test.py

import pycountry
import json

def check_iso_standard(src):
        for college in src:
                #print(college["alpha_two_code"])
                #print(college["country"])
                alpha2 = college["alpha_two_code"]
                name = college["country"]
                result = pycountry.countries.get(alpha_2=alpha2)
                if result is None:
                        print(alpha2, "is not found in iso3166-1")
                else:
                        if result.name != name and result.common_name != name:
                                print(result.name, "and", name, "does not match")


def main():
        with open("./world_universities_and_domains.json", "r") as ro_file:
                src = json.load(ro_file)
        
        if src is None:
                return
        
        check_iso_standard(src)

if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()

$ python test.py | sort | uniq > result

• Brazil and BR does not match
• Cabo Verde and Cape Verde does not match
• Congo, The Democratic Republic of the and Congo, the Democratic Republic of the does not match
• Czechia and Czech Republic does not match
• Eswatini and Swaziland does not match (Not sure)
• Iran, Islamic Republic of and Iran does not match (Not sure)
• Taiwan, Province of China and Taiwan does not match
• Türkiye and Turkey does not match
• UK is not found in iso3166-1
• United States and US does not match
• Viet Nam and Vietnam does not match
• XK is not found in iso3166-1 (Not sure)

should check not only name but also common_name in pycountry