SwiftOptionals.swift

import UIKit

var name:String? = "Swift"

// force un-wrap
print("Name is \(name!)")

name = nil
// nil coalescing operator ??
print("Name is ??: \(name ?? "Swift")")

// Check for optional using the if statement
if name != nil {
    // Swift is not smart enough here to inference the type of name.
    // name is still optional here 🤯
    print("Name is \(name ?? "Swift")")
}else{
    print("Name is nil")
}

// Optional binding(if let)
if let name = name{
    // Here the type of name is String
    print("Safe value received: \(name)")
}else{
    print("Name is still null")
}

// Chaining object
struct Language{
    let name:String
}

// Optional object
var swift:Language? = Language(name: "Swift")

// Note here object is nullable not its property
print("Language name:\(swift?.name ?? "Swift")")


// guard let
func getFormattedName(name: String?) -> String{
    
    guard let name = name else {
        // fallback name
        return "No name found"
    }
       
    // only executes if name is not nil
    return "Nmae is: \(name)"
}


print("Formatted name: \(getFormattedName(name: nil))")