The bitcoin blockchain is currently (9th Sept 2016) 88Gig but the Chainstate is only 1.7 Gig. That is a factor of 50 different. One concern for bitcoin at the moment is a lack of full nodes. This is partly due to the length of time to download and process the blockchain from scratch. And in addition a significant cost of hosting a full node is the cost of bandwidth for serving historical blocks - and a lot of this is to nodes that start downloading the blockchain and then abandon. A node can still operate as a full node with just a valid chainstate - there is little need for the full blockchain. From my tests only 30% of chains that start syncing get to completion.
- Every 100'th block nodes take a snapshot of the LevelDB chainstate database.
- They then calculate a hash of hashes of that 1.7gig database (takes about 2mins).