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Simple Sabotage Field Manual (Korean)

Simple Sabotage Field Manual


๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ์‹ค์ „ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ, 1944, ์ „๋žต์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ

๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ์‹ค์ „ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ (์ž„์‹œ)

์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ ์‹ค์ „ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ 3

์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D. C.

1944๋…„ 1์›” 17์ผ

์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ์‹ค์ „ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ - ์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ (์ž„์‹œ) - ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ฌด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž์˜ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ์ง€์นจ์€ ์ž‘์ „ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํŒœํ”Œ๋ › ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ ›์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋†“์•„๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ง€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์—๋งŒ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ AR 380-5๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ J. ๋„๋…ธ๋ฐ˜

๋ชฉ์ฐจ

  1. ์†Œ๊ฐœ
  2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ
  3. ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ
  4. ๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ
  5. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ œ์•ˆ

1. ์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน์ง• ์ง“๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ๋™ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์š”์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€ ํ–‰์œ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ›„์ž์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ, ๋ฐœ๊ฐ, ๋ณด๋ณต์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ณต์ž‘์— ์žˆ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ๋ชป, ์ด›๋ถˆ, ์กฐ์•ฝ๋Œ, ์‹ค, ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๋งŒํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์—Œ ์ฐฌ์žฅ, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ, ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™œ์šฉํ’ˆ์ด ๊ณง ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋†“๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ˜‘์กฐ์  ์ž์„ธ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ง์‹ธ์›€์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋š๋šํ•จ๊ณผ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ–‰์œ„ - ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ "์ธ๊ฐ„ ์š”์†Œ"๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” - ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ง€์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์• ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ "์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด"๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ

๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋ง์‹ธ์›€์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‡ผํŠธ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ชจ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ž, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐจ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•ด์ ธ, ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ ๊ตญ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋ น์ง€์—์„œ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด UN์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ตญ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ

์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋„๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๊ดด ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์ฃผ๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ด์ต๋„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์กด์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋„๋œ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ง“์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์ข… ์••๋ฐ•, ์ž๊ทน, ํ™•์‹ , ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ

(a) ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์ ์˜ ํ‡ด๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ด๋“์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Gains should be stated as specifically as possible for the area addressed: simple sabotage will hasten the day when Commissioner X and his deputies Y and Z will be thrown out, when particularly obnoxious decrees and restrictions will be abolished, when food will arrive, and so on. Abstract verbalizations about personal liberty, freedom of the press, and so on, will not be convincing in most parts of the world. In many areas they will not even be comprehensible.

(b) ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ผ์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จนํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋ผ๋„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต๋‹์•„์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์นญ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋„ ์ „ํŒŒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(c) (a)๋‚˜ (b)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(2) ํŒŒ๊ดด์„ฑ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ

It should be pointed out to the saboteur where the circumstances are suitable, that he is acting in self-defense against the enemy, or retaliating against the enemy for other acts of destruction. A reasonable amount of humor in the presentation of suggestions for simple sabotage will relax tensions of fear.

(a) The saboteur may have to reverse his thinking, and he should be told this in so many words. Where he formerly thought of keeping his tools sharp, he should now let them grow dull; surfaces that formerly were lubricated now should be sanded; normally diligent, he should now be lazy and careless; and so on. Once he is encouraged to think backwards about himself and the objects of his everyday life, the saboteur will see many opportunities in his immediate environment which cannot possibly be seen from a distance. A state of mind should be encouraged that anything can be sabotaged.

(b) Among the potential citizen-saboteurs who are to engage in physical destruction, two extreme types may be distinguished. On the one hand, there is the man who is not technically trained and employed. This man needs specific suggestions as to what he can and should destroy as well as details regarding the tools by means of which destruction is accomplished.

(c) At the other extreme is the man who is a technician, such as a lathe operator or an automobile mechanic. Presumably this man would be able to devise methods of simple sabotage which would be appropriate to his own facilities. However, this man needs to be stimulated to re-orient his thinking in the direction of destruction. Specific examples, which need not be from his own field, should accomplish this.

(d) Various media may be used to disseminate suggestions and information regarding simple sabotage. Among the media which may be used, as the immediate situation dictates, are: freedom stations or radio false (unreadable) broadcasts or leaflets may be directed toward specific geographic or occupational areas, or they may be general in scope. Finally, agents may be trained in the art of simple sabotage, in anticipation of a time when they may be able to communicate this information directly.

(3) ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜

(a) The amount of activity carried on by the saboteur will be governed not only by the number of opportunities he sees, but also by the amount of danger he feels. Bad news travels fast, and simple sabotage will be discouraged if too many simple saboteurs are arrested.

(b) It should not be difficult to prepare leaflets and other media for the saboteur about the choice of weapons, time, and targets which will insure the saboteur against detection and retaliation. Among such suggestions might be the following:

(1) Use materials which appear to be innocent. A knife or a nail file can be carried normally on your person; either is a multi-purpose instrument for creating damage. Matches, pebbles, hair, salt, nails, and dozens of other destructive agents can be carried or kept in your living quarters without exciting any suspicion whatever. If you are a worker in a particular trade or industry you can easily carry and keep such things as wrenches, hammers, emery paper, and the like.

