Python Calculator Demonstrating Classes with Inheritance and Polymorphism

python_classes.py

# Define a class called Calculator to encapsulate arithmetic operations
import math

class Calculator:
    """
    Initializes the object with the given var_x and var_y values.

    Parameters:
    var_x (int): The value for the var_x coordinate.
    var_y (int): The value for the var_y coordinate.
    """
    # Initialize the class with default parameters
    def __init__(self, var_x, var_y):

        self.var_x = var_x  # First operand
        self.var_y = var_y  # Second operand

    # Method to add two numbers
    def add(self):
        return self.var_x + self.var_y

    # Method to subtract two numbers
    def subtract(self):
        return self.var_x - self.var_y

    # Method to multiply two numbers
    def multiply(self):
        return self.var_x * self.var_y

    def divide(self):
        if self.var_y == 0:
            return "Cannot divide by zero"
        return self.var_x / self.var_y

# Define a subclass called AdvancedCalculator that inherits from Calculator
class AdvancedCalculator(Calculator):
    # Method to divide two numbers, demonstrating polymorphism by overriding the parent class method
    def divide(self):
        if self.var_y == 0:
            return "Cannot divide by zero, obviously"
        return self.var_x / self.var_y

    # Evar_xtending the add method from the parent class
    def add(self):
      # Calling the parent class's add method
        result = super().add()
        # Returning the square root of the sum
        return math.sqrt(result)


    # Method to calculate the power of var_x raised to var_y
    def power(self):
        return self.var_x ** self.var_y

# Create an instance of Calculator
calc1 = Calculator(5, 3)

# Use the methods of Calculator
print(calc1.add())  # Output: 8
print(calc1.subtract())  # Output: 2
print(calc1.multiply())  # Output: 15
print(calc1.divide())  # Output: 1.666...

calc3 = Calculator(5, 0)

# Use the methods of Calculator
print(calc3.divide())  # Output: Cannot divide by zero
print(calc3.add())  # Output: 5

# Create an instance of AdvancedCalculator
# Note that AdvancedCalculator inherits from Calculator
# Note that AdvancedCalculator's add method overrides the parent class
calc2 = AdvancedCalculator(5, 3)

print('- AdvancedCalculator starts here:')

# Use the methods of AdvancedCalculator, demonstrating inheritance
print(calc2.add())  # Output: 2.828.. (specific to AdvancedCalculator)
print(calc2.divide())  # Output: 1.666...
print(calc2.power())  # Output: 125 (specific to AdvancedCalculator)

calc4 = AdvancedCalculator(5, 0)
print(calc4.divide())  # Output: Cannot divide by zero, obviously (specific to AdvancedCalculator)