bill Of Rights","Admin Law Keyed to Rogers \u0026 Krotoszynski","Comparative Constitutional Law","Constitution of The United States of America","Secured Transactions","Constitutional Law","Criminal Law (Keyed to Dressler)","Constitutional Law"]}
{"title":"AMERICAN LAW REPORTS","definition":"a series of books that are printed and contains annotations of cases that have been important to American Law. These reports are often referred to by attorneys in law suits.","related":["SIDE REPORTS","X-RAY REPORTS","REPORTS,","CONS