Sample Ruby code with nested exceptions - use Ruby 2.3.0 or higher

nested_exception.rb

class LibraryError < RuntimeError; end
class AppError < RuntimeError; end

# Library code
def library_call
  begin
    1/0
  rescue
    raise LibraryError.new("Something went wrong")
  end
end

# App code
def app_call
  library_call
rescue LibraryError
  raise AppError.new("The Library had an error")
end

begin
  app_call
rescue => e
  puts "Error: #{e.inspect}"
  print "\n"
  puts "Caused by: #{e.cause.inspect}"
  puts "Which was caused by: #{e.cause.cause.inspect}"
  puts "Which was caused by (nothing): #{e.cause.cause.cause.inspect}"

  print "\n"
  puts "A message: #{e.cause.cause.message}"
  print "\n"
  puts "A backtrace:\n    #{e.cause.backtrace.join("\n    ")}"
end