nahidtislam/install arch on parallels M1.text

## install arch on parallels M1.text
### ReturnRei's youtube video provides a very helpful tutorial
### https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKvetujHjYQ&t=737s

#### PLEASE NOTE::
#### I created the Arch (target) VM (from the get go) and booted that with an Ubuntu CD
#### I think it's easier to do it that rather than to mess around with an existing vm

## his useful links
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_from_existing_Linux#Using_a_chroot_environment
# https://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv8/generic
# https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/6kwt61/systemd_doesnt_create_machineid_during/
# https://arm.endeavouros.com/endeavouros-arm-install/

#
## I don't make/use arch install scripts
## however ReturnRei's way is the only way I can get
## Arch working on my M1 Pro MacBook lol
#

# note I changed some words/commands to suit my locale (someone from the UK)

## download the the thing
cd ~/Downloads
wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libarchive-tools

sudo bash
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;31m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

TGTDEV="/dev/sda"

# partitions the drive
## do not run if you already done this manually
prep-disk() {
    sed -e 's/\s*\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]*\).*/\1/' <<E_FDISK | fdisk ${TGTDEV}
        g # clear and and make the GPT table
        n # new partition for EFI
        1 # partition number 1
        # (default) - start at beginning of disk
        +1000M # 1GB (1000MB) boot parttion
        t # set partition '1' type
        1 # to "EFI System"
        n # new partition
        2 # partition number 2
        # (default) - start immediately after preceding partition
        # (default) - extend partition to end of disk
        w # write the partition table to disc
        q # and we're done
E_FDISK

    mkfs.ext4 ${TGTDEV}2 -L "arch"
    mkfs.vfat ${TGTDEV}1 -n "efi arm"

    mkdir /target
    mount ${TGTDEV}2 /target
    mkdir /target/boot
    mount ${TGTDEV}1 /target/boot
}


prep-disk ## RUNNING THIS WILL ERASE THE DATA IF YOUR USING AN EXISTING VM
          ## DO NOT RUN IF YOU ALREADY PARTITIONED YOUR DRIVE

bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C /target
echo "$TGTDEV" > /target/.initial_dev.text

## Get into chroot
mount --bind /target /target &&
    cd /target &&
    rm /target/etc/resolv.conf &&
    cp /etc/resolv.conf etc &&
    mount -t proc /proc proc &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /sys sys &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /dev dev &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /run run

chroot /target /bin/bash #<<"E_CHROOT_ENV"
PS1='\[\033[01;31m\](chroot)\[\033[00m\] \[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

chmod 755 /

TGTDEV="$(cat /.initial_dev.text)" # remember the TGTDEV before chrooting
mount ${TGTDEV}1 /boot

## prepare the pacman keys
pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm

## config the install
pacman -Syy --noconfirm vim zsh dash

# you can run this if you want pacman to look cool and fast
sed -i '/^#\(Color\|VerbosePkgLists\|ParallelDownloads\)/s/^#//' /etc/pacman.conf
# sets the simultaneous downloads to 6
sed -i 's/^ParallelDownloads = .*/ParallelDownloads = 6/' /etc/pacman.conf
# cool 8-bit pacman effect!
sed -i '/^#\?ParallelDownloads = /a ILoveCandy' /etc/pacman.conf

vim /etc/pacman.conf # do your own pacman config

EDITOR="vim"

## commands for install
pacman -Su --needed --noconfirm base linux linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
                       efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
                       dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools base-devel \
                       linux-headers git go

## internal arch system config
dbus-uuidgen > /etc/machine-id ## fix for missing machine-id
genfstab -U / | grep -e "UUID\|${TGTDEV}" >> /etc/fstab
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime ## this is for if your located in Europe with London's timezone
hwclock --systohc

# edit /etc/locale.gen to select your locales
sed -i '/^#en_\(US\|GB\)[.]UTF-8/s/^#//' /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf ## assuming you want this locale
echo "parallels-arch-vm" >> /etc/hostname

groupadd sudo
useradd -m -G sudo -s /bin/zsh someuser

visudo # give yourself sudo access before rebooting
sed -i '/^#\s\+%sudo/s/^#\s\+//' /etc/sudoers ## scripty version

ln -sfT dash /usr/bin/sh # optional: makes your system bit more effcient

cat <<E_HOSTS > /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    localhost
::1          localhost

E_HOSTS

systemctl enable NetworkManager

### setting up systemd-boot
bootctl --path=/boot install

cat <<E_BLOADER > /boot/loader/loader.conf
timeout 3
#console-mode keep
default arch*
E_BLOADER

cat <<E_BENTRY > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
title	arch linux
linux	/Image
initrd	/initramfs-linux.img
options root=UUID=$(findmnt / -no UUID) rw quiet loglevel=3
E_BENTRY

