This Python script demonstrates various programming techniques including conditional statements, loops, lists, dictionaries, functions, classes, file handling, random numbers, and system commands. Each programming technique is accompanied by examples and comments for clarity and understanding. Use this script as a reference or tutorial for learn…

Python Programming Techniques Demo

# Importing modules
import os
import random

# Declaring variables
num1 = 5
num2 = 10
name = "John"

# Conditional statements
if num1 < num2:
    print("num1 is smaller than num2")
else:
    print("num1 is greater than or equal to num2")

# Loops
for i in range(1, 11):
    # Check if i is even
    if i % 2 == 0:
        print(i, "is an even number")
    else:
        print(i, "is an odd number")

# Lists
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
# Add an element to the list
fruits.append("orange")
# Print the list
print("The list of fruits is:", fruits)
# Sort the list in reverse order
fruits.sort(reverse=True)
# Print the sorted list
print("The sorted list of fruits is:", fruits)
# Remove the last element from the list
fruits.pop()
# Print the updated list
print("The updated list of fruits is:", fruits)

# Dictionaries
person = {"name": "John", "age": 36, "country": "USA"}
# Print the value of the age key
print("The person's age is:", person["age"])
# Update the value of the age key
person["age"] = 37
# Print the updated value of the age key
print("The person's age is now:", person["age"])
# Add a new key-value pair to the dictionary
person["city"] = "New York"
# Print the updated dictionary
print("The updated person dictionary is:", person)

# Functions
def greet(name):
    print("Hello, " + name)

# Get user input for the name
user_name = input("Please enter your name: ")
# Call the greet function with the user's name
greet(user_name)

# Classes
class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model

    def start(self):
        print("The " + self.make + " " + self.model + " is starting...")

# Create an instance of a car and start it
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")
my_car.start()

# File handling
# Open a file in write mode
file = open("example.txt", "w")
# Write a string to the file
file.write("This is an example of file handling in Python.")
# Close the file
file.close()

# Random numbers
# Generate a random integer between 1 and 100
random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
# Print the random number
print("Here is a random number between 1 and 100:", random_number)

# System commands
# Get the current working directory
current_directory = os.getcwd()
# Print the current working directory
print("The current working directory is:", current_directory)
# List the contents of the current directory
os.system("ls")