mrtonyhuynh/windows-11-cheatsheet.md

## windows-11-cheatsheet.md

      
    Raw
  

              windows-11-cheatsheet.md
            
          
Windows 11 Cheatsheet


⚠️ All scripts in this document should be executed in Windows Powershell as Administrator.


Windows Defender ignore list
Powershell
Mount network shares
WinGet (Windows Package Manager CLI)
Universal time
Visual Studio Code
Node.js
Common commands
WSL2
Docksal (WSL2)
Edit hosts
List of ENVIRONMENT variables

Windows Defender ignore list

ForEach ($item in @(
  "${env:WINDIR}\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
  "D:\Apps"
  "E:\Install"
)) { Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (Convert-Path -Path $item) }
Powershell

Update help for powershell:
Update-Help -ErrorAction Ignore
Allow to run PS scripts:
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Mount network shares

$cred = Get-Credential -Message "Enter NAS User credentials"
$drives = @{
    B = "\\192.168.50.123\Books"
    H = "\\192.168.50.123\Homes\admin"
    M = "\\192.168.50.123\Music\Музыка"
    V = "\\192.168.50.123\Videos"
}; foreach($driveLetter in $drives.keys) {
  Remove-PSDrive -Name $driveLetter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
  New-PSDrive -Name $driveLetter -Root $drives[$driveLetter] -Persist -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Credential $cred
}
WinGet (Windows Package Manager CLI)


⚠️ Note: winget app is not available by default. App Installer app needs to be installed first (using Microsoft Store).

Search for packages
winget search <appName>
List installed apps
winget list
Update apps
winget upgrade --all
Install packages
ForEach ($item in @(
  #"SteelSeries.GG"
  #"Nvidia.GeForceExperience" 

  ###> Internet
  "AgileBits.1Password"
  "Discord.Discord"
  "Google.Chrome"
  "Mozilla.Firefox"
  "Notion.Notion"
  "qBittorrent.qBittorrent"
  "SlackTechnologies.Slack"
  "Telegram.TelegramDesktop"
  #"TorProject.TorBrowser"
  "Viber.Viber"
  "WireGuard.WireGuard"
  #"Cloudflare.Warp" # CloudFlare's VPN
  #"tailscale.tailscale"
  #"Transmission.Transmission"
  ###< Internet

  ###> System
  "7zip.7zip"
  "CrystalDewWorld.CrystalDiskInfo"
  "CrystalDewWorld.CrystalDiskMark"
  "CrystalRich.LockHunter"
  "Implbits.HashTab"
  "REALiX.HWiNFO" # Hardware Analysis, Monitoring and Reporting
  "Rufus.Rufus"
  "Synology.DriveClient"
  "TeamViewer.TeamViewer"
  "WinDirStat.WinDirStat"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseRegistryCleaner"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseProgramUninstaller"
  #"WiseCleaner.WiseDiskCleaner"
  #"HermannSchinagl.LinkShellExtension"
  #"Piriform.CCleaner"
  #"Piriform.Defraggler"
  #"Piriform.Recuva"
  #"Piriform.Speccy"
  ###< System

  ###> Media
  "CodecGuide.K-LiteCodecPack.Mega"
  "HandBrake.HandBrake" # Video converter
  "XnSoft.XnViewMP"
  #"VideoLAN.VLC"
  ###< Media

  ###> Runtimes, language interpriters
  "Microsoft.OpenJDK.11" # LTS
  "Microsoft.VC++2015-2019Redist-x64"
  "Microsoft.VC++2015-2019Redist-x86"
  "OpenJS.NodeJS.LTS"
  "Python.Python.3"
  #"AdoptOpenJDK.OpenJDK.11" # LTS
  ###< Runtimes, language interpriters

  ###> Developer tools, editors, IDEs
  "Git.Git"
  "JetBrains.Toolbox"
  "Microsoft.VisualStudioCode"
  #"Amazon.AWSCLI"
  #"Amazon.SAM-CLI"
  #"Docker.DockerDesktop"
  #"GitHub.cli"
  #"SublimeHQ.SublimeMerge"
  #"SublimeHQ.SublimeText.4"
  ###< Developer tools, editors, IDEs

  ###> Games
  #"EpicGames.EpicGamesLauncher"
  #"Libretro.RetroArch"
  #"Valve.Steam"
  ###< Games

  ###> Office
  "LibreOffice.LibreOffice"
  "TrackerSoftware.PDF-XChangeEditor"
  ###< Office
)) { winget install --id $item --accept-source-agreements }
Universal time

