git stash : 'stashes' away the work youve done since the latest commit -"HEAD"
git stash -apply : takes the latest stash from the stash list and applies it to the local working tree state, this does NOT remove the stash from the stash list, like pop
git shortlog : similar to git log, but will create a less verbose summary of the commit history - does not show actual commit IDs, only commit messages!
git commit --amend : Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new commit - message from the last commit is used as the starting point
git reset -- hard: resets the current branch to a earlier commit - AND discards any changes that are staged for commit
git reset --soft: resets current branch to an earlier commit but does not disard changes staged for commit
git reset --hard HEAD~2: resets current branch to earlier 2 commits from head ~[number] indicates how many commits to revert (?)