- para -> tekstikappale
- title -> otsikko (myös osion otsikko, luvun otsikko, aihekokonaisuuden otsikko jne.)
- section -> osa, osio
- chapter -> luku
- topic -> aihekokonaisuus
- book title -> nimeke
Created
January 12, 2011 09:34
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Harjoitustehtävien esimerkkidokumentit
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | |
<!DOCTYPE prices SYSTEM "prices.dtd"> | |
<prices> | |
<book year="1992" id="b1"> | |
<title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>65.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore1.example.com</source> | |
<price>65.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.bol.com</source> | |
<price>45.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<tip> | |
<xref idref="b2" /> | |
</tip> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1994" id="b2"> | |
<title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>65.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore1.example.com</source> | |
<price>65.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<tip> | |
<xref idref="b1" /> | |
</tip> | |
</book> | |
<book year="2000" id="b3"> | |
<title>Data on the Web</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>34.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore1.example.com</source> | |
<price>39.95</price> | |
</store> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1999" id="b4"> | |
<title>The Economics of Technology and Content for Digital | |
TV</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.amazon.com</source> | |
<price>34.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.bol.com</source> | |
<price>69.95</price> | |
</store> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1982" available="no" id="b5"> | |
<title>Getting started with SGML</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.mystore.com</source> | |
<price>14.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.bol.com</source> | |
<price>45.95</price> | |
</store> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1980" available="no" id="b6"> | |
<title>Drawbacks of procedural markup</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>25.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<tip> | |
<xref idref="b5" /> | |
</tip> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1950" available="no" id="b7"> | |
<title>Lords of the Ring</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore1.example.com</source> | |
<price>55.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>65.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore3.example.com</source> | |
<price>25.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.bol.com</source> | |
<price>45.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.amazon.com</source> | |
<price>55.95</price> | |
</store> | |
</book> | |
<book year="2003" id="b8"> | |
<title>XQuery from the experts</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>55.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.amazon.com</source> | |
<price>50.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<tip> | |
<xref idref="b9" /> | |
</tip> | |
</book> | |
<book year="1999" id="b9"> | |
<title>XSLT: programmers reference</title> | |
<store> | |
<source>bstore2.example.com</source> | |
<price>35.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<store> | |
<source>www.amazon.com</source> | |
<price>40.95</price> | |
</store> | |
<tip> | |
<xref idref="b8" /> | |
<xref idref="b5" /> | |
</tip> | |
</book> | |
</prices> |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | |
<!DOCTYPE report SYSTEM "report.dtd"> | |
<report> | |
<title>Getting started with SGML</title> | |
<chapter number="1"> | |
<title>The business challenge</title> | |
<author> | |
<last>Stevens</last> | |
<first>W.</first> | |
</author> | |
<intro> | |
<para>With the ever-changing and growing global market, | |
companies and large organizations are searching for ways to | |
become more viable and competitive. Downsizing and other | |
cost-cutting measures demand more efficient use of corporate | |
resources. One very important resource is an organization's | |
information.</para> | |
<para>As part of the move toward integrated information | |
management, whole industries are developing and implementing | |
standards for exchanging technical information. This report | |
describes how one such standard, the Standard Generalized | |
Markup Language (SGML), works as part of an overall | |
information management strategy.</para> | |
<graphic graphname="infoflow" /> | |
</intro> | |
</chapter> | |
<chapter number="2"> | |
<title>Getting to know SGML</title> | |
<author> | |
<last>Stevens</last> | |
<first>W.</first> | |
</author> | |
<intro> | |
<para>While SGML is a fairly recent technology, the use of | |