For fixing incorrect time in Windows with dual-boot installed linux, import following to registry:
Enable:
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" -Name "RealTimeIsUniversal" -Type DWord -Value 1
Disable:
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation" -Name "RealTimeIsUniversal" -Type DWord -Value 0


Visual Studio Code

Install using winget
winget install Microsoft.VisualStudioCode
Use config from my dotfiles repo:
Invoke-WebRequest https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alexander-danilenko/dotfiles/main/.config/Code/User/settings.json -OutFile "${env:APPDATA}\Code\User\settings.json"
Following command installs code extensions by extension id:
ForEach ($extension in @(
    "acarreiro.calculate"                # Calculates inline math expr
    "amazonwebservices.aws-toolkit-vscode" # AWS toolkit
    "christian-kohler.path-intellisense" # File path autocomplete
    "coenraads.bracket-pair-colorizer"   # Bracket Pair Colorizer
    "dakara.transformer"                 # Filter, Sort, Unique, Reverse, Align, CSV, Line Selection, Text Transformations and Macros
    "editorconfig.editorconfig"          # EditorConfig support
    "esbenp.prettier-vscode"             # Prettier - Code formatter
    "golang.go"                          # Golang support
    "hookyqr.beautify"                   # HTML/JSON beautifier
    "mhutchie.git-graph"                 # Git graph
    "mikestead.dotenv"                   # .env support
    "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker"        # Docker support
    "ms-python.python"                   # Python support
    "ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh"        # SSH support 
    "tommasov.hosts"                     # Hosts file syntax highlighter.
    "tyriar.lorem-ipsum"                 # Lorem Ipsum generator
    "william-voyek.vscode-nginx"         # nginx.conf support
    "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one"         # Markdown tools
    #"alefragnani.Bookmarks"             # Bookmarks
    #"TabNine.tabnine-vscode"            # AI-assisted autocomplete

    # Node/NPM/Yarn specific extensions
    "christian-kohler.npm-intellisense" # NPM better autocomplete
    "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint"           # Eslint support
    "mariusschulz.yarn-lock-syntax"    # yarn.lock syntax highlight

    # PHP/Drupal specific extensions
    "ikappas.composer" # Composer support
    "ikappas.phpcs"    # PHP CodeSniffer

    # Themes
    "github.github-vscode-theme"    # GitHub color theme
    "pkief.material-icon-theme"     # Material Icon Theme
    "rokoroku.vscode-theme-darcula" # JetBrains-like theme.
)) { code --install-extension $extension --force }


Node.js

Install node:
winget install --id OpenJS.NodeJS.LTS

⚠️ NOTE: Before installing npm packages you need to restart terminal!

NPM global packages:
$packages=@(
  "bower"
  "dynamodb-admin" # Handy Web-UI for viewing local DynamoDB data
  "eslint"
  "eslint-config-airbnb"
  "eslint-config-google"
  "eslint-config-standard"
  "eslint-plugin-import"
  "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y"
  "eslint-plugin-node"
  "eslint-plugin-promise"
  "eslint-plugin-react"
  "eslint-plugin-react-hooks"
  "firebase-tools"
  "flow"
  "flow-bin"
  "gulp"
  "http-server"
  "lsp"
  "snyk"
  "typescript"
  "vscode-css-languageserver-bin"
  "vscode-html-languageserver-bin"
  "yarn"
); npm install -g $packages
Common commands


Action
Command


Disable password prompt on windows load
netplwiz


Reset DNS
ipconfig /flushdns; netsh winsock reset


WSL2

Enable WSL (Windows Subsystem Linux) and set WSL2 as the default.
wsl --install
wsl --set-default-version 2
List all available to install distros:
wsl --list --online

⚠️ NOTE: After WSL installation and before installing any distro you need to reboot!

Install distros:
wsl --install --distribution Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --install --distribution Debian
List installed versions:
wsl --list --verbose

Get distro ip address:
wsl --distribution Ubuntu-20.04 --exec ip route list default
✨ Check out my Ubuntu Cheatsheet.
Docksal (WSL2)


⚠️ Make sure you have WSLv2 engine used for Ubuntu distro by running wsl --list --verbose. VERSION should be 2.

