- Use xf86-input-mtrack
Debian Jessie (w/ gnome3) uses the "synaptics" xf86 input module as a default. It is very precise but doesn't support "resting thumb" behaviour that you're used to from OSX.
xf86-input-mtrack is an enhancement of xf86-input-multitouch which is configurable. I built it from source from here: https://github.com/BlueDragonX/xf86-input-mtrack But i see that it's also in the debian package repo. So you probably only need to do:
sudo aptitude install xserver-xorg-input-mtrack
I created an override config in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf (create the directory if it doesn't exist) which looks like this:
Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad catchall"
Driver "mtrack"
MatchIsTouchpad "on"
Option "Sensitivity" "0.2" # fixes jerky motion. crank up mouse pointer acceleration in gnome settings to accomodate for higher speed.
Option "IgnoreThumb" "true" # ignore resting thumb
Option "ClickFinger1" "1" # click with thumb+resting index finger = left mouse button
Option "ClickFinger2" "3" # click with thumb+2 fingers = right mouse button
EndSection
Restart X:
sudo pkill X
On my Ubuntu 16.10 xorg.conf.d is present in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/