(2) Try to commit acts for which large numbers of people could be responsible. For instance, if you blow out the wiring in a factory at a central fire box, almost anyone could have done it. On-the-street sabotage after dark, such as you might be able to carry out against a military car or truck, is another example of an act for which it would be impossible to blame you.

(3) Do not be afraid to commit acts for which you might be blamed directly, so long as you do so rarely, and as long as you have a plausible excuse: you dropped your wrench across an electric circuit because an air raid had kept you up the night before and you were half-dozing at work. Always be profuse in your apologies. Frequently you can "get away" with such acts under the cover of pretending stupidity, ignorance, over-caution, fear of being suspected of sabotage, or weakness and dullness due to undernourishment.

(4) After you have committed an act of easy sabotage, resist any temptation to wait around and see what happens. Loiterers arouse suspicion. Of course, there are circumstances when it would be suspicious for you to leave. If you commit sabotage on your job, you should naturally stay at your work.

4. ๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ

The citizen-saboteur cannot be closely controlled. Nor is it reasonable to expect that simple sabotage can be precisely concentrated on specific types of target according to the requirements of a concrete military situation. Attempts to control simple sabotage according to developing military factors, moreover, might provide the enemy with intelligence of more or less value in anticipating the date and area of notably intensified or notably slackened military activity.

Sabotage suggestions, of course, should be adapted to fit the area where they are to be practiced. Target priorities for general types of situations likewise can be specified, for emphasis at the proper time by the underground press, freedom stations, and cooperating propaganda.

(1) ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ

(a) Simple sabotage is more than malicious mischief, and it should always consist of acts whose results will be detrimental to the materials and manpower of the enemy.

(b) The saboteur should be ingenious in using his every-day equipment. All sorts of weapons will present themselves if he looks at his surroundings in a different light. For example, emery dust -- a at first may seen unobtainable but if the saboteur were to pulverize an emery knife sharpener or emery wheel with a hammer, he would find himself with a plentiful supply.

(c) The saboteur should never attack targets beyond his capacity or the capacity of his instruments. An inexperienced person should not, for example, attempt to use explosives, but should confine himself to the use of matches or other familiar weapons.

(d) The saboteur should try to damage only objects and materials known to be in use by the enemy or to be destined for early use by the enemy. It will be safe for him to assume that almost any product of heavy industry is destined for enemy use, and that the most efficient fuels and lubricants also are destined for enemy use. Without special knowledge, however, it would be undesirable for him to attempt destruction of food crops or food products.

(e) Although the citizen-saboteur may rarely have access to military objects, he should give these preference above all others.

(2) ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์ „

During periods which are quiescent in a military sense, such emphasis as can be given to simple sabotage might well center on industrial production, to lessen the flow of materials and equipment to the enemy. Slashing a rubber tire on an Army truck may be an act of value; spoiling a batch of rubber in the production plant is an act of still more value.

(3) ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์ค‘

(a) Most significant sabotage for an area which is, or is soon destined to be, a theater of combat operations is that whose effects will be direct and immediate. Even if the effects are relatively minor and localized, this type of sabotage is to be preferred to activities whose effects, while widespread, are indirect and delayed.

(1) The saboteur should be encouraged to attack transportation facilities of all kinds. Among such facilities are roads, railroads, auto mobiles, trucks, motor-cycles, bicycles, trains, and trams.

(2) Any communications facilities which can be used by the authorities to transmit instructions or morale material should be the objects of simple sabotage. These include telephone, telegraph and power systems, radio, newspapers, placards, and public notices.

(3) Critical materials, valuable in themselves or necessary to the efficient functioning of transportation and communication, also should become targets for the citizen-saboteur. These may include oil, gasoline, tires, food, and water.

5. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ œ์•ˆ

It will not be possible to evaluate the desirability of simple sabotage in an area without having in mind rather specifically what individual acts and results are embraced by the definition of simple sabotage.

A listing of specific acts follows, classified according to types of target. This list is presented as a growing rather than a complete outline of the methods of simple sabotage. As new techniques are developed, or new fields explored, it will be elaborated and expanded.

(1) ๊ฑด๋ฌผ

์ฐฝ๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์˜, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค, ํ˜ธํ…” ๋ฐ ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ํŠนํžˆ ํ™”์žฌ ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๊ทนํžˆ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜, ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ํ•ธ๋””์บก์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(a) ํ™”์žฌ

ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ™”์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํƒ€์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(1) Whenever possible, arrange to have the fire start after you have gone away. Use a candle and paper, combination, setting it as close as possible to the inflammable material you want to burn: From a sheet of paper, tear a strip three or four centimeters wide and wrap it around the base of the candle two or three times. Twist more sheets of paper into loose ropes and place them around the base of the candle. When the candle flame reaches the encircling strip, it will be ignited and in turn will ignite the surrounding paper. The size, heat, and duration of the resulting flame will depend on how much paper you use and how much of it you can cramp in a small space.

(2) With a flame of this kind, do not attempt to ignite any but rather inflammable materials, such as cotton sacking. To light more resistant materials, use a candle plus tightly rolled or twisted paper which has been soaked in gasoline. To create a briefer but even hotter flame, put celluloid such as you might find in an old comb, into a nest of plain or saturated paper which is to be fired by a candle.

