Visualise barchart of offshore wealth, using gghighlight and ggtext to call out countries and directly label values

alstadsaeter_2018_offshore_eu_gdp_swiss.csv

be_offshore_swiss.r

# ############################################################ #
# Barchart offshore wealth BE in Swiss/non-Swiss jurisdictions #
# ############################################################ #

library(here)
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(assertr)
library(ggplot2)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(tidyr)
library(gghighlight)
library(ggtext)
library(forcats)

d_offshore_gdp_eu <-read_csv(
  file = 'alstadsaeter_2018_offshore_eu_gdp_swiss.csv', 
  col_types = cols(
    country_name_en = col_character(),
    country_name_nl = col_character(),
    offshore_total_gpd_pct = col_double(),
    offshore_swiss_gpd_pct = col_double(),
    offshore_nonswiss_gpd_pct = col_double(),
    offshore_nonswiss_caribbean_gpd_pct = col_double(),
    offshore_nonswiss_asia_gpd_pct = col_double(),
    offshore_nonswiss_eu_gpd_pct = col_double() )) %>%
  verify(dim(.) == c(33, 8))

# Get country order by %gdp offshore wealth, and order via factor()
country_order <- d_offshore_gdp_eu %>%
  arrange(desc(offshore_total_gpd_pct)) %>%
  pull(country_name_nl)

d_offshore_gdp_eu <- d_offshore_gdp_eu %>%
  arrange(offshore_total_gpd_pct) %>%
  mutate(country_name_nl_f = factor(
    country_name_nl, 
    levels = rev(country_order)))


# Construct barchart 
# ------------------

p_offshore_gdp_eu_be <- d_offshore_gdp_eu %>%
  select(country_name_nl_f, offshore_swiss_gpd_pct, 
         offshore_nonswiss_gpd_pct) %>%
  
  mutate(country_name_nl_f = fct_recode(  # Recode factor level for Belgium with markdown '**' to 
    country_name_nl_f,                    #  bold the label using element_markdown().
    `**België**` = 'België')) %>%  
  
  pivot_longer(
    cols = offshore_swiss_gpd_pct:offshore_nonswiss_gpd_pct, 
    names_to = 'offshore_location', 
    values_to = 'gdp_pct') %>%
  
  ggplot(aes(
    x = gdp_pct, 
    y = country_name_nl_f, 
    group = offshore_location, fill = offshore_location))


p_offshore_gdp_eu_be <- p_offshore_gdp_eu_be +
  geom_bar(stat = 'identity') +
  gghighlight(
    country_name_nl_f == '**België**', # highlight Belgium, with bolded label
    unhighlighted_params = list(       # Do not "unhighlight" the rest by greying out, 
      color = NULL,                    #  but keep color (set to NULL) and 
      fill = NULL,                     #  adjust alpha for non-highlighted countries
      alpha = 0.3)) +                  #  instead to make them less prominent.
  scale_x_continuous(
    labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1), 
    breaks = c(0, .10, .174, .30)) + # explicitly indicate 17,3% for Belgium
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = 'Set1', direction = -1)

p_offshore_gdp_eu_be <- p_offshore_gdp_eu_be +
  theme_ipsum_rc() +
  theme(
    legend.position = 'none',
    panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),     # Remove grid lines
    panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_markdown(           # Move y-axis tick labels (country names) 
      margin=margin(r=-15)),                  #  closer to start of the bars, and adjust
    plot.title = element_markdown(            #  the (sub)title accordingly (+15pt).
      padding = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 15), "pt")),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(         
      family = 'Roboto Condensed',            # Switch to Roboto Condensed, as you can't bold 
      padding = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 15), "pt")))  #   the default Roboto Light

p_offshore_gdp_eu_be <- p_offshore_gdp_eu_be +
  labs(
    title = 'Belgische rijken zijn mee EU-koploper in het<br>gebruik van (Zwitserse) belastingsparadijzen',
    subtitle = 'Vermogen per Europees land dat zich <strong style="color:#E41A1C">in Zwitserland</strong> en <strong style="color:#377EB8">in niet-Zwitserse</strong><br>belastingsparadijzen bevindt, als percentage van het BBP.',
    caption = 'Bron: Alstadsæter, Johannesen & Zucman (2018) • Visualisatie: @hermansm • Denktank Minerva.',
    y = NULL, x = NULL ) 

# annotate graph with text box with styled text using ggtext, and an arrow from 
#  the text box to the observation row for Belgium.
p_offshore_gdp_eu_be <- p_offshore_gdp_eu_be +
  annotate("curve", x = 0.23, y = 17, xend = 0.175, yend = 31, 
           colour = "grey80", size=.4, alpha=1, 
           arrow=arrow(length = unit(8, 'pt'), type = 'closed')) +
  annotate(
    geom='richtext', fill = 'white', label.color = 'grey80', x=0.22, y=17, 
    family = 'Roboto Condensed',
    label='Een vermogen ter waarde van **17,4%** van het<br>Belgisch BBP bevindt zich in belastingsparadijzen,<br>
    waarvan <strong style="color:#E41A1C">10,4% in Zwitserland</strong> en<br>
    <strong style="color:#377EB8">7% in overige belastingsparadijzen</strong>.')


ggsave(
  'barchart_offshore_gdp_eu_be_nl.png', 
  p_offshore_gdp_eu_be, width = 8, height = 8,
  bg = 'white') # set background to be white, otherwise theme defaults will make it transparent here.