a - Create Django Project

# To install virtual environment in the system
py -m pip install --user virtualenv

# To check the current version of the virtual environment
py -m pip --version
  # for linux
  python -m pip --version

# creating the virtual environment
virtualenv -p python3 virtual_environment_name
  # for linux
  virtualenv --python python3 venv
  
# activating the virtual environment
virtual_environment_name\Scripts\activate
  # for linux
  source venv/bin/activate
  
# installing django framework for the virtual environment
pip install django

# creating a django project
django-admin startproject project_name .

# To run the django server
python manage.py runserver

b - Creating-app

# Creating a new application inside the project
django-admin startapp app_name

# Move to the settings.py
--->Go to the settings.py file.

# Insert your applictaion name
--->Paste you app name in the INSTALLED_APPS

For Example:

# Example
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app_name',
]

c - URLS-and-Views

-->Go to the urls.py file of the project_name directory

1. URLS
project_name/urls.py

# Importing views
--> from app_name import views

# add path
--> Add path('', views.function_name),

2. Views
app_name/views.py

# Add below code
from django.http import HttpResponse

def function_name(request):
  return HttpResponse("abc")

d - Models

class TableName(models.Model):
    field_name_1 = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=False, blank=False)
    field_name_2 = models.TextField()
    field_name_3 = models.ForeignKey(ForeignTableName1, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    field_name_4 = models.ForeignKey(ForeignTableName2, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1)
    field_name_5 = models.TextField(default="")
    field_name_6 = models.FileField(upload_to=None, max_length=254)
    field_name_7 = models.ImageField(upload_to='folder_name/images', null=True, blank=True, default='image = models.ImageField(upload_to='bev_dish_uploads/images', null=True, blank=True, default='http://www.dar-elweb.com/demos/zarest/assets/img/tableB4.svg')')
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
# install Pillow for images and files
pip install Pillow

# Helps to detect the changes to your models
python manage.py makemigartions

# To applying or unapplying as per migrations
python manage.py migrate



# Go to the admins.py file
# Add below lines
from app_name.models import ModelName1, Model2/from app_name.models import *

admin.site.register(ModelName1)

# Create a django user
python manage.py createsuperuser

e - static and media

1. -->Go to the project_name folder add two folders named "static" as well as "media" folders

2. # add os in setting.py file
    import os


3. # Add below the STATIC_URL = '/static/'

    MEDIA_URL="/media/"
    MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"media")

    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
    ]

3. # Go the the static folder
    --> Paste all the css, js, images and others folder

4. # Make a folder under templates/app_name
    --> paste the html code

5. # Add the below code at the top of the html file
    {% load static %}

6. # Add the static
    {% static '/folder_name/folder_name/file_name.css' %}
    
    Example:
    {% static '/assets/css/style.css' %}

7. # In urls.py
    from django.conf.urls.static import static
    from django.urls import include
    from project_name import settings

    urlpatterns = [
      path()
    ]+static(settings.MEDIA_URL,document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

f - templates-One Method

-->Go to the project_name folder add a new folder named "templates" folder

--> Go to the setting.py file
    Check the import os

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        # add this
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
     }
     
     # Add a folder inline of main project folder as templates
     # create another folder named app_name under templates folder
     # create html_file_name.html inside the app_name folder

g - render html file

-->Go to the urls.py file of the project_name directory

1. URLS
project_name/urls.py

# Importing views
--> from app_name import views

# add path
--> Add path('', views.function_name),

# defing function
def function_name(request):
  # return type
  # render takes parameters
  return render(request, "app_name/html_file_name.html")

h - rendering in templates

1. --> Go to the views.py in the app_name folder 
from .models import *

def function_name(request):
  conxtext_name = ModelName.objects.all()
  return render(request, "app_name/html_file_name.html", {'conxtext_name':conxtext_name})


---------------OR------------------------------

def function_name(request):
	context_name = ModelName.objects.all()
	context_name = ModelName.objects.all()
  
  context = {'context_name':context_name, 'context_name':context_name}

	return render(request, 'app_name/html_file_name.html', context)