(3) To make another type of simple fuse, soak one end of a piece of string in grease. Rub a generous pinch of gunpowder over the inch of string where greasy string meets clean string. Then ignite the clean end of the string. It will burn slowly without a flame (in much the same way that a cigarette burns) until it reaches the grease and gunpowder; it will then flare up suddenly. The grease-treated string will then burn with a flame. The same effect may be achieved by using matches instead of the grease and gunpowder. Run the string over the match heads, taking care that the string is not pressed or knotted. They too will produce a sudden flame. The advantage of this type of fuse is that string burns at a set speed. You can time your fire by the length and thickness of the string you chose.

(4) Use a fuse such as; the ones suggested above to start a fire in an office after hours. The destruction of records and other types of documents would be a serious handicap to the enemy.

(5) In basements where waste is kept, janitors should accumulate oily and greasy waste. Such waste sometimes ignites spontaneously, but it can easily be lit with a cigarette or match. If you are a janitor on night duty, you can be the first to report the fire, but don't report it too soon.

(6) A clean factory is not susceptible to fire, but a dirty one is. Workers should be careless with refuse and janitors should be inefficient in cleaning. If enough dirt and trash can be accumulated an otherwise fireproof building will become inflammable.

(7) Where illuminating gas is used in a room which is vacant at night, shut the windows tightly, turn on the gas, and leave a candle burning in the room, closing the door tightly behind you. After a time, the gas will explode, and a fire may or may not follow.

(b) ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€

(1) Ruin warehouse stock by setting the automatic sprinkler system to work. You can do this by tapping the sprinkler heads sharply with a hammer or by holding a match under them.

(2) Forget to provide paper in toilets; put tightly rolled paper, hair, and other obstructions in the W. C. Saturate a sponge with a thick starch or sugar solution. Squeeze it tightly into a ball, wrap it with string, and dry. Remove the string when fully dried. The sponge will be in the form of a tight hard ball. Flush down a W. C. or otherwise introduce into a sewer line. The sponge will gradually expand to its normal size and plug the sewage system.

(3) Put a coin beneath a bulb in a public building during the daytime, so that fuses will blow out when lights are turned on at night. The fuses themselves may be rendered ineffective by putting a coin behind them or loading them with heavy wire. Then a short-circuit may either start a fire, damage transformers, or blow out a central fuse which will interrupt distribution of electricity to a large area.

(4) Jam paper, bits of wood, hairpins, and anything else that will fit, into the locks of all unguarded entrances to public buildings.

(2) ๊ณต์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ: ์ œ์กฐ

(a) ๋„๊ตฌ

(1) ์ ˆ์‚ญ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ŽŒ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ผ. ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฅ ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์žฌ์™€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(2) ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ†ฑ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋‘ฌ๋ผ. ์ž ์‹œ ๋’ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(3) Using a very rapid stroke will wear out a file before its time. So will dragging a file in slow strokes under heavy pressure. Exert pressure on the backward stroke as well as the forward stroke.

(4) Clean files by knocking them against the vise or the workpiece; they are easily broken this way.

(5) Bits and drills will snap under heavy pressure.

(6) You can put a press punch out of order by putting in it more material than it is adjusted for--two blanks instead of one, for example.

(7) Power-driven tools like pneumatic drills, riveters, and so on, are never efficient when dirty. Lubrication points and electric contacts can easily be fouled by normal accumulations of dirt or the insertion of foreign matter.

(b) ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ์œคํ™œ์œ 

Oil and lubrication systems are not only vulnerable to easy sabotage, but are critical in every machine with moving parts. Sabotage of oil and lubrication will slow production or stop work entirely at strategic points in industrial processes.

(1) Put metal dust or filings, fine sand, ground glass, emery dust (get it by pounding up an emery knife sharpener) and similar hard, gritty substances directly into lubrication systems. They will scour smooth surfaces, ruining pistons, cylinder walls, shafts, and bearings. They will overheat and stop motors which will need overhauling, new parts, and extensive repairs. Such materials, if they are used, should be introduced into lubrication systems past any filters which otherwise would strain them out.

(2) You can cause wear on any machine by uncovering a filter system, poking a pencil or any other sharp object through the filter mesh, then covering it up again. Or, if you can dispose of it quickly, simply remove the filter.

(3) If you cannot get at the lubrication system or filter directly, you may be able to lessen the effectiveness of oil by diluting it in storage. In this case, almost any liquid will do which will thin the oil. A small amount of sulphuric acid, varnish, water-glass, or linseed oil will be especially effective.

(4) Using a thin oil where a heavy oil is prescribed will break down a machine or heat up a moving shaft so that it will "freeze" and stop.

(5) Put any clogging substance into lubrication systems or, if it will float, into stored oil. Twisted combings of human hair, pieces of string, dead insects, and many other common objects will be effective in stopping or hindering the flow of oil through feed lines and filters.

(6) Under some circumstances, you may be able to destroy oil outright rather than interfere with its effectiveness, by removing stop-plugs from lubricating systems or by puncturing the drums and cans in which it is stored.

