This gist demonstrates how to set protection options in Office Scripts for Excel

office-scripts-protection.ts

function main(workbook: ExcelScript.Workbook) {

  const activeSheet = workbook.getActiveWorksheet()

  // Returns an object representing the worksheet's protection
  const activeSheetProtection = activeSheet.getProtection()

  // Protect the sheet according to preferred options (password as 2nd arg is optional)
  // This line uses the ternary operator. The protect call is only used if the getProtected() call returns false
  activeSheetProtection.getProtected() || activeSheetProtection.protect(getSheetProtectionOptionsObject())

  // Pauses protection for the current user's session (only in Excel online as of 2024-03-21)
  activeSheetProtection.pauseProtection()

  // (Change some things in the worksheet)

  // Resumes protection for the current user's session (only in Excel online as of 2024-03-21)
  activeSheetProtection.resumeProtection()

}


function getSheetProtectionOptionsObject(): ExcelScript.WorksheetProtectionOptions {

    /* Protection options are boolean except for selectionMode
    which uses the ExcelScript.ProtectionSelectionMode enum
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/javascript/api/office-scripts/excelscript/excelscript.protectionselectionmode?view=office-scripts?wt.mc_id=MVP_310565

    ExcelScript.ProtectionSelectionMode.none means "Selection is not allowed for any cells"
    ExcelScript.ProtectionSelectionMode.normal means "Selection is allowed for all cells"
    ExcelScript.ProtectionSelectionMode.unlocked means "Selection is allowed only cells that are unlocked"
    */
    return {
        allowAutoFilter: true,
        allowDeleteColumns: false,
        allowDeleteRows: false,
        allowFormatRows: false,
        selectionMode: ExcelScript.ProtectionSelectionMode.unlocked, 
        allowEditObjects: false,
        allowEditScenarios: false,
        allowInsertRows: false,
        allowFormatColumns: false,
        allowFormatCells: false,
        allowInsertColumns: false,
        allowSort: true,
        allowInsertHyperlinks: false,
        allowPivotTables: false
    }

}