Fetch the definition of a word when added to a Google Spreadsheet

add_definition.gs

function onNewRow(e) {
 var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  Logger.log("Trigger: new row inserted:" + sheet.getLastRow());
  // Get index of row inserted
  var row = sheet.getLastRow();
  // Get word/phrase inserted
  var range = sheet.getRange(row, 1);
  var phrase = range.getValue();
  Logger.log("Row insertion detected");

  if (sheet.getName() == "Expressions") {
    addDate(sheet, row, 3);
  }
  else if (alreadyExists(sheet, phrase, row)) {
    sheet.deleteRow(row);
    Logger.log(phrase + " already exists!");
  } else {
    // fillDictionaryLink(sheet, row, phrase);
    range.setValue(phrase.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + phrase.slice(1));
    addDefinition(sheet, row, phrase, 2);
    addDate(sheet, row, 3);
    // Sort words in ascending chronological order
    sheet.sort(3);
    
    Logger.log(phrase + " added!");
    
  } 
}

function addDate(sheet, row, dateColumn) {
  sheet.getRange(row, dateColumn).setValue(new Date()).setNumberFormat("MM/dd/YY");
}

function alreadyExists(sheet, word, latestRow) {
  var lastRowIndex = sheet.getLastRow();
  var words = sheet.getRange(2,1,lastRowIndex).getValues();
  var wordsFlat = words.map(function(row) {
    return row[0];
  });
  indexOf = wordsFlat.indexOf(word) + 2;
  Logger.log(latestRow + ", " + indexOf);
  if (indexOf != -1 && indexOf != latestRow) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

function addDefinition(sheet, row, phrase, column) {
  var example_column = column + 1; 
  var base_url = 'https://www.dictionaryapi.com/api/v3/references/learners/json/';
  
  // To lowercase and substitute whitespace for '_'
  phrase.toLowerCase();
  phrase = phrase.replace(/\s/g, '_');
  
  // Encode word/phrase
  phrase = encodeURI(phrase);
  
  // Append phrase to base URL
  var url = (base_url.concat(phrase)).concat('?key=097dfbf9-96ba-49f5-b81d-704ac2a51861');

  
  // Make a GET request to Dictionary API and retrieve the definition/s.
  var options  = {
    "method": "GET",
  };
  
  var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);  
  var responseObj = JSON.parse(response.getContentText());
  
  try {
    var definition = responseObj[0]["shortdef"][0];
   
    // Add an example if available
    try {
      var example = responseObj[0]["def"][0]["sseq"][0][0][1]["dt"][1][1][0]["t"];
      example = example.replace("{it}", "").replace("{/it}", "");
      definition = definition + "\n\n" + "Example: " + example
    }
    catch(err) {
      Logger.log("No example found for: " + phrase);
    }
    
    // Insert definition 
    sheet.getRange(row, column).setValue(definition);
  }
  catch(err) {
    Logger.log("No definition found for: " + phrase);
  }
  try {
      var example = responseObj[0]["def"][0]["sseq"][0][0][1]["dt"][1][1][0]["t"];

      example = example.replace("{it}", "").replace("{/it}", "");
      // Insert example
      sheet.getRange(row, example_column).setValue(example);
  }
  catch(err) {
    Logger.log("No example found for: " + phrase);
  }
}

function fillDictionaryLink(sheet, row, phrase) {
  var base_url = 'https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/';
  
  //Substitute whitespace for '-'
  phrase = phrase.replace(/\s/g, '-');
  
  // Append phrase to base URL
  var link = base_url.concat(phrase);
  
  // Insert link 
  sheet.getRange(row, 4).setValue(link);
}