(c) ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

(1) A water cooling system can be put out of commission in a fairly short time, with considerable damage to an engine or motor, if you put into it several pinches of hard grain, such as rice or wheat. They will swell up and choke the circulation of water, and the cooling system will have to be torn down to remove the obstruction. Sawdust or hair may also be used to clog a water cooling system.

(2) If very cold water is quickly introduced into the cooling system of an overheated motor, contraction and considerable strain on the engine housing will result. If you can repeat the treatment a few times, cracking and serious damage will result.

(3) You can ruin the effectiveness of an air cooling system by plugging dirt and waste into intake or exhaust valves. If a belt-run fan is used in the system, make a jagged cut at least half way through the belt; it will slip and finally part under strain and the motor will overheat.

(d) ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ

Fuel Tanks and fueling engines usually are accessible and easy to open. They afford a very vulnerable target for simple sabotage activities.

(1) Put several pinches of sawdust or hard grain, such as rice or wheat, into the fuel tank of a gasoline engine. The particles will choke a feed line so that the engine will stop. Some time will be required to discover the source of the trouble. Although they will be hard to get, crumbs of natural rubber, such as you might find in old rubber bands and pencil erasers, are also effective.

(2) If you can accumulate sugar, put it in the fuel tank of a gasoline engine. As it burns together with the gasoline, it will turn into a sticky mess which will completely mire the engine and necessitate extensive cleaning and repair. Honey and molasses are as good as sugar. Try to use about 75-100 grams for each 10 gallons of gasoline.

(3) Other impurities which you can introduce into gasoline will cause rapid engine wear and eventual breakdown. Fine particles of pumice, sand, ground glass, and metal dust can easily be introduced into a gasoline tank. Be sure that the particles are very fine, so that they will be able to pass through the carburetor jet.

(4) Water, urine, wine, or any other simple liquid you can get in reasonably large quantities will dilute gasoline fuel to a point where no combustion will occur in the cylinder and the engine will not move. One pint to 20 gallons of gasoline is sufficient. If salt water is used, it will cause corrosion and permanent motor damage.

(5) In the case of Diesel engines, put low flashpoint oil into the fuel tank; the engine will not move. If there already is proper oil in the tank when the wrong kind is added, the engine will only limp and sputter along.

(6) Fuel lines to gasoline and oil engines frequently pass over the exhaust pipe. When the machine is at rest, you can stab a small hole in the fuel line and plug the hole with wax. As the engine runs and the exhaust tube becomes hot, the wax will be melted; fuel will drip onto the exhaust and a blaze will start.

(7) If you have access to a room where gasoline is stored, remember that gas vapor accumulating in a closed room will explode after a time if you leave a candle burning in the room. A good deal of evaporation, however, must occur from the gasoline tins into the air of the room. If removal of the tops of the tins does not expose enough gasoline to the air to ensure copious evaporation, you can open lightly constructed tins further with a knife, ice pick or sharpened nail file. Or puncture a tiny hole in the tank which will permit gasoline to leak out on the floor. This will greatly increase the rate of evaporation. Before you light your candle, be sure that windows are closed and the room is as air-tight as you can make it. If you can see that windows in a neighboring room are opened wide, you have a chance of setting a large fire which will not only destroy the gasoline but anything else nearby; when the gasoline explodes, the doors of the storage room will be blown open, a draft to the neighboring windows will be created which will whip up a fine conflagration.

(e) ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ

Electric motors (including dynamos) are more restricted than the targets so far discussed. They cannot be sabotaged easily or without risk of injury by unskilled persons who may otherwise have good opportunities for destruction.

(1) Set the rheostat to a high point of resistance in all types of electric motors. They will overheat and catch fire.

(2) Adjust the overload relay to a very high value beyond the capacity of the motor. Then overload the motor to a point where it will overheat and break down.

(3) ๋จผ์ง€, ํ™, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์€ ์ „์ž ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ผ. ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์„ ์ด ์ข…๋‹จ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋จผ์ง€์™€ ํ™์„ ํ˜๋ ค๋ผ. ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‡ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์…” ์‡ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ.

(4) "์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ" ์ „์„ ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ณต์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋„ˆํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ—๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์„ ์˜ ๋•œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ.

(5) Damage to commutators can reduce the power output or cause short circuiting in direct-current motors: Loosen or remove commutator holding rings. Sprinkle carbon, graphite, or metal dust on commutators. Put a little grease or oil at the contact points of commutators. Where commutator bars are close together bridge the gaps between them with metal dust, or sawtooth their edges with a chisel so that the teeth on adjoining bars meet or nearly meet and current can pass from one to the other.

(6) Put a piece of finely grained emery paper half the size of a postage stamp in a place where it will wear away rotating brushes. The emery paper and the motor will be destroyed in the resulting fire.

(7) Sprinkle carbon, graphite or metal dust on slip-rings so that the current will leak or short circuits will occur. When a motor is idle, nick the slip-rings with a chisel.

(8) Cause motor stoppage or inefficiency by applying dust mixed with grease to the face of the armature so that it will not make proper contact.

(9) To overheat electric motors, mix sand with heavy grease and smear it between the stator and rotor, or wedge thin metal pieces between them. To prevent the efficient generation of current, put floor sweepings, oil, tar, or paint between them.

