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An Espresso ViewAction that changes the orientation of the screen
/*
* The MIT License (MIT)
*
* Copyright (c) 2015 - Nathan Barraille
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*
*/
package net.slideshare.mobile.test.util;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
import android.support.test.espresso.UiController;
import android.support.test.espresso.ViewAction;
import android.support.test.internal.runner.lifecycle.ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry;
import android.support.test.runner.lifecycle.Stage;
import android.view.View;
import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
import java.util.Collection;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isRoot;
/**
* An Espresso ViewAction that changes the orientation of the screen
*/
public class OrientationChangeAction implements ViewAction {
private final int orientation;
private OrientationChangeAction(int orientation) {
this.orientation = orientation;
}
@Override
public Matcher<View> getConstraints() {
return isRoot();
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return "change orientation to " + orientation;
}
@Override
public void perform(UiController uiController, View view) {
uiController.loopMainThreadUntilIdle();
final Activity activity = (Activity) view.getContext();
activity.setRequestedOrientation(orientation);
Collection<Activity> resumedActivities = ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.getInstance().getActivitiesInStage(Stage.RESUMED);
if (resumedActivities.isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not change orientation");
}
}
public static ViewAction orientationLandscape() {
return new OrientationChangeAction(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
}
public static ViewAction orientationPortrait() {
return new OrientationChangeAction(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
}
}
@nbarraille
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Author

Use it like this:
onView(isRoot()).perform(orientationLandscape());
onView(isRoot()).perform(orientationPortrait());

@thiagoolsilva
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which is the licence used on this code ? Can I use it on my project ?

@Valodim
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Valodim commented Jun 18, 2015

please do add a license

@nbarraille
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I updated the Gist with MIT license, feel free to use it in your projects

@mandrachek
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This changes the orientation of a screenshot captured by spoon, but it doesn't actually change the orientation of the UI to match. So I'm getting my portrait layout in a landscape screenshot. I'm not registering for configChanges in my manifest either. :(

I found this to actually work: mActivityRule.getActivity().setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
SystemClock.sleep(100);

@drew-royster
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mandracheck i tried your method and am getting the following error

java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(android.content.res.Configuration)' on a null object reference
at com.netiq.mobileaccessforandroid.MainActivity.onConfigurationChanged(MainActivity.java:1034)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performConfigurationChanged(ActivityThread.java:4174)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleConfigurationChanged(ActivityThread.java:4247)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1454)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)

Test running failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.NullPointerException'

@drew-royster
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On importing your code Android Studio is not finding ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry. I'm pretty sure it has to do with my build.gradle file, but I haven't been able to reconcile it so that it imports "android.support.test.internal.runner.lifecycle.ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry;"

dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.4'
compile 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.4.1'
compile files('libs/google-http-client-1.17.0-rc.jar')
compile files('libs/google-http-client-android-1.17.0-rc.jar')
compile files('libs/google-http-client-jackson-1.17.0-rc.jar')
compile files('libs/google-oauth-client-1.17.0-rc.jar')
compile files('libs/httpclient-4.0.1.jar')
compile files('libs/jackson-core-2.1.3.jar')
compile files('libs/jsr305-1.3.9.jar')
compile files('libs/httpcore-4.0.1.jar')
compile files('libs/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar')
compile files('libs/jackson-core-asl-1.9.11.jar')
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1') {
// Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since Espresso
// hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)
exclude module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1') {
// Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since the test runner
// hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)
exclude module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.1') {
// Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since Espresso
// hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)
exclude module: 'support-annotations'
}

@Scaronthesky
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On importing your code Android Studio is not finding ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.