# installing yay
su someuser
cd /tmp
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay && makepkg -si

## unintended install arch on parallels M1.sh
####################################################################
####################################################################
#########  THIS IS THE UNINTENDED SCRIPT TO ########################
########## PERFORM THE THE INSTALLATION OF #########################
##############   THE VIRTUAL MACHINE   #############################
####################################################################
####################################################################

### ReturnRei's youtube video provides a very helpful tutorial
### https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKvetujHjYQ&t=737s

#### PLEASE NOTE::
#### I created the Arch (target) VM (from the get go) and booted that with an Ubuntu CD
#### I think it's easier to do it that rather than to mess around with an existing vm

#
## I don't make/use arch install scripts
## however ReturnRei's way is the only way I can get
## Arch working on my M1 Pro MacBook lol
#

# note I changed some words/commands to suit my locale (someone from the UK)

while getopts a:d:p:u: option
do
    case "${option}"
    in
        a) ADDITIONAL_PKGS="${OPTARG//,/ }";;
        u) FIRST_USER="$OPTARG";;
        p) FIRST_PASSWORD="$OPTARG";;
        d)
            if [[ "$OPTARG" =~ ^(gnome|kde|plasma|xfce4?)$ ]]; then
                PREFERED_DESKTOP="$OPTARG"
            else
                printf "%s\n" "warning: unsupported desktop env"; exit 1
            fi
            ;;
        *) printf "%s\n" "warning: invalid argument(s)"; exit 1;;
    esac
done

if [ "$FIRST_USER" ] && ! [ "$FIRST_PASSWORD" ]; then
    printf "%s\n" "error: password is required if username is given"
    exit 2
fi

[ "$FIRST_USER" ] || FIRST_USER='someuser'

ARCH_TAR="ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz"

if ! [ -f "$ARCH_TAR" ]; then
    # maybe we are not in the same pwd as the script location
    cd "$(dirname "$0")"

    # check again
    if ! [ -f "$ARCH_TAR" ]; then
        ## download the the thing
        [ -w "$PWD" ] || cd ~/Downloads
        until wget -c http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz; do
            printf "\n%s" "retrying download..."
            sleep 4
            printf "\n\n"
        done
    fi
fi

unset ARCH_TAR

if ! which bsdtar &> /dev/null; then
    printf "%s\n" "configuring apt repositories"
    sudo add-apt-repository -y universe multiverse &> /dev/null

    DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT="1"
    MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT="5"
    printf "%s\n" "installing libarchive-tools to use bsdtar"
    until sudo apt install -y libarchive-tools || [ "$DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT" == "$MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT" ] &> /dev/null; do
        printf "%s\r" "attempt $DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT of $MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT failed; retrying..."
    done
    if [ "$DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT" -gt "$MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT" ]; then
        printf "%s\n" "sorry: installing libarchive-tools failed. We can't continue"
        exit 4
    fi

fi

echo "$ADDITIONAL_PKGS" > /tmp/additional_packages.text
echo "$FIRST_USER" > /tmp/first_user.text
echo "$FIRST_PASSWORD" | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -md sha512 -a -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 -salt -pass pass:'arch-Installer[ARM64]{forPARALLELS}06' > /tmp/first_password.aes
[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && echo "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" > /tmp/prefered_desktop.text

sudo bash << 'E_ROOTSHELL'
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;31m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

FIRST_USER="$(cat /tmp/first_user.text)"

TGTDEV=""

select-disk() {
    declare -a DISKS
    SELECTED_DISK=""

    for disk in /dev/sd*[a-z]; do
        # printf "%s\n" "$disk"
        DISKS+=("$disk")
    done

    if [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
        printf "%s\n" "error: No disks found" 1>&2
        exit 1
    elif [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -eq 1 ]; then
        SELECTED_DISK=${DISKS[0]}
    else
        printf "%s\n%s\n" \
            "there are more than one disk to select" \
            "select the disk." 1>&2
        i=0
        for driveMount in "${DISKS[@]}"; do
           i=$(( i+1 ))
           printf "%s\n" "${i}. '${driveMount}'" 1>&2
        done
        unset i

        if [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -gt 9 ]; then
            digits=2
        else
            digits=1
        fi

        read -n ${digits} DRIVE_USER_SELECTION
        printf "\n" 1>&2

        if ! [ "${DRIVE_USER_SELECTION}" ] || [ "${DRIVE_USER_SELECTION}" -gt ${#DISKS[@]} ]; then
            printf "%s\n" "error: bad selection" 1>&2
            exit 3
        fi
        SELECTED_DISK=${DISKS[$(( DRIVE_USER_SELECTION-1 ))]}
        unset DRIVE_USER_SELECTION
    fi

    if ! [ "${SELECTED_DISK}" ]; then
        printf "%s\n" "error: Unable to determine disk" 1>&2
        exit 4
    fi

    echo "$SELECTED_DISK"
}

TGTDEV="$(select-disk)"
if ! [ "$TGTDEV" ]; then
    printf "%s\n" "error: disk selection failed"
    exit 1
fi