(10) In motors using three-phase current, deeply nick one of the lead-in wires with a knife or file when the machine is at rest, or replace one of the three fuses with a blown-out fuse. In the first case, the motor will stop after running awhile, and in the second, it will not start.

(f) ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ

(1) Transformers of the oil-filled type can be put out of commission if you pour water, salt into the oil tank.

(2) ๊ณต๋žญ์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ž”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“์•„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„๋ผ.

(3) In all types of transformers, throw carbon, graphite or metal dust over the outside bushings and other exposed electrical parts.

(g) ํ„ฐ๋นˆ

Turbines for the most part are heavily built, stoutly housed, and difficult of access. Their vulnerability to simple sabotage is very low.

(1) After inspecting or repairing a hydro turbine, fasten the cover insecurely so that it will blow off and flood the plant with water. A loose cover on a steam turbine will cause it to leak and slow down.

(2) In water turbines, insert a large piece of scrap iron in the head of the penstock, just beyond the screening, so that water will carry the damaging material down to the plant equipment.

(3) When the steam line to a turbine is opened for repair, put pieces of scrap iron into it, to be blasted into the turbine machinery when steam is up again.

(4) ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์„ ์ƒˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด, ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฆ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋ผ.

(h) ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ

(1) Reduce the efficiency of steam boilers any way you can. Put too much water in them to make them slow-starting, or keep the fire under them low to keep them inefficient. Let them dry and turn the fire up; they will crack and be ruined. An especially good trick is to keep putting limestone or water containing lime in the boiler; it will deposit lime on the bottom and sides. This deposit will provide very good insulation against heat; after enough of it has collected, the boiler will be completely worthless.

(3) ์ƒ์‚ฐ. ๊ธˆ์†

(a) ์ฒ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ฒ 

(1) Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be frequently shut down for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for the inner lining of blast furnaces, put in an extra proportion of tar so that they will wear out quickly and necessitate constant re-lining.

(2) Make cores for casting so that they are filled with air bubbles and an imperfect cast results.

(3) See that the core in a mold is not properly supported, so that the core gives way or the casting is spoiled because of the incorrect position of the core.

(4) ์ฒ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์„ ๋œจ์ž„์งˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๊ดด์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ๋ผ.

(b) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธˆ์†

๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—†์Œ.

(4) ์ƒ์‚ฐ: ์ฑ„๊ด‘ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ

(a) ์„ํƒ„

(1) A slight blow against your Davy oil lamp will extinguish it, and to light it again you will have to find a place where there is no fire damp. Take a long time looking for the place.

(2) Blacksmiths who make pneumatic picks should not harden them properly, so that they will quickly grow dull.

(3) You can easily put your pneumatic pick out of order. Pour a small amount of water through the oil lever and your pick will stop working. Coal dust and improper lubrication will also put it out of order.

(4) Weaken the chain that pulls the bucket conveyers carrying coal. A deep dent in the chain made with blows of a pick or shovel will cause it to part under normal strain. Once a chain breaks, normally or otherwise take your time about reporting the damage; be slow about taking the chain up for repairs and bringing it back down after repairs.

(5) Derail mine cars by putting obstructions on the rails and in switch points. If possible, pick a gallery where coal cars have to pass each other, so that traffic will be snarled up.

(6) ์„ํƒ„์— ๋Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์„ž์–ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ผ.

(5) ์ƒ์‚ฐ: ๋†์—…

(a) ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜

(1) 5 b. (2) (c), (d), (e) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(b) ์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ถ•

Crops and livestock probably will be destroyed only in areas where there are large food surpluses or where the enemy (regime) is known to be requisitioning food.

(1) ๊ฐ€์ถ•์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์—ฌ๋ผ. ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ผ์ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๊ณก๋ฌผ, ๊ณผ์ผ, ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์…” ์ฉ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ. ๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ–‡๋น›์— ๋†”๋‘์–ด ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ ค๋ผ.

(6) ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ: ์ฒ ๋„

(a) ์Šน๊ฐ

(1) ์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์—ด์ฐจ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ. ์—ด์ฐจ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ‹ฐ์ผ“ ์˜ˆ๋งค๊ถŒ์ด ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋จน๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ; ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹คํˆผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ; ์—ด์ฐจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ธ์‡„๋œ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์จ์„œ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ. ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋„์ฐฉ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ ๋‚ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์— ์ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ.

(2) ์ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ์—์„œ, ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Œ์‹์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ง›์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ผ๊ฐ„์— ๋งค ์ •์ฐจ์—ญ์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์™ธ์น˜๊ณ , ์•ผ๊ฐ„์— ์ง์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ , ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.

(3) ์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ง์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ๋†“์—ฌ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญ์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ ์˜ ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋‹ฌ์•„๋ผ.

(4) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •์— ์—†๋˜ ์ •์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ.

(b) ์Šค์œ„์น˜, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…

(1) Exchange wires in switchboards containing signals and switches, so that they connect to the wrong terminals.

(2) Loosen push-rods so that signal arms do not work; break signal lights; exchange the colored lenses on red and green lights.

(3) Spread and spike switch points in the track so that they will not move, or place rocks or close-packed dirt between the switch points.

