Dart Class

class.dart

void main() {
  Car newMercedes = Car(brandName:'Benz', modelName:'G', currency:'USD', msrp:1000.0);
  print('Car: ${newMercedes.brandName} ${newMercedes.modelName}');
  print('Price: ${newMercedes.currency} ${newMercedes.msrp}');
  
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  
  Car newHonda = Car.shorter(brandName:'Honda', modelName:'Fit');
  print('Car: ${newHonda.brandName} ${newHonda.modelName}');
  
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  newHonda.printModelName();
  
  // use static property
  var Secret = Car.SECRET;
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  print('Static Property | Car Secret: $Secret');
  
  // use static method
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  print(Car.toCapitalCase(Secret));
  print(Car.toCapitalCase(Secret, false));
  
  
  // Object Memory Storage - Objects
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  var copyOfHonda = newHonda;
  var copy2OfHonda = newHonda;
  
  copyOfHonda.brandName = 'Point To Same Memory Storage Address';
  print('copyOfHonda - ${copyOfHonda.brandName}');
  print('copy2OfHonda - ${copy2OfHonda.brandName}');
  
  // Object Memory Storage - Primitives
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  var name = 'Nikk';
  var cName = name;
  var cName1 = name;
  cName = 'Johnny';
  print(cName); // Johnny
  print(cName1); // Nikk
  
  // Inheritence
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  var tesla = new ElectricCar(brandName: 'Tesla', modelName: 'X');
  print('ElectricCar: ${tesla.brandName} ${tesla.modelName}');
  print('Price: ${tesla.currency} ${tesla.msrp}');
  
  tesla.printModelName(); 
  print(ElectricCar.toCapitalCase('EC - toCapitalCase'));
  
  
  // named constructor
  print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
  var teslaShort = new ElectricCar.shorter(brandName: 'Tesla');
  print('ElectricCarShort: ${teslaShort.brandName} ${teslaShort.modelName}');
  
}

class Car {
  // static property
  static const SECRET = 'niklee2009';
  // normal property
  String brandName;
  String modelName;
  String currency;
  double msrp;
  
  Car({this.brandName, this.modelName, this.currency, this.msrp}){
    print('default constructor');
  }
  
  // named constructor
  Car.shorter({String brandName, String modelName}) :
    this.brandName = brandName,
    this.modelName = modelName {
      print('named constructor');
    }
  
  // methods
  void printModelName() {
    var brandName = 'Local Name';
    print('method executed - printModelName()');
    print('Car: ${brandName} ${modelName}');
    print('Car: ${this.brandName} ${modelName}');
  }
  
  // static method
  static String toCapitalCase(String original, [bool optionalParam = true]) {
    if(original == null) { original = ''; }
    return '${original.toUpperCase()} - ${optionalParam}';
  }
}

// Inheritance
class ElectricCar extends Car {
  // call Parent Constructor and has child its own constructor
   ElectricCar({
     String brandName, 
     String modelName,
     String currency = 'USD',
     double msrp = 500.00
     }) : 
      // parent constructor -> execute first
      super(
        brandName: brandName,
        modelName: modelName,
        currency: currency,
        msrp: msrp) {
        // child constructor -> execute after
        print('Electric Car Constructor');
      }
  
  // override named constructor
  ElectricCar.shorter({
     String brandName, 
     String modelName = 'shorter model'
     }) : 
      // parent constructor -> execute first
      super(
        brandName: brandName,
        modelName: modelName) {
        // child constructor -> execute after
        print('Electric Car shorter Constructor');
      }
  
  
  // override parent methods
  // if we don't mark as override, the override work is still done.
  @override
  void printModelName() {
    print(''.padLeft(20, '-'));
    print('@Method Override');
    // execute parent method
    super.printModelName();
    // execute child method
    var brandName = 'Local Name';
    print('method executed - Electric printModelName()');
    print('Electric Car: ${brandName} ${modelName}');
    print('Electric Car: ${this.brandName} ${modelName}');
  }
  
  // static method
  // static method doesn't inherit, but you can still override it without @override
  static String toCapitalCase(String original, [bool optionalParam = false]) {
    // super.toCapitalCase('Parent'); ---> error, super is not available
    if(original == null) { original = 'Electric Static Method'; }
    return '${original.toUpperCase()} - ${optionalParam}';
  }
}