Simple method to rasterize a shapefile using the raster package in R

RasterizeShapefile.R

library(raster)

## grab US counties shapefile in Oregon
shp <- shapefile("C:/Users/mweber/Temp/OR_counties.shp")

## no dropping of projection metadata
r <- raster(shp,nrows=100,ncols=150)

r <- rasterize(shp,r,fun="first")
plot(shp,axes=TRUE,border="grey")
plot(r,add=TRUE)
projection(r)

I would suggest st_rasterize in the stars package now rather than rasterize in raster package - https://r-spatial.github.io/stars/reference/st_rasterize.html. I just ran on an sf linestring feature collection of 6000+ features and it rasterized in .17 seconds (of course depends on desired raster resolution....)