(4) Sprinkle rock salt or ordinary salt profusely over the electrical connections of switch points and on the ground nearby. When it rains, the switch will be short-circuited.

(5) See that cars are put on the wrong trains. Remove the labels from cars needing repair and put them on cars in good order. Leave couplings between cars as loose as possible.

(c) ๋…ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ˆ ํŠธ๋ž™

(1) On a curve, take the bolts out of the tie-plates connecting to sections of the outside rail, and scoop away the gravel, cinders, or dirt for a few feet on each side of the connecting joint.

(2) If by disconnecting the tie-plate at a joint and loosening sleeper nails on each side of the joint, it becomes possible to move a sections of rail, spread two sections of rail and drive a spike vertically between them.

(d) ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์œคํ™œ์œ 

(1) 5 b. (2) (b) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(2) Squeeze lubricating pipes with pincers or dent them with hammers, so that the flow of oil is obstructed.

(e) ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

(1) 5 b (2) (c) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(f) ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ

(1) 5 b (2) (d) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(g) ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ

(1) 5 b (2) (e) ๋ฐ (f) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(h) ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ

(1) 5 b (2) (h) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(2) After inspection put heavy oil or tar in the engines' boilers, or put half a kilogram of soft soap into the water in the tender.

(i) ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€

(1) Engines should run at high speeds and use brakes excessively at curves and on downhill grades.

(2) Punch holes in air-brake valves or water supply pipes.

(3) In the last car of a passenger train or or a front car of a freight, remove the wadding from a journal box and replace it with oily rags.

(7) ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ: ์ž๋™์ฐจ

(a) ๋„๋กœ

๋„๋กœ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” (์•„๋ž˜ (3)๋ฒˆ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ) ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋””๋ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋””๋ฐ์ด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

(1) Change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy will go the wrong way and it may be miles before he discovers his mistakes.

In areas where traffic is composed primarily of enemy autos, trucks, and motor convoys of various kinds remove danger signals from curves and intersections.

(2) When the enemy asks for directions, give him wrong information. Especially when enemy convoys are in the neighborhood, truck drivers can spread rumors and give false information about bridges being out, ferries closed, and detours lying ahead.

(3) If you can start damage to a heavily traveled road, passing traffic and the elements will do the rest. Construction gangs can see that too much sand or water is put in concrete or that the road foundation has soft spots. Anyone can scoop ruts in asphalt and macadam roads which turn soft in hot weather; passing trucks will accentuate the ruts to a point where substantial repair will be needed. Dirt roads also can be scooped out. If you are a road laborer, it will be only a few minutes work to divert a small stream from a sluice so that it runs over and eats away the road.

(4) ๊นจ์ง„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ, ๋ชป, ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ๋Œ์„ ๋„๋กœ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ ค ํƒ€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ํŽ‘ํฌ ๋‚ด๋ผ.

(b) ์Šน๊ฐ

(1) ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ์‹œ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(c) ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ์œคํ™œ์œ 

(1) 5 b. (2) (b) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(2) ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ๋Š์–ด๋ผ. 50 ๋งˆ์ผ๋„ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฃผ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์ด ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(d) ๋ ˆ๋””์—์ดํ„ฐ

(1) 5 b. (2) (c) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(e) ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ

(1) 5 b. (2) (d) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(f) ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ ํ™”

(1) Jam bits of wood into the ignition lock; loosen or exchange connections behind the switchboard; put dirt in spark plugs; damage distributor points.

(2) Turn on the lights in parked cars so that the battery will run down.

(3) Mechanics can ruin batteries in a number of undetectable ways: Take the valve cap off a cell, and drive a screw driver slantwise into the exposed water vent, shattering the plates of the cell; no damage will show when you put the cap back on. Iron or copper filings put into the cells i.e., dropped into the acid, will greatly shorten its life. Copper coins or a few pieces of iron will accomplish the same and more slowly.

One hundred to 150 cubic centimeters of vinegar in each cell greatly reduces the life of the battery, but the odor of the vinegar may reveal what has happened.

(g) ๊ธฐ์–ด

(1) Remove the lubricant from or put too light a lubricant in the transmission and other gears.

(2) In trucks, tractors, and other machines with heavy gears, fix the gear case insecurely, putting bolts in only half the bolt holes. The gears will be badly jolted in use and will soon need repairs.

(h) ํƒ€์ด์–ด

(1) Slash or puncture tires of unguarded vehicles. Put a nail inside a match box or other small box, and set it vertically in front of the back tire of a stationary car; when the car starts off, the nail will go neatly through the tire.

(2) It is easy to damage a tire in a tire repair shop: In fixing flats, spill glass, benzine, caustic soda, or other material inside the casing which will puncture or corrode the tube. If you put a gummy substance inside the tube, the next flat will stick the tube to the casing and make it unusable. Or, when you fix a flat tire, you can simply leave between the tube and the casing the object which caused the flat in the first place.

(3) In assembling a tire after repair, pump the tube up as fast as you can. Instead of filling out smoothly, it may crease, in which case it will wear out quickly. Or, as you put a tire together, see if you can pinch the tube between the rim of the tire and the rim of the wheel, so that a blow-out will result.