# partitions the drive
## do not run if you already done this manually
prep-disk() {
    sed -e 's/\s*\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]*\).*/\1/' <<E_FDISK | fdisk ${TGTDEV} > /dev/null
        g # clear and and make the GPT table
        n # new partition for EFI
        1 # partition number 1
        # (default) - start at beginning of disk
        +1000M # 1GB (1000MB) boot parttion
        t # set partition '1' type
        1 # to "EFI System"
        n # new partition
        2 # partition number 2
        # (default) - start immediately after preceding partition
        # (default) - extend partition to end of disk
        w # write the partition table to disc
        q # and we're done
E_FDISK

    mkfs.ext4 ${TGTDEV}2 -L "arch" &> /dev/null
    mkfs.vfat ${TGTDEV}1 -n "efi arm" &> /dev/null

    mkdir /target
    mount ${TGTDEV}2 /target
    mkdir /target/boot
    mount ${TGTDEV}1 /target/boot
}

if [ "$(ls "${TGTDEV}"*[0-9] 2> /dev/null)" ]; then
    printf "%s\n" "WARNING: THIS DISK CONTAINS PARTITIONS"
    printf "%s\n" "         PONTENTIAL DATA LOSS COULD HAPPEN"
    printf "\n"
    read -e -p "continue? " RISK_DATA

    [[ "$RISK_DATA" == [Yy]* ]] || exit 1
fi


prep-disk ## RUNNING THIS WILL ERASE THE DATA IF YOUR USING AN EXISTING VM
          ## DO NOT RUN IF YOU ALREADY PARTITIONED YOUR DRIVE
printf "%s\n" "success: formating $TGTDEV for install"

bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C /target

echo "$TGTDEV" > /target/.initial_dev.text
echo "$FIRST_USER" > /target/.initial_user.text
cp /tmp/additional_packages.text /target/.additional_packages.text
cp /tmp/first_password.aes /target/.initial_password.aes
cp /tmp/prefered_desktop.text /target/.prefered_desktop.text

## Get into chroot
mount --bind /target /target &&
    cd /target &&
    rm /target/etc/resolv.conf &&
    cp /etc/resolv.conf etc &&
    mount -t proc /proc proc &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /sys sys &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /dev dev &&
    mount --make-rslave --rbind /run run

chroot /target /bin/bash << 'E_CHROOT_ENV'
PS1='\[\033[01;31m\](chroot)\[\033[00m\] \[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

pac() {
    until pacman -S --needed --noconfirm $@; do
        printf "\n\n%s" "install of $1 failed; retrying..."
        sleep 4
        printf "\n\n\n"
    done
}

chmod 755 /

ADDITIONAL_PKGS="$(cat /.additional_packages.text)"
TGTDEV="$(cat /.initial_dev.text)" # remember the TGTDEV before chrooting
FIRST_USER="$(cat /.initial_user.text)" # remember the option USER before chrooting
[ -f "/.prefered_desktop.text" ] && PREFERED_DESKTOP="$(cat /.prefered_desktop.text)"

mount ${TGTDEV}1 /boot

## prepare the pacman keys
pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm

## config the install
# you can run this if you want pacman to look cool and fast
sed -i '/^#\(Color\|VerbosePkgLists\|ParallelDownloads\)/s/^#//' /etc/pacman.conf
# sets the simultaneous downloads to 6
sed -i 's/^ParallelDownloads = .*/ParallelDownloads = 6/' /etc/pacman.conf
# cool 8-bit pacman effect!
sed -i '/^#\?ParallelDownloads = /a ILoveCandy' /etc/pacman.conf


## commands for install
until pacman -Syyu --needed --noconfirm base linux linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
                       efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
                       dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools base-devel \
                       linux-headers git go vim zsh dash
do
    sleep 3.5
done

pacman -D --asdeps base linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
   efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
   dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools go zsh dash > /dev/null

EDITOR="vim"

## internal arch system config
dbus-uuidgen > /etc/machine-id ## fix for missing machine-id
genfstab -U / | grep -e "UUID\|${TGTDEV}" >> /etc/fstab
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime ## this is for if your located in Europe with London's timezone
hwclock --systohc

# edit /etc/locale.gen to select your locales
sed -i '/^#en_\(US\|GB\)[.]UTF-8/s/^#//' /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
echo "LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf ## assuming you want this locale
echo "parallels-arch-vm" > /etc/hostname