Same here. Works great without the additional check, though. ;)

@cherrydev
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I'm getting java.lang.ClassCastException: android.view.ContextThemeWrapper cannot be cast to android.app.Activity when calling it with onView(isRoot()).perform(orientationLandscape()); The root view's Context doesn't seem to be an Activity…

@mattmook
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The ClassCastException can occur when using AppCompatActivity - this tends to wrap the Context in a ContextWrapper. You may also see a TintContextWrapper dependent on what you are doing. To get the Activity you need to unwrap the context using ContextWrapper.getBaseContext() until you get to an Activity. NOTE: Activity itself extends ContextThemeWrapper

This uses recursion which is not obviously ideal but should give you an idea:

  public static Activity getActivity(Context context) {
        if (context instanceof Activity) {
            return (Activity) context;
        }

        if (context instanceof ContextWrapper) {
            return getActivity(((ContextWrapper) context).getBaseContext());
        }

        return null;
    }

@mobilekosmos
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Is there an advantage using this instead of e.g. simply activity.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); ?

@prabintim
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prabintim commented Aug 4, 2016

Although it works, it was very slow in my case. It does not wait for the orientation to be changed. Same goes for
activity.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);

@TWiStErRob
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@mattmook there's nothing keeping you from replacing recursion with a loop:

public static Activity getActivity(Context context) {
    while (context instanceof ContextWrapper) {
        if (context instanceof Activity) {
            return (Activity)context;
        }
        context = ((ContextWrapper)context).getBaseContext();
    }
    return null;
}

@egslava
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egslava commented Jun 3, 2017

Thank you very much for so beautiful code. But how to perform Espresso tests on the second Activity? It seems that my tests are still applied on the old instance.

I can use SystemClock.sleep(1000); But is there a way to avoid it? :)

Thank you very much for your great snippet! :)

@simonracz
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In case, this doesn't work for you because of (since Android 7.0?) com.android.internal.policy.DecorContext's baseContext is the Application not an Activity, try out a variation of the following code.

activity = getActivity(view.getContext());
if (activity == null && view instanceof ViewGroup) {
  ViewGroup v = (ViewGroup)view;
  int c = v.getChildCount();
  for (int i = 0; i < c && activity == null; ++i) {
    activity = getActivity(v.getChildAt(i).getContext());
  }
}

@Scaronthesky
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Building upon @TWiStErRob and @simonracz answers I've created a fork of this ViewAction which works fine with Android 7.0 and lower.

https://gist.github.com/Scaronthesky/3856efb7b3748adebe6d

@levibostian
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levibostian commented Jan 16, 2019

Kotlin version:

import android.view.View
import androidx.test.espresso.UiController
import androidx.test.espresso.ViewAction
import androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isRoot
import org.hamcrest.Matcher
import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo
import androidx.test.runner.lifecycle.ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry
import android.app.Activity
import androidx.test.runner.lifecycle.Stage

/*
 * The MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015 - Nathan Barraille
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

class OrientationChangeAction(private val orientation: Int): ViewAction {

    companion object {
        fun orientationLandscape(): ViewAction = OrientationChangeAction(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE)
        fun orientationPortrait(): ViewAction = OrientationChangeAction(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT)
    }

    override fun getDescription(): String = "change orientation to $orientation"

    override fun getConstraints(): Matcher<View> = isRoot()

    override fun perform(uiController: UiController, view: View) {
        uiController.loopMainThreadUntilIdle()
        var activity = getActivity(view.context)
        if (activity == null && view is ViewGroup) {
            val c = view.childCount
            var i = 0
            while (i < c && activity == null) {
                activity = getActivity(view.getChildAt(i).context)
                ++i
            }
        }
        activity!!.requestedOrientation = orientation
    }

    private fun getActivity(context: Context): Activity? {
        var context = context
        while (context is ContextWrapper) {
            if (context is Activity) {
                return context
            }
            context = (context as ContextWrapper).baseContext
        }
        return null
    }

}

@anandwana001
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anandwana001 commented Nov 1, 2020

@nbarraille Does this work when we use config annotation?
I tried to run Espresso test case, it worked, but not with Robolectric. I guess I might facing robolectric issue!!

@Config(
  qualifiers = "port-xxhdpi"
)

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