(4) In putting air into tires, see that they are kept below normal pressure, so that more than an ordinary amount of wear will result. In filling tires on double wheels, inflate the inner tire to a much higher pressure than the outer one; both will wear out more quickly this way. Badly aligned wheels also wear tires out quickly; you can leave wheels out of alignment when they come in for adjustment, or you can spring them out of true with a strong kick, or by driving the car slowly and diagonally into a curb.

(5) If you have access to stocks of tires, you can rot them by spilling oil, gasoline, caustic acid, or benzine on them. Synthetic rubber, however, is less susceptible to these chemicals.

(8) ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ: ๋ฌผ

(a) ํ•ญํ•ด

(1) Barge and river boat personnel should spread false rumors about the navigability and conditions of the waterways they travel. Tell other barge and boat captains to follow channels that will take extra time, or cause them to make canal detours.

(2) Barge and river boat captains should navigate with exceeding caution near locks and bridges, to waste their time and to waste the time of other craft which may have to wait on them. If you don't pump the bilges of ships and barges often enough, they will be slower and harder to navigate. Barges "accidentally" run aground are an efficient time waster too.

(3) Attendants on swing, draw, or bascule bridges can delay traffic over the bridge or in the waterway underneath by being slow. Boat captains can leave unattended draw bridges open in order to hold up road traffic.

(4) Add or subtract compensating magnets to the compass on cargo ships. Demagnetize the compass or maladjust it by concealing a large bar of steel or iron near to it.

(b) ๋ฑƒ์ง

(1) While loading or unloading, handle cargo carelessly in order to cause damage. Arrange the cargo so that the weakest and lightest crates and boxes will be at the bottom of the hold, while the heaviest ones are on top of them.

Put hatch covers and tarpaulins on sloppily, so that rain and deck wash will injure the cargo.

Tie float valves open so that storage tanks will overflow on perishable goods.

(9) ํ†ต์‹ 

(a) ์ „ํ™”

(1) At office, hotel and exchange switch boards delay putting enemy calls through, give them wrong numbers, cut them off "accidentally," or forget to disconnect them so that the line cannot be used again.

(2) Hamper official and especially military business by making at least one telephone call a day to an enemy headquarters; when you get them, tell them you have the wrong number. Call military or police offices and make anonymous false reports of fires, air raids, bombs.

(3) In offices and buildings used by the enemy, unscrew the earphone of telephone receivers and remove the diaphragm. Electricians and telephone repair men can make poor connections and damage insulation so that cross talk and other kinds of electrical interference will make conversations hard or impossible to understand.

(4) Put the batteries under automatic switchboards out of commission by dropping nails, metal filings, or coins into the cells. If you can treat half the batteries in this way, the switchboard will stop working. A whole telephone system can be disrupted if you can put 10 percent of the cells in half the batteries of the central battery room out of order.

(b) ์ „์‹ 

(1) ์ ์ง€๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ.

(2) Garble telegrams to enemy destinations so that another telegram will have to be sent or a long distance call will have to be made. Sometimes it will be possible to do this by changing a single letter in a word -- for example, changing "minimum" to "maximum," so that the person receiving the telegram will not know whether "minimum" or "maximum" is meant.

(c) ์šด์†ก ๋ผ์ธ

(1) ์ „ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ „์‹  ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋ผ. ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ณต์„ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ ค ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ.

(d) ์šฐํŽธ

(1) ์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ ์ง์›์€ ์ ์˜ ์šฐํŽธ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ–‰๋‚ญ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(e) ์˜ํ™”

(1) ์˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ดˆ์ ์„ ํ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ์ ์˜ ์„ ์ „ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2) ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ณ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์นจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์žก๋‹ด์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ ์˜ ์„ ์ „ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ๋‚˜๋ฐฉ 20 ~ 30 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ด๋ฐฑ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์  ์„ ์ „ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์ƒ์˜์„ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ด๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์˜ ๋นˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์€ ๋’ค ์—ด์–ด๋‘์–ด๋ผ. ๋‚˜๋ฐฉ๋“ค์ด ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด ํŽ„๋Ÿญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(f) ๋ผ๋””์˜ค

(1) ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์†ก์ถœ์„ ๊ณผ๋‹ค ๋ณ€์กฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ์˜ ์„ ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์†œ์ด๋ถˆ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์ž…์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„์„ ๋„ฃ์€์ฑ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2) In your own apartment building, you can interfere with radio reception at times when the enemy wants everybody to listen. Take an electric light plug off the end of an electric light cord; take some wire out of the cord and tie it across two terminals of a two-prong plug or three terminals of a four-prong plug. Then take it around and put it into as many wall and floor outlets as you can find. Each time you insert the plug into a new circuit, you will blow out a fuse and silence all radios running on power from that circuit until a new fuse is put in.

(3) ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์ž ์žฅ๋น„์ด๋“  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์›ƒ์ง‘, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋„ค์˜จ์‚ฌ์ธ, ํ˜•๊ด‘๋“ฑ, ์—‘์Šค๋ ˆ์ด ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์†ก์ „์„  ๋“ฑ์— ๋ฌด์„  ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์  ๋น„ํ–‰์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๊ณ ์••์„ ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์ด ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(10) ์ „๋ ฅ

(a) ํ„ฐ๋นˆ, ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ

(1) 5 b. (2) (e), (f), (g) ์ฐธ๊ณ .