2. --> Go to the html_file.html

#add below code

{% for i in conxtext_name %}
<tr>
    <td>{{i.field_name1}}</td>
    <td>{{i.field_name2}}</td>
    <td>{{i.image_field.url}}</td> #Display image field
</tr>
{% endfor %}

i - Auto Serial Number in templates

# Go to the html_file_name.html

# Add below code
{% for item in items %}
<tr>
  <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
</tr>

j - Dyamic URLS

Three Types: a. Integer b. String c. Slug

1. urls.py
  from django.contrib import admin
  from django.urls import path
  from project_name import views

  urlpatterns = [
      path('course/', views.course),
      path('course/<int:courseid>', views.courseDetails), #Integer
      path('courses/<str:courseid>', views.courseDetails), #String
      path('coursess/<slug:courseid>', views.courseDetails), #Slug
      path('coursess/<courseid>', views.courseDetails), #All Types
  ]

2. views.py
  def courseDetails(request, courseid):
    return HttpResponse(courseid)

j. Nepal Time Zone

# Go to the settings.py file
# Set as below code
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Kathmandu'

k - Multi Language

Go to the SETTING.py
Add below code in the MIDDLEWARE
    --> 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware'

Add below code in the Internationalization

LANGUAGES = [
      ('en', _('English')),
      ('ne', _('Nepali')),
      ]

   #LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

import os
  LOCALE_PATHS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'locale'),
  )

Installation
 -->  pip install python-gettext

k - Unique Slug

# Add in models
  from hotel_restro.utils import unique_slug_generator
  from django.db.models.signals import pre_save

  class ModelName(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)

  def slug_generator(sender, instance, *args, **kwargs):
    if not instance.slug:
      instance.slug=unique_slug_generator(instance)

  pre_save.connect(slug_generator, sender=ModelName)
  
  
  # Make a utils.py file inside the project folder (Hints: At the same line of settings.py file)
  import random
  import string

  from django.utils.text import slugify


  def random_string_generator(size=10, chars=string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits):
      return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))


  def unique_slug_generator(instance, new_slug=None):
      """
      This is for a Django project and it assumes your instance
      has a model with a slug field and a title character (char) field.
      """
      if new_slug is not None:
          slug = new_slug
      else:
          slug = slugify(instance.title)

      Klass = instance.__class__
      qs_exists = Klass.objects.filter(slug=slug).exists()
      if qs_exists:
          new_slug = "{slug}-{randstr}".format(
              slug=slug,
              randstr=random_string_generator(size=4)
          )
          return unique_slug_generator(instance, new_slug=new_slug)
      return slug
      
# urls.py
  path('path/<slug:slug_text>', views.function_name),
  
# views.py file
  def function_name(request):
    context_name = ModelName.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'app_name/html_file_name.html', {'context_name': context_name})

  def table_details(request, slug_text):
    query = ModelName.objects.filter(slug=slug_text)
    if query.exists():
      query = query.first()
    else:
      # return HttpResponse('bac');
      return render(request, 'app_name/html_file_name.html')
    context_name = ModelName.objects.all()
    # return HttpResponse('bac');
    return render(request, 'restro_app/html_file_name.html', {'context_name': context_name})
    
# In html file
  <a href="/app_name/{{ i.slug }}" class="btn btn-secondary" role="button" data-bs-toggle="button">Details</a>

k. CRUD using Ajax and Json with Form

a

z - packages

asgiref==3.5.1
certifi==2021.10.8
cffi==1.15.0
charset-normalizer==2.0.12
coreapi==2.3.3
coreschema==0.0.4
cryptography==37.0.2
defusedxml==0.7.1
Django==4.0.4
django-allauth==0.51.0
django-ckeditor==6.4.1
django-cors-headers==3.12.0
django-countries==7.3.2
django-crispy-forms==1.14.0
django-debug-toolbar==3.4.0
django-filter==21.1
django-js-asset==2.0.0
django-templated-mail==1.1.1
djangorestframework==3.13.1
djangorestframework-simplejwt==4.8.0
djoser==2.1.0
drf-yasg==1.20.0
idna==3.3
inflection==0.5.1
itypes==1.2.0
Jinja2==3.1.2
MarkupSafe==2.1.1
oauthlib==3.2.0
packaging==21.3
Pillow==9.1.0
psycopg2-binary==2.9.3
pycparser==2.21
PyJWT==2.4.0
pyparsing==3.0.9
python-decouple==3.6
python3-openid==3.2.0
pytz==2022.1
requests==2.27.1
requests-oauthlib==1.3.1
ruamel.yaml==0.17.21
ruamel.yaml.clib==0.2.6
six==1.16.0
social-auth-app-django==4.0.0
social-auth-core==4.2.0
sqlparse==0.4.2
typing_extensions==4.2.0
uritemplate==4.1.1
urllib3==1.26.9