# setting up user
groupadd sudo
useradd -m -G sudo -s /bin/zsh "$FIRST_USER"
if [ "$FIRST_USER" != "someuser" ]; then
    FIRST_PASSWORD="$(cat /.initial_password.aes | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -md sha512 -a -d -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 -salt -pass pass:'arch-Installer[ARM64]{forPARALLELS}06')"
    echo -e "${FIRST_PASSWORD}\n${FIRST_PASSWORD}" | passwd $FIRST_USER &> /dev/null
else
    echo -e "someuser\nsomeuser" | passwd someuser &> /dev/null
    FIRST_PASSWORD="someuser"
fi

usermod -a -G wheel $FIRST_USER

# give yourself sudo access before rebooting
sed -i '/^#\s\+%sudo/s/^#\s\+//' /etc/sudoers ## scripty version

# to smooth out the yay package installations
# as running yay as root isn't available
echo "$FIRST_USER ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/yay-smoother

# this is to let pamac open to users in the 'sudo' group
cat <<E_PADMIN > /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/51-allow-sudo-group.rules
//
// this is to allow users in the sudo group to access privileged GUI apps
// like they do with wheel
//

// useful for apps like pamac


polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {
    return ["unix-group:sudo"];
});


E_PADMIN

ln -sfT dash /usr/bin/sh # optional: makes your system bit more effcient

cat <<E_HOSTS > /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    localhost
::1          localhost

E_HOSTS

echo -e "toor\ntoor" | passwd &> /dev/null

systemctl enable NetworkManager

### setting up systemd-boot
bootctl --path=/boot install

cat <<E_BLOADER > /boot/loader/loader.conf
timeout 1
#console-mode keep
default arch*
E_BLOADER

cat <<E_BENTRY > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
title	arch linux
linux	/Image
initrd	/initramfs-linux.img
options root=UUID=$(findmnt / -no UUID) rw quiet loglevel=3
E_BENTRY

rm /.initial_dev.text
rm /.initial_user.text
rm /.initial_password.aes

# installing yay
su - "$FIRST_USER" <<E_YAY
cd /tmp
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay && makepkg -s
sudo pacman -U --noconfirm yay-*.pkg.tar.xz
E_YAY

[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && case "$PREFERED_DESKTOP"
in
    gnome)
        #### WE NEED TO EXCLUDE SOME PACKAGES THAT MIGHT NOT WORK ON ARM64 ###
        SKIP_GPKG=("gnome" "gnome-books" "gnome-boxes" "gnome-contacts" "gnome-music" "gnome-photos" "gnome-weather" "gnome-maps" "gnome-remote-desktop" "gnome-software" "gnome-user-docs" "cheese" "simple-scan" "qemu")
        GNOME_PKGS=""
        for pkg in $(pacman -Sqg gnome); do
          [[ " ${SKIP_GPKG[*]} " =~ " $pkg " ]] || GNOME_PKGS+=" $pkg"
        done
        GNOME_PKGS="${GNOME_PKGS:1}"

        printf "\n\n%s\n" "insatlling gnome ---"
        printf " %s\n" "> pacman > $GNOME_PKGS"
        pac $GNOME_PKGS gdm
        pacman -D --asdeps $GNOME_PKGS > /dev/null
        pacman -D --asexplicit gnome > /dev/null

        systemctl enable gdm

        unset SKIP_GPKG
        unset GNOME_PKGS
        ;;
    kde|plasma)
        "\n\n%s\n" "insatlling kde ---"
        pac plasma plasma-wayland-session xorg xorg-server sddm
        systemctl enable sddm
        ;;
    xfce|xfce4)
        "\n\n%s\n" "insatlling kde ---"
        pac xfce4-sessionxorg xorg-server lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter
        systemctl enable lightdm
        ;;
    *)
        printf "%s\n" "warning: invalid desktop option - skipping";;
esac

[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && su - "$FIRST_USER" <<E_PAMAC
cd /tmp
yay -Sy --noconfirm pamac-aur
E_PAMAC

[ "$ADDITIONAL_PKGS" ] && pac $ADDITIONAL_PKGS

rm "/.prefered_desktop.text"
rm "/.additional_packages.text"
rm "/etc/sudoers.d/yay-smoother"

OLD_alarm_USERID="$(cat /etc/passwd | grep "alarm" | cut -f3 -d':')"
usermod -u 818 alarm
find / -uid "$OLD_alarm_USERID" -exec chown alarm {} \; &> /dev/null

[ "$FIRST_USER" == "someuser" ] && passwd --expire someuser

E_CHROOT_ENV
E_ROOTSHELL
	### ReturnRei's youtube video provides a very helpful tutorial
	### https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKvetujHjYQ&t=737s

	#### PLEASE NOTE::
	#### I created the Arch (target) VM (from the get go) and booted that with an Ubuntu CD
	#### I think it's easier to do it that rather than to mess around with an existing vm

	## his useful links
	# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_from_existing_Linux#Using_a_chroot_environment
	# https://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv8/generic
	# https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/6kwt61/systemd_doesnt_create_machineid_during/
	# https://arm.endeavouros.com/endeavouros-arm-install/