Run Windows Terminal, open Ubuntu terminal tab.
Install docker using docker repos (run in Ubuntu shell):
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg && \
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null && \
sudo apt update && \
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-compose

Add current user to docker user group (run in Ubuntu shell):
sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER" && \
newgrp docker

Install Docksal (run in Ubuntu shell):
bash <(curl -fsSL https://get.docksal.io) && \
fin config set --global DOCKSAL_VHOST_PROXY_IP=127.0.0.1 && \
fin config set --global DOCKSAL_DNS_DOMAIN=docksal.site && \
fin system reset vhost-proxy
Grab WSL Distro IP (run in Ubuntu shell):
ip route list default
Add all projects to windows hosts using WSL distro IP.
Backup

$backupDate=$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_HHmm')
$dirs=@{
  $env:USERNAME = $env:USERPROFILE
  APPDATA = $env:APPDATA
}; foreach ($key in $dirs.GetEnumerator()) {
  $backupDir=$($key.Value)
  $backupType=$($key.Name)
  $archiveName="${backupDate}_${backupType}.zip"

  Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow "Archiving '$backupDir' to '$archiveName'..."
  Compress-Archive $backupDir -Force -CompressionLevel NoCompression -DestinationPath $archiveName
  Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green "Archive created: $archiveName"
}
pause
Edit hosts

code %SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
List of ENVIRONMENT variables

See table


Variable
Volatile (Read-Only)
Default value assuming the system drive is C:


ALLUSERSPROFILE

C:\ProgramData


APPDATA

C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming


CD
Y
The current directory (string).


ClientName
Y
Terminal servers only - the ComputerName of a remote host.


CMDEXTVERSION
Y
The current Command Processor Extensions version number. (NT = "1", Win2000+ = "2".)


CMDCMDLINE
Y
The original command line that invoked the Command Processor.


CommonProgramFiles

C:\Program Files\Common Files


COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)

C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files


COMPUTERNAME

{computername}


COMSPEC

C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe or if running a 32 bit WOW - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe


DATE
Y
The current date using same region specific format as DATE.


ERRORLEVEL
Y
The current ERRORLEVEL value, automatically set when a program exits.


FPS_BROWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING FPS_BROWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING

Internet Explorer Default These are undocumented variables for the Edge browser in Windows 10.


HighestNumaNodeNumber
Y (hidden)
The highest NUMA node number on this computer.


HOMEDRIVE
Y
C:


HOMEPATH
Y
\Users{username}


LOCALAPPDATA

C:\Users{username}\AppData\Local


LOGONSERVER

\{domain_logon_server}


NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS
Y
The Number of processors running on the machine.


PATH
User and System
C:\Windows\System32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;{plus program paths}


PATHEXT

.COM; .EXE; .BAT; .CMD; .VBS; .VBE; .JS ; .WSF; .WSH; .MSC Determine the default executable file extensions to search for and use, and in which order, left to right. The syntax is like the PATH variable - semicolon separators.


PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE
Y
AMD64/IA64/x86 This doesn't tell you the architecture of the processor but only of the current process, so it returns "x86" for a 32 bit WOW process running on 64 bit Windows. See detecting OS 32/64 bit


PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432

=%PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% (but only available to 64 bit processes)


PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER
Y
Processor ID of the user's workstation.


PROCESSOR_LEVEL
Y
Processor level of the user's workstation.


PROCESSOR_REVISION
Y
Processor version of the user's workstation.


ProgramW6432

=%ProgramFiles%(but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)


ProgramData

C:\ProgramData


ProgramFiles

C:\Program Files or C:\Program Files (x86)


ProgramFiles(x86) 1

C:\Program Files (x86) (but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)


PROMPT

Code for current command prompt format,usually $P$G C:>


PSModulePath

%SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\


Public

C:\Users\Public


RANDOM
Y
A random integer number, anything from 0 to 32,767 (inclusive).


%SessionName%

Terminal servers only - for a terminal server session, SessionName is a combination of the connection name, followed by #SessionNumber. For a console session, SessionName returns "Console".


SYSTEMDRIVE

C:


SYSTEMROOT

By default, Windows is installed to C:\Windows but there's no guarantee of that, Windows can be installed to a different folder, or a different drive letter. systemroot is a read-only system variable that will resolve to the correct location. Defaults in early Windows versions are C:\WINNT, C:\WINNT35 and C:\WTSRV


TEMP and TMP
User Variable
C:\Users{Username}\AppData\Local\Temp Under XP this was {username}\Local Settings\Temp


TIME
Y
The current time using same format as TIME.


UserDnsDomain
Y User Variable
Set if a user is a logged on to a domain and returns the fully qualified DNS domain that the currently logged on user's account belongs to.


