spectrum.rst

EMR Spectrum

• the the shorter wavelength allows them to more easily penetrate the structure of buildings
• Knife-edge propagation is the term used to describe when signals are partially refracted around solid objects exhibiting sharp edges
• wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz

2 Meter Band: 144 Mhz - 148 Mhz

Conversions

Unit	Target	Formula	Example
MHz	kHz	Mhz * 1,000	9.62 MHz x 1000 = 9620 kHz
kHz	MHz	Khz / 1,000	2780 kHz divided by 1000 = 2.780 MHz
MHz	meters	300 / MHz	300 divided by 7.1 MHz = 42.25 meters
meters	MHz	300 / meters	300 divided by 42.25 meters = 7.1 MHz

300/.7

Radio Frequencies

• AM radio - 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz
• Short wave radio - bands from 5.9 megahertz to 26.1 megahertz
• Citizens band (CB) radio - 26.96 megahertz to 27.41 megahertz
• Television stations - 54 to 88 megahertz for channels 2 through 6
• FM radio - 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz
• Television stations - 174 to 220 megahertz for channels 7 through 13

Name	Abbr	Frequency		Wavelength		Application
		-	+	-	+
Tremendously Low Frequency	TLF	N/A	< 3Hz	N/A	100,000km	N/A
Extremely Low Frequency	ELF	3Hz	30Hz	100,000km	10,000km	Submarine Communications
Super Low Frequency	SLF	30Hz	300Hz	10,000km	1000 km	Submarine Communication
Ultra Low Frequency	ULF	300Hz	3000Hz	1000km	100km	Submarine Communication
						Subterrestrial Mine Communications
Very Low Frequency	VLF	3KHz	30kHz	100km	10km	Submarine Communication Navigation Time Signals Wireless Heart Rate Monitors Geophysics
Low Frequency	LF	30KHz	300kHz	10km	1km	Navigation Time Signals AM Radio (longwave) RFID Amateur Radio
Medium Frequency	MF	300KHz	3000kHz	1km	100m	AM Radio (medium-wave) Amateur Radio Avalanche Beacons
High Frequency	HF	3MHz	30MHz	100m	10m	Shortwave Broadcasts Citizens' Band Radio Amateur Radio Aircraft (over-the-horizon) RFID Radar (over-the-horizon) Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) Near Vertical Incidence Skywave Radio Communications (NVIS) Marine and Mobile Radio Telephony Garage Door Openers Home & Commerical Security Systems
Very High Frequency	VHF	30MHz	300MHz	10m	1m	FM Radio Television Broadcasts LoS Ground-to-Aircraft Communications LoS Aircraft-to-Aircft Communications Land Mobile and Maritime Mobile Communications Amateur Radio Weather Radio
Ultra High Frequency	UHF	300MHz	3000MHz	1m	100mm	Television Broadcasts Microwave Ovens Microwave Devices & Communications Radio Astronomy Mobile Phone Communications Wireless LAN Bluetooth ZigBee GPS Amateur Radio
Super High Frequency	SHF	3GHz	30GHz	100mm	10mm	Radio Astronomy Microwave Devices & Communications Wireless LAN Modern Radar Systems Satellite Communication Systems Satellite Television Systems DBS Amateur Radio
Extremely High Frequency	EHF	30GHz	300GHz	10mm	1mm	Radio Astronomy High Frequency Microwave Relay Systems Microwave Remote Sensing Systems Amateur Radio Directed-Energy Weapon Systems Millimeter Wave Scanners
Tremendously High Frequency	THF	300GHz	3,000GHz	1mm	100μm	Terahertz imaging Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics Condensed-Matter Physics Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Terahertz Computing & Communications Sub-milimeter Remote Sensing Amateur Radio

Citizen's Band

• CB radio consists of 40 channels in the 27 mhz range (11m).
• Using CB does not require a license and can be used for personal communications.
• Transmission on CB frequencies is limited to 4W

Channel	Frequency	Channel	Frequency	Channel	Frequency	Channel	Frequency
1	26.965 MHz	11	27.085 MHz	21	27.215 MHz	31	27.315 MHz
2	26.975 MHz	12	27.105 MHz	22	27.225 MHz	32	27.325 MHz
3	26.985 MHz	13	27.115 MHz	23	27.255 MHz	33	27.335 MHz
4	27.005 MHz	14	27.125 MHz	24	27.235 MHz	34	27.345 MHz
5	27.015 MHz	15	27.135 MHz	25	27.245 MHz	35	27.355 MHz
6	27.025 MHz	16	27.155 MHz	26	27.265 MHz	36	27.365 MHz
7	27.035 MHz	17	27.165 MHz	27	27.275 MHz	37	27.375 MHz
8	27.055 MHz	18	27.175 MHz	28	27.285 MHz	38	27.385 MHz
9	27.065 MHz	19	27.185 MHz	29	27.295 MHz	39	27.395 MHz
10	27.075 MHz	20	27.205 MHz	30	27.305 MHz	40	27.405 MHz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-sideband_modulation

Amateur Radio (HAM)

Band (Meters)	Frequency (MHz) -		Notes
6	50	54
10	28	29.7	Best long distance (across oceans) Useful short-medium range groundwave propogation

	Frequencies	Notes
HAM
MURS	151.82	Multiple-Use Radio Service
	151.88
	151.94
	154.57
	154.60
FRS		Family Radio Service
GMRS		General Mobile Radio Service

MURS

• Multi-Use Radio Service
• Low power
• Short Range
• Antenna height limited to 20ft above structure/60ft above ground
• References:
  • http://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/MURS

FRS

• Unlicensed
• Personal Radio Service
• ht's w/ max 500 mW output
• cannot use external antennas or power amplifiers
• http://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/FRS

GRMS

• General Mobile Radio Service

MURS

Bookmarks

• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mobile_Radio_Service
• https://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/general-mobile-radio-service-gmrs
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations#10_Metres
• http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Regulatory/Band%20Chart/Hambands_bw.pdf
• https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1BvM2Md-Xn01z2ur831TzxG5ywiYpmEI0YE8Jp467aUk/edit?usp=sharing
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH0iHzvnG5k
• http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/ham-radio-for-dummies-cheat-sheet.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations
• http://www.gmrs.org/how_twoway_radio_works.htm
• https://radiofreeq.wordpress.com/2013/07/07/survivalist-radio-communications-ham-vs-cb-vs-frs-vs-gmrs-vs-murs/
• http://forums.radioreference.com/gmrs-frs/275370-great-unofficial-radioreference-frs-gmrs-murs-fact-sheet.html
• http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-radiofrequency.htm
• http://www.dxmaps.com/spots/map.php?Lan=E&Frec=TIC&ML=M&Map=NA&DXC=N&HF=N&GL=N