	#
	## I don't make/use arch install scripts
	## however ReturnRei's way is the only way I can get
	## Arch working on my M1 Pro MacBook lol
	#

	# note I changed some words/commands to suit my locale (someone from the UK)

	## download the the thing
	cd ~/Downloads
	wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz

	sudo add-apt-repository universe
	sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
	sudo apt update
	sudo apt install libarchive-tools

	sudo bash
	PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;31m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

	TGTDEV="/dev/sda"

	# partitions the drive
	## do not run if you already done this manually
	prep-disk() {
	sed -e 's/\s\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]\).*/\1/' <<E_FDISK \| fdisk ${TGTDEV}
	g # clear and and make the GPT table
	n # new partition for EFI
	1 # partition number 1
	# (default) - start at beginning of disk
	+1000M # 1GB (1000MB) boot parttion
	t # set partition '1' type
	1 # to "EFI System"
	n # new partition
	2 # partition number 2
	# (default) - start immediately after preceding partition
	# (default) - extend partition to end of disk
	w # write the partition table to disc
	q # and we're done
	E_FDISK

	mkfs.ext4 ${TGTDEV}2 -L "arch"
	mkfs.vfat ${TGTDEV}1 -n "efi arm"

	mkdir /target
	mount ${TGTDEV}2 /target
	mkdir /target/boot
	mount ${TGTDEV}1 /target/boot
	}



	prep-disk ## RUNNING THIS WILL ERASE THE DATA IF YOUR USING AN EXISTING VM
	## DO NOT RUN IF YOU ALREADY PARTITIONED YOUR DRIVE

	bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C /target
	echo "$TGTDEV" > /target/.initial_dev.text

	## Get into chroot
	mount --bind /target /target &&
	cd /target &&
	rm /target/etc/resolv.conf &&
	cp /etc/resolv.conf etc &&
	mount -t proc /proc proc &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /sys sys &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /dev dev &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /run run

	chroot /target /bin/bash #<<"E_CHROOT_ENV"
	PS1='\[\033[01;31m\](chroot)\[\033[00m\] \[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

	chmod 755 /

	TGTDEV="$(cat /.initial_dev.text)" # remember the TGTDEV before chrooting
	mount ${TGTDEV}1 /boot

	## prepare the pacman keys
	pacman-key --init
	pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm

	## config the install
	pacman -Syy --noconfirm vim zsh dash

	# you can run this if you want pacman to look cool and fast
	sed -i '/^#\(Color\\|VerbosePkgLists\\|ParallelDownloads\)/s/^#//' /etc/pacman.conf
	# sets the simultaneous downloads to 6
	sed -i 's/^ParallelDownloads = .*/ParallelDownloads = 6/' /etc/pacman.conf
	# cool 8-bit pacman effect!
	sed -i '/^#\?ParallelDownloads = /a ILoveCandy' /etc/pacman.conf

	vim /etc/pacman.conf # do your own pacman config

	EDITOR="vim"

	## commands for install
	pacman -Su --needed --noconfirm base linux linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
	efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
	dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools base-devel \
	linux-headers git go

	## internal arch system config
	dbus-uuidgen > /etc/machine-id ## fix for missing machine-id
	genfstab -U / \| grep -e "UUID\\|${TGTDEV}" >> /etc/fstab
	ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime ## this is for if your located in Europe with London's timezone
	hwclock --systohc

	# edit /etc/locale.gen to select your locales
	sed -i '/^#en_\(US\\|GB\)[.]UTF-8/s/^#//' /etc/locale.gen
	locale-gen
	echo "LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf ## assuming you want this locale
	echo "parallels-arch-vm" >> /etc/hostname

	groupadd sudo
	useradd -m -G sudo -s /bin/zsh someuser

	visudo # give yourself sudo access before rebooting
	sed -i '/^#\s\+%sudo/s/^#\s\+//' /etc/sudoers ## scripty version

	ln -sfT dash /usr/bin/sh # optional: makes your system bit more effcient

	cat <<E_HOSTS > /etc/hosts

	127.0.0.1 localhost
	::1 localhost

	E_HOSTS

	systemctl enable NetworkManager

	### setting up systemd-boot
	bootctl --path=/boot install

	cat <<E_BLOADER > /boot/loader/loader.conf
	timeout 3
	#console-mode keep
	default arch*
	E_BLOADER

	cat <<E_BENTRY > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
	title arch linux
	linux /Image
	initrd /initramfs-linux.img
	options root=UUID=$(findmnt / -no UUID) rw quiet loglevel=3
	E_BENTRY

	# installing yay
	su someuser
	cd /tmp
	git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
	cd yay && makepkg -si
	####################################################################
	####################################################################
	######### THIS IS THE UNINTENDED SCRIPT TO ########################
	########## PERFORM THE THE INSTALLATION OF #########################
	############## THE VIRTUAL MACHINE #############################
	####################################################################
	####################################################################