(b) ์†ก์ „ ์„ ๋กœ

(1) Linesmen can loosen and dirty insulators to cause power leakage. It will be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of very heavy string several times back and forth between two parallel transmission lines, winding it several turns around the wire each time. Beforehand, the string should be heavily saturated with salt and then dried. When it rains, the string becomes a conductor, and a short-circuit will result.

(11) ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„์„ญ

(a) ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ํšŒ์˜

(1) ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ "์ฑ„๋„"์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

(2) "์—ฐ์„ค"์„ ํ•˜๋ผ. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์ฃผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ. ๊ธด ์ผํ™”์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ "์š”์ "์„ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ "์• ๊ตญ์ " ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ.

(3) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด "์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ ค"๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ - ์ ˆ๋Œ€ 5๋ช…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋จ - ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ผ.

(4) ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ผ.

(5) ๋ณด๋„๋ฌธ, ์˜์‚ฌ๋ก, ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์ถฐ๋ณด๋ผ.

(6) ์ง€๋‚œ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ผ.

(7) "์กฐ์‹ฌ"ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ผ. "ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ "์ด ๋˜์–ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜ ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ "ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ "์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ชฐ์•„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋ผ.

(8) ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋“  ๊ทธ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด๋ผ. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ด€ํ•  ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ˆ™๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์œ„ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ƒ์ถฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ผ.

(b) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋…์ž

(1) ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ผ.

(2) ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ "์˜คํ•ด"ํ•˜๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ ์—†์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธด ์„œ์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋ผ. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ๋ง์„ ์จ๋ผ.

(3) ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.

(4) ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๋„ ์ „์ฒด ์ค‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ˜„์žฌ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.

(5) ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ผ. ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ผ. ์ €๊ธ‰ ์ž์žฌ๋Š” ์ €๊ธ‰ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(6) ์ž‘์—… ํ• ๋‹น ์‹œ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ค˜๋ผ. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋ณผํ’ˆ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ ฅ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ.

(7) ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘ ๋ถ€๋ ค๋ผ. ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด๋ผ. ๋งจ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ.

(8) ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ž์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์žฅ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๋„๋ก ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ง€์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(9) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(10) ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์‹ค๋ ฅ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ƒฅํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์‹œ์ผœ๋ผ. ์‹ค๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋ผ.

(11) ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋•Œ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๋ผ.

(12) ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค๋ผ. ์„œ๋ฅ˜์ฒ ์„ ์ค‘๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ.

(13) ์ง€์นจ ๋ฐœํ–‰, ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค๋ผ. ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ฉด ๋์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด ์Šน์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ.

(14) ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋นผ๋†“์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ผ.

(c) ํšŒ์‚ฌ์›

(1) ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‹€๋ ค๋ผ. ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค๋ผ. ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ผ.

(2) ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(3) ์ค‘์š” ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ฒ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(4) ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ.

(5) ์ƒ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ผ.

(6) ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐํŽธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋ผ.

(7) ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ„์žฅ๋œ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ ค๋ผ.

(d) ์ข…์—…์›

(1) ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ผํ•ด๋ผ. ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๋ผ: ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ง์น˜ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํฐ ๋ Œ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ Œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํž˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.

(2) ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋ผ: ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ํŽ€์น˜๋จธ์‹  ์œ„์—์„œ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘ ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผํ•  ๋•Œ, ์“ธ ๋ฐ ์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ผ. ์ ˆ๋‹จ ์ž‘์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ผ. ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์“ธ ๋ฐ ์—†์ด ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋ผ. ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ.

(3) ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„, ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ง€์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(4) ์ง€์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ ๋” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ผ. ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์“ธ๋ฐ ์—†๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ›ผ๋ฐฉ ๋†“์•„๋ผ.

(5) ์ž‘์—…์„ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋’ค ๋‚˜์œ ๋„๊ตฌ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„ ํƒ“์„ ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚ด ์ผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋ผ.

(6) ์‹ ์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.

(7) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ. ์–‘์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ - ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋จน์–ด - ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ผ.

(8) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ง์›์˜ ๊ณ ์ถฉ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ์„ค์„ ๋„์™€๋ผ. ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ถฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ผ.

(9) ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ผ.

(10) ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ชป์“ธ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์–ด ๋†“์•„๋ผ.

(12) ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ

(a) ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ผ.

(b) ๊ฒŒ์Šˆํƒ€ํฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ผ.

(c) ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ.

(d) ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์งœ์ฆ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹ธ์›Œ๋ผ.

(e) ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰, ์šด์†ก, ๊ตํ†ต ๊ทœ์ œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ผ.

(f) ๋Œ€์ฒด์šฉํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋ผ.

(g) ์ฃผ์ถ•๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ณ€์ ˆ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ณต์—ฐํžˆ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ผ.

(h) ์ฃผ์ถ•๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊นŒํŽ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋ผ.

(i) ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šธ๊ณ  ํ๋Š๊ปด๋ผ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์›์„ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ.

(j) ๋ณ€์ ˆ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ํ™”, ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ, ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ, ์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.

(k) ๊ตฌํ˜ธํ™œ๋™์— ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ.

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