<emph>markup</emph>in computer-generated documents has | |
existed for a while.</para> | |
</intro> | |
<section shorttitle="What is markup?"> | |
<title>What is markup, or everything you always wanted to | |
know about document preparation but were afraid to | |
ask?</title> | |
<intro> | |
<para>Markup is everything in a document that is not | |
content. The traditional meaning of markup is the manual | |
<emph>marking</emph>up of typewritten text to give | |
instructions for a typesetter or compositor about how to | |
fit the text on a page and what typefaces to use. This kind | |
of markup is known as | |
<emph>procedural markup</emph>.</para> | |
</intro> | |
<topic id="top1" number="1"> | |
<title>Procedural markup</title> | |
<keyword>Markup</keyword> | |
<para security="u">Most electronic publishing systems today | |
use some form of procedural markup. Procedural markup codes | |
are good for one presentation of the information.</para> | |
</topic> | |
<topic id="top2" number="2"> | |
<title>Generic markup</title> | |
<keyword>Markup</keyword> | |
<para>Generic markup (also known as descriptive markup) | |
describes the | |
<emph>purpose</emph>of the text in a document. A basic | |
concept of generic markup is that the content of a document | |
must be separate from the style. Generic markup allows for | |
multiple presentations of the information.</para> | |
</topic> | |
<topic id="top3" number="3"> | |
<title>Drawbacks of procedural markup</title> | |
<keyword>Markup</keyword> | |
<para security="u">Industries involved in technical | |
documentation increasingly prefer generic over | |
<emph>procedural</emph>markup schemes. When a company | |
changes software or hardware systems, enormous data | |
translation tasks arise, often resulting in errors.</para> | |
</topic> | |
</section> | |
<section shorttitle="What is SGML?"> | |
<title>What | |
<emph>is</emph>SGML in the grand scheme of the universe, | |
anyway?</title> | |
<intro> | |
<para>SGML defines a strict markup scheme with a syntax for | |
defining document data elements and an overall framework | |
for marking up documents.</para> | |
<para>SGML can describe and create documents that are not | |
dependent on any hardware, software, formatter, or | |
operating system. Since SGML documents conform to an | |
international standard, they are portable.</para> | |
</intro> | |
</section> | |
<section shorttitle="How does SGML work?"> | |
<title>How is SGML and would you recommend it to your | |
grandmother?</title> | |
<intro> | |
<para>You can break a typical document into three layers: | |
structure, content, and style. SGML works by separating | |
these three aspects and deals mainly with the relationship | |
between structure and content.</para> | |
</intro> | |
<topic id="top4" number="4"> | |
<title>Structure</title> | |
<keyword>DTD</keyword> | |
<para>At the heart of an SGML application is a file called | |
the DTD, or Document Type Definition. The DTD sets up the | |
structure of a document, much like a database schema | |
describes the types of information it handles.</para> | |
<para security="u">A database schema also defines the | |
relationships between the various types of data. Similarly, | |
a DTD specifies | |
<emph>rules</emph>to help ensure documents have a | |
consistent, logical structure.</para> | |
</topic> | |
<topic id="top5" number="5"> | |
<title>Content</title> | |
<keyword>Markup</keyword> | |
<para>Content is the information itself. The method for | |
identifying the information and its meaning within this | |
framework is called | |
<emph>tagging</emph>. Tagging must conform to the rules | |
established in the DTD (see | |
<xref idref="top4" />).</para> | |
<graphic graphname="tagexamp" /> | |
</topic> | |
<topic id="top6" number="6"> | |
<title>Style</title> | |
<para>SGML does not standardize style or other processing | |
methods for information stored in SGML.</para> | |
</topic> | |
</section> | |
</chapter> | |
<chapter number="3"> | |
<title>Resources</title> | |
<author> | |
<last>Abiteboul</last> | |
<first>Serge</first> | |
</author> | |
<author> | |
<last>Buneman</last> | |
<first>Peter</first> | |
</author> | |
<author> | |
<last>Suciu</last> | |
<first>Dan</first> | |
</author> | |
<section> | |
<title>Conferences, tutorials, and training</title> | |
<intro> | |
<para>The Graphic Communications Association has been | |
instrumental in the development of SGML. conferences, | |
tutorials, newsletters, and for both members and | |
non-members.</para> | |
<para security="c">Exiled members of the Union's secret | |
police, the KGB, have infiltrated the upper ranks of the | |
GCA and are planning the Final Revolution as soon as DSSSL | |
is completed.</para> | |
</intro> | |
</section> | |
</chapter> | |
</report> |
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