	### ReturnRei's youtube video provides a very helpful tutorial
	### https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKvetujHjYQ&t=737s

	#### PLEASE NOTE::
	#### I created the Arch (target) VM (from the get go) and booted that with an Ubuntu CD
	#### I think it's easier to do it that rather than to mess around with an existing vm

	#
	## I don't make/use arch install scripts
	## however ReturnRei's way is the only way I can get
	## Arch working on my M1 Pro MacBook lol
	#

	# note I changed some words/commands to suit my locale (someone from the UK)

	while getopts a:d:p:u: option
	do
	case "${option}"
	in
	a) ADDITIONAL_PKGS="${OPTARG//,/ }";;
	u) FIRST_USER="$OPTARG";;
	p) FIRST_PASSWORD="$OPTARG";;
	d)
	if [[ "$OPTARG" =~ ^(gnome\|kde\|plasma\|xfce4?)$ ]]; then
	PREFERED_DESKTOP="$OPTARG"
	else
	printf "%s\n" "warning: unsupported desktop env"; exit 1
	fi
	;;
	*) printf "%s\n" "warning: invalid argument(s)"; exit 1;;
	esac
	done

	if [ "$FIRST_USER" ] && ! [ "$FIRST_PASSWORD" ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "error: password is required if username is given"
	exit 2
	fi

	[ "$FIRST_USER" ] \|\| FIRST_USER='someuser'

	ARCH_TAR="ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz"

	if ! [ -f "$ARCH_TAR" ]; then
	# maybe we are not in the same pwd as the script location
	cd "$(dirname "$0")"

	# check again
	if ! [ -f "$ARCH_TAR" ]; then
	## download the the thing
	[ -w "$PWD" ] \|\| cd ~/Downloads
	until wget -c http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz; do
	printf "\n%s" "retrying download..."
	sleep 4
	printf "\n\n"
	done
	fi
	fi

	unset ARCH_TAR

	if ! which bsdtar &> /dev/null; then
	printf "%s\n" "configuring apt repositories"
	sudo add-apt-repository -y universe multiverse &> /dev/null

	DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT="1"
	MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT="5"
	printf "%s\n" "installing libarchive-tools to use bsdtar"
	until sudo apt install -y libarchive-tools \|\| [ "$DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT" == "$MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT" ] &> /dev/null; do
	printf "%s\r" "attempt $DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT of $MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT failed; retrying..."
	done
	if [ "$DEPENDANCY_INSTALL_ATTEMPT" -gt "$MAX_DEPENDANCY_ATTEMPT" ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "sorry: installing libarchive-tools failed. We can't continue"
	exit 4
	fi

	fi

	echo "$ADDITIONAL_PKGS" > /tmp/additional_packages.text
	echo "$FIRST_USER" > /tmp/first_user.text
	echo "$FIRST_PASSWORD" \| openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -md sha512 -a -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 -salt -pass pass:'arch-Installer[ARM64]{forPARALLELS}06' > /tmp/first_password.aes
	[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && echo "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" > /tmp/prefered_desktop.text

	sudo bash << 'E_ROOTSHELL'
	PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;31m\]\u\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

	FIRST_USER="$(cat /tmp/first_user.text)"

	TGTDEV=""

	select-disk() {
	declare -a DISKS
	SELECTED_DISK=""

	for disk in /dev/sd*[a-z]; do
	# printf "%s\n" "$disk"
	DISKS+=("$disk")
	done

	if [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "error: No disks found" 1>&2
	exit 1
	elif [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -eq 1 ]; then
	SELECTED_DISK=${DISKS[0]}
	else
	printf "%s\n%s\n" \
	"there are more than one disk to select" \
	"select the disk." 1>&2
	i=0
	for driveMount in "${DISKS[@]}"; do
	i=$(( i+1 ))
	printf "%s\n" "${i}. '${driveMount}'" 1>&2
	done
	unset i

	if [ "${#DISKS[@]}" -gt 9 ]; then
	digits=2
	else
	digits=1
	fi

	read -n ${digits} DRIVE_USER_SELECTION
	printf "\n" 1>&2

	if ! [ "${DRIVE_USER_SELECTION}" ] \|\| [ "${DRIVE_USER_SELECTION}" -gt ${#DISKS[@]} ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "error: bad selection" 1>&2
	exit 3
	fi
	SELECTED_DISK=${DISKS[$(( DRIVE_USER_SELECTION-1 ))]}
	unset DRIVE_USER_SELECTION
	fi

	if ! [ "${SELECTED_DISK}" ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "error: Unable to determine disk" 1>&2
	exit 4
	fi

	echo "$SELECTED_DISK"
	}

	TGTDEV="$(select-disk)"
	if ! [ "$TGTDEV" ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "error: disk selection failed"
	exit 1
	fi

	# partitions the drive
	## do not run if you already done this manually
	prep-disk() {
	sed -e 's/\s\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]\).*/\1/' <<E_FDISK \| fdisk ${TGTDEV} > /dev/null
	g # clear and and make the GPT table
	n # new partition for EFI
	1 # partition number 1
	# (default) - start at beginning of disk
	+1000M # 1GB (1000MB) boot parttion
	t # set partition '1' type
	1 # to "EFI System"
	n # new partition
	2 # partition number 2
	# (default) - start immediately after preceding partition
	# (default) - extend partition to end of disk
	w # write the partition table to disc
	q # and we're done
	E_FDISK

	mkfs.ext4 ${TGTDEV}2 -L "arch" &> /dev/null
	mkfs.vfat ${TGTDEV}1 -n "efi arm" &> /dev/null

	mkdir /target
	mount ${TGTDEV}2 /target
	mkdir /target/boot
	mount ${TGTDEV}1 /target/boot
	}

	if [ "$(ls "${TGTDEV}"*[0-9] 2> /dev/null)" ]; then
	printf "%s\n" "WARNING: THIS DISK CONTAINS PARTITIONS"
	printf "%s\n" " PONTENTIAL DATA LOSS COULD HAPPEN"
	printf "\n"
	read -e -p "continue? " RISK_DATA

	[[ "$RISK_DATA" == [Yy]* ]] \|\| exit 1
	fi


	prep-disk ## RUNNING THIS WILL ERASE THE DATA IF YOUR USING AN EXISTING VM
	## DO NOT RUN IF YOU ALREADY PARTITIONED YOUR DRIVE
	printf "%s\n" "success: formating $TGTDEV for install"

	bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C /target

	echo "$TGTDEV" > /target/.initial_dev.text
	echo "$FIRST_USER" > /target/.initial_user.text
	cp /tmp/additional_packages.text /target/.additional_packages.text
	cp /tmp/first_password.aes /target/.initial_password.aes
	cp /tmp/prefered_desktop.text /target/.prefered_desktop.text

	## Get into chroot
	mount --bind /target /target &&
	cd /target &&
	rm /target/etc/resolv.conf &&
	cp /etc/resolv.conf etc &&
	mount -t proc /proc proc &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /sys sys &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /dev dev &&
	mount --make-rslave --rbind /run run

	chroot /target /bin/bash << 'E_CHROOT_ENV'
	PS1='\[\033[01;31m\](chroot)\[\033[00m\] \[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '

	pac() {
	until pacman -S --needed --noconfirm $@; do
	printf "\n\n%s" "install of $1 failed; retrying..."
	sleep 4
	printf "\n\n\n"
	done
	}

	chmod 755 /

	ADDITIONAL_PKGS="$(cat /.additional_packages.text)"
	TGTDEV="$(cat /.initial_dev.text)" # remember the TGTDEV before chrooting
	FIRST_USER="$(cat /.initial_user.text)" # remember the option USER before chrooting
	[ -f "/.prefered_desktop.text" ] && PREFERED_DESKTOP="$(cat /.prefered_desktop.text)"

	mount ${TGTDEV}1 /boot

	## prepare the pacman keys
	pacman-key --init
	pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm

	## config the install
	# you can run this if you want pacman to look cool and fast
	sed -i '/^#\(Color\\|VerbosePkgLists\\|ParallelDownloads\)/s/^#//' /etc/pacman.conf
	# sets the simultaneous downloads to 6
	sed -i 's/^ParallelDownloads = .*/ParallelDownloads = 6/' /etc/pacman.conf
	# cool 8-bit pacman effect!
	sed -i '/^#\?ParallelDownloads = /a ILoveCandy' /etc/pacman.conf


	## commands for install
	until pacman -Syyu --needed --noconfirm base linux linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
	efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
	dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools base-devel \
	linux-headers git go vim zsh dash
	do
	sleep 3.5
	done

	pacman -D --asdeps base linux-firmware arch-install-scripts \
	efibootmgr networkmanager network-manager-applet \
	dialog os-prober mtools dosfstools go zsh dash > /dev/null

	EDITOR="vim"

	## internal arch system config
	dbus-uuidgen > /etc/machine-id ## fix for missing machine-id
	genfstab -U / \| grep -e "UUID\\|${TGTDEV}" >> /etc/fstab
	ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime ## this is for if your located in Europe with London's timezone
	hwclock --systohc

	# edit /etc/locale.gen to select your locales
	sed -i '/^#en_\(US\\|GB\)[.]UTF-8/s/^#//' /etc/locale.gen
	locale-gen
	echo "LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.conf ## assuming you want this locale
	echo "parallels-arch-vm" > /etc/hostname

