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Created December 30, 2015 22:44
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spectrum.rst

EMR Spectrum

  • the the shorter wavelength allows them to more easily penetrate the structure of buildings
  • Knife-edge propagation is the term used to describe when signals are partially refracted around solid objects exhibiting sharp edges
  • wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz

2 Meter Band: 144 Mhz - 148 Mhz

Conversions

Unit Target Formula Example
MHz kHz Mhz * 1,000 9.62 MHz x 1000 = 9620 kHz
kHz MHz Khz / 1,000 2780 kHz divided by 1000 = 2.780 MHz
MHz meters 300 / MHz 300 divided by 7.1 MHz = 42.25 meters
meters MHz 300 / meters 300 divided by 42.25 meters = 7.1 MHz

300/.7

Radio Frequencies

  • AM radio - 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz
  • Short wave radio - bands from 5.9 megahertz to 26.1 megahertz
  • Citizens band (CB) radio - 26.96 megahertz to 27.41 megahertz
  • Television stations - 54 to 88 megahertz for channels 2 through 6
  • FM radio - 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz
  • Television stations - 174 to 220 megahertz for channels 7 through 13

+--------------------------------+-------+----------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Frequency | Wavelength | | | Name | Abbr +-----------+----------+------------+-----------+ Application | | | | - | + | - | + | | +================================+=======+===========+==========+============+===========+===============================================================+ | Tremendously Low Frequency | TLF | N/A | < 3Hz | N/A | 100,000km | N/A | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Extremely Low Frequency | ELF | 3Hz | 30Hz | 100,000km | 10,000km | Submarine Communications | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Super Low Frequency | SLF | 30Hz | 300Hz | 10,000km | 1000 km | Submarine Communication | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Ultra Low Frequency | ULF | 300Hz | 3000Hz | 1000km | 100km | Submarine Communication | | | | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | Subterrestrial Mine Communications | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Very Low Frequency | VLF | 3KHz | 30kHz | 100km | 10km | - Submarine Communication | | | | | | | | - Navigation | | | | | | | | - Time Signals | | | | | | | | - Wireless Heart Rate Monitors | | | | | | | | - Geophysics | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Low Frequency | LF | 30KHz | 300kHz | 10km | 1km | - Navigation | | | | | | | | - Time Signals | | | | | | | | - AM Radio (longwave) | | | | | | | | - RFID | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Medium Frequency | MF | 300KHz | 3000kHz | 1km | 100m | - AM Radio (medium-wave) | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | | | | | | | | - Avalanche Beacons | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | High Frequency | HF | 3MHz | 30MHz | 100m | 10m | - Shortwave Broadcasts | | | | | | | | - Citizens' Band Radio | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | | | | | | | | - Aircraft (over-the-horizon) | | | | | | | | - RFID | | | | | | | | - Radar (over-the-horizon) | | | | | | | | - Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) | | | | | | | | - Near Vertical Incidence Skywave Radio Communications (NVIS) | | | | | | | | - Marine and Mobile Radio Telephony | | | | | | | | - Garage Door Openers | | | | | | | | - Home & Commerical Security Systems | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Very High Frequency | VHF | 30MHz | 300MHz | 10m | 1m | - FM Radio | | | | | | | | - Television Broadcasts | | | | | | | | - LoS Ground-to-Aircraft Communications | | | | | | | | - LoS Aircraft-to-Aircft Communications | | | | | | | | - Land Mobile and Maritime Mobile Communications | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | | | | | | | | - Weather Radio | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Ultra High Frequency | UHF | 300MHz | 3000MHz | 1m | 100mm | - Television Broadcasts | | | | | | | | - Microwave Ovens | | | | | | | | - Microwave Devices & Communications | | | | | | | | - Radio Astronomy | | | | | | | | - Mobile Phone Communications | | | | | | | | - Wireless LAN | | | | | | | | - Bluetooth | | | | | | | | - ZigBee | | | | | | | | - GPS | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Super High Frequency | SHF | 3GHz | 30GHz | 100mm | 10mm | - Radio Astronomy | | | | | | | | - Microwave Devices & Communications | | | | | | | | - Wireless LAN | | | | | | | | - Modern Radar Systems | | | | | | | | - Satellite Communication Systems | | | | | | | | - Satellite Television Systems | | | | | | | | - DBS | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Extremely High Frequency | EHF | 30GHz | 300GHz | 10mm | 1mm | - Radio Astronomy | | | | | | | | - High Frequency Microwave Relay Systems | | | | | | | | - Microwave Remote Sensing Systems | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | | | | | | | | - Directed-Energy Weapon Systems | | | | | | | | - Millimeter Wave Scanners | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Tremendously High Frequency | THF | 300GHz | 3,000GHz | 1mm | 100μm | - Terahertz imaging | | | | | | | | - Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics | | | | | | | | - Condensed-Matter Physics | | | | | | | | - Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy | | | | | | | | - Terahertz Computing & Communications | | | | | | | | - Sub-milimeter Remote Sensing | | | | | | | | - Amateur Radio | +--------------------------------+-------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

Citizen's Band

  • CB radio consists of 40 channels in the 27 mhz range (11m).
  • Using CB does not require a license and can be used for personal communications.
  • Transmission on CB frequencies is limited to 4W
Channel Frequency Channel Frequency Channel Frequency Channel Frequency
1 26.965 MHz 11 27.085 MHz 21 27.215 MHz 31 27.315 MHz
2 26.975 MHz 12 27.105 MHz 22 27.225 MHz 32 27.325 MHz
3 26.985 MHz 13 27.115 MHz 23 27.255 MHz 33 27.335 MHz
4 27.005 MHz 14 27.125 MHz 24 27.235 MHz 34 27.345 MHz
5 27.015 MHz 15 27.135 MHz 25 27.245 MHz 35 27.355 MHz
6 27.025 MHz 16 27.155 MHz 26 27.265 MHz 36 27.365 MHz
7 27.035 MHz 17 27.165 MHz 27 27.275 MHz 37 27.375 MHz
8 27.055 MHz 18 27.175 MHz 28 27.285 MHz 38 27.385 MHz
9 27.065 MHz 19 27.185 MHz 29 27.295 MHz 39 27.395 MHz
10 27.075 MHz 20 27.205 MHz 30 27.305 MHz 40 27.405 MHz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-sideband_modulation

Amateur Radio (HAM)

Band (Meters) Frequency (MHz) - + Notes
6 50 54
10 28 29.7
  • Best long distance (across oceans)
  • Useful short-medium range groundwave propogation
Frequencies Notes
HAM
MURS 151.82 Multiple-Use Radio Service
151.88
151.94
154.57
154.60
FRS Family Radio Service
GMRS General Mobile Radio Service

MURS

FRS

GRMS

  • General Mobile Radio Service

MURS

Bookmarks

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