USERDOMAIN

{userdomain}


USERDOMAIN_roamingprofile

The user domain for RDS or standard roaming profile paths. Windows 8/10/2012 (or Windows 7/2008 with Q2664408)


USERNAME

{username}


USERPROFILE

%SystemDrive%\Users{username} This is equivalent to the $HOME environment variable in Unix/Linux


WINDIR

%windir% is a regular User variable and can be changed, which makes it less robust than %SystemRoot% Set by default as windir=%SystemRoot% %WinDir% pre-dates Windows NT, its use in many places has been replaced by the system variable: %SystemRoot%
Action	Command
Disable password prompt on windows load	`netplwiz`
Reset DNS	`ipconfig /flushdns; netsh winsock reset`
Variable	Volatile (Read-Only)	Default value assuming the system drive is C:
`ALLUSERSPROFILE`		C:\ProgramData
`APPDATA`		C:\Users{username}\AppData\Roaming
`CD`	Y	The current directory (string).
`ClientName`	Y	Terminal servers only - the ComputerName of a remote host.
`CMDEXTVERSION`	Y	The current Command Processor Extensions version number. (NT = "1", Win2000+ = "2".)
`CMDCMDLINE`	Y	The original command line that invoked the Command Processor.
`CommonProgramFiles`		C:\Program Files\Common Files
`COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)`		C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
`COMPUTERNAME`		{computername}
`COMSPEC`		C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe or if running a 32 bit WOW - C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
`DATE`	Y	The current date using same region specific format as DATE.
`ERRORLEVEL`	Y	The current ERRORLEVEL value, automatically set when a program exits.
`FPS_BROWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING` `FPS_BROWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING`		Internet Explorer Default These are undocumented variables for the Edge browser in Windows 10.
`HighestNumaNodeNumber`	Y (hidden)	The highest NUMA node number on this computer.
`HOMEDRIVE`	Y	C:
`HOMEPATH`	Y	\Users{username}
`LOCALAPPDATA`		C:\Users{username}\AppData\Local
`LOGONSERVER`		\{domain_logon_server}
`NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS`	Y	The Number of processors running on the machine.
`PATH`	User and System	C:\Windows\System32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;{plus program paths}
`PATHEXT`		.COM; .EXE; .BAT; .CMD; .VBS; .VBE; .JS ; .WSF; .WSH; .MSC Determine the default executable file extensions to search for and use, and in which order, left to right. The syntax is like the PATH variable - semicolon separators.
`PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE`	Y	AMD64/IA64/x86 This doesn't tell you the architecture of the processor but only of the current process, so it returns "x86" for a 32 bit WOW process running on 64 bit Windows. See detecting OS 32/64 bit
`PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432`		=%PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% (but only available to 64 bit processes)
`PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER`	Y	Processor ID of the user's workstation.
`PROCESSOR_LEVEL`	Y	Processor level of the user's workstation.
`PROCESSOR_REVISION`	Y	Processor version of the user's workstation.
`ProgramW6432`		=%ProgramFiles%(but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)
`ProgramData`		C:\ProgramData
`ProgramFiles`		C:\Program Files or C:\Program Files (x86)
`ProgramFiles(x86) 1`		C:\Program Files (x86) (but only available when running under a 64 bit OS)
`PROMPT`		Code for current command prompt format,usually $P$G C:>
`PSModulePath`		%SystemRoot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\
`Public`		C:\Users\Public
`RANDOM`	Y	A random integer number, anything from 0 to 32,767 (inclusive).
`%SessionName%`		Terminal servers only - for a terminal server session, SessionName is a combination of the connection name, followed by #SessionNumber. For a console session, SessionName returns "Console".
`SYSTEMDRIVE`		C:
`SYSTEMROOT`		By default, Windows is installed to C:\Windows but there's no guarantee of that, Windows can be installed to a different folder, or a different drive letter. systemroot is a read-only system variable that will resolve to the correct location. Defaults in early Windows versions are C:\WINNT, C:\WINNT35 and C:\WTSRV
`TEMP` and `TMP`	User Variable	C:\Users{Username}\AppData\Local\Temp Under XP this was {username}\Local Settings\Temp
`TIME`	Y	The current time using same format as TIME.
`UserDnsDomain`	Y User Variable	Set if a user is a logged on to a domain and returns the fully qualified DNS domain that the currently logged on user's account belongs to.
`USERDOMAIN`		{userdomain}
`USERDOMAIN_roamingprofile`		The user domain for RDS or standard roaming profile paths. Windows 8/10/2012 (or Windows 7/2008 with Q2664408)
`USERNAME`		{username}
`USERPROFILE`		%SystemDrive%\Users{username} This is equivalent to the $HOME environment variable in Unix/Linux
`WINDIR`		%windir% is a regular User variable and can be changed, which makes it less robust than %SystemRoot% Set by default as windir=%SystemRoot% %WinDir% pre-dates Windows NT, its use in many places has been replaced by the system variable: %SystemRoot%