	# setting up user
	groupadd sudo
	useradd -m -G sudo -s /bin/zsh "$FIRST_USER"
	if [ "$FIRST_USER" != "someuser" ]; then
	FIRST_PASSWORD="$(cat /.initial_password.aes \| openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -md sha512 -a -d -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 -salt -pass pass:'arch-Installer[ARM64]{forPARALLELS}06')"
	echo -e "${FIRST_PASSWORD}\n${FIRST_PASSWORD}" \| passwd $FIRST_USER &> /dev/null
	else
	echo -e "someuser\nsomeuser" \| passwd someuser &> /dev/null
	FIRST_PASSWORD="someuser"
	fi

	usermod -a -G wheel $FIRST_USER

	# give yourself sudo access before rebooting
	sed -i '/^#\s\+%sudo/s/^#\s\+//' /etc/sudoers ## scripty version

	# to smooth out the yay package installations
	# as running yay as root isn't available
	echo "$FIRST_USER ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/yay-smoother

	# this is to let pamac open to users in the 'sudo' group
	cat <<E_PADMIN > /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/51-allow-sudo-group.rules
	//
	// this is to allow users in the sudo group to access privileged GUI apps
	// like they do with wheel
	//

	// useful for apps like pamac


	polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {
	return ["unix-group:sudo"];
	});


	E_PADMIN

	ln -sfT dash /usr/bin/sh # optional: makes your system bit more effcient

	cat <<E_HOSTS > /etc/hosts

	127.0.0.1 localhost
	::1 localhost

	E_HOSTS

	echo -e "toor\ntoor" \| passwd &> /dev/null

	systemctl enable NetworkManager

	### setting up systemd-boot
	bootctl --path=/boot install

	cat <<E_BLOADER > /boot/loader/loader.conf
	timeout 1
	#console-mode keep
	default arch*
	E_BLOADER

	cat <<E_BENTRY > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
	title arch linux
	linux /Image
	initrd /initramfs-linux.img
	options root=UUID=$(findmnt / -no UUID) rw quiet loglevel=3
	E_BENTRY

	rm /.initial_dev.text
	rm /.initial_user.text
	rm /.initial_password.aes

	# installing yay
	su - "$FIRST_USER" <<E_YAY
	cd /tmp
	git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
	cd yay && makepkg -s
	sudo pacman -U --noconfirm yay-*.pkg.tar.xz
	E_YAY

	[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && case "$PREFERED_DESKTOP"
	in
	gnome)
	#### WE NEED TO EXCLUDE SOME PACKAGES THAT MIGHT NOT WORK ON ARM64 ###
	SKIP_GPKG=("gnome" "gnome-books" "gnome-boxes" "gnome-contacts" "gnome-music" "gnome-photos" "gnome-weather" "gnome-maps" "gnome-remote-desktop" "gnome-software" "gnome-user-docs" "cheese" "simple-scan" "qemu")
	GNOME_PKGS=""
	for pkg in $(pacman -Sqg gnome); do
	[[ " ${SKIP_GPKG[*]} " =~ " $pkg " ]] \|\| GNOME_PKGS+=" $pkg"
	done
	GNOME_PKGS="${GNOME_PKGS:1}"

	printf "\n\n%s\n" "insatlling gnome ---"
	printf " %s\n" "> pacman > $GNOME_PKGS"
	pac $GNOME_PKGS gdm
	pacman -D --asdeps $GNOME_PKGS > /dev/null
	pacman -D --asexplicit gnome > /dev/null

	systemctl enable gdm

	unset SKIP_GPKG
	unset GNOME_PKGS
	;;
	kde\|plasma)
	"\n\n%s\n" "insatlling kde ---"
	pac plasma plasma-wayland-session xorg xorg-server sddm
	systemctl enable sddm
	;;
	xfce\|xfce4)
	"\n\n%s\n" "insatlling kde ---"
	pac xfce4-sessionxorg xorg-server lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter
	systemctl enable lightdm
	;;
	*)
	printf "%s\n" "warning: invalid desktop option - skipping";;
	esac

	[ "$PREFERED_DESKTOP" ] && su - "$FIRST_USER" <<E_PAMAC
	cd /tmp
	yay -Sy --noconfirm pamac-aur
	E_PAMAC

	[ "$ADDITIONAL_PKGS" ] && pac $ADDITIONAL_PKGS

	rm "/.prefered_desktop.text"
	rm "/.additional_packages.text"
	rm "/etc/sudoers.d/yay-smoother"

	OLD_alarm_USERID="$(cat /etc/passwd \| grep "alarm" \| cut -f3 -d':')"
	usermod -u 818 alarm
	find / -uid "$OLD_alarm_USERID" -exec chown alarm {} \; &> /dev/null

	[ "$FIRST_USER" == "someuser" ] && passwd --expire someuser

	E_CHROOT_ENV
	